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________________ jaina vidyAoM meM jIvavijJAna jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa ku0 aMbara jaina zodhachAtrA, a0 pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya rIvA, (ma0 pra0) jainadharma adhyAtmapradhAna hai| usakA lakSya manuSya to kyA, sabhI koTi ke jIvoM ko parama utkarSa kI sthiti meM pahuMcAne kA mArga evaM prakriyA prastuta karanA hai / vaha manuSya ko 'uttama sukha' kA preraka hai| isIliye usake vipula sAhitya meM AcAryoM ne jIva aura jIvana ke viSaya meM paryApta grantha likhe haiN| unhoMne samaya-samaya para SaD-dravyamaya saMsAra kA vivaraNa dete hue isakI dukhamayatA tathA acira sukhamayatA kA varNana karate hae jIvana ko naitika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se tatvabodha karAyA hai / isI prakriyA meM unhoMne bhautika jagata meM vidyamAna tatvoM, ghaTanAoM evaM prAkRtika cakroM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| dharma kA AdhAra mukhyataH mAnava jIvana hai jo samagra prakAra ke jIvita prANiyoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| aneka prAcIna granthoM AcArAMga, prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama, SaDkhaMDAgama Adi meM jIvajagata kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| tatvArthapUtra ora usakI vividha TokAoM meM bhI jIva kA acchA varNana hai| ina sabhI granthoM meM yaha varNana eka laghu aMza ke rUpa meM hai / isake viparyAsa meM, kucha grantha aise bhI hai jinameM kevala jIvoM kA hI varNana diyA gayA hai / ye grantha uttarakAlona grantha hai / inameM se dasavIM sadI ke uttarArdha se gyArahavIM sadI ke bIca likhe gaye dA mahatvapUrNa granthoM ke vivaraNoM ke viSaya meM isa lekha meM vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| ye do grantha hai-gujarAta tathA dhArAnagarI ke vAsI AcArya zAntibhadrasUrIzvara kA jIvavicAra prakaraNa ora' sudUra dakSiNa ke digaMbarAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI kA gommaTasAra jovakAMDa / prathama grantha laghukAya hai| isameM kula 50 gAthAyeM hai / isa para vahadatti aura laghutti nAmaka do TokAyeM bhI likhI gaI hai| yaha muni ratnaprabha vijaya jo dvArA saMpAdita tathA zrI jayaMta ThAkara dvArA aMgrejI meM anudita hokara 1950 meM jaina mizana sosAyaTo, madrAsa dvArA prakAzita huA hai| yaha alpajJAta grantha hai para isake vivaraNa mahatvapUrNa hai| isI ke kiMcita pUrvavartI samaya meM AcArya nemacaMdra ne gommaTasAra likhA hai / yaha vRhatkAya hai| isameM 734 gAthAyeM hai / isake hindI va aMgrejI meM anudita saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM / isakI bhI do saMskRta TokAyeM haiM-jIvapradIpikA ( 16voM sadI ) va maMdaprabodhinI ( 12vIM sdii)| eka kannar3a TokA bhI hai| digaMbaroM meM yaha sujJAta grantha hai / isa grantha kA vivaraNa vizada hai| paryApta gahana bhI hai| yaha bhautika aura bhAvAtmaka-donoM koTi kA hai / prathama grantha ke cAra adhyAyoM kI tulanA meM isameM bAisa adhyAya haiN| donoM hI granthoM meM jIva ke bheda, zarIra, Ayu, svakAyasthiti, yoni evaM prANoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| para jIvakAMDa meM bhAvAtmaka guNasthAna AdhArita varNana bhI hai jo jIva vicAra prakaraNa meM nahIM hai| jovoM ke vargIkaraNa bhI donoM granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se diye gaye haiN| jahA~ jIvakAMDa meM jIvoM ke 98 jIvasamAsa batAye gaye hai, vahA~ jIva vicAra meM 32 taka ko saMkhyA hI pahu~cI hai / donoM granthoM kI prAyaH samasAmayikatA ko dekhate hue inake vivaraNoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rocaka viSaya hai| lekhaka AcAryoM kA jIvanavRtta yaha saMyoga kI hI bAta hai ki uparokta donoM granthoM ke lekhaka AcAryoM kA jIvanavRta sujJAta nahIM hai| yaha kevala parokSa AdhAroM para ho, AMzika rUpa meM, jJAta kiyA jA sakA hai / belANo ne dAnoM hI AcAryoM ko vikramo gyArahavIM .
