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________________ jIvana kI arthavattA : ahiMsA meM jaina-saMskRti kI mAnava-saMsAra ko jo sabase bar3I dena hai, vaha ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA yaha mahAn vicAra, jo Aja vizva kI zAnti kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana samajhA jAne lagA hai, aura jisakI amogha zakti ke sammukha saMsAra kI samasta saMhAraka zaktiyA~ kuNThita hotI dikhAI dene lagI hai; jaina-saMskRti kA prANa hai| jaina-dharma kA mUla AdhAra hai| duHkha kA udbhAvaka : manuSya : jaina-saMskRti kA mahAna saMdeza hai ki koI bhI manuSya samAja se sarvathA pRthaka raha kara apanA astitva kAyama nahIM rakha sakatA / samAja meM ghula-mila kara hI vaha apane jIvana kA Ananda uThA sakatA hai aura Asa-pAsa ke saMgI-sAthiyoM ko bhI uThane de sakatA hai| jaba yaha nizcita hai ki vyakti samAja se alaga nahIM raha sakatA; taba yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane hRdaya ko udAra banAe, vizAla banAe, virATa banAe~ aura jina logoM se khuda ko kAma lenA hai, yA jinako denA hai, unake hRdaya meM apanI ora se pUrNa vizvAsa paidA kre| jabataka manuSya apane pArvavartI samAja meM apanepana kA bhAva paidA na karegA, arthAt jaba taka dUsare loga usako apanA na samajheMge aura vaha bhI dUsaroM ko apanA na samajhegA, taba taka samAja kA kalyANa nahIM ho sktaa| manuSya-manuSya meM eka-dUsare ke prati avizvAsa hI azAnti aura vinAza kA kAraNa banA huA hai| saMsAra meM jo cAroM ora daHkha kA hAhAkAra hai, vaha prakRti kI aora se milane vAlA to bahuta hI sAdhAraNa hai| yadi antanirIkSaNa kiyA jAe, to prakRti, duHkha kI apekSA hamAre sukha meM hI adhika sahAyaka hai| vAstava meM jo kucha bhI Upara kA duHkha hai, vaha manuSya para manuSya ke dvArA hI lAdA huA hai| yadi hara eka vyakti apanI ora se dUsaroM para kie jAne vAle duHkha ke kAraNoM ko haTA le, to yaha saMsAra Aja hI naraka se svarga meM badala sakatA hai| sukha kA sAdhana 'sva' ko sImA: jaina-saMskRti ke mahAn saMskAraka antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne to rASTroM meM paraspara hone vAle yuddhoM kA hala bhI ahiMsA ke dvArA hI btlaayaa| unakA upadeza hai ki manuSya 'sva' kI sImA meM hI santuSTa rahe, 'para' kI sImA meM praviSTa hone kA kabhI bhI prayatna na kre| 'para' kI sImA meM praviSTa hone kA artha hai, dUsaroM ke sukha-sAdhanoM ko dekhakara lAlAyita honA aura unheM chInane kA duHsAhasa krnaa| jaba taka nadI apanI dhArA meM pravAhita hotI rahatI hai, taba taka usase saMsAra ko aneka prakAra ke lAbha milate rahate haiN| hAni kucha bhI nhiiN| jyoM hI vaha apanI sImA se haTakara Asa-pAsa ke pradeza para adhikAra jamA letI hai, bAr3ha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai, to saMsAra meM hAhAkAra maca jAtA hai, pralaya kA dRzya khar3A ho jAtA hai| yahI dazA manuSyoM kI hai| jaba taka saba ke saba manuSya apane-apane 'sva' meM hI pravAhita rahate haiM, taba taka kucha jIvana kI arthavattA : ahiMsA meM 256 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ azAnti nahIM hai| prazAnti aura vigraha kA vAtAvaraNa vahIM paidA hotA hai, jahA~ ki manuSya 'sva' se bAhara phailanA zurU karatA hai, dUsaroM ke adhikAroM ko kucalatA hai aura dUsaroM ke jIvanopayogI sAdhanoM para kabjA jamAne lagatA hai| prAcIna jaina-sAhitya uThAkara Apa dekha sakate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa dizA meM kitane bar3e stutya prayatna kie haiN| ve apane pratyeka gRhastha ziSya ko pA~caveM aparigrahavrata