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________________ jyotiSkaraNDaka : eka adhyayana DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, jabalapura prakAzita paMcAzakAdi zIrSaka meM ise pUrvabhRd ratalAmakI zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA dvArA san 1928 meM zAstrasaMgrahameM jyotiSkaraNDaka nAmaka 176 gAthAoMkA eka grantha saMmilita hai / bAlabhya - prAcInatara AcArya racita kahA gayA hai arthAt isake racayitAkA nAma jJAta nahIM hai kintu ve balabhIvAcanA (pA~cavI sadI) se pUrvake AcArya the / prAraMbhika aura aMtima gAthAoM meM isakA AdhAra sUrapaNNa batAyA gayA hai / sunA hai ki isa para AcArya pAdalipta (dUsarI zatAbdI) ne TIkA likhI thI kintu ise dekhanekA saubhAgya nahIM milaa| isameM diyA gayA vivaraNa jaina sAhitya ke jyotiSa gaNitakA pratinidhi rUpa samajhA jA sakatA hai | yaha IsavI sanke ArambhakI pUrvakI avasthAkA paricAyaka hai kyoMki isameM bAraha rAziyoM tathA sAta bAroMkA koI ullekha nahIM hai tathA budha, zukra Adi grahoMkA bhI vivaraNa nahIM hai / kevala grahoMkI saMkhyA 88 hai, itanA ullekha hai / sUrya, candra aura nakSatroMse sambaMdhita jo vivaraNa isa grantha meM milatA hai, usakI vartamAna nirIkSaNoMse tulanA karanekA prayAsa yahA~ kiyA gayA hai / 1. sauravarSa : gAthA 40 meM sauravarSakI avadhi 366 dinarAta batAI gayI hai tathA gAthA 43 meM isake muhUrtta 10980 batAye gaye haiM (eka dina rAtameM 60 muhUrtta hote haiM arthAt eka muhUrtta meM do ghar3I yA 48 minaTa hote haiM) / vartamAna gaNanAke anusAra sauravarSa meM 365 dina aura 5,8 ghaMTe hote haiM / " gAthA 41 ke anusAra cAndravarSa meM 354 3 3 = 354.19 dina-rAta hote | vartamAna gaNanAke anusAra yaha avadhi 354.36 dina-rAta hai / 2. adhikamAsa : sauravarSa aura cAndravarSakA milAna karaneke lie prati tIsa cAndra mAsoM ke bAda eka adhikamAsa ginA jAtA thA, isa prakAra pA~ca saura varSoMmeM bAsaTha cAMndra mAsa hote the ( gAthA 93 aura 62 ) / isa paMcavarSIya yugakA Arambha zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadAse mAnA jAtA thA ( gAthA 55 ) tathA isake pahale, dUsare aura cauthe varSa cAndra kahalAte the evaM tIsare pA~cave varSa abhivardhita kahalAte the ( gAthA 50 ) / vartamAna gaNanAmeM adhikamAsa itanA niyamita nahIM hotA / jisa candramAsa meM sUryakA eka rAzise dUsarI rAzimeM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, use adhikamAsa kahA jAtA hai tathA jisa candramAsameM sUryakA do bAra rAzi saMkramaNa hotA hai, usameM kSaya mAsa bhI hotA hai / " isa gaNanAse 19 varSoMmeM sAta mAsa hote haiM / 3. tithigaNanA :- gAthA 105 ke anusAra pratyeka tithiko avadhi 2933 muhUrta hotI hai / dinarAta aura tithikA milAna karaneke lie varSA, hima aura grISmake pratyeka cAra mAsoMmeM tIsare aura sAtaveM pakSa caudaha dinake gine jAte the (bhAdrapada, kArtika, pauSa, phAlguna, vaizAkha aura ASAr3ha ke zukla pakSa 14 dinake the aura zeSa pakSa 15 dinake the ( gAthA 112 ) / vartamAna tithigaNanA itanI niyamita nahIM hai / 1. arvAcInaM jyotirvijJAnam ( ramAnAtha sahAya, vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, 1964), pR0 24 madrAsa 1922 ) ke pratyeka khaNDakI bhUmikA meM isakA saMkSipta 2. iNDiyana ephimerIja ( svAmikantu pille, spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai / - - 411 --
