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________________ AcArya viSNukAnta zAstrI, thaka-thaka kara au cUra-cUra ho, amala-dhavala giri ke zikharoM para, priyavara, tuma kaba taka soye the? royA yakSa ki tuma roye the? kAlidAsa, saca-saca btlaanaa|' yaha kavitA yaha dhvanita kara rahI hai ki aja yA rati yA yakSa ke mAdhyama se jisa viraha kI vyaMjanA kAlidAsa ne kI hai, vaha unake apane antara ke viraha kI anubhUta vedanA thii| kavi kI apanI bhogI huI virahapIr3A kI pratyakSatA aura virahapIr3ita svajanoM kI pIr3A kI sAkSitA sammilita rUpa se usakA vaha anubhava-koSa hai jisake AdhAra para vaha apane pAtroM kI viraha vedanA kA citraNa karatA hai| apane anubhavoM ko vANI dene ke lie, tallInatA ke sAtha-sAtha jisa taTasthatA kI kucha dUrI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai usakI siddhi ke lie kAlidAsa ne ina pAtroM ke mAdhyama se apane virahAnubhava ko vyaMjita kiyA thaa| ata: kAlidAsa ke pAtroM kI virahavyaMjanA meM svayaM kAlidAsa kI virahAnubhUti aura viraha sambandhI tAttvika dRSTi samAhita hai, isa mAnyatA kA aucitya svIkArya kAlidAsa kI viraha-vyaMjanA 'kAlidAsa kI viraha-vyaMjanA', isa zIrSaka kA thor3A spaSTIkaraNa apekSita hai| isa zIrSaka se eka artha yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki apane sAhitya ke pAtroM ke dvArA kAlidAsa ne viraha kA jo rUpa aMkita kiyA hai usakI vivecanA isa lekha meM kI jaayegii| isakA eka artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki svayaM kAlidAsa ne viraha kA jo anubhava kiyA hai usakI vyaMjanA karane kA duSprayAsa isa lekha kA abhISTa hai| yaha dUsarA artha kucha aTapaTA lagatA hai lekina merA vizvAsa hai ki ye donoM artha paraspara pUraka haiN| kAlidAsa ne viraha kA jo mArmika tIvra anubhava kiyA hogA vahI anubhava bhinna-bhinna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se bhinna-bhinna kRtiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM meM pratiphalita huA hogA, yaha anumAna asaMgata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| apanI isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM hindI ke vidagdha kavi nAgArjuna kI eka marmasparzI kavitA ke kucha aMza uddhRta kara rahA hU~ kAlidAsa, saca-saca batalAnA, indumatI ke mRtyuzoka se, aja royA yA tuma roye the? kAlidAsa, saca-saca btlaanaa| rati kA krandana suna A~sU se, tumane hI to dRga dhoye the? kAlidAsa, saca-saca batalAnA, rati royI yA tuma roye the? kAlidAsa, saca-saca batalAnA, para-pIr3A se pUra-pUra ho, ___ isa vivecana ko Age bar3hAne ke pahale viraha sambandhI kAlidAsa kI tAttvika dRSTi para thor3A vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| kAlidAsa kI viraha sambandhI dhAraNA prema sambandhI unakI mAnyatA para avalambita hai| prema apane zithila artha meM vizeSa kara kavitA ke zRMgArI sandarbha meM manonukUla nara yA nArI ke prati mana kI pravaNatA ko vyakta karatA hai| prema ke aura vyApaka tathA gaMbhIra artha bhI hote haiM kintu uparyukta artha meM nara-nArI kI kAmAsakti usameM anAyAsa antarnihita rahatI hai| isa sambandha meM yaha smaraNIya hai ki kAlidAsa kI dRr3ha mAnyatA thI ki kAmAsakti eka satahI sthiti hai| kevala zArIrika rUpa kA piMDa AkarSaNa manuSya ke hRdaya meM jisa utkaMThA ko janma detA hai vaha bhogaparAyaNa hai aura usake dvArA usa gaMbhIra anubhUti kA udaya nahIM hotA jise prema kahA jA sakatA hai| aprApta priya kI prApti hone ke bAda agara usake prati AkarSaNa zithila ho jAya, usameM sAtatya na banA rahe to yaha mAnanA par3egA vaha prema na hokara kAma hI thaa| ___ kAlidAsa prema meM zarIra ke milana ko nakArate to nahIM kintu usI taka sImita nahIM rhte| kAlidAsa nara-nArI ke milana ko bahuta sUkSmatA se, spaSTatA se kalAtmaka rUpa meM aMkita karate haiN| aisA karate samaya kisI bhI prakAra kI kuMThA kA ve bodha nahIM krte| phira bhI kAlidAsa kI dRSTi meM zarIra ke dharAtala kA atikramaNa kara jaba prema 'bhAvanibandhanA rati' kI bhUmikA para adhirohaNa karatA hai, tabhI sArthaka hotA hai| 'bhAvanibandhanA rati' zabda kAlidAsa kA hI hai| indumatI ke prati aja ne apane prema kI abhivyakti isI zabda ke mAdhyama se kI thii| jaba taka aisA nahIM hotA taba taka yauvana aura saundarya donoM vAstavika prema ko uddIpta karane meM samartha nahIM hote| yauvana to jIvana ke eka kAla hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa /8
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________________ vizeSa kI saMjJA hai, jisameM viSaya bhoga ke prati mana unmukha hotA hai| 'yauvane viSayaiSiNAm'3, yaha ukti kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza ke rAjAoM ke varNana ke prasaMga meM svayaM kahI hai| arthAt ve svIkAra karate the ki yauvanakAla meM viSaya kI eSaNA svAbhAvika hotI hai| isa eSaNA ko rUpa-saundarya aura ukasA detA hai| yaha eSaNA saundarya ke prati yaha AkarSaNa kAlidAsa kI dRSTi meM taba taka prema saMjJA prApta karane meM samartha nahIM, jaba taka maMgalamaya na ho| yaha smaraNIya hai ki yauvana mUlata: viSayagata hai, saundarya viSaya meM bhI hotA hai aura viSayI kI dRSTi meM bhI kintu prema to bhAva meM hI balki bhAvavizeSa hI hai| viSayaiSaNA yA bhogalAlasA kI tRpti to paNyastriyoM yA puruSoM ke dvArA bhI kI jA sakatI hai| aisA karane vAloM ke prati kAlidAsa ke mana meM sammAna nahIM thaa| meghadUta meM vidizA ke nikaTa 'nIca' nAmaka pahAr3I kI guphAoM meM isa prakAra kI kAmakeli kA saMketa kAlidAsa ne kiyA thaa| mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha 'nIca' nAma sAbhiprAya hai jo