kI maryAdA meM sarvadA 'sva' meM hI sImita rahane kI zikSA dete haiN| vyApAra tathA udyoga Adi kSetroM meM unhoMne apane anuyAyiyoM ko apane nyAya prApta adhikAroM se kabhI bhI Age nahIM bar3hane diyaa| prApta adhikAroM se Age bar3hane kA artha hai, apane dUsare sAthiyoM ke sAtha saMgharSa meM utrnaa| jaina-saMskRti kA amara Adarza hai ki pratyeka manuSya apanI ucita AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie, apanI maryAdA meM rahate hue, ucita sAdhanoM kA hI prayoga kre| AvazyakatA se adhika kisI bhI sukha-sAmagrI kA saMgraha kara rakhanA, jaina-saMskRti meM corI mAnA jAtA hai| vyakti, samAja athavA rASTra kyoM lar3ate haiM ? isI anucita saMgraha-vRtti ke kAraNa / dUsaroM ke jIvana kI, jIvana ke sukha-sAdhanoM kI upekSA karake, manuSya kabhI bhI sukha-zAnti nahIM prApta kara sakatA / ahiMsA ke bIja aparigraha-vRtti meM hI DhuMDhe jA sakate haiN| eka apekSA se kaheM to ahiMsA aura aparigraha-vRtti donoM paryAyavAcI zabda hai| yuddha aura ahiMsA : AtmarakSA ke lie ucita pratikAra ke sAdhana juTAnA, jaina-dharma ke viruddha nahIM hai| parantu aAvazyakatA se adhika saMgRhIta evaM saMgaThita zakti avazya hI saMhAra-lIlA kA abhinaya karegI, ahiMsA ko maraNonmukhI bnaaegii| ataeva Apa Azcarya na kareM ki pichale kucha varSoM se jo zastra-saMnyAsa kA aAndolana cala rahA hai, pratyeka rASTra ko sImita yuddha sAmagrI rakhane ko kahA jA rahA hai, vaha jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne hajAroM varSa pahale calAyA thaa| Aja jo kAma kAnUna tathA saMvidhAna ke dvArA liyA jA rahA hai, una dinoM vaha upadeza dvArA liyA jAtA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM ko jaina-dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA aura unheM niyama karAyA gayA thA ki ve rASTrarakSA ke kAma meM Ane vAle Avazyaka zastroM se adhika zastrasaMgraha na kreN| sAdhanoM kA prAdhikya manuSya ko uddaNDa aura velagAma banA detA hai| prabhutA kI lAlasA meM Akara vaha kabhI-na-kabhI kisI para car3ha daur3egA aura mAnava-saMsAra meM yuddha kI prAga bhar3akA degaa| isa dRSTi se jaina tIrthaMkara hiMsA ke mUla kAraNoM ko ukhAr3ane kA prayatna karate rahe haiN.| . . jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne kabhI bhI yuddhoM kA samarthana nahIM kiyaa| jahA~ aneka dharmAcArya sAmrAjyavAdI rAjAoM ke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI banakara yuddha kA unmukta samarthana karate Aye haiM, yuddha meM marane vAloM ko svarga kA lAlaca dikhAte Aye haiM, rAjA ko paramezvara kA aMza batAkara usake lie saba kucha arpaNa kara dene kA pracAra karate Aye haiM, vahA~ jaina tIrthaMkara isa sambandha meM bahuta hI spaSTa aura dRr3ha rahe haiN| 'prazna vyAkaraNa' aura 'bhagavatI sUtra' yuddha ke virodha meM kyA kucha kahate haiM ? yadi thor3A-sA kaSTa uThAkara dekhane kA prayatna kareMge, to vahA~ bahutakucha yuddha-virodhI vicAra-sAmagrI prApta kara skeNge| magadhAdhipati ajAtazatru kaNika bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kitanA utkRSTa bhakta thA ? 