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________________ candra aura sUryakI dRzya sthitimeM 12 aMzake aMtara honekI avadhiko tithi kahA jAtA hai| candra aura pRthvIkI bhramaNa kakSAe~ dIrghavRttAkAra honese yaha avadhi kabhI eka dina-rAtase adhika bhI hotI hai| taba eka hI tithi do dinoMmeM honese tithikI vRddhi kahI jAtI hai tathA jaba koI tithi sUryodayake bAda kabhI Arambha hokara dUsare dinakA sUryodaya honeke pUrva hI samApta ho jAtI hai, taba usa tithikA kSaya kahA jAtA hai|' 4. candra aura sUrya vistAra :-gAthA 144 ke anusAra candrakA viSkambha (vyAsa) 5661 yojana tathA saryakA 48/61 yojana hai| koNamApaka yantroM aura trikoNamitike niyamoMke AdhAra para ko gaI vartamAna gaNanAke niSkarSa isa viSayameM bilakula bhinna hai| vartamAna gaNanAke anusAra candrakA vyAsa 2059,9 mIla tathA sUryakA vyAsa 864000 mIla hai / 5. sUryakI gati :-gAthA 196 ke anusAra sUryake vRttAkAra bhramaNa mArgakA nyUnatama 315089 yojana tathA adhikatama 318350 yojana hai| sUrya sATha muhUrtameM meru parvatakI eka parikramA pUrI karatA hai / ataH sUryakI prati muhUrta gati nyUnatama 525105 yojana evaM adhikatama 5306.8 yojana hotI hai| jise purAtana dhAraNAmeM sUryakI dainika gati kahA jAtA thA, use Adhunika dhAraNAmeM pRthavIkI apanI dhurI para ghUmanekI dainika gati kahA jAtA hai| bhUmadhyarekhA para yaha gati lagabhaga eka hajAra mIla prati ghaMTA (yA lagabhaga AThasau mIla prati muhUrta) AMkI gayI hai| vartamAna bhAratakA pUrvapazcima vistAra lagabhaga do hajAra mIla arthAt 250 yojana hai / purAtana gaNitake anusAra isakI pUrvasImA aura pazcima sImAke sUryodaya samayameM 1/20 muharta arthAt lagabhaga DhAI minaTakA antara honA caahie| vartamAna nirIkSaNoMmeM antara lagabhaga do ghaMTekA hai| 6. candra aura nakSatroMkA yoga :-candra ke bhramaNa mArga meM dikhane vAle 28 nakSatroMkI tArakAoMmeM paraspara aMtara adhika nahIM hai| pratyeka nakSatrase candrakA yoga kitanI avadhi taka rahatA hai, isakA vivaraNa gAthA 150-153 meM hai| isake anusAra zatabhiSa, bharaNI, ArdrA, AzleSA, svAti aura jyeSThA-ina nakSatroMmeM candra 15 muhUrta rahatA hai, uttarAphAlgunI, uttarASAr3hA, uttarAbhAdrapadA, punarvasu aura vizAkhAmeM candra 45 muhUrta rahatA hai tathA zeSa 15 nakSatroMmeM candrakA nivAsa 30 muhUrta hotA hai, sabase kama avadhi abhijita nakSatrakI hai jo eka dina-rAtakA saDasaThavA~ bhAga kahI gaI hai| vartamAna gaNanAmeM nakSatroMmeM candrake yogakI avadhimeM antara to hai, parantu vaha itanA adhika nahIM hai kyoMki grahabhramaNamArgake khagolavRttake sattAisa samAna vibhAga kara unheM nakSatra kahA gayA hai| abhijitako aba nakSatroMmeM nahIM ginA jaataa| nakSatrakA vistAra samAna mAnane para bhI candrakI bhramaNakakSA dIrghavRttAkAra honese pratyeka nakSatrase usake yogakA samaya kama adhika hotA hai / udAharArtha, isa 1979 ke bhAdrapada mAsameM nyUnatama samaya dhaniSThA nakSatrakA 20 ghaMTe 1. iNDiyana ephimerIja (svAmikannu pille, madrAsa 1922)ke pratyeka khaNDakI bhUmikAmeM isakA saMkSipta spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai| 2. arvAcInaM jyotivijJAnam, pR0 56 aura 97 3. bhAratakI pazcimI sImAkI dezAMtara rekhA 68 aMza aura pUrvI sImAkI 97 aMzakI hai, pratyeka aMzake sUryodayakA samaya usake pUrvavartI aMzake sUryodayake samayase cAra minaTa bAdakA hotA hai (jioNgraphI Apha iNDiyA-gopAla siMha, dillI 1976 tathA TippaNI 9,10 kA sandarbha)