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________________ 254 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granya [khaNDa sadI kA batAyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nemacaMdrAcArya kI tulanA meM A0 zAnti sUrIzvara ke viSaya meM kiMcita adhika sUcanAyeM upalabdha hai| nemacandrAcArya ke jIvana ke viSaya meM aneka vidvAnoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| unakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki ve dezIyagaNa ke the aura dakSiNa bhArata ke karNATaka kSetra ke gaMgarAja rAjamalla aura usake maMtrI gommaTa yA cAmuMDarAya ke samakAlIna the| apane granthoM meM unhoMne abhayanaMdi, iMdranaMdi, vIranaMdi, kanakanaMdi aura ajitasena AcAryoM kA guru ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA haiN| inameM se abhayanaMdi sabake guru haiM aura anya AcArya nemacandra ke variSTha sahapAThI haiN| ye sabhI mahAkavi ranna ke samakAlIna hai| zAstrI ne vIranaMdi kA samaya 950-1019 I0 batAyA hai| gommaTezvara bAhabalI kA matipratiSThAkAla 981 I. kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para 1981 meM isakA sahasrAbdi samAroha manAyA gayA / gaMga rAjalalla kA rAjyakAla bhI 972-982 I0 mAnA jAtA hai| uparokta pratiSThA nemacaMdra kI preraNA se hI saMpanna haI thii| nemacaMdra ke granthoM meM pratiSThita mati kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai| vikramI gyArahavIM sadI ke kucha zilAlekhoM ke pramANa bhI upalabdha hae hai| inase nemacaMdra kA samaya dazavIM sadI IsvI kA uttarArdha aura gyArahavIM sadI IsvI kA pUrvAdhaM mAnA jA sakatA hai| gaNa, guru aura anumAnita samaya ke atirikta inake viSaya meM, inakI kRtiyoM ( mukhyataH pA~ca ) ke atirikta, anya koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| inake graMthoM se evaM siddhAntacakravartI kI upAdhi se inakI AgamajJatA evaM agAdha jJAnagarimA kA anumAna avazya lagatA hai| ye digaMbarAcArya the| __ A0 zAntisUrizvara ne 'jIva vicAra' ke kartA ke rUpa meM pacAsavIM gAthA meM apanA nAma diyA hai / joharA 'purakara aura kAsalIvAla ne apane grantha meM inheM 973 se 1073 I0 ke bIca kA mAnA hai / pAlanapura ke samIpa rAmasine jainamaMdira meM prApta zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne 1027 I0 meM eka bhagavat pratimA pratiSThita karAI thA / ye tapAgaccha yA bar3agaccha ke aMtargata pracalita thArApadra gaccha ke zvetAmbarAcArya the| inake jIvana kA vivaraNa candraprabhasari racita prabhAvakacarita meM prApta hotA hai| yaha grantha nirNayasAgara presa se 1909 meM prakAzita huA hai / tapAgacca paTTAvalI se bhI inake jIvana kI kucha ghaTanAoM kA jJAna hotA hai / / A0 zAntisUri kA janma aNahilapura pATana ( gujarAta ) meM tatkAlIna prasiddha rAjA bhIma ke samaya meM huA thaa| inake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kramazaH dhanadeva seTha aura dhanazrI thaa| inakA bacapana kA nAma bhoma rakhA gayA thaa| inake bAlyakAla meM hI pATana meM A0 vijayasiMha pdhaare| unhoMne bhIma ko dekhakara usake svaNima bhaviSya kA anumAna lgaayaa| unhoMne inake mA~-bApa se bhIma ko apane sAtha rakhane ke liye anujJA cAhI aura ve A0 vijayasiMha ke sAtha ho gaye / samucita adhyayana evaM caritra kI yogyatA prApta karane para unheM saMgha meM dIkSita kiyA gayA aura unakA nAma zAMti ( bhadra ) sUri rakhA gyaa| ye mUrtipUjaka AcArya the / ye acche kavi aura bAdI the / rAjA bhIbha kI sabhA meM inakA bahuta sammAna thA / inakI pratiSThA sunakara mAlavA kI dhArA nagarI ( aba madhyapradeza ) ke mahAkavi dhanapAla ne inheM ujjaina bulA liyaa| usa samaya vahA~ rAjA bhoja kA rAjya thaa| unakI rAjasabhA meM bhI inhoMne apane kAvya evaM vAda-vidyA ke prakAMDa pAMDitya se apanI pratiSThA ajita kI / dhanapAla kI 'tilakamaMjarI' kA bhI inhoMne saMzodhana saMpAdana kiyaa| isase prasanna hokara rAjA bhoja ne inheM 'vAdivatAla' kI upAdhi pradAna kii| ye Agama ke sAtha-sAtha maMtra aura jyotiSa vidyA ke bhI jJAtA the| pATana ke seTha jinadeva ke putra padmadeva ke sarpadaMza ko inhoMne amRtatva maMtra ke dvArA dUra kiyA thaa| isI prakAra padmAvatI evaM cakrezvarI devI ke prabhAva se inhoMne bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki dhUlikoTa (gujarAta) nagara kA patana honevAlA hai / isase vahA~ ke zrImAlI jainoM ke 700 parivAra samaya rahate surakSita sthAnoM para pahu~ca gye| yaha 1040 I0 kI ghaTanA hai| soDha zrAvaka ke sAtha girinAra ko vandanArtha gaye the| inake aneka ziSya the| inameM vIra, zAlibhadra aura sarvadeva pramukha batAye jAte haiM /
