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________________ kabIra aura maraNa-tatva "jIvana mRtaka ko aMga" meM kabIra ne kahA hai ki yadi koI maranA jAnatA ho to jIvana se bhararaNa zreSTha hai / jo mRtyu se pahale mara jAte haiM, ve kaliyuga meM ajara-amara ho jAte haiM / jIvana the mariboM bhalo, jo mari jAneM koi / marane pahale je mareM to kali ajarAvara hoi / 8 // ___isI prakAra virodhAbhAsa kA Azraya lete hue unhoMne murde dvArA kAla ke khAye jAne kI bAta kahI hai: eka acaMbhA dekhiyA, mar3A kAla koM khAi // 4 // nizcaya hI kabIra kA tAtparya yahAM jIvanamukta se hai jise apane jIvana-kAla meM hI mukti prApta ho jAtI hai| kabIra ne guru dvArA "sabada-bANa" calAye jAne ke prasaMga meM bhI ziSya ke dharAzAyI hone aura usake kaleje meM chidra ho jAne kI bAta kahI hai :--- satagura sAcA sUrivAM, sabada ju bAhyA eka / lAgata hI bhe mili gayA, paDyA kaleje cheka // 4 // (sabada ko aMga ) Age cala kara "sUrAtana ko aMga" meM yaha nirguNa saMta usa maraNa kI abhilASA karatA hai jisake dvArA vaha "pUrana paramAnanda" ke darzana kara sakegA jisa maraneM the jaga Dare, so mere prAnanda / kaba marihUM kaba dekhihUM, pUrana paramAnanda // 13 // kabIra kI dRSTi meM prema ke ghara meM praveza tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba sAdhaka apanA sira utAra kara hAtha meM le letA hai athavA use pairoM ke nIce rakha detA hai :
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________________ DA. kanhaiyAlAla sahala kabIra yaha ghara prema kA, khAlA kA ghara nAMhi / sIsa utArai hAthi kari, so paise ghara mAMhi // 16 // kabIra nija ghara prema kA, mAraga agama agAdha / sIsa utAri paga tali dharai, taba nikaTi prema kA svAda // 20 // isI prakAra nimnalikhita sAkhiyoM meM bhI prakArAntara se zIza utAra kara dene kI bAta kahI sIsa kATi pAsaMga diyA, jova sarabhari lInha / jAhi bhAve so pAi lyau, prema pATa hama kInha // 22 // sUre sosa utAriyA, chAr3I tana ko pAsa / prAgeM theM hari mulakiyA, pAvata dekhyA dAsa // 23 // kabIra kI mAnyatA hai ki prema na to kisI kheta meM utpanna hotA hai aura na kisI bAjAra meM bikatA hai| rAjA-prajA koI ho, ise to zIzadAna dvArA hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai : prema na khetoM nIMpaje, prema na hATi bikaai| rAjA parajA jisa ruce, sira de so le jAI // 21 // jAyasI ne bhI apane "padmAvata" meM sira kATa kara rakha dene kI bAta kahI hai :--- sAdhana siddhI na pAina, jau lahi sAdhana tappa / soI jAnahiM vApure jo sira kahiM kalappa // (prema khaNDa) pema pahAra kaThina vidhi gar3hA / so paM car3ha sIsa soM cddh'aa| jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai, saMskRta-sAhitya meM aisA koI prasaMga upalabdha nahIM hotA jahAM maraNa ko isa prakAra kAmya aura spRhaNIya mAnA gayA ho| zrI dinakara ke zabdoM meM "mRtyu ko kAmya mAnane kA bhAva bhAratIya sAhitya meM kabIra ke pahale nahIM milatA hai| vaha deza nivRttivAdI thaa| yahAM ke darzanAcArya loka ko asatya aura paraloka ko satya batAte the| lekina, isa darzana kA sahArA lekara kabIra se pahale ke kisI bhI bhAratIya kavi ne yaha nahIM kahA thA ki cUMki paraloka satya aura loka asatya hai, isalie sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha, zIghra se zIghra, mRtyu ko prApta ho jaay|" bahuta sambhava hai, jaisA zrI dinakara kahate haiM, mRtyu bhaya kI vastu nahIM, vaha spRhaNIya hai, kAmya hai, isa bhAva kA pracalana bhAratIya sAhitya meM sUphI paramparA ke prabhAva se bar3hA hai| sUphiyoM kA darzana yaha thA ki jIva brahma se bichur3a kara jIva huA hai| jaba se jIva brahma se alaga huA, tabhI se vaha viyoga meM hai / isa viyoga kI samApti taba hogI, jaba jIva zarIra se nikala kara svatantra ho jAyagA / jIva kI sthiti