'propapAtika sUtra' meM usakI bhakti kA citra carama sImA para pahu~cA huyA hai| pratidina bhagavAn ke kuzala-samAcAra jAna kara phira anna-jala grahaNa karanA, kitanA ugra niyama hai ! parantu vaizAlI para kaNika dvArA hone vAle AkramaNa kA bhagavAna ne jarA bhI samarthana nahIM kiyaa| pratyuta kaNika ke prazna para use agale janma meM naraka kA adhikArI batAkara usake krUra-karmoM ko spaSTa hI dhikkArA hai| prajAtazatru isa para ruSTa bhI ho jAtA hai, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra isa bAta kI kucha bhI paravAha nahIM karate / bhalA, ahiMsA ke avatAra usake romAMcakArI nara-saMhAra kA samarthana kaise kara sakate the? pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ ahiMsA niSkriya nahIM hai: jaina tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa ahiMsA niSkriya ahiMsA nahIM hai| vaha vidheyAtmaka hai| jIvana ke bhAvAtmaka rUpa-prema, paropakAra evaM vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA se ota-prota hai| jaina-dharma kI ahiMsA kA kSetra bahata hI vyApaka evaM vistRta hai| usakA Adarza, svayaM Ananda se jIro aura dUsaroM ko jIne do, yahIM taka sImita nahIM hai| usakA Adarza hai-dUsaroM ke jIne meM sahayogI bno| aura avasara prAne para dUsaroM ke jIvana kI rakSA ke lie apane jIvana kI Ahuti bhI de ddaalo| ve usa jIvana ko koI mahattva nahIM dete, jo jana-sevA ke mArga se sarvathA dUra rahakara ekamAtra bhakti-vAda ke artha-zUnya kriyAkANDoM meM hI ulajhA rahatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne eka bAra apane pramukha ziSya gaNadhara gautama ko yahA~ taka kahA thA ki merI sevA karane kI apekSA dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA karanA kahIM adhika zreyaskara hai| mere bhakta ve nahIM, jo merI bhakti karate haiM, mAlA pherate haiN| kintu mere sacce bhakta ve haiM, jo merI prAjJA kA pAlana karate haiN| merI AjJA hai-"prANimAtra kI prAtmA ko sukha, santoSa aura prAnanda phuNcaano|" / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha mahAn jyotirmaya sandeza Aja bhI hamArI A~khoM ke sAmane hai, isakA sUkSma bIja 'uttarAdhyana-sUtra' kI sarvArtha siddhi-vRtti meM Aja bhI hama dekha sakate haiN| vartamAna paristhiti aura ahiMsA: - ahiMsA ke mahAn sandezavAhaka bhagavAn mahAvIra the| Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pahale kA samaya, bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM, eka pragAr3ha andhakArapUrNa yuga mAnA jAtA hai| devI-devatAoM ke Age pazu-bali' ke nAma para rakta kI nadiyA~ bahAI jAtI thIM, mAMsAhAra aura surApAna kA daura calatA thaa| aspRzyatA ke nAma para karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM manuSya atyAcAra kI cakkI meM pisa rahe the| striyoM ko bhI manuSyocita adhikAroM se vaMcita kara diyA gayA thaa| eka kyA, aneka rUpoM meM hiMsA kI pracaNDa jvAlAe~ dhadhaka rahI thIM, samUcI mAnava jAti usase saMtrasta ho rahI thii| usa samaya bhagavan mahAvIra ne saMsAra ko ahiMsA kA amRta sandeza diyaa| hiMsA kA viSAkta prabhAva dhIre-dhIre zAnta huA aura manuSya ke hRdaya meM manuSya kyA, pazuoM ke prati bhI dayA, prema aura karuNA kI amRta-gaMgA baha utthii| saMsAra meM sneha, sadbhAva aura mAnavocita adhikAroM kA vistAra huaa| saMsAra kI mAtRjAti nArI ko phira se yogya sammAna milaa| zUdroM ko bhI mAnavIya DhaMga se jIne kA adhikAra prApta huA / aura mUka pazuoM ne bhI manuSya ke krUra-hAthoM se abhaya-dAna pAkara jIvana kA amogha varadAna pA liyaa| ahiMsA evaM vibhinna mata : ahiMsA kI paridhi ke antargata samasta dharma aura samasta darzana samaveta ho jAte haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki prAya: sabhI dharmoM ne ise eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai| hamAre yahA~ ke cintana meM, samasta dharma-sampradAyoM meM ahiMsA ke sambandha meM, usakI mahattA aura upayogitA ke sambandha meM do mata nahIM haiM, bhale hI usakI sImAe~ kucha bhinna-bhinna hoN| koI bhI dharma yaha kahane ke lie taiyAra nahIM ki hatyA karane meM dharma