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________________ jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra joba kAMDa 255 inakI kRtiyoM meM 'jIvavicAra prakaraNa' ke atirikta uttarAdhyayana sutra kI eka dIrghakAya TIkA bhI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usake antima adhyAya se hI inheM jIva vicAra prakaraNa likhane kI preraNA milI hogI / inakI mRtyu kI tithi ke viSaya meM matabhinnatA pAI gaI hai / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra, inakI mRtyu 1055 I0 meM huI jabaki prabhAvaka carita ke anusAra, inakI sallekhanA samAdhi 1040 I0 meM huii| yadi inakA ausata AyukAla sATha varSa bhI mAnA jAve, to anumAnataH ye 988-1040 ke bIca jIvita rhe| isa AdhAra para nemacaMdrAcArya inase kucha variSTha AcArya siddha hote haiN| jIva vicAra prakaraNa kI viSayavastu jIva vicAra prakaraNa meM cAra adhyAya haiM / prathama adhyAya meM saMsAra meM vidyamAna vividha prakAra ke jovoM kA vargokaraNa kara saMsArI jIvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyAya meM mukta jIvoM kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare adhyAya meM saMsArI jIvoM ke zarIra kI avagAhanA, Aya, svakAya sthiti, prANa evaM yoniyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM siddhoM ke ho ina guNoM kA varNana hai / upasaMhAra meM, manuSya jIvana meM dharmavRtti meM pravRtta hone kA nirdeza hai / anya tona adhyAyoM kI tulanA meM prathama adhyAya sabase bar3A hai, pUrNa grantha kA lagabhaga do-tihAI bhAga hai / sabhI adhyAyoM ko viSayavastu kA saMkSepaNa yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai| yahA~ yaha jAna lenA bhI ucita hogA ki bahuterI viSaya-vastu mUla gAthAoM meM nahIM hai, phira bhI use ratnAkara pAThaka ne apanI vRhadvRtti TIkA (solahavIM sadI, 1553 I0) meM anya zAstroM ke AdhAra se saMkalita kara diyA hai / jIvoM kA sAmAnya vargIkaraNa ___ jaina ArSa paramparA meM jAvoM yA sajIva jagat ke do bheda kie gaye haiM : saMsAro aura mukta yA asaMsAro / triloka vyApI sabhI jIva saMsArI kahalAte haiM aura ye do prakAra ke hote haiM : sthAvara aura trs| zotASNa bhayAdi kanoM ke paridvAra ke lie jo prayatna karate haiM, gatizIla hote haiM, ve trasa kahalAte haiN| jA jova ina kaSToM ko dUra nahIM kara pAte yA sthira rahate haiM, ve sthAvara kahalAte hai| inakI yaha saMjJA trasa aura sthAvara nAma karma ke kAraNa bhI mAno jAtI hai| isase garbhAvasthA, suSupti meM sAbhAva evaM jalavAyu agni meM trasatva kA prasaMga nahIM A paataa)| uttarAdhyayana ke yaga meM vAya. agni aura udAra (dvIndriyAdi) ko basa aura pRthvI, jala aura vanaspati ko sthAvara kahA jAtA thaa| isake viparyAsa meM, zAntisari ne sthAvara ke pA~ca bheda-pRzvI, jala, teja, vAyu, vanaspati eva trasa ke cAra bheda kie haiN| inameM siddha ke jaDa jAne ke samasta jova jagat dasa prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| TokAkAra ne jovAbhigama sUtra kA uddharaNa dete hae jovoM ke do. tIna Adi dasa taka, caudaha, caubIsa aura battIsa bheda batAye haiN| gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, jJAna, AhAra, bhASA, zarIra, darzana, tathA caramabhava ke AdhAra para teraha rUpoM ko dvividhatA batAI gaI hai| isI prakAra sAta rUpoM kI vividhatA, cAra rUpoM ko cavidhatA, eka rUpa ko paMcavidhatA, zarIra va indriya ke AdhAra paradA rUSoM ko SaD-vidhatA, kAya ke AdhAra para eka rUpa ko sapta vidhatA, jJAna va yAni ke AdhAra para dA rUpa ko astravidhatA, dA prakAra ko navavidhatA evaM dazavidhatA jIvAbhigama se uddhRta ko gaI hai| mana, vacana evaM kAya ko pravRtti ke AdhAra para caubIsa daNDakoM ke rUpa meM jIvoM ke caubIsa bheda hote haiM : 1. pRthvIkAyika Adi 5 ke daMDaka 2. 2, 3, 4 indriya jIvoM ke daMDaka 3. manuSya jIvoM ke daMDaka 4 nAraka jovoM ke daDaka 5. asurakumAra Adi bhavanavAsiyoM ke daMDaka 6-8. vyantara, jyotiSka evaM vaimAnikoM ke daDaka 24 3