AdhAra taka hI sImita na hokara Adheya ko bhI apanI lapeTa meM le letA hai| anta:puroM meM vilAsI rAjAoM kI premakrIr3A kA citraNa bhI kAlidAsa ko karanA par3A thaa| apane AzrayadAtAoM kI ruciyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA rAjAzrita kaviyoM kI vivazatA hai| kAlidAsa bhI usase mukta nahIM the| 'mAlavikAgnimitram' nAmaka apane nATaka meM kAlidAsa ne agnimitra kI praNayalAlasA kA citraNa kiyA hai jo dhAriNI evaM irAvatI jaisI rAniyoM ke rahate hue mAlavikA ke saundarya se AkRSTa hotA hai| vidUSaka kI caturAI aura paristhitiyoM kI anukUlatA se vaha use pA bhI letA hai, kintu isa nATaka meM prema kI vyaMjanA satahI hI hai, udAtta evaM Urjasvita nhiiN| jisakI siddhi ke lie koI bar3I cIja dA~va para nahIM lagAyI jAye, vaha vRtti Antarika hai, gaMbhIra hai, maMgalamayI hai, kAlidAsa saMbhavata: ise nahIM mAnate the| unakI dhAraNA thI ki sRSTiracanA kI icchA se bhagavAn ziva ne apane Apako strIpuruSa ina do mUrtiyoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| ina strI-puruSoM meM rUpAsakti ke kAraNa AkarSaNa ho yaha svAbhAvika hai kintu yadi yaha Asakti kevala dehaparaka hai, upabhogaparaka hai to andhI kAmAsakti hai jo upabhoga ke bAda zithila ho jA sakatI hai aura apane svAbhAvika pariNAma navIna sRSTi se katarA sakatI hai yA use avAMchita... duHkha-bhAjana mAna sakatI hai| isIlie ve pratipAdita karate haiM ki jaba kAmAsakti ko tapasyA se bhasma kara diyA jAtA hai tabhI zuddha prema kI dIpti prakaTa hotI hai| kumArasaMbhavam evaM abhijJAnazAkuntalam apanI ina donoM praur3ha kRtiyoM meM kAlidAsa ne zArIrika AkarSaNa ke prathama Avega ko maMgalamaya nahIM batAyA hai| kAma jaba pArvatI ke saundarya ko sambala banAkara zivajI ke hRdaya meM kSobha utpanna karanA cAhatA hai taba use bhasma ho jAnA par3atA hai| pArvatI jaba apane rUpa se zivajI ko rijhAne meM asamartha hokara tapasyA se unheM pAne kA saMkalpa karatI haiM tabhI kAlidAsa unheM udAtta prema kI upalabdhi kI adhikAriNI mAnate haiM:- 'avApyate vA kathamanyathA dvayaM tathAvidhaM prema patizca taadRshH| kisI anya taraha.. vaisA prema aura vaisA pati kaise pAyA jA sakatA hai| jisa prema ko tapasyA ke dvArA prApta nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha prema maMgalamaya nahIM hotaa| vaha rUpa bhI maMgalamaya nahIM hotA jo tapasyA se parizodhita na ho| kAlidAsa ke matAnusAra vAstavika udAtta priya arUpahArya hotA hai, rUpa ke dvArA use bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| pArvatI ko isIlie lagA ki kevala AkarSaNa ke cAkacikya dvArA ziva jaise pati ko prApta karane kA dAvA karane vAlA rUpa vAstavika prema ko prApta karane kA upayukta upakaraNa nahIM hai| isa rUpa ko bhI tapa se pavitra honA caahie| kAlidAsa kA nirNaya hai ki 'bhAvanibandhanA rati' ke lie tapa karanA, tapanA, tApa jhelanA Avazyaka hai| mahAdevI varmA kI paMktiyA~ yAda A gayIM tApa binA khaMDoM kA mila pAnA anahonA, binA agni ke jur3A na lohA, mATI, sonA! le TUTe saMkalpa-svapna, ura-jvAlA meM pighlo|' jaba lohA, mATI, sonA jaise jar3a padArtha bhI binA agni-tApa ke jur3a nahIM sakate taba zivajI ke khaMDoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita nara-nArI ke jo jor3e sacce prema ke tapa rUpI tApa se apane hRdayoM ko jor3a nahIM pAte ve zarIra ke stara para jur3a kara bhI vAstava meM jur3a nahIM paayeNge| isa prema tapa ke antargata priya ko prApta karane ke lie sarvasva samarpaNa rUpI ekaniSTha tapa bhI hai, virahatApa bhI aura bhUla ho jAne para usake saMzodhana ke lie Antarika pazcAttApa bhii| binA sacce pazcAttApa ke agara zakuntalA ko prApta kara liyA hotA duSyanta ne to zakuntalA kI kyA sthiti hotI ? anta:puroM meM eka kSaNa ke AkarSaNa se apane ko dhanya mAnane vAlI aisI sundariyoM ke jIvana kA karuNa avasAna hama bAra-bAra dekhate rahe haiM, sunate rahe haiM, jinakI ora rAjA dUsarI bAra A~kha uThAkara bhI nahIM dekhtaa| kyA zakuntalA kI pariNati bhI vaisI hI nahIM ho jA sakatI thI? kAlidAsa ne isa tathya ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai ki jo tathAkathita prema karttavya meM bAdhaka banatA hai vaha svAmI ke dvArA daMDita aura RSi ke dvArA abhizapta hotA hai| yakSa svarNakamala lAnA bhUla jAye, zakuntalA Atithya-dharma ko vismRta karake kevala apane priya kI smRti meM lIna rahe, yaha apekSita nahIM hai| yaha to Asakti hai jo dhikkRta kI jAnI caahie| isIlie isa Asakti ke preraka kAmadeva ko usakI kuceSTA ke kAraNa bhagavAna ziva dagdha kara dete haiN| jaba rUpa kA AkarSaNa apane ko tapa se pavitra karatA hai, jaba premI tapa rUpI virahatApa yA pazcAttApa se Asakti kI samasta zyAmatA ko dagdha kara vizuddha kAMcana ke rUpa meM nikhara uThatA hai tabhI usakA prema sArthaka hotA hai| pArvatI kI tapasyA se rIjha kara ziva ko bhI kahanA par3atA hai, he avanatAMgi! tumhAre isa apUrva tapa ke kAraNa maiM Aja se tumhArA mola liyA dAsa adyaprabhRtyavanatAni tavAsmi dAsa: krItastapobhiriti vAdini cndrmaulo| isa dRSTi se viraha kI vAstavika mahimA yahI hai ki vaha tapAgni se Asakti ko bhasma kara maMgalamaya prema ko ubuddha karatA hai| hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa /9