hai| jhUTha bolane meM dharma hai, corI karane meM dharma hai, yA abrahmacarya--vyabhicAra sevana karane meM dharma hai| jaba inheM dharma nahIM kahA jA sakatA, to hiMsA ko kaise dharma kahA jA sakatA hai ? hiMsA ko hiMsA ke nAma se koI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| ataH kisI bhI dharmazAstra meM hiMsA ko dharma aura ahiMsA ko adharma nahIM kahA gayA hai| sabhI dharmoM ne ahiMsA ko hI parama dharma svIkAra kiyA hai| jIvana kI arthavatA : ahiMsA meM 261 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ jaina dharma meM hiMsA bhAvanA : prAja se paccIsa sau varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kI nIMva ko sudRr3ha banAne ke lie, hiMsA ke virodha meM pratikrAMti kI / ahiMsA aura dharma ke nAma para hiMsA kA jo nagna nRtya ho rahA thA, janamAnasa bhrAnta kiyA jA rahA thA, vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra se dekhA nahIM gayA / unhoMne hiMsA para lage dharma ke mukhauToM ko utAra pheMkA, aura sAmAnya janamAnasa ko ubuddha karate hue kahA - 'hiMsA kabhI bhI dharma nahIM ho sakatI / vizva ke sabhI prANI, ve cAhe choTe hoM yA bar3e, pazu hoM yA mAnava sabhI jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa|' sabako sukha priya hai, duHkha prapriya hai| sabako apanA jIvana pyArA hai / " jisa hiMsaka vyApAra ko tuma apane lie pasanda nahIM karate, use dUsarA bhI pasanda nahIM karatA / jisa dayAmaya vyavahAra ko tuma pasanda karate ho, use sabhI pasanda karate haiM / yahI jina zAsana ke upadezoM kA sAra hai, jo ki eka taraha se sabhI dharmo kA sAra hai| kisI ke prANoM kI hatyA karanA, dharma nahIM ho sakatA / hiMsA, saMyama aura tapa yahI vAstavika dharma hai / " isa loka meM jitane bhI trasa aura sthAvara prANI haiM, unakI hiMsA na jAna meM karo, na anajAna meM karo aura na dUsaroM se hI kisI kI hiMsA karAyo / " kyoMki saba ke bhItara eka sI prAtmA hai, hamArI taraha sabako apane prANa pyAre haiM, aisA mAnakara bhaya aura vaira se mukta hokara kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kro| jo vyakti khuda hiMsA karatA hai, dUsaroM se hiMsA karavAtA hai aura dUsaroM kI hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha apane lie ra hI bar3hAtA hai / ' H anya saba prANiyoM ke prati vaisA hI bhAva rakho, jaisA ki apanI AtmA ke prati rakhate ho / sabhI jIvoM ke prati hiMsaka hokara rahanA cAhie / saccA saMyamI vahI hai, jo mana, vacana aura zarIra se kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA / yaha hai -- bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AtmIya dRSTi, jo ahiMsA meM prota-prota hokara virAT vizva ke sammukha prAtmAnubhUti ar eka mahAn gaurava prastuta kara rahI hai / jaina darzana meM hiMsA ke do pakSa haiN| 'nahIM mAranA - yaha ahiMsA kA eka pahalU hai, usakA dUsarA pahalU hai- 'maitrI, karuNA aura sevA / ' yadi hama sirpha ahiMsA ke nakArAtmaka pahalU para hI soceM, to yaha hiMsA kI adhUrI samajha hogI / sampUrNa ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke lie prANimAtra ke sAtha maitrI sambandha rakhanA, usakI sevA karanA, use kaSTa se mukta karanA Adi vidheyAtmaka pakSa para bhI samucita vicAra karanA hogaa| jaina prAgamoM meM jahA~ ahiMsA 1. savve jIvA vi icchaMti, jobiu na marijjiuM / --dazavaikAlika sUtra, 6 / 11 2. savve pANA pizrAuyA suhasAyA duhapaDikUlA / -- prAcArAMga sUtra 1/2/3 3. jaM icchasi appaNato, jaM ca na icchasi appaNato / taM iccha parassa vi, ettiyamita jiNasAsaNayaM // 4. dhammo maMgalamukkiTTa, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / 5. jAvanti loe pANA tasA praduva thAvarA / te jANamajANaM vA na haNe no vi dhAyae / / ghAyae / 6. sayaM'tivAyae pANe, aduvAle hantaM vA'NujANA veraM vaDDhaI prappaNo // 262 -- bRhatkalpa bhASya, 4584 7. prajjhatthaM savvao savvaM dissa pANe piyAue / na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayavezao uvarae || -- dazavekAlika - dazavakAlika, 919 sUtra kRtAGga, 1 / 1 / 1:3 -uttarAdhyayana, 8 / 10 pannA samikee dhammaM