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________________ 256 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa isI prakAra, vargIkaraNa kA vistAra karane para jIvoM ke 32 bheda bhI ho jAte haiM : (1) ekendriya ke 22 bheda pA~ca prakAra ke ekendriyoM ke sUkSma-bAdara-paryApta-aparyApta ke bheda se, 5x2x2 = 20 sUkSma sAdhAraNa vanaspati (paryApta, aparyApta) 22 (2) 2, 3, 4 iMdriya jIvoM ke 6 bheda paryApta, aparyApta, 243% 6 (3) paMcendriyoM ke 4 bheda saMjJI/asaMjJI- paryApta aparyApta 142x2:4 32 sthAvara-jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda / (a) pRthvIkAyika uttarAdhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki ekendriya jAti ke sUkSma koTi ke jIvoM kI eka hI para pRthak-pRthak jAtigata koTi hotI hai| isalie isa grantha meM sUkSma sthAvaroM kI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai / sthAvaroM ke bheda-prabhedoM meM kevala bAdara sthAvaroM ke hI bheda kahe gaye haiM / isa dRSTi se pRthvIkAyikI ke nimna 20 bheda hote haiM : 32 sAraNI 1 : ekendriya jIvoM ke bheda 1. pRthvokAyikoM ke bheda 2. jalakAyikoM ke bheda 1. sphaTika 1. bhUmija jala (kUpa, tAla Adi) 2. maNi (samudrotpanna)-14 2. antarikSa 3. ratna (khanija) 3. osa 4. vidruma (maMgA) 4. hima 5. abhraka 5. olA 6. mRttikA 6. hari-tanu (ghAsa para jamI bUMdeM) 7. pASANa 7. kuharA~ 8. rasendra (pArada) 3. agnikAyikoM ke bheda 9. kanakAdi dhAtu-7 1. aMgAra 10. hiMgula 2. jvAlA 11. haratAla 3. murmura 12. manaHzila 4. ulkA 13. khaTika 5. azani 14. anvaNika 6. kanaka 15. araNeTaka 16. palevaka 8. zuddhAgni (IdhanahIna agni) 17. tUrI 18. USama (khanija soDA, sajjI) 19. sauvIrAMjana (suramA) 20. lavaNa 7. vidyut
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________________ jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 257 uttarAdhyayana meM pRthvI ke do bheda adhika ginAye gaye haiM aura maNi ke 18 prakAra batAye haiM / isa prakAra bAdara pRthvIkAyika ke 40 bheda batAye gaye haiM / prajJApanA" kA bhI yahI varNana hai / isa jIva vicAra meM dhAtuoM aura sphaTikamaNi ratnoM kA saMkSepaNa kara 20 bheda hI batAye gaye haiM / prajJApanA meM inake varNa - rasAdi kI vividhatA se asaMkhyAta rUpa batAye gaye haiM / digambara granthoM meM sambhavataH sarvaprathama paJcasaMgraha ne pRthvIkAyika ke 36 bheda ginAye haiM / jalakAyika jIvoM ke granthagata sAta bhedoM ke viparyAsa meM, prajJApanAkAra ne 17 bheda batAye haiM / isameM unhoMne jharanA, kAMjI, kSAra, vibhinna samudroM ke jala Adi ko bhI parigaNita kiyA hai / digambarAcArya amRtacandra aura uttarAdhyayana ne kevala pA~ca bheda batAye haiM / vaTTakera jala ke 7 aura pRthvI ke 36 bheda mAnate haiM / 4 ] zAntisUri agnikAyika jIvoM ke 8 bheda mAnate haiM / isake viparyAsa meM dazavaikAlika evaM uttarAdhyayana 7, prajJApanA 12 tathA mUlAcAra * 6 bheda ginAte haiM / isI prakAra jahA~ zAntisUri vAyukAyikoM ke 8 bheda batAte haiM, vahIM mUlAcAra 7 uttarAdhyayana 6 evaM prajJApanA 19 bheda nirUpita karate haiM / (i) bAdara sAdhAraNa vanaspati 1. kaMda, (pyAja, lahasuna Adi ) 2. aMkura 3. kisalaya ( koMpala) 4. panaka ( lakar3I ke phaMgasa) 5. zevAla (kAI) 6. bhUmisphoTaka ( kukuramuttA) 7. Ardrakatrika (adarakha, haldI, kacUra ) 8. gAjara 9. mothA (nAgaramothA) 10. bathuA kI bhAjI 11. thega (balvanumA mar3a) 12. palyaMka 13. komala phala ( pakane ke pUrva ) 14. gUDha zira patte 15. kAMTedAra paudhe 16. guggula 17. giloya (gaDUcI) 18. chinna- ruha vanaspatiyA~ 19. kumArI (Alu) sAraNI 2 : vanaspatikAyikoM ke bheda 33 (ii) bAdara pratyeka vanaspati 1. phala 2. puSpa 3. challI yA challa 4. kASTha 5. jar3a 6. patra 7. bIja (iii) vizeSa pratyeka vanaspatiyA~ 1. vRkSa : ekabIja 30, bahubIja 33 2. guccha 47 3. gulma 24 4. latA 10 5. ballI 41 6. parvaga 19 7. sRNa 18 8. vanalatA 17 9. harita zAka 28 10. auSadhi - dhAnya 27 11. jalotpanna vanaspati 26 12. kukuramuttA ( kuhana ) 10
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________________ 258 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa prAyaH sabhI zAstroM meM vanaspatikAyikoM ke do bheda batAe gae haiM : sAdhAraNa (anantakAya, nigoda) aura pratyeka vanaspati / sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoM kI zarora niSpatti, zvAsocchvAsa, AhAra Adi kriyAyeM eka sAtha hotI haiN| inameM ananta jIvoM kA eka hI zarIra hotA hai| TIkAkAra ke anusAra, sAdhAraNa vanaspati sUkSma aura sthUla ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiM / sUkSma sAdhAraNa vanaspati golAkAra hote haiM / ve bAlAgra pradeza kSetra meM bhI asaMkhya saMkhyA meM