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________________ 53 minaTa (lagabhaga 26 1/4 muhUrta) tathA adhikatama samaya maghA nakSatrakA 27 ghaMTe 2 minaTa (lagabhaga 33 3/4 muhUrta) hai|' 7. dinakI vRddhi hAni :-gAthA 305-310 ke anusAra dinarAtake tIsa muhUrtameM dina aura rAtakI avadhi badalanekA jo krama hai, usameM nyUnatama dina aura nyUnatama rAtrikI avadhimeM bAraha muhUrta aura adhikatama avadhi aThAraha muhUrta batAI gaI hai| Adhunika nApameM yaha kramasaH 9 ghaMTe 36 minaTa aura 14 ghaMTe 24 minaTa hotI hai| vartamAna nirIkSaNoMke anusAra dina aura rAtakA aMtara akSAMzoMke anusAra badalatA hai / yahA~ jo aMtara batAyA gayA hai, vaha vartamAna bhAratakI uttarIsImAke akSAMza 35 ke lie sahI hai / yaha nirIkSaNa usa samayakI ora saMketa karatA hai jaba usa pradezako rAjadhAnI takSazilA vidyAkA kendra thii| bhAratake madhyabhAgameM sthita jabalapurameM dina aura rAtakI nyUnatama aura adhikatama avadhi 10 ghaMTe 35 minaTa aura 13 ghaMTe 25 minaTa hai / isake dakSiNameM yaha aMtara aura kama hote hue bhumadhyarekhA para zUnya ho jAtA hai-vahA~ dina-rAta samAna hote haiN| uttarameM yaha aMtara bar3hate hue 66.6 akSAMza para 24 ghaMTe ho jAtA hai-vahA~ 22 janako 24 ghaMTekA dina aura 24 ghaMTekI rAta 22 disambarako hotI hai| uttarI aura dakSiNI dhruva para isase bhI adhika chaha mAsakA dina aura utanI hI bar3I rAta hotI hai| gAthA 194-195 ke anusAra sUryakA paribhramaNa mArga jambadvIpakI paridhike 180 yojana bhItara hai aura adhikatama paribhramaNa mArga jambU dvIpakI paridhike 330 yojana bAhara hai arthAt itane kSetrameM sUryakiraNa lambarUpa par3a sakate haiN| vartamAna gaNanAke anusAra, pRthavIke jisa kSetrameM sUryakiraNa laMbarUpa par3a sakate haiM, usakI uttara sImA karkavRtta aura dakSiNa sImA makaravRtta hai| karkavRtta bhAratake lagabhaga madhya meM hai jisakI dakSiNa samudra taTase dUrI lagabhaga eka hajAra mIla arthAt 125 yojana hai| makaravRtta isa dakSiNa samudra taTake dakSiNameM lagabhaga do hajAra mIlapara arthAt 250 yojanapara hai / karkavRtta para sUrya kiraNa lambarUpa par3ate haiM, usa dinase dakSiNAyana aura makaravattapara sUrya kiraNa lambarUpa par3ate haiM usa dinase uttarAyaNakA Arambha hotA hai| 1. ye nakSatroMkI avadhiyA~ zrI rAmacandra agravAlake jabalapura paMcAMgake anusAra haiM / 2. bhAratIya jyotiSakA itihAsa (gorakha prasAda, lakhanaU, 1956,1956), pR0 46 / vedAMga jyotiSa meM yahI avadhi milatI hai| 3. ye avadhiyA~ bhI zrI agravAlake paMcAMgake anusAra haiN| bhAratake vibhinna akSAMzoMmeM saryodaya samayake aMtarakI sAraNI svAmikantu pillaine iNDiyana ephimerIjake prathama khaMDameM dI hai| 4,5. bhugolake bhautika siddhAMta (e0 dAsagupta, dillI 1974), pR0 33 se 37 / -413 -