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________________ ke sATha ekArthaka nAma die gae haiM, vahA~ vaha dayA, rakSA, abhaya Adi ke nAma se bhI abhihita kI gaI hai|' anukampAdAna, abhayadAna tathA sevA Adi ahiMsA ke hI rUpa haiM jo pravRttipradhAna haiN| yadi hiMsA kevala nivRttiparaka hI hotI, to jaina prAcArya isa prakAra er kathana kathamapi nahIM krte| 'ahiMsA' zabda bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se niSedha vAcaka hai / isI kAraNa bahuta se vyakti isa bhrama meM pha~sa jAte haiM ki ahiMsA kevala nivRttiparaka hai / usameM pravRtti jaisI koI cIja nahIM / kintu gahana cintana karane ke pazcAta yaha tathya spaSTa hue binA nahIM rahegA ki ahiMsA ke aneka pahalU haiM, usake aneka aMga haiM / ataH pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM meM hiMsA samAhita hai, pravRtti nivRtti--- donoM kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai / eka kArya meM jahA~ pravRtti ho rahI hai, vahA~ dUsare kArya se nivRtti bhI hotI hai / ye donoM pahalU hiMsA ke sAtha bhI jur3e haiN| jo kevala nivRtti ko hI pradhAna mAnakara calatA hai, vaha hiMsA kI prAtmA ko parakha hI nahIM sakatA / vaha hiMsA kI sampUrNa sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA / jaina zramaNa ke uttara guNoM meM samiti aura gupti kA vidhAna hai| samiti kI maryAdAe~ pravRtti-paraka haiM aura gupti kI maryAdAe~ nivRtti-paraka haiN| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA pravRttimUlaka bhI hai| pravRtti nivRtti -- donoM zrahisArUpa sikke ke do pahalU haiM / eka-dUsare ke prabhAva meM ahisA apUrNa hai / yadi ahiMsA ke ina donoM pahaluoM ko na samajha sake, to hiMsA kI vAstavikatA se hama bahuta dUra bhaTaka jAe~ge / zrasad prAcaraNa se nivRtta aat ra sad-AcaraNa meM pravRtti karo, yahI nivRtti pravRtti kA sundara evaM pUrNa vivecana hai / pravRtti ke binA samAja kA kAma nahIM cala sakatA, cUMki pravRtti-zUnya ahiMsA samAja meM jar3atA paidA kara detI hai| mAnava eka zuddha sAmAjika prANI hai, vaha samAja meM janma letA hai aura samAja meM rahakara hI apanA sAMskRtika vikAsa evaM abhyudaya karatA hai; usa upakAra ke badale meM vaha samAja ko kucha detA bhI hai| yadi koI isa kartavya kI rAha se vilaga ho jAtA hai, to vaha eka prakAra se usakI asAmAjikatA hI hogI / ataH pravRttirUpa dharma ke dvArA samAja kI sevA karanA -- mAnava kA prathama kartavya hai, aura isa kartavya kI pUrti meM hI mAnava kA apanA tathA samAja kA kalyANa nihita hai / bauddha dharma meM ahiMsA - bhAvanA : 'kArya' kI vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue tathAgata buddha ne kahA hai- "prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane se koI prArya nahIM kahalAtA, balki jo prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, usI ko Arya kahA jAtA hai / saba loga daNDa se Darate haiM, mRtyu se bhaya khAte haiN| mAnava dUsaroM ko apanI taraha jAnakara na to kisI ko mAre aura na kisI ko mArane kI preraNA kre| jo na svayaM kisI kA ghAta karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, na svayaM kisI ko jItatA hai, na kisI anya se jItavAtA hai / vaha sarvaprANiyoM kA mitra hotA hai, usakA kisI ke sAtha vaira nahIM hotA / ' jaisA maiM hU~, vaise hI ye haiM, tathA jaise ye haiM, vaisA hI maiM hU~; isa prakAra AtmasadRza mAnakara 1. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra ( saMvara dvAra) (ka) dayA dehi-rakSA 2. na tena Ariyo hoti, yena pANAni hiMsati / hiMsA savvANAnaM, dhAriyo ti pavajvati / / - dhammapada 16 / 15 -- praznavyAkaraNa vRtti 3. sacce tasanti daNDassa, savvesa jIvitaM piyaM / attAnaM upamaM katvA, na haneyya na ghAtaye || dhammapada 1011 4. yo na hanti na dhAteti, na jinAti na jAyate / mittaM so savvabhUte, veraM tassa na kenacI // itibutaka, pR0 20 jIvana kI arthavattA: zrahiMsA meM 263 .
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________________ na kisI kA ghAta kare, na kraae|' sabhI prANI sukha ke cAhane vAle haiM, inakA jo daNDa se ghAta nahIM karatA hai, vaha sukha kA abhilASI mAnava agala janma meM sukha ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra tathAgata buddha ne bhI hiMsA kA niSedha karake ahiMsA kI pratiSThA karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| tathAgata buddha kA jIvana 'mahAkAruNika jIvana' kahalAtA hai| dIna-duHkhiyoM ke prati unake mana meM atyanta karuNA bharI thii| sAmAjika aura rAjanItika kSetra meM bhI unhoMne tIrthakara mahAvIra kI bhA~ti aneka prasaMgoM para ahiMsAtmaka pratikAra ke udAharaNa rkhe| unakI ahiMsAtmaka aura zAntipriya vANI se aneka bAra ghAta-pratighAta meM, zaurya pradarzana meM yuddha-rata kSatriyoM kA khUna bahatA-bahatA rukA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI bhA~ti tathAgata buddha bhI zramaNa-saMskRti ke eka mahAna pratinidhi the| unhoMne bhI sAmAjika va rAjanItika kAraNoM se hone vAlI hiMsA kI Aga ko prema aura zAnti ke jala se zAnta karane ke saphala prayoga kie, aura isa prAsthA ko sudRr3ha banAyA ki samasyA kA pratIkAra sirpha talavAra hI nahIM, prema aura sadbhAva bhI hai| yahI ahiMsA kA mArga vastutaH zAnti aura samRddhi kA mArga hai| vaidika-dharma meM ahiMsA-bhAvanA : vadika dharma meM bhI ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA hai| "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" ke aTala siddhAnta ko sammukha rakhakara usane bhI ahiMsA kI vivacanA kI hai| ahiMsA hI saba se uttama pAvana dharma hai, ataH manuSya ko kabhI bhI, kahIM bhI kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie|' jo kArya tumheM pasanda nahIM hai, use dUsaroM ke lie kabhI na kro| isa nazvara jIvana meM na to kisI prANI kI hiMsA karo aura na kisI ko pIr3A pahu~cAo, balki sabhI AtmAoM ke prati maitrI-bhAvanA sthApita kara vicaraNa karate rho| kisI ke sAtha vaira na kro|' jaise mAnava ko apane prANa pyAre haiM, usI prakAra sabhI prANiyoM ko apane-apane prANa pyAre hai| isalie buddhimAna aura puNyazAlI jo loga haiM, unheM cAhie ki ve sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna smjheN| isa vizva meM apane prANoM se pyArI dUsarI koI vastu priya nahIM haiN| isalie mAnava jaise apane Upara dayA-bhAva cAhatA hai, usI prakAra dUsaroM para bhI dayA kre| dayAlu AtmA 1. yathA ahaM tathA ete, yathA ete tathA ahN| attAnaM upamaM katvA, na haneyya na ghAtaye / / -suttanipAta, 3 / 317 / 27 2. sukhakAmAni bhUtAni, yo daNDena na vihiMsati / ___ attano sukhamesAno, pecca so labhate surkha ||--udaan, pR0 12 3. ahiMsA paramo dharmaH, sarvaprANabhRtAM varaH / ___ tasmAt prANabhRtaH