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________________ isa vicArakrama meM maiM kAlidAsa ke nirUpaNa ke anusAra hI viraha ko kucha vyApaka artha meM grahaNa kara rahA huuN| sAmAnyataH kAvyazAstra ke anusAra zrRMgAra ke antargata vipralaMbha meM hI viraha ko sImita kiyA jAtA hai| mRtyujanita viccheda ko zoka kA hetu mAnakara usakA vivecana karuNa rasa ke antargata kiyA jAtA hai| kintu kAlidAsa ne mRtyujanita viccheda ko viraha hI kahA hai| indumatI kI Akasmika akAlamRtyu se marmAhata aja kI ukti hai| zazinaM punareti zarvarI dayitA dvandvacaraM ptttrinnm| iti tau virahAntarasamau kathamatyantagatA na mAM dheH|| candramA ko zarvarI aura cakave ko cakavI puna: prApta ho jAtI hai ata: ve unake viraha ko saha lete haiM, kintu he atyantagatA indumatI ! tuma to phira mujhe nahIM milogI, batAo phira virahAgni mujhe bhasma kyoM na kara de| yaha atyantagatA bahuta mArmika zabda hai| atyantagatA... jo sadA ke lie calI gayI, jo phira lauTa kara nahIM AyegI, jisako puna: nahIM pAyA jA skegaa| usa atyantagatA ke prati nivedita prema kyA mRtyu ke dvArA khaMDita ho jAyegA? bhAvanibandhanA rati ko kyA mRtyu naSTa kara sakatI hai? kyA prema deha ke mAdhyama se udbhUta hI nahIM, dehasImita bhI hotA hai? kyA prema videha nahIM ho sakatA? aura yadi ho sakatA hai to daihika milana kI saMbhAvanA mRtyu ke dvArA khaMDita ho jAne para usa videha prema ko viraha kI anubhUti kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ? kyoM use kevala zokAnubhUti hI kahanA cAhie? apane prANoM ko priya ke cira anajAna prANoM se bAMdha dene ke anantara prANoM kI bar3hatI viraha vyathA ko vANI dene ke vivaza prayAsa meM sumitrAnandana panta ne kahA hai yaha videha prANoM kA bandhana, antarvAlA se tapatA tana, mugdha hRdaya saundarya jyoti ko, dagdha kAmanA karatA arpnn| nahIM cAhatA jo kucha bhI AdAna prANoM se|10 panta jI ne isa kavitA meM svIkArA hai ki prema kI videha sattA bhI ho sakatI hai| maiM mAnatA hUM ki kAlidAsa ne aja ke vilApa meM (aura rati ke vilApa meM bhI) jisa viraha ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai, vaha bhAvanibandhanA rati kI dehAtIta viraha vyaMjanA hai| use prema ke antargata hI mAnanA cAhie, nire zoka ke antargata nhiiN| premI hRdaya ko apane premapAtra kI sattA kA AbhAsa prakRti ke vividha rUpoM meM hotA hI rahatA hai| aja ko lagatA hai ki indumatI use bahalAne ke lie koyala ko apanI bolI, haMsinI ko apanI cAla, hariNI ko apanI citavana aura latA ko apanI lacaka de gayI hai kintu priyA ko akhaMDa... samagra rUpa meM pAne ke icchuka hRdaya ko inameM usakI AMzika jhalaka pAkara saMtoSa kaise ho sakatA hai, 'viraha tava me guruvyathaM hRdayaM na tvavalambituM kssmaaH|17 karuNa rasa ke isa prasaMga meM bhI viraha kI vyApti kara kAlidAsa ne apUrva sahRdayatA kA pramANa diyA hai| bhAvanibandhanA rati ke lie yadi zarIra AraMbhika sAdhana mAtra hai, usake paravartI astitva kI anivArya zarta nahIM to zarIra kA bandhana TUTa jAne para bhI bhAva kA bandhana nahIM TUTegA aura apane premapAtra ke viraha kA anubhava karane kA adhikAra premI kA banA rahegA, yaha bAta samajha meM Ane lAyaka hai| kAlidAsa ne eka aura adbhuta sthApanA kI hai| ve viraha ko saundarya aura prema donoM kI kasauTI mAnate haiN| viraha ko prema kI kasauTI mAnane vAle kAlidAsa ne bar3e bhole andAja meM kahA hai: snehAnAhuH kimapi virahe dhvaMsinaste tvabhogA diSTe varatunyupacitarasA: premarAzI bhvnti|12 ___ hAM, kahate haiM kucha loga ki viraha meM sneha naSTa ho jAtA hai, para mAlUma nahIM kaise kahate haiN| zAyada ve hI loga kahate hoMge jinakI dRSTi zarIra-sImita hai| 'A~kha se ojhala to mana se ojhala' aisI bAta jo kaha sakatA hai vaha vAstavika premI hai, kAlidAsa aisA nahIM mAnate the| ve to mAnate the ki viraha meM prema aura bar3ha jAtA hai| sIdhI sI bAta hai premapAtra ke sulabha na hone ke kAraNa usa para jisako u~DelA nahIM jA sakatA vaha to saMcita ho, hokara rAzibhUta ho hI jaayegaa| isa taraha kAlidAsa isa satya ko rekhAMkita karate haiM ki jo prema viraha-kAla meM bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai, vahI saccA prema hai| ata: yaha nirvivAda hai ki viraha hI prema ke khare yA khoTe hone kI kasauTI hai| isase eka kadama Age bar3hakara kAlidAsa kucha cauMkAne vAlI bAta kahate haiM ki viraha hI saundarya kI bhI kasauTI hai| unakI prasiddha ukti hai, 'priyeSu saubhAgyaphalA hi cArutA13 arthAt cArutA kA... saundarya kA phala yahI hai ki vaha priya ke prati saubhAgya ko pradIpta kre| A. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne batAyA hai ki saubhAgya eka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM prayukta zabda hai| subhaga kA vaha Antarika vazIkaraNa dharma jo premapAtra ko AkRSTa karane meM samartha hai, saubhAgya hai| vaha Antarika vazIkaraNa dharma vAstava meM kisI rUpavAna yA rUpavatI meM hai ki nahIM, isakI bhI kasauTI viraha hI hai| isIlie kAlidAsa ne kahA hai, 'saubhAgyaM te subhaga virahAvasthayA vyaMjayantIm'15 arthAt he subhaga, tumhAre Antarika vazIkaraNa dharma ko viraha kI avasthA hI vyaMjita karatI hai| jisakA priya usake viraha meM usake saundarya ko smaraNa nahIM karatA, usake saundarya ko apanI kalpanA se raMjita nahIM karatA, apanI bhAvanA se bhAvita kara AtmIya nahIM banA letA aura isa taraha apane vazIkRta hRdaya kA pramANa nahIM detA kAlidAsa kI dRSTi meM usakA saundarya vAstavika saundarya hI nahIM hai| kAlidAsa kI yakSiNI ho yA zakuntalA, urvazI ho yA indumatI yA koI aura nAyikA usake vAstavika saundarya kA AsvAdana usakA premI viraha meM usake rUpa ke romanthana ke dvArA karatA hai| kAlidAsa kI dRSTi ke anusAra yadi prema kI zArIrika prakriyA ramya hai to usakI smRti ramyatara hai| yathArtha jagat meM premakeli ke dvArA jo kucha kiyA vaha to sImita hai lekina usakI kalpanAmizrita smRti kI vyApti to asIma hai| jaba hama priyA ke saundarya kA bAra-bAra smaraNa karate haiM to usameM kevala priyA kA vastugata saundarya nahIM AtA, usameM apanI samasta kalpanA, bhAvanA ke sAtha hama Ate haiN| ravIndranAtha ne isa prakriyA ko ujAgara hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 10