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________________ kabIra aura maraNa-tatva viraha kI sthiti hai, yaha dArzanika siddhAnta thaa| jaba isa viraha kI vedanAoM kA varNana kalpanA kI bhASA meM kiyA jAne lagA, sAdhaka isa viraha kI samApti ke lie becaina ho uThe aura usake aneka mArgoM meM se eka mArga unheM mRtyu meM bhI dikhAI dene lgaa| x ___ Age calakara madhyayugIna rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM avazya hI maraNa kA mahotsava ke rUpa meM citraNa kiyA gayA jisase "maraNa-tyauhAra" rAjasthAnI kA eka kahAvato padAMza hI bana gayA / jo madhyayugIna yoddhA deza tathA dharma kI rakSA ke lie yuddha-bhUmi meM apane prANoM ko nyochAvara kara dete the, unakA vizvAsa thA ki isake pariNAma svarUpa ve apsarAoM ke sAtha svarga-sukha kA upabhoga kreNge| mahAbhArata meM bhI isa prakAra ke yoddhA ko "sUrya maMDala bhedI" kI saMjJA dI gaI hai :--- dvAvimau puruSo loke sUryamaNDala bhedinI / parivADa yogayuktazca raNo yazcAmukhe hataH / / prasAda ke "candragupta" nATaka kI alakA ke nimnalikhita udbodhana meM bhI ukta vizvAsa kI hI abhivyakti huI hai : "bhAI ! takSazilA merI nahIM aura tumhArI bhI nahIM ; takSazilA AryAvarta kA eka bhU-bhAga hai ; vaha AryAvarta kI hokara hI rahe, isake lie mara mitto| phira usake kaNoM meM tumhArA hI nAma aMkita hogaa| mere pitA svarga meM indra se pratispardhA kreNge| vahAM kI apsarAe vijayamAlA lekara khar3I hoMgI, sUryamaNDala mArga banegA aura ujjvala prAloka se maNDita hokara gAMdhAra kA rAjakula amara ho jaaygaa|" gItA meM bhI isa prakAra ke yuddha ko "svargadvAramapAvRtam"-khulA huA svargadvAra kahA gayA hai / kintu kabIra Adi santoM ne aneka ullAsoktiyoM dvArA jisa maraNa ko kAmya ThaharAyA hai, vaha avazya hI uparokta yuddhajanyamaraNa se bhinna hai / isa sambandha meM gorakhanAtha kI eka ukti lIjie : "marau ve jogI marau, maraNa hai mIThA / tisa maraNIM marau, jisa maraNoM gaurakha mari dIThA // arthAt he jogI ! maro, maranA mIThA hotA hai / kintu vaha mauta maro jisa mauta se marakara gorakhanAtha ne paramatatva ke darzana kiye / prazna yaha hai ki vaha maraNa kaunasA hai jisake dvArA paramatatva ke darzana hone se maraNa kA hI maraNa ho jAtA hai ? Upara "sabada-bANa" ke calAne se ziSya kI maraNa-dazA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / gorakhanAtha ne bhI musalamAna kAjI ko samajhAte hue kahA thA ki muhammada ke hAtha meM jo talavAra thI, vaha lohe yA phaulAda kI banI huI nahIM thI, vaha prema athavA "sabada" kI talavAra thI: mahamada mahamada na kara kAjI, mahamada kA viSama vicAraM / mahamada hAthi karada je hotI, lohe gar3hI na sAraM / / x sAhitya aura bhASA para islAma kA prabhAva (zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara) pariSad-patrikA, varSa-2, aMka-2, pR0 33-35 /