sarvAn na hiMsyAnmAnuSaH kvacit ||-mhaabhaart, prAdi parva 11:13 4. prAtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret |-mnusmRti 5. na hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni, maitrAyaNagatazcaret / / nedaM jIvitamAsAdya vairaM kurvIta kenacita ||--mhaabhaart, zAnti parva, 27815 6. prANA yathAtmano'bhISTAH bhatAnAmapi vai tthaa| prAtmaupamyena gantavyaM buddhimadbhirmahAtmabhiH / / -mahAbhArata-anuzAsana parva; 115 / 16 7. nahi prANAt priyatara loke kiJcana vidyate / ___ tasmAd dayAM naraH kuryAt yayAtmani tathA pare ||-mhaabhaart, anuzAsana parva, 116 / 8 8. abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyo yo dadAti dayAparaH / __ abhayaM tasya bhUtAni dadatItyanuzuzrumaH ||-mhaabhaart, anuzAsana parva, 116 / 13 pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ hI sabhI prANiyoM ko abhayadAna detA hai, use bhI sabhI abhayadAna dete haiN| ahiMsA hI ekamAtra pUrNa dharma hai| hiMsA, dharma aura tapa kA nAza karane vAlI hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika dharma bhI ahiMsA kI mahattA ko eka svara se svIkAra karatA hai / ina vacanoM para se spaSTa hai ki vaidika paramparA meM yajJa prAdi meM hiMsA kA jo pracalana huA, vaha bahuta bAda meM mAnava kI svArtha paraka manovRtti ke kAraNa hI huA / mUlataH aisA nahIM thA / islAma dharma meM hiMsA bhAvanA : islAma dharma kI aTTAlikA bhI mUlataH ahiMsA kI nIMva para hI TikI huI hai / islAmadharma meM kahA jAtA hai- "khudA sAre jagata ( khalka) kA pitA ( khAlika ) hai / jagata meM jitane prANI haiM, ve sabhI khudA ke putra ( bande ) haiM / " kurAna zarIpha kI zurUAta meM hI allAhatAlA 'khudA' kA vizeSaNa diyA hai- "bismillAha rahimAnurrahIma"" - isa prakAra kA maMgalAcaraNa dekara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saba jIvoM para rahama karo / muhammada sAhaba ke uttarAdhikArI hajarata alI sAhaba ne kahA hai- "he mAnava ! tU pazu-pakSiyoM kI kana apane peTa meM mata banA" arthAta pazu-pakSiyoM ko mAra kara unako nA bhojana mata banA | isI prakAra 'dInailAhI' ke pravartaka mugala samrATa akabara ne kahA hai-- " maiM apane peTa ko dUsare jIvoM kA kabristAna banAnA nahIM cAhatA / jisane kisI kI jAna bacAI - usane mAnoM sAre insAnoM ko jindagI bakhzI / " uparyukta udAharaNoM se yahI pratibhAsita hotA hai ki islAma dharma bhI apane sAtha ahiMsA kI dRSTi ko lekara calA hai| bAda meM usameM jo hiMsA kA svara gUMjane lagA, usakA pramukha kAraNa svArthI va rasalolupa vyakti hI haiN| unhoMne hiMsA kA samAveza karake islAmadharma ko badanAma kara diyA hai, varanA usake dharmagranthoM meM hiMsA kA koI mahattva nahIM hai / IsAI dharma meM hiMsA bhAvanA : mahAtmA IsA ne kahA hai ki- " tU apanI talavAra myAna meM rakha le, kyoMki jo loga talavAra calAte haiM, ve saba talavAra se hI nAza kie jAe~ge " anyatra bhI batalAyA hai--"kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA mata kro| tumase kabhI kahA gayA thA ki tuma apane par3osI se prema karo aura apane duzmana se ghRNA / para maiM tumase kahatA hU~ ki tuma apane duzmana ko bhI pyAra karo aura jo loga tumheM satAte haiM, unake lie prArthanA kro| tabhI tuma svarga meM rahane vAle apane pitA kI saMtAna Thaharoge kyoMki vaha bhale aura bure -- donoM para apanA sUrya udaya karatA hai / dharmiyoM aura adharmiyoM donoM para meha barasAtA hai / yadi tuma unhIM se prema karo, jo tuma se prema karate haiM, to tumane kauna mArke kI bAta kI ?"