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________________ karate hue kahA hai zudhu vidhAtAra sRSTi naha tumi nArI! puruSa gar3eche tore saundarya saMcAri, Apana antara hate! par3eche tomAra pare pradIpta vAsanA, ardheka mAnavI tumi ardheka klpnaa|16 arthAt he sundarI nArI, tuma kevala vidhAtA kI sRSTi nahIM ho| puruSa ne apane hRdaya se saundarya kA saMcAra kara tumheM gar3hA hai| tumhAre rUpa ko Alokita karatI rahI hai puruSa kI vAsanA kI pradIpta razmiyAM! tuma AdhI mAnavI ho aura AdhI klpnaa| isa AdhI kalpanA ko premI apanI smRti ke dvArA rUpAyita karatA hai| jisa prakAra puruSa apanI kalpanA se apanI priyA ko saMvAratA hai, usI prakAra nArI bhI apanI kalpanA se raMjita kara apane priya ko apanAtI hai| premI hRdaya apane priya yA apanI priyA ke saundarya ko saubhAgya-samalaMkRta karake hI smaraNa karatA hai| viraha meM to priya ko pAne kA eka hI upAya hai sampUrNa sattA se usakA smrnn| ata: yaha virahAvasthA hI smaraNIya priya ke saundarya kI kasauTI banakara usako samyak rUpa se urehane kA avasara pradAna karatI kA prayAsa karatI hogI taba merI smRti kI kauMdha ke kAraNa usake sadhe hue svaroM kA Aroha-avaroha asaMtulita ho jAtA hogaa| dina to phira bhI kisI taraha kaTa jAtA hogA lekina rAta... / dina meM use kabhI akelI na chor3ane vAlI usakI pyArI sakhiyAM bhI jaba rAta meM so jAtI hoMgI taba bhI vaha dharatI para eka karavaTa par3I jAgatI hogI, hAra ke TUTe motiyoM ke samAna usake AsapAsa bikhare hoMge AMsU aura vaha bar3he hue nakhoM vAle hAtha se apanI ikaharI veNI ke rukhe, ulajhe bAloM ko apane gAloM para se bAra-bAra haTAtI hogii| dIvAla kI jAliyoM se chanakara Ane vAlI candra kiraNoM ko pUrva anubhavoM ke anurUpa amRta zItala samajha kara apanA mukha unakI ora vaha jyoM hI karatI hogI tyoM hI unakI dAhakatA se jhulasa jAne ke kAraNa apanI AMsU bharI AMkhoM ko palakoM se DhaMka letI hogI mAno vaha megha ghire dina kI sthala kamalinI ho jo na khila sakatI ho, na muMda sakatI ho! aura bhI kitanI kitanI kalpanAeM karatA hai apanI priyA kI viraha kAtarA sthiti ke bAre meM yakSa kA premI hRdaya ! use lagatA hai ki vaha apane mana ko TaTola-TaTola kara apanI priyA ke mana kI bAta ko jAna sakatA hai... donoM kA mana eka hI jo ho gayA hai| tabhI to premI kahatA hai, 'apane mana se jAna lo mere mana kI bAta!' isI vizvAsa kI kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA kAlidAsa ne uttara megha ke anekAneka chandoM meM kI hai| vilakSaNa hai virahI yakSa kA priyA ke nAma saMdeza! pahale priyA ko Azvasta karane ke lie vaha apanI kuzala kahakara priyA kI kuzalatA jAnanA cAhatA hai| kaisI kuzala hai bhalA yaha! bairI brahmA roke huA hai milana kA mArga, ata: abhI milanA to saMbhava nahIM, kintu apanI aMgakRzatA se tumhArI aMgakRzatA kA, apane pragAr3ha viraha tApa se tumhAre tadanurUpa viraha tApa kA, apane nirantara azru pravAha se tumhAre azru pravAha kA, apanI milanotkaMThA se tumhArI utkaMThA kA, apanI jalatI huI lambI-lambI sAMsoM se tumhArI usAMso kA ThIka-ThIka anumAna to kara hI rahA huuN| yaha bhI mata samajhanA ki tuma dUra ho to mujhe tumhArA AbhAsa nahIM hotaa| nahIM, nahIM, AbhAsa to hotA rahatA hai| priyaMgulatA meM tumhAre aMgoM kA, cakita hariNI kI AMkhoM meM tumhArI citavana kA, candramA meM tumhAre mukha kA, mayUrapiccha meM tumhArI keza rAzi kA, nadI kI laghu lola lahariyoM meM tumhAre bhrUvilAsa kA AbhAsa to hotA rahatA hai, kintu samagratA meM to koI bhI tumhAre sadRza nahIM hai| kitanA marmasparzI chanda premI kI smRti meM premapAtra kA jo saundarya nikharatA hai, usakA marma-madhura citraNa kAlidAsa ne bahuta rasa lekara kiyA hai| jisa prakAra kAlidAsa aisA citraNa karate nahIM thakate, usI prakAra sahRdaya pAThaka bhI una jIvanta bhAvapUrNa citroM kA rasAsvAdana karate nahIM thkte| prastuta hai kAlidAsa ke sAhitya se uddhRta virahakAtara premiyoM dvArA apane premapAtroM ke kalpanAraMjita, smRtyAdhArita kucha manohArI citra! tanvI zyAmA zikharidazanA pakvabimbAdharoSThI, madhye kSAmA cakita hariNI prekSaNA nimnanAbhiH / zroNIbhArAdalasagamanA stokanamrA stanAbhyAM, yA tatra syAdhuvati viSaye sRSTirAdyeva dhAtuH / / saMyoga ke samaya kI khilI kamalinI kI zobhA vAlI priyA kI chavi yakSa ke smRti paTala meM ubharatI hai, charaharA tana, choTe-choTe dAMta, kuMdarU jaise lAla oTha, patalI kamara, cakita hariNI ke se netra, gaharI nAbhi, bar3e nitamboM ke kAraNa manda-manda cAla, kuca bhAra se namita kalevara... arthAt brahmA kI sarvotkRSTa kalAkRti ! kintu aba, aba vaha kaisI laga rahI hogI! yadi maiM viraha kAtara cakave ke samAna chaTapaTA rahA hUM to vaha bhI virahiNI cakavI ke samAna akelI, alpa bhASiNI, kisI kisI taraha kaThina viraha ke dinoM ko jhelate-jhelate pAle kI mArI kamalinI ke sadRza niSprabha ho gayI hogI kyoMki vaha merA dUsarA prANa hI to hai| rote-rote sUjI AMkheM, garma usAMsoM se phIke par3e oTha, hAtha para TikA kapola, lambe bAloM se DhaMkA AdhA dikhane vAlA usakA mukha... megha se adhaDhaMke, dhuMdhale udAsa candramA jaisA lagatA hogaa| vaha malina vasanA mana bahalAne ke lie jaba lagAtAra bahate AMsuoM se bhIMgI vINA ko poMcha kara goda meM lekara use bajA kara mere nAma kA gIta gAne zyAmAsvaMgaM cakitahariNIprekSaNe dRSTipAtaM, vaktracchAyAM zazini zikhinAM bahabhAreSu keshaan| utpazyAmi pratanuSu nadIvIciSu bhUvilAsAn, hantaikasminkvacidapi na te caNDi saadRshymsti| prakRti ke vividha upakaraNa priyA ke aMgoM kI jhalakeM bhale de leM kintu apanI samagratA meM to vaha advitIya hI hai, kAlidAsa ko isakA pakkA vizvAsa thaa| unake dvArA citrita virahI premI bAra-bAra isa satya ko duharAte haiN| indumatI ke zoka meM aja kI ukti hai: hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 11