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________________ 38 DaoN. kanhaiyAlAla sahala mahArASTra ke prasiddha santa tukArAma ne maraNa-dazA ke pratyakSIkaraNa kA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM varNana kiyA hai -- pApule maraNa pAhile myA DolA, to jhAlA sAhelA anupama / prAnande dATalI tinhIM tribhuvane, sarvAtmaupaNe bhoga jhaalaa| ekadezI ho to ahaMkAre prAthilA tyAcyA tyAge jhAlA sukAla hA / phiTale sutaka janmA maragAMce, bho mAjhyA saMkoce dUra jhaalo| nArAyaNe dilA vasatIsa ThAva, ThevoniyA bhAva Thelo paayii| tukA mhaNe dile umaTUnI jagI, ghetale te aMgI lAvUniyA / / arthAt- aAja apane divya netra se hamane apanI maraNa-dazA kA pratyakSIkaraNa kiyA / yaha eka anupama Ananda mahotsava huaaa| tInoM bhUvana prAnanda se bhare haiM, Aja hameM sarvAtmabhAva se unakA bhoga huaa| Aja taka dehAbhimAna se hama ekadezI bana baiThe the, usa ahaM bhAva kA tyAga hote hI sarvAtmabhAva kA udaya huA / aAnandamaya rUpa cAroM ora khula gayA / janma-maraNa paramparA kA azuci-sambandha TUTa gyaa| aba hamAre lie paricchinna bhAva kahIM raha hI nhiiN| bhagavAna ne hamako apane yathArtha rUpa meM rahane ke lie vizAla jagaha dii| aba hameM bhagavAna ke caraNoM ke sivAya aura koI nahIM dekha pdd'taa| tukArAma kahate haiM ki yaha to hamArA aparicchinna Anandamaya nitya rUpa prakaTa huA, vahI hama haiM-yaha nizcaya aba trikAla meM bhI malina nahIM ho sktaa| tukArAma kI ukta vANI se siddha hai ki santa logo ne jisa maraNa kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha zarIratyAga nahIM hai, zarIrAbhimAna kA tyAga hai / yaha vastutaH saMkucita ahaM kA maraNa hai jisake dvArA sAdhaka ucca bhAva-bhUmi para pratiSThita hokara svarUpAnanda kA lAbha prApta karatA hai| yahAM yaha bhalI bhAMti spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki yaha maraNa sAmAnya maraNa nahIM hai, isa maraNa ke dvArA bhautika astitva kI samApti nahIM ho jAtI / yaha maraNa eka prakAra se "jIvanmaraNa athavA jIvanmukti" hai| . jaisA Upara kahA gayA hai, saMskRta sAhitya meM maraNa kA jaya jayakAra na hokara amaratA kA hI jaya jayakAra huA hai / maitreyI ne bhI yAjJavalkya se kahA thA, "kiM tenA'haM kuryAm yenA' haM nA' mRtA syAm / arthAta usako lekara maiM kyA karUM jisase mujhe amaratva na mile / kintu kabIra ne apanI sAkhiyoM meM maraNa kA jisa ullAsapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai aura gorakha ne 'maraNa hai mIThA' kaha kara jisake mAdhurya kA bakhAna kiyA hai, usakI chaTA nirAlI hai / ahaM bhAva kA maraNa athavA nAza hone se hI sAdhaka apane rUpa meM sthita ho pAtA hai, use apane svarUpa kI upalabdhi ho pAtI hai aura apane svarUpa kI upalibdha kise madhura na lagegI? santoM kA yaha maraNa vAstava meM prAtmasAkSAtkAra kA sAdhana hai aura AtmasAkSAtkAra kI sthiti meM pahacane para to mRtyu kI bhI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / isIlie kabIra ne to yahAM taka kaha diyA thA hama na marihaiM, marihai sNsaaraa| hamako milA jilAvanahArA // " ravi bAbU ne mRtyu ke sambandha meM jo kucha likhA hai, usase mRtyu gauravAnvita huI hai| mRtyu kI vibhISikAoM se ve kabhI vicalita nahIM hue| unakA kahanA thA ki mRtyu jisa dina mere dvAra para AegI, maiM use khAlI nahIM jAne duuNgaa| apane jIvana kA amola ratna (prAraNa) maiM use upahAra meM de duuNgaa|