* itanA hI nahIM, varana ahiMsA kA vaha paigAma to kAphI gaharI ur3Ana bhara baiThA hai - "apane zatru se prema rkho| jo tuma se vaira kareM, unakA bhI bhalA soco aura karo / jo tumheM zApa deM, unheM bhI AzIrvAda do / jo tumhArA apamAna kare, usake lie bhI prArthanA kro| jo tumhAre eka gAla para thappar3a mAre, usakI tarapha dUsarA bhI gAla kara do| jo tumhArI cAdara chIna le, use apanA kuratA bhI de do / "" IsAI dharma meM bhI prema, karuNA aura sevA kI atyanta sundara bhAvanA vyakta kI gaI / yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki svArthI aura ahaMvAdI vyaktiyoM ne dharma ke nAma para lAkhoM-karor3oM 1. ahiMsA sakalo dharmaH / - mahAbhArata zAnti parva 2. va man ayA hA phakanamA annAsa jamIna: / - kurAna zarIpha 5/35 3. mattI / ---2 / 51-52 4. matI / - 5 / 45-46 5. lukA 6 / 27-37 // jIvana kI arthavattA : zrahiMsA meM 265
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________________ yahUdiyoM kA khUna bahAyA, dharmayuddha racAe aura karuNA kI jagaha talavAra tathA prema kI jagaha ghRNA kA pracAra karane lge| yahUdI dharma meM ahiMsA bhAvanA : yahUdI mata meM kahA gayA hai ki---"kisI AdamI ke prAtma-sammAna ko coTa nahIM pahu~cAnI caahie| logoM ke sAmane kisI AdamI ko apamAnita karanA, utanA hI bar3A pApa hai, jitanA usakA khUna kara denaa|" "yadi tumhArA zatru tumheM mArane ko Ae aura vaha bhUkhA-pyAsA tumhAre ghara pahu~ce, to use khAnA do, pAnI do|"2 / / "yadi koI AdamI saMkaTa meM hai, DUba rahA hai, usa para dasyu-DAkU yA hiMsaka zeracIte prAdi hamalA kara raha hai, to hamArA kartavya hai ki hama usakI rakSA kreN| prANimAtra ke prati nivarabhAva rakhane kI preraNA pradAna karate hue yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki---apane mana meM kisI ke prati vaira kA, duzmanI kA durbhAva mata rkho|"3 / ___isa prakAra yahUdI-dharma ke pravartakoM kI dRSTi bhI ahiMsA para hI AdhArita pratIta hotI hai| pArasI aura tAno dharma meM ahiMsA bhAvanA : pArasI-dharma ke mahAn pravartaka mahAtmA jarathusta ne kahA hai ki-"jo sabase acche prakAra kI jindagI gujArane se logoM ko rokate haiM, aTakAte haiM aura pazuoM ko mArane kI khuza-khuzAla siphAriza karate haiM, unako ahuramajda burA samajhate haiN| ataH apane mana meM kisI se badalA lene kI bhAvanA mata rkho| soco ki tuma apane duzmana se badalA loge to tumheM kisa prakAra kI hAni, kisa prakAra kI coTa aura kisa prakAra kA sarvanAza bhugatanA par3a sakatA hai, aura kisa prakAra badale kI bhAvanA tumheM lagAtAra satAtI rahegI ? ataH duzmana se bhI badalA mata lo| badale kI bhAvanA se abhiprerita hokara kabhI koI pApakarma mata kro| mana meM sadA-sarvadA sUndara vicAroM ke dIpaka sa~joe rkho|" tApro-dharma ke mahAna praNetA---'lAmotse ne ahiMsAtmaka vicAroM ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA hai ki-"jo loga mere prati acchA vyavahAra karate haiM, unake prati maiM acchA vyavahAra karatA huuN| jo loga mere prati acchA vyavahAra nahIM bhI karate, unake prati bhI maiM acchA vyavahAra karatA huuN|"5 kanaphyUzasa-dharma ke pravartaka kAMgaphyUtsI ne kahA hai ki-"tumheM jo cIja nApasanda hai, vaha dUsare ke lie hargija mata kro|" / isa prakAra vividha dharmoM meM ahiMsA ko ucca sthAna diyA gayA hai| vastutaH ahiMsA aura dayA kI bhAvanA se zUnya hokara koI bhI dharma, dharma kI saMjJA pAne kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| 1. tA. bAbA metaliyA--58 (b)| 2. nIti, 25 / 21 paramidArAsa 3. torA-lavya vyavasthA 16 / 17 4. gAthA / hA0 34, 3 5. lAo teha kiNg| 266 Jain Education Interational pannA samikkhae dhamma