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________________ kalamanyabhRtAsu bhASitaM, kalahaMsISu madAlasaM gtm| pRSatISu vilolamIkSitaM pavanAdhUtalatAsu vibhrmaaH|| arthAt he indumatI ! tumhArI mIThI bolI koyaloM ko, tumhArI manda-manda cAla kala haMsiniyoM ko, tumhArI caMcala citavana hariNiyoM ko aura tumhArA prIti dyotaka hAva-bhAva vAyudolita latAoM ko prApta ho gyaa| isI taraha pururavA ko bhrama huA thA ki kahIM usakI krodha zIlA priyA hI to nadI nahIM bana gayI hai kyoMki isakI lahareM usakI car3hI huI bhauhoM ke samAna, vyAkula pakSiyoM kI paMkti usakI karadhanI ke samAna aura isakI phena usakI DhIlI par3I, khIMcI jAtI huI sAr3I ke samAna laga rahI haiN|20 yakSa ko lagatA hai ki priyA ke viraha meM bhI maiM sakuzala hUM, yaha sunakara to priyA ko acchA nahIM lagA hogA, use krodha hI AyA hogA aura vaha ruTha gayI hogI to apanI pIr3A kA nivedana karate hue kahatA hai ki jaba maiM prastara zilA para gerU se tumhArI praNaya kupitA... ruThI huI chavi ko aMkita kara tumheM manAne ke lie apane ko tumhAre caraNoM meM girA huA citrita karanA cAhatA hUM tabhI AMsU isa prakAra umar3ate haiM ki kucha dekha hI nahIM paataa| dekho, krUra kAla ko citra meM bhI hamArA milanA nahIM suhaataa| jaba kalpita aparAdha se ruThI huI priyA kI bhAvanA itanA vigalita kara detI hai taba vAstavika aparAdha kI smRti hRdaya ko kitanA pIr3ita kara sakatI hai| isakA nirupaNa kAlidAsa ne abhijJAna zAkuntalam meM bahuta vidagdhatApUrvaka kiyA hai| aparAdha bodha kI jvAlA se dagdha ho rahA duSyanta atIta ke marmabedhI kSaNoM ko smaraNa ke mAdhyama se punaH jIne kI prakriyA meM kaha uThatA hai, jaba maiMne zakuntalA kA pratyAkhyAna kara diyA thA aura maharSi kaNva ke ziSyoM ne use DA~Takara yahIM rahane ko kahA thA taba usane AMkhoM meM AMsU bhara kara jisa dRSTi se mujha krUra ko dekhA thA, vaha dRSTi viSAkta zalya kI taraha mujhe dagdha kara rahI hai punardRSTiM vASpaprasara kaluSAmarpitavatI ___mayi krUre yatratsaviSamiva zalyaM dahati maam| 21 usane mujhe apanA vizvAsa diyA thaa| maiMne usake vizvAsa ko khaMDita kiyaa| vizvAsa khaMDana ke carama kSaNoM meM jisa dRSTi se usane mujhe dekhA thA, usameM jo vedanA thI, Akroza kI jo jvAlA thI vaha mere hRdaya ko aba jalA rahI hai| hAya, maine kyoM nahIM usa samaya usako phcaanaa| pramAda kA yaha zalya raha rahakara usake hRdaya meM cubhatA hI rahatA hai| yaha Antarika pazcAttApa usako isa yogya banAtA hai, vaha pAtratA detA hai ki vaha zakuntalA ko puna: prApta kara sake aura zakuntalA ke saundarya ko, usake samarpaNa ko saccA mAna de ske| isI mana:sthiti meM vaha zakuntalA kA citra banAtA hai| citra banAte samaya sAttvika bhAva sveda ke kAraNa usakI u~galiyAM pasIja jAtI haiM jisase citra koroM para usakI u~galiyoM ke kAle dhabbe par3a jAte haiN| bhavAveza ke kAraNa usakI A~khoM se A~sU citrita zakuntalA ke gAla para Tapaka par3ate haiN| sAnumatI aura vidUSaka ko jo citra bilkula jIvanta lagatA hai, duSyanta kI bhAvabharI A~khoM meM vaha adhUrA hai, kyoMki pariveza ko mUrta karane vAlI bahuta sI bAteM abhI taka urehI nahIM gayI haiN| zakuntalA citra meM bhI sajIva tabhI lagegI jaba usakI pUrI pRSThabhUmi ubhregii| duSyanta ko lagatA hai isake lie to mAlinI nadI aMkita karanI hogI jisake retIle taTa para haMsa ke jor3e hoM, donoM ora himAlaya kI talahaTI meM hariNa baiThe hoM, eka aisA per3a ho jisa para valkala TaMge hoM aura jisake nIce eka hariNI apanI bAIM A~kha kRSNa mRga ke sIMga se ragar3a kara khujalA rahI ho kAryA saikatalIna haMsa mithunA srotovahA mAlinI, pAdAstAmabhito niSaNNahariNA gaurIguroH paavnaaH| zAkhAlambitavalkalasya ca tarornirmAtumicchAmyadhaH zRMge kRSNamRgasya vAmanayanaM kaNDUyamAnAM mRgiim||2 isameM kRSNa mRga ke sIMga se hariNI kA apanI bAIM A~kha khujalAnA atyaMta mArmika hai| duSyanta saMketita karanA cAhatA hai ki jisa tapovana meM itane ghane vizvAsa kA vAtAvaraNa thA ki sAmAnya hariNI taka ko yaha pakkA bodha thA ki jaba maiM apanI A~kha apane priya ke sIMga se lagA dUMgI aura khujalI miTAne lagUMgI, usakA sIMga hile-DulegA nahIM, merI A~kha ghAyala nahIM hogii| usa carama vizvAsa kI bhUmi para maiMne zakuntalA ke sAtha pravaMcanA kI, dhikkAra hai mujhe! viraha kI pIr3A ke sAtha-sAtha aparAdha bodha kI jo marmantuda vedanA duSyanta ko jhulasAtI hai, vahI usake kAma ko dagdha kara prema meM rUpAntarita karatI hai| rAja sulabha vilAsa bhAva bhasma ho jAtA hai pazcAttApa kI usa Aga meM aura tapta kAMcana kI taraha zakuntalA ke prati usakA saccA anurAga nikhara uThatA hai| vikramorvazIyam meM urvazI ke viyoga meM pururavA kA jo vilApa hai, unmatta vilApa, vAstava meM vahI vikramorvazIyam ko uccakoTi ke nATaka kA gaurava pradAna karatA hai| usa vilApa ke mAdhyama se kAlidAsa mAnava hRdaya ko prakRti ke sAtha eka karate haiN| unhoMne bAra-bAra nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki prakRti jar3a nahIM cetana hai| zakuntalA pati gRha jAne lagatI hai to tapovana kI sArI prakRti usako AzIrvAda detI hai, usako anekAneka upahAra detI hai aura usake Asanna viraha ke bodha se kAtara hokara AMsU bahAtI hai| usI cetana prakRti se pururavA bAra-bAra apanI priyA urvazI kA patA pUchatA hai| hAM, kAlidAsa ko bhI jJAta hai ki bahuta se aise paMDita haiM, jo prakRti ko cetana nahIM maante| unhIM ko santuSTa karane ke lie unhoMne 'meghadUta' meM likha diyA hai : kAmArtA hi prakRti kRpaNAzcetanAcetaneSu arthAt kAmAta kahAM bhedakara pAte haiM cetana aura acetana meN| megha hogA sthUla laukika dRSTi se dhUma, jyoti, salila aura maruta kA sampuJja kintu premI usameM apanI cetanA kA Aropa kara use cetanavat mAnakara usake dvArA apanI priyA ko sandeza bheja hI sakatA hai| yaha ramya kavi kalpanA Aja bhI sahRdaya mana ko mohatI hai| kaThina bauddhikoM ko taba bhI yaha bacakAnI lagatI hogI, Aja bhI laga sakatI hai| kintu pururavA to yakSa ko bhI pAra kara jAtA hai|apnii prakhara viraha-Arti hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 12
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________________ meM vaha eka-eka taru se, latA se, koyala se, haMsa se, gajarAja se, nirjhara se, nadI se apanI priyA ke bAre meM pUchatA phiratA hai| jarUra unhoMne vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA AdhAra liyA hogaa| bAda meM tulasI ke rAma bhI latA, taru-pAMtI se, khaga, mRga madhukara zreNI se mRganayanI sItA kA sandhAna pUchate citrita kiye gaye haiM bhAratIya cita sahaja hI svIkAra kara letA hai isa mana:sthiti kI kAruNikatA ko aura eka dRSTi se isakI saMgati ko bhI yadi hama eka hI cetanA ko vizva brahmANDa meM prasArita mAnate haiM, to phira ye tarulatA, khaga mRga kyoM nahIM vyAkula premI hRdaya kI pIr3A ke prati sahAnubhUti sampanna ho sakate, bola na pAne kI vivazatA dUsarI bAta hai| | Aha, kaisI AzukopI thI pururavA kI priyA urvazI Akhira kyA aparAdha thA pururavA kA ? yahI ki usane vidyAdhara kanyA udayavatI ko eka najara dekha liyA thaa| 'najara Akhira najara hai, beirAdA uTha gayI hogI' ! para mAninI urvazI ko yaha asahya thaa| rAjA ke anunaya-vinaya ko ThukarA kara krodhavaza kArtikeya ke vidhAna kA ullaMghana kara vaha kumAravana meM praviSTa huI aura zApavaza latA bana gyii| apane aparAdha kA itanA kaThora daMDa pAkara pururavA udbhrAnta ho gayA / kAlidAsa ne nepathya gItoM ke mAdhyama se pururavA kI manaHsthitiyoM ko saMketita karane kI apUrva kuzalatA dikhAyI hai| priyA viraha kI yaMtraNA se unmAda grasta gajarAja kI bhAMti pururavA caturtha aMka meM maMca para AtA hai| usakA sArA vyavahAra unmattavat hai / usakI hRdayadrAvI viraha pIr3A apanI priyA kA sAhacarya punaH prApta karane kI AturatA meM samajha hI nahIM pAtI hai ki vaha priyA kA patA kisase pUche aura kisase na puuche| kabhI kAle bAdaloM meM camakatI bijalI aura usase barasatI vAridhArA ko dekhakara use bhrama hotA hai ki koI rAkSasa bANa barasAte hue usakI priyA ko hara kara le jA rahA hai aura kabhI kandalI ke jala bhare lAla-lAla phUla use apanI priyA ke krodhAraNa, adhusikta netroM kA smaraNa karA dete haiN| kAlidAsa ne isa pUre viraha prakaraNa ke dvArA puruSa hRdaya ke AvegapUrNa, Akula-vyAkula, uphanate hue unmadhita prema ko aMkita kiyA hai| pururavA ke viraha meM yadi bhAdoM kI pagalAyI nadI kA hara-harAtA prakhara pravega hai to aja ke viraha meM lohe ko pighalA dene vAle ghanIbhUta tApa kA antardAha / nArada jI kI vINA se khisaka kara girI mAlA ke AghAta se jaba indumatI kI mRtyu ho gayI taba apanI sahaja dhIratA kA tyAga kara aja krandana kara utthe| na kevala aja kA vilApa, usakA paravarttI AvaraNa bhI indumatI ke prati usakI 'bhAvanibandhanA rati kA mArmika pramANa hai| use lagatA hai ki yaha mAlA aisI krUra bijalI kI taraha girI jisane taru ko to tilatila kara dahane ke lie achUtA chor3a diyA, kintu usase lipaTI huI latA ko jalA diyA nirjIva indumatI kI phUloM se guMthI, bhauroM ke samAna kAlI laTeM jaba vAyu vega se hila uThatI thIM to aja ko lagatA thA ki zAyada vaha jI uThe kintu vaha apratibodhazAyinI priyA to sadA ke lie jA mukI thI jo kabhI na lauTane vAlI ho, vahI to atyantagatA kahalAtI hai| hAM, vaha apane bahuta se muga yahAM 1 hIraka jayantI smArikA kI prakRti ko dAna kara gayI hai kintu samagra kI viraha vyathA kyA aMzoM ke sahAre jhelI jA sakatI hai| aja ko ThIka hI lagatA hai ki kevala vahI nahIM aura bhI bahutere indumatI ke isa apratyAzita bhAva se cale jAne se tilamilA uThe haiN| vaha ulAhanA detA huA sA kaha uThatA hai, priye indumatI ! tumhIM ne to isa Amra vRkSa ke sAtha usa priyaMgulatA vivAha kA saMkalpa kiyA thA, ve aba bhI pratIkSArata haiM / tumhAre komala padApAta se phUla uThane vAlA azoka vRkSa sazoka hokara ro rahA hai, yaha adhaguMthI maulasirI kI mAlA pUrI honA cAhatI hai, tumhAre sukha-duHkha kI sahacarI sakhiyAM, pratipadA ke candramA ke sadRzavardhanazIla tumhArA yaha putra aura maiM tumhArA ekaniSTha premI hama saba tumhAre isa niSThura prayANa se marmAhata haiN| para mRtyu bhI kabhI kisI kA anunaya-vinaya sunatI hai| aja kaha uThatA hai, isa niSkaruNa mRtyu ne indumatI ke bahAne merA saba kucha hara liyA kyoMki vahI to merI gRhiNI thI, saciva thI, aikAntika sakhI thI, lalita kalAoM meM merI priya ziSyA thI usake cale jAne se merA dhairya chUTa gayA, prIti cuka gayI, gAna vAdya nirasta ho gaye, RtueM utsavahIna ho gayI, AbharaNa niSprayojana ho gaye, zaiyA sUnI ho gayI ! priya ko hI sarvasva mAnane vAle prAmANika prema kI virahAnubhUti ko jhalakAne vAle ye zloka Aja bhI viraha kI kasauTI bane hue haiMdhRtirastamitA ratizcyutA virataM geyamRturnirutsava: / gatamAbharaNaprayojanaM parizUnyaM zayanIyamadya me| " gRhiNI, saciva:, sakhI mithaH priyaziSyA lalite kalAvidhau karuNAvimukhena mRtyunA haratA tvAM vada kiM na me hRtam // 24 svAbhAvika hI thA ki aja ke vilApa se dravita hokara AsapAsa ke vRkSa bhI apanI zAkhAoM se rasa srAva kara rone lage / kAlidAsa ke sAhitya meM prakRti sarvatra mAnava kI saMvedanazIla sahacarI ke rUpa meM hI aMkita huI hai| indumatI kA kriyAkarma kara jaba aja nagara meM praviSTa hue to prAtaH kAlIna niSprabha candramA ke samAna unake viyoga vidhura mukha ko dekhakara pauravadhuoM ke netroM se A~suoM kA pravAha phUTa pdd'aa| guru vaziSTha ke sAntvanAdAyI jJAna sandeza ke samaya aja natamastaka to rahe kintu usako pUrI taraha svIkAra nahIM kara paaye| kAlidAsa ne likhA hai ki isa upadeza ko vahana karane vAle vaziSTha jI ke ziSya ko aja ne isa prakAra vidA kiyA mAno apane zokapUrNa hRdaya meM sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa usa upadeza ko hI lauTA diyaa| para unakA vizuddha prema unake karttavya meM bAdhaka nahIM bnaa| ATha varSoM taka ve apane kizora putra dazaratha ke yuvA hone kI pratIkSA karate rahe, usako rAjadharma kI zikSA dete rhe| priyA ke viraha zoka kI barchA se viddha hRdaya liye ye ATha varSa unhoMne vyaktigata jIvana meM kATe priyA indumatI kA citra dekha dekhakara, svapnoM usakA kSaNika samAgama lAbhakara ! tadanantara putra ko siMhAsana para baiThAkara anazana kara paraloka meM priyA se milane kI kAmanA liye aja ne zarIra tyAga diyaa| prema aura karttavya donoM ke nirvAha kA aisA marmasparzI udAharaNa vizva sAhitya meM virala hai| vidvat khaNDa / 13
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________________ ekaniSThA ke samakSa zivajI ko bhI jhukanA pdd'aa| pArvatI kA prema sArthaka huaa| use mahAdeva ke sadRza pati milA aura unakA lokottara divya prema bhii| zivajI ke krodhAnala se kAmadeva ko bhasma hotA dekhakara rati mUrchita ho gayI thii| jaba vaha saceta huI taba taka mahAdeva antardhAna ho cuke the aura pArvatI ko usake pitA himAlaya le jA cuke the| sadyaH vidhavA huI rati apane pati tribhuvana jayI pati, kamanIya kalevara kAmadeva ke sthAna para puruSAkRti rAkha kI Dhera dekhakara vihvala ho dharatI para loTane lagI, usake bAla bikhara gaye, usakA kAtara krandana sunakara mAno vanabhUmi bhI rone lgii| use lagA ki usakA hRdaya atyanta kaThora hai, priyatama kI yaha sthiti dekhakara bhI abhI taka vaha vidIrNa nahIM huaa| vaha kAmadeva ko sambodhita karate hue kahane lagI ki maiMne to tumheM apane prANa sauMpa diye the, phira tuma setubandha ko tor3akara jala pravAha jisa taraha kamalinI ko pIche chor3akara tvarita baha jAtA hai, usI taraha mujhe chor3akara kahAM cale gye| tuma to kahA karate the ki maiM tumhAre hRdaya meM basatI hUM, lagatA hai vaha kevala chala thA, upacAra mAtra thaa| nahIM to batAo tuma to jalakara aMgahIna... anaMga ho gaye aura maiM abhAgina jyoM kI tyoM raha gyii| yadi maiM sacamuca tumhAre hRdaya meM basI hotI to tumhAre sAtha jalakara mujhe bhI rAkha ho jAnA cAhie thaa| bar3I pIr3A se bharI ukti hai yaha, jo priyatama ke kathana kI lAkSaNikatA ko abhidhA meM badala denA cAhatI nArI hRdaya kI viraha-vedanA bhI kAlidAsa ne bahuta sajaga, bahuta saMvedanazIla lekhanI se aMkita kI hai| vaise to nara aura nArI donoM ke hRdayoM meM prema kA prasphuTana bahuta sI bAtoM meM samAna hI hotA hai phira bhI donoM meM zIlagata kucha antara hotA hI hai| kAlidAsa ne puruSa kI tulanA meM nArI kA prema adhika maryAdita aura niSThAyukta citrita kiyA hai| tadanurUpa usake viraha varNana meM bhI adhika gaMbhIratA dRSTigocara hotI hai| kAlidAsa ne duSyanta, pururavA ke viraha varNana meM unheM apane aparAdha ke prati pazcAttApa parAyaNa bhI aMkita kiyA hai| yaha niSThA hInatA janya aparAdha bodha kAlidAsa ke kisI nArI pAtra ke viraha varNana meM nahIM hai| hAM, apane saundarya ke prati abhimAna kA tathA premagarvitA kI bhUmikA meM pati para kiye gaye praNaya zAsana kA aparAdha bodha jarUra unakI virahakAtara uktiyoM ko aura marmasparzitA pradAna karatA hai| pArvatI ko apane saundarya-sAmarthya kA ucita gaurava bodha thaa| jaba unhoMne dekhA ki unakA saundarya kAmadeva ke pUre sahayoga ke bAvajUda zivajI ke hRdaya para bahuta halkA prabhAva hI DAla sakA aura usase kSubdha hue zivajI ne kAmadeva ko bhasma hI kara diyA, taba unhoMne apane saundarya ko dhikkArA aura yaha svIkAra kara liyA ki mahAdeva kA prema kevala saundarya ke bala para nahIM pAyA jA sakatA... vaha vastuta: 'arUpahArya' hai| saca to yaha hai ki unheM bhI isa durghaTanA ke bAda hI prema ke aura gahare pakSa kA anubhava huaa| kAlidAsa ke anusAra zivajI ke Upara calAyA gayA kAmadeva kA bANa unakI huMkAra se Dara kara lauTA aura kAmadeva ke bhasma ho jAne ke bAvajUda vaha pArvatI ke hRdaya ko kSata-vikSata kara gyaa| usase dhadhakI viraha jvAlA ko zamita karane meM lalATa evaM mastaka para candana kA pragAr3ha pralepa evaM tuSArAcchAdita zilA para zayana bhI asamartha siddha hue| apane rUMdhe hue gale se jaba pArvatI ziva caritra ke gIta gAne lagatI taba usa karuNa svaralaharI ko sunakara vanavAsinI kinnara rAjakanyAeM ro par3atI thiiN| ziva ke dhyAna meM DUbI pArvatI sapane bhI zivajI ke hI dekhA krtii| muzkila se eka kSaNa ke lie AMkha lagane para svapna meM sAtha chor3akara jAte hue zivajI ko dekhakara pArvatI cauMkakara uThatI aura kahAM jA rahe ho nIlakaMTha! kahakara unake kaMTha meM apanI bAhueM DAlakara unheM rokane kA prayAsa krtii| apane hI banAye hue zaMkara ke citra ko vAstavika mAnakara unheM upAlaMbha dene lagatI ki vidvajana to tumheM sarvagata sarvajJa kahate haiM taba phira kaise tuma apane prema me DUbI isa jana kI pIr3A ko nahIM jAna pAte! adbhuta haiM ye donoM zloka :tribhAgazeSAsu nizAsu ca kSaNaM nimIlya netre sahasA vybudhyt| kva nIlakaNTha brajasItyalakSyavAgasatyakaNThArpita baahubndhnaa|| yadA budhaiH sarvagatastvamucyase na vetsi bhAvasthamimaM kathaM jnm| iti svahastollikhitazca mugdhayA rahasyupAlabhyata cndrshekhrH||25 ___ isI prakhara viraha vedanA ne pArvatI ko preraNA dI ki jise rUpa se nahIM rijhAyA jA sakA use sarva-samarpaNa-paraka tapasyA se prApta karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| pArvatI kI kaThina tapasyA aura usakI sahaja hRdaye vasasIti matpriyaM, yadavocastadavaimi kaitvm| upacArapadaM na cedidaM, tvamanaGgaH kathamakSatA ratiH / / 26 __ smRti hamAre hRdaya meM chipe hue bhAvoM ko kaise ujAgara karatI hai, isakA eka atyanta prabhaviSNu udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai kAlidAsa ne rati ke eka kathana ke dvArA! jisake prati kisI kA sahaja prema hotA hai, vaha dUsare kAma karatA huA bhI bIca-bIca meM anAyAsa hI use dekha letA hai| yaha svAbhAvika prakriyA binA kucha kahe hRdaya ke prema ko vyakta kara detI hai| rati ko yAda AtA hai ki kAmadeva jaba goda meM dhanuSa rakhakara basanta se haMsa-haMsakara bAteM karatA rahatA thA, apane bANa sIdhe karatA rahatA thA taba bIca-bIca meM nayanoM kI koroM se mujhe dekha bhI liyA karatA thARjutAM nayata: smarAmi te shrmutsnggnissnnnndhnvnH| madhunA saha sasmitAM kathAM nayanopAntavilokitaM ca tat / / 27 tulasI ne vana gamana ke samaya rAma-sItA ke prema kI eka aisI hI jhalaka dI hai| grAma vadhue~ lakSya karatI haiM ki vanamArga meM jAte samaya rAma svAbhAvika rUpa se bAra-bAra sItA kI ora dekha lete haiN| ve rAma ke isa sahaja snehapUrNa AcaraNa para mugdha hotI haiM aura jAnate hue bhI ki unase sItA kA kyA sambandha hai isa sRSTi ke lie pUcha hI to letI sAdara bArahiM bAra subhAya citai tuma tyoM hamaro mana mohaiN| pUchata grAmabadhU siya soM, kaho sAMvare se sakhi rAvare ko haiM ?28 hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 14
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________________ kAlidAsa ne apane laghu mAnasa meM asIma jaga ko AmaMtrita kiyA hai ki hama saba unakI anubhUta viraha vedanA se gujara kara apanI saundarya cetanA ko, apanI prema-cetanA ko pavitra kareM, unheM tapa ke dvArA zuddha kareM aura vAstavika premI hone kI sAdhanA meM pravRtta hoN| yaha to sahaja prema kA anajAnA, prayAsa-nirapekSa vyavahAra hai, jaba-taba anya kAryoM ke bIca bhI priya ko svAbhAvika rUpa se dekha lenA evaM usake mAdhyama se usa taka apanA prema pahuMcA denA! isakI madhuratA ko premI hRdaya bhalIbhAMti jAnate haiN| isIlie rati ne apane priya ke isa vyavahAra ko yAda rakhA hai| usa prANazoSI viraha meM bhI apane prati kAmadeva ke sacce prema ko vyakta karane ke lie vaha isa madhura prakriyA kA ullekha karatI hai| apane priyatama ke sakhA vasanta kA smaraNa Ate hI rati ko isa kaThina samaya meM usakI anupasthiti khalatI hai aura vaha vyAkula hokara kaha uThatI hai, kahIM vasanta bhI to mahAdeva kI krodhAgni se bhasma nahIM ho gyaa| yaha sunate hI vasanta use AzvAsana dene ke lie vahAM upasthita hotA hai| use dekhate hI rati kA zoka aura bhar3aka uThatA hai| vaha chAtI pITa-pITakara, phUTa-phUTakara, phaphaka-phaphaka kara rone lagatI hai| kAlidAsa kI saTIka TippaNI hai, duHkha meM apane svajana ko dekhate hI duHkha usI prakAra vega se nikalane lagatA hai mAno dera se rukI huI jalarAzi ko bAhara nikalane ke lie khulA dvAra mila gayA hotamavekSya saroda sA bhRzaM stanasambAdhamuro jaghAna c| svajanasya hi duHkhamagrato vivRtdvaarmivopjaayte||29 isa manovaijJAnika ukti kI satyatA svataH pramANita hai| Ahata hRdaya jaba apane kisI sacce svajana kA sAnnidhya pAtA hai to apanI pIr3A usake sAtha bAMTa lenA cAhatA hai| ___ kyA kAlidAsa ne bhI apanI viraha vedanA apane zrotAoM-pAThakoM ke sAtha bAMTa lenI cAhI thI? kauna jAne! para yaha to nirvivAda hai hI ki kAlidAsa ne viraha vedanA ke mArmika anubhavoM kI jo kalAdIpta, samartha vyaMjanA kI hai, vaha sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI amUlyanidhi hai| milanajanya sukha kabhI-kabhI aisA ho sakatA hai ki dUsare ko IrSyAnvita kare kintu virahajanya duHkha? vaha yadi saccA hai aura use yadi sahI DhaMga se vyakta kiyA gayA hai to kabhI aisA nahIM hotA ki dUsare ke hRdaya ko urvara na kara de| mahAdevI varmA ne ThIka hI likhA haidukha ke pada chU bahate jhara-jhara, kaNa-kaNa se AMsU ke nirjhara, ho uThatA jIvana mRdu, urvara, laghu mAnasa meM vaha asIma jaga ko AmaMtrita kara laataa| sandarbha - nirdeza 1 nAgArjuna : cunI huI racanAeM khaMDa-2 pR. 25 2 raghuvaMzam 8/52 3 vahIM 1/8 4 meghadUtam pUrvamegha: 27 5 kumArasaMbhavam 5/2 6 vahI 5/53 7 mahAdevI sAhitya khaMDa-3 pR. 464 8 kumArasaMbhavam 5/86 1raghuvaMzam 8/56 10 Adhunika kavi (2) sumitrAnanda panta, kavi kI hastalipi 11 raghuvaMzam 8/60 12 meghadUtam uttara megha: 55 13 kumArasaMbhavam 5/1 14 kAlidAsa kI lAlitya yojanA pR. 69 15 meghadUtam pUrva megha: 31 16 saMcayitA-mAnasI pR. 285 17 meghadUtam uttara megha: 22 18 vahI 46 19 raghuvaMzam 8/59 20 vikramorvazIyam 4/52 21 abhijJAnazAkuntalam 6/9 22 vahI 6/17 23 meghadUtam pUrva megha: 5 24 raghuvaMzam 8/66-67 25 kumArasaMbhavam 5/57-58 26 vahI4/9 27 vahI4/23 28 kavitAvalI 2/21 29 kumArasaMbhavam 4/26 30 Adhunika kavi (1) mahAdevI varmA gIta 17 hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 15