raha sakate haiM / eka hI zarIra yA kSetra meM asaMkhya yA ananta sUkSma jIvoM ke astitva ke kAraNa inheM anantakAyika bhI kahate haiM / ye A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM dete aura sarvaloka meM vyApta rahate haiM / inake nimna bAdararUpoM kA zAstroM meM vivaraNa diyA gayA | TIkAkAra ne batAyA hai ki AgamoM meM sAdhAraNa bAdara vanaspati ke 32 nAma batAye gaye haiM / ye nAma uparokta unnIsa ke hI vistAra haiN| isI ke anya rUpa meM bAisa abhakSyoM kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / yaha kahA gayA hai ki jIva hiMsA kI dRdi se inheM na khAnA zreyaskara hai / prajJApanA meM inake 50 bheda batAe gae haiM / sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoM ke viparyAsa meM, pratyeka vanaspati ve haiM jinameM eka zarIra meM eka hI jIva rahatA hai| inakI sAta jAtiyA~ batAI gaI haiM / unhIM ke vistArasvarUpa TIkAkAra pAThaka ne prajJApanA sUtra meM varNita bAraha jAtiyoM kA nAma diyA jinake viziSTa nAmoM kI sUcI ( 330 ) sandarbhapUrvaka uddharita kI gaI hai / aisI sUcI digambara granthoM meM nahIM pAI jAtI / prajJApanA ke anusAra, pratyeka aura sAdhAraNa vanaspati ke bheda bAdara-jAti meM ho hote haiM, para TIkAkAra ne inheM sUkSma aura bAdara donoM prakAra kA batAyA hai / uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra, sUkSma vanaspati jIvoM kI eka hI koTi hai jo adRzya, ananta evaM loka vyApta / vahA~ pratyeka vanaspati ke bAraha tathA sAdhAraNa ke 22 prakAra batAye gaye haiM / TIkAkAra pAThaka ne sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoM ke do anya bheda bho nirUpita kiye haiM-sAMvyavahArika aura asAMvyavahArika | inheM digambara paramparA meM itaranigoda evaM nityanigoda ke samakakSa mAnanA cAhiye / nityanigodo apanI jAti se utparivartita nahIM hote jaba ki itaranigodI meM yaha kSamatA hotI hai / vanaspati jagat kA itanA vistAra digambara paramparA meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| lekina isa paramparA ke vivaraNa meM kucha vizeSatAe~ haiN| mUlAcAra ke anusAra vanaspati pratyeka aura sAdhAraNa koTi ke hote haiM / ye donoM hI do prakAra ke hote haiM - vIjotpanna aura sammUrchana / vIjotpannoM meM mUla bIja, agra vIja, parva vIja, kaMda voja, skandha voja aura vIja-vIja ke rUpa meM chaha prakAra ke vanaspati hote haiM / inake viparyAsa meM, sammUrchana vanaspapiyoM meM kanda, mUla, chAla, skandha, patra, kisalaya, phUla, phala, guccha, gulma, bela, mRNa aura parva yA gA~Tha vAle 13 prakAra ke vanaspati hote haiM / isake atirikta eka anya gAthA meM kAI, paNaka, kUr3e-karakaTa meM hone vAle vanaspati, kiNva aura kukuramutte kI jAtiyA~ bhI batAI gaI haiM / sammUrchana vanaspati ke liye kisI bhI prakAra ke vIja yA kendra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| digambara paramparA meM vanaspati kI koTi usake janma evaM vikAsa ko dazAoM para nirbhara prajJApanA ke viparyAsa meM sAdhAraNa aura pratyaka -- donoM koTiyoM ke sUkSma aura bAdara bheda bho isa paramparA ko mAnate haiM / dazavaikAlika meM sammUrchana banaspati koTi kA ullekha hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki karatI hai / isa paramparA meM ginAye haiM / nemacandrAcArya bho sthAvara-bhedoM ke parigaNana ke vivaraNa meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNa evaM deza-kAla bhedoM ke kAraNa sabhI jAti ke bheda-prabhedoM kI saMkhyA agaNita ho sakatA hai / digambara paramparA meM agaNitatA ko yaha sambhAvanAtmaka vyAkhyA nahIM pAI jAtI / yahA~ yaha ullekha jJAnavardhaka hogA ki yuvAcArya mahAprajJa' ne yaha zaMkA uThAI hai ki vanaspatiyoM kI sajIvatA to aneka darzana, aura aba vijJAnI bhI mAnate haiM, para pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ko svayaM sajIvatA na bauddha aura naiyAyika hI mAnate haiM aura na vijJAna hI mAnatA hai / phira zAstra saMgati kaise baiThAyI jAve ? isake samAdhAna meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki jaina darzana samasta dRzyajagat ko sajIva aura jIva ke parityakta zarIra ke rUpa meM do hI prakAra kA mAnatA hai / isake anusAra, sabhI padArtha mUla meM sajIva hI hote haiM, zastrApahRti, uSNatA, virodhidravya saMyoga se unameM nirjIvatA A jAtI hai /