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________________ kabIra aura maraNa-tatva janma-maraNa ke sambandha meM kahI haI kabIra kI nimnalikhita ukti ko ravi bAbU ne bar3I camatkArapUrNa kahA thA "janama pro mararaNa bIca dekha antara nahIM daccha au bAma yU eka praahii| kahe kabIra yA saMna gUgA taI veda prau kAteba ko gamya nAhIM // hindI-sAhitya meM bhI kAmAyanI ke manu ne "mRtyu parI cira-nidra! terA aMka himAnI-sA zItala" kaha kara mRtyu ke sambandha meM apane udgAra prakaTa kiye the| zrImatI mahAdevI varmA ne bhI "amaratA hai jIvana kA hrAsa, mRtyu jIvana kA carama vikAsa" dvArA mRtyu kA jaya jayakAra hI kiyA hai| yadi paMtajI ke zabdoM meM "jIvana-naukA kA vihAra cira janma-maraNa ke pArapAra" hai to mRtyu pUrNa virAma bhale hI na ho, vaha navIna prasthAna ke lie Avazyaka virAma to hai hii| eka bAra kisI ne kAkA kAlelakara se pUchA ki bhagavAna ne agara mRtyu chIna lI aura Apako ajara-amara banA diyA to Apa kyA kareMge? yaha suna kara unhoMne uttara diyA, "isa jIvana kA anta hote vAlA nahIM hai, aisA Dara agara mere mana meM chA gayA to maiM itanA ghabarA jAUMgA ki usa saMkaTa se bacane ke lie maiM prAtma-hatyA hI kruuNgaa| maiM to mAnatA hU~ ki khudA kI agaNita nyAmatoM meM sabase zreSTha hai mauta / maiM nahIM mAnatA ki parama dayAlU paramAtmA marane ke hamAre adhikAra se hameM naMcita kregaa|"x ___ Upara ke uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki Adhunika yuga meM aise kavi aura vicAraka to hue haiM jinhoMne mRtyu ko varadAna ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai kintu jisa maraNa ko unhoMne varadAna ke rUpa meM dekhA hai, vaha maraNa kabIra Adi nirguNa santoM dvArA nirUpita maraNa nahIM hai| kabIra tathA anya santoM dvArA vivecita maraNa-tatva eka prakAra se pratIkAtmaka hai aura apane DhaMga kA anUThA maraNa hai jisameM zarIra kA maraNa nahIM hotA, maraNa hotA hai bhautika vAsanAtroM kA aura vyakti ke kSudra saMkucita aham kaa| * xmIca sacamuca hai mIta (maMgala prabhAta, 1 apraila, 1965) * hindI ke yazasvI kavi zrI sumitrAnandana panta ne avazya apanI 'chAyA' zIrSaka kavitA meM prakArAntara se kabIra tathA anya saMtoM dvArA nirUpita maraNa se milate-julate vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| chAyA ke prati nimnalikhita kathana meM: hAM sakhi ! prAno bAMha khola hama laga kara gale jur3AleM prAraNa .. . phira tama tama meM maiM priyatama meM, ho jAve vrata aMtardhAna / chAyA rUpa sakhI se abhiprAya chAyArUpa jagata se hI hai jise kavi (AdhyAtmika jagata meM praveza se pahale) pyAra kara lenA cAhatA hai kyoMki AtmA ke priyatama meM mila jAne ke bAda phira chAyA se milanA kahAM hogA ? yahAM bhI aisA nahIM lagatA ki zArIrika maraNa hone para hI priyatama se milane kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai| phira bhI yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki maraNatatvaviSayaka saMta-zailI aura paMta-zailI meM paryApta antara hai / eka meM jahAM maraNollAsa kI abhivyakti huI hai to dUsarI meM priyatama se milana ke pUrva bhautika jagat ke AkarSaNajanya moha ko vANI dI gaI hai| -lekhaka