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________________ 4] jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 259 asa jIvoM kA vivaraNa : do indriya jIva jaina darzana meM jIvoM kA vibhAjana jJAna ke vikAsakrama para AdhArita hai| sthAvara jIvoM kA jJAna nimnatara koTi kA hotA hai aura ve kevala sparzanendriya ke mAdhyama se hI saMvedanazIla hote haiN| usI ke mAdhyama se ve pAMcoM indriyoM kI anubhati kara lete haiN| inase uccatara saMvedanazIlatA vAle jIva trasa kahalAte haiN| ye do indriya, tIna, cAra evaM paMcendriya ke bheda se makhyataH cAra prakAra ke hote hai / jIva vicAra prakaraNa meM do indriya jIvoM kI 11 koTiyA~ ginAI hai| tIna indriya jIvoM kI 16 koTiyAM ginAI haiN| cAra indriya jIvoM kI nau aura paMcendriya jIvoM kI cAra koTiyA~ batAI gaI haiM, jaisA sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana aura prajJApanA se jJAta hotA hai ki zAntisUri ne bheda-prabheda ginAne meM ati sAraNI 3 : trasa jIvoM ke bheda-prakAra (a) do indriya 1. zaMkha 2. kapardaka yA kaur3I 3. gaMDolaka (laMghu kRmi) 4. jalaukA (goMca) 5. candanaka ( samudra kRmi) 6. alasa (keMcuA) 7. lahaka (lAra kRmi) 8. meharaka (kASTha kRmi) 9. kRmi (A~ta kRmi) 10. pUtaraka (lAla kITa) 11. mAtRvAhikA (cuDailA kRmi) (ba) tIna indriya 1 kanakhajUrA 2. khaTamala 3. jaMA 4. cIMTI 5. sapheda cIMTI (dImaka) 6. kAlI cIMTI 7. illI 8. ghRta-ilikA 9. gau-karNa-kITa 10. gardabhaka kITa 11. dhAnya kITa 12. gomaya kITa 13. indragopa kITa 14. sAvA kITa 15 caura kITa 16. kuMthunagopAlika kITa (sa) caturidraya trasa 1. bicchU 2. TiMkuNa 3. bhauMre aura cIMTiyAM 4. TiDDI 5. makkhI 6. DAMsa 7. macchara 8. kaMsArika 9. kapilaka (sa) paMcendriya jIva 1. nAraka 2. tiyaMca 3. manuSya 4. deva sAraNI 4 : vibhinna zAstroM meM trasoM ke bheda u0 a0 prajJApanA jIvavicAra mUlAcAra 16 dvindriya tri-indriya caturindriya pacendriya a w y * saMkSepaNa kiyA hai| ise sAraNI 4 se jAnA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM trasakAyika jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda kama hI pAye jAte haiM / mUlAcAra aura tatvArthasUtra 'kRmi-pipIlikA-bhramara-manuSyAdInAmekaikaraddhAni' ke AdhAra para kevala prArUpika udAharaNa dete hai| jIvavicAra ke TIkAkAra ne batAyA hai ki vibhinna trasajIvoM ko pahacAnane ke tIna upAya hai :
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________________ 260 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (1) indriyA~ - bhautika indriyoM se inakI indriyatA pahacAnI jA sakatI hai / uttaravartI indriya vAle jIva ke pUrvavartI indriyA~ avazya hotI haiM / (2) pAdoM kI saMkhyA - sAmAnyataH do indriya jIvoM ko paira nahIM hote / tIna indriya jIvoM ke cAra, chaha yA adhika paira hote haiM / cAra indriya jIvoM ke chaha yA ATha caraNa hote haiM / paMcendriyoM ke do, cAra yA ATha paira hote haiM / matsya, sarpa ityAdi jIvoM ke viSaya meM ye niyama lAgU nahIM hote / (3) bAloM kA svarUpa - do indriya jIvoM ke bAla nahIM hote| tIna indriya jovoM ke cehare ke donoM ora bAla hote haiM / cAra indriya jIvoM ke sira ke dAhanI ora sIMga yA kezaguccha hote haiM / paMcendriyoM kA vivaraNa : paMcendriya tiyaMca jainoM kI donoM paramparAoM meM paMcendriya jIvoM ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM-nAraka, deva, tithaMca aura manuSya / inameM nAraka sAta prakAra ke hote haiM aura deva bhavanavAsI (10), vyaMtara ( 8 + 8), jyotiSka ( 5 ) aura vaimAnika (2) ke bheda se cAra prakAra ke hote haiM / jainoM kI donoM paramparAe~ kiMcit bheda-prabhedoM ke antara ke sAtha inako mAnatI hai| jIvavicAra prakaraNa ke TokAkAra ne vyaMtaroM ke ATha kI jagaha solaha bheda batAye haiM / hamAre liye paMcendriya tiryaMca aura manuSyoM kA vivaraNa mahatvapUrNa haiM / zAntisUri ke anusAra, tiyaMca tIna prakAra ke--jalacara, thalacara aura nabhacara hote haiM / jalacara ke - susumAra, matsya, kacchapa, magara aura grAha-pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM / prajJApanA aura uttarAdhyayana meM bhI ye hI bheda haiM, para prajJApanA meM ina jAtiyoM ke prabheda bhI batAye gaye haiM : 1. susumAra : yaha jalacara bhaiMsa ke samAna hotA hai / inakA AkAra-prakAra eka hI prakAra kA hotA 1 2. matsya : ye 23 jAti ke hote haiM - zlakSNa, khabala, juMga, vijaDima, halDi, makarI, rohita, halisAgara, gAgara, vaTa, vaTakara, garbhaja, usAgara, timi, timiMgala, nakra, taMdula, kaNikA, zarali, svastika, laMbhana, patAkA aura patAkAtipatAkA / 3. kacarUpaye do prakAra ke hote haiM asthibahula, mAMsabahula / 4. magara : ye do prakAra ke hote haiM-zauNDamakara, mRSTamakara / 5. grAha: ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-dilI, veSTaka, mUrdhaja, pulaka aura sImAkAra / paMcendriya thalacara tiryaca tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. catuSpAda : ke cAra prakAra haiM- ekakhura, do-khura, gaMDIpada aura sanakhapada / inameM ekakhura-tiyaMca azva, khaccara, ghor3A, gardabha, gorakSara, kaMdalaka, zrokaMdala aura AvataMka ke bheda se ATha prakAra ke hote haiM / do-khurI tiyaMca U~Ta, gau, gavaya, mahiSa, mRga, roja, pazuka, saoNbhara, varAha, bakarA, elaka, ruha, sarabha, camarI gAya, kuraMga, gokarNa ke bheda se 17 prakAra ke hote haiM | gaMDIpada hAthI, hasti pUtanaka, matkuNa hastI, khaDgI aura gaMDA ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM / nakhapado tiryacoM meM siMha, vyAghra, dopar3A, bhAlU, tarakSa, pArAzara, kuttA, billI, siyAra, lomar3I, kharagoza, kolavAna, cItA, cillaka Adi caudaha jAtiyA~ hotI haiM / 2. bhuja-parisarpa : ke caudaha prakAra haiM-nevalA, goha, giragiTa, zalya, saraTha, sAra, khora, chipakalI, cUhA, bisabharA, gilaharI, payolAtika, kSIra- viDAlikA / 3. uraH parisarpa : cAra prakAra ke haiM-sarpa, ajagara, AsAlika, mahoraga / sA~pa do prakAra ke hote haiM - phana vAle aura phaNarahita - phana vAle sA~poM ke 15 bheda haiM- AzIviSa, dRSTiviSa, ugraviSa, bhogaviSa, tvacAviSa, lAlAviSa
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________________ jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 261 ucchvAsaviSa, niHzvAsaviSa, kRSNasarpa, zvetasarpa, kAkodara, darbhapuSpa, kolAha, melibhinda, zeSendra / phaNarahita sapaM dasa prakAra ke hote haiM : divyAka, gonaru, kaSAdhika, vyatikula, citralI, maMDalI, mAlI, ahi, ahizalAkA, vAsapatAkA / ajagara eka hI jAti kA hotA hai / AsAlika : tiryaMca aniSTa ke saMketa ke rUpa meM sUkSmarUpa meM utpanna hote haiM aura apanA vRhadAkAra dhAraNa kara aniSTa kI sUcanA dete haiM / inakI Ayu antarmuhUrta kI hotI hai / mahoraga : caudaha prakAra ke hote haiM, jo inake vistAra para nirbhara karatA hai| ve aMgula, aMgula pRthaktva (2-9 aM0), vitasti, vitasti pRthaktva (2-9 bItA), rani, rali pRthaktva (2-9 hAtha), dhanuSa, dhanuSa pRthaktva, gavyUti, gavyUti pRthaktva, yojana, yojana pRthaktva, yojanazata evaM sahasra yojana vAle hote haiM / paMcendriya nabhacara tiryaMca (pakSI) cAra prakAra ke haiM-carma pakSI, roma pakSI, samudga pakSI, vitata pksso| inameM bitata pakSI eka hI prakAra ke hote hai aura manuSyaloka meM nahIM pAye jAte / isI prakAra samudga pakSI bhI ekajAtIya haiM aura manaSyaloka ke bAhara hI pAye jAte hai / carma pakSiyoM evaM roma pakSiyoM ke kramazaH ATha aura cAlosa prakAra batAye gaye haiM : 1. camaM pakSo-bagulA, jalaukA, aDilla, bhAraMDa, cakavA-cakavI, samudrI kauve, karNatrika evaM pakSiviDAlI-8 / 2. roma pakSI-DaMka, kaMka, kurala, kauvA, cakavA, haMsa, kalahaMsa, rAjahaMsa, pAdahaMsa, ar3a, ser3o, bagulA, vakapaMkti, pAriplava, krauMca, sArasa, mayUra, masUra, mesara, zatavatsa, gahara, poMDarIka, kAka, kAmaMjuka, baMjulaka, totara, battaka, lAvaka, kabUtara, kapijala, pArAvata, ciTaka, cAsa, murgA, totA, mainA, bI, koyala, seha, varillaka-40 / ___ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki uparokta bheda-prabheda mukhya-mukhya haiN| inake samAna anya tiyeca bhI ho sakate haiM, jinheM parIkSA kara bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isIliye pratyeka sUcI ke anta meM 'ityAdi' zabda lagA huA hai aura usameM samaya-samaya para hone vAle nirIkSaNoM ke saMyojana ke liye sthAna chor3a diyA gayA hai| tiryacoM ke bhedoM ke prabheda prajJApanA meM diye gaye haiM / digambara paramparA meM prabhedoM kA vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki sAmAnyataH tiryaca do prakAra ke hote haiM : vikalendriya aura sakalendriya / vikalendriya tiryaMca eka, do, tIna va cAra indriya jona hote haiM aura sakalendriya tithaMca paMcendriya hote hai| paMcendriya manuSyoM kA vivaraNa zAntisUri ke anusAra, garbhaja manuSya tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : karmabhUmija, akarmabhUmija aura antarvIpaja / ina koTiyoM ke kramazaH 15, 30 aura 28 bheda hote haiN| zAstroM ke anusAra, garbhaja ke atirikta, manuSya saMmUrchanajanmI ( aliMgI) bhI hote haiM, jo mala, mUtra, kapha, pIpa, rakta, zava, saMbhoga, nAlImala Adi gande sthAnoM meM utpanna hote haiM / ye asaMjJo, sUkSma aura antarmuhUrtAyu ke hote haiN| manuSyoM ke ye bheda kSetra-nivAsa ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiN| manuSyaloka ke ar3hAI dvIpoM ke 5 bharata, 5 airAvata evaM 5 mahAvideha kamabhUmiyA~ kahalAtI haiM / isI prakAra, akarmamUmiyA~ bho 30 hoto hai / ye bhogabhUmi kI koTi ko kalpavRkSI bhUmiyAM haiN| hamaloga karmabhUmiyoM meM nivAsa karane vAle manuSya haiM / ye samAnyataH do prakAra ke hai-Arya aura mleccha / AryoM ke guNoM ke AdhAra para do bheda hai-RddhiprApta aura anRddhi prApta / RddhiprApta AryoM meM arihaMta, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, cAraNamuni, vidyAdhara Adi samAhita hote haiM / sAmAnya mAnava jAti anRddhiprApta AryoM meM ginI jAtI hai / usake nau bheda evaM bhaneka prabheda hai
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________________ 262 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 1. kSetrAya : deza ke 253 kSetroM meM rahane vAle kSetrArya kahalAte haiN| bhaugolika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hone se ina kSetroM kA jJAna rocaka hogA-magadha (rAjagRha), aMga (campA), baMga (tAmaluka), kaliMga (kaMcanapura), kAzI (vArANasI), kozala (ayodhyA), kuru (gajapura), paMcAla (kaMpilA), jaMgala (ahicchatra), saurASTra (dvArakA), videha (mithilA), vatsa (kauzAMbI), zAMDilya (nandIpurA), malaya (bhaddilapura), matsya (virAT nagara), varaNa(acchApurI), dazANaM (mRttikAvatI), cedi (zaktimatI), sindhu-sauvIra (vItabhaya nagara), zUrasena (mathurA), bhaMga (pAvApurI), purAvarta (mASAnagarI), kuNAla (zrAvastI), latA deza (koTivaSa) tathA kekayAdhaM (zvetAMbikA nagarI), kuzAvataM (shauriipur)| isa sUcI se spaSTa hai ki AryAvarta pazcima (dvArakA), uttara (mathurA Adi) evaM pUrvI (bihAra, baMgAla va ur3osA) bhArata kA kSetra mAnA jAtA thaa| dakSiNa bhArata mleccha deza mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki mlecchoM ke aneka nAma isa kSetra ke anurUpa haiM / 2. jAtyAyaM : aMbaSTha, kaliMda, videha, vedaga, harita aura cuMcuNa-6 / 3. kulArya : ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, ikSvAku, jJAta, kauravya-6 / 4. karmAya : dUSyaka (vastra), sautrika (dhAgA), kAsika, sUtra vaitAlika, bhA~Da-vaitAlika (vaNik), kumhAra ' aura nara-vAhanika-7 / inameM kucha vyavasAya sambandhI nAma aura jor3e jA sakate haiN| 5. zilpArya : raphUgara, julAhA, paTavA, dUtikAra, picchikAra, caTAIkAra, kASTha-muMja pAdukAkAra, chatrakAra, vaha bAhyakAra, pucchakAra yA jildasAja, lepyakAra, citrakAra, dantakAra, zaMkhakAra, bhAMDakAra, jihvAkAra, vailyakAra, Adi 19 prakAra ke zilpakAra / 6. bhASArya : brAhmI lipi va ardhamAgadho bhASA bolane vAle bhASAyaM kahalAte haiN| brAhmI lipi 18 rUpoM meM likhI jAtI hai. ataH bhASArya bhI 18 hote haiN| 7. mAnArya : matijJAnArya, zrutajJAnAyaM, avadhijJAnArya, manaHparyaya jJAnAyaM evaM kevala jJAnArya-5 / 8. darzanArya : sarAga darzanArya ( 10 bheda ), vItarAga darzanArya ( 2 bheda )-2 / 9. caritrAya : sarAga cAritrArya ( 2 bheda ), vItarAga cAritrArya ( 2 bheda )-2 / ye guNasthAnoM para AdhArita hai| isa prakAra nivAsa, kula, karma, zilpa, bhASA, jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi kI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para AyaM manuSyoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa hai| yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnyataH Arya jaina ho sakate haiN| mleccha-manaSyoM kA vargIkaraNa unake nivAsa kSetra ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| inake kSetra tatkAlIna bhaugolika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM, ataH yahA~ diye jA rahe haiN| inakI saMkhyA 55 haiM / ise patA calatA hai ki Agamayuga meM hamArA samparka kina kSetroM meM thaa| ina kSetra vAsiyoM ke nAma zaka, yavana, kirAta, zabara, varbara, kAya, maruMDa, bhar3aka, ninnaka, pakkaraNika, kulAkSa, goMDa, siMhala, pArasaka, Andhra, aMbaDaka, tamila, cillaka, puliMda, hArosa, Doma, pokkANa, gaMdhAhAraka, vAlhIka, ajjhala, roma, pAsa, pradUSa, malayAlI, bandhuka, cUlika, koMkaNaka, meva, pallava, mAlava, gaggara, AbhASika, kaNavIra, cInA, lhAsA, khasa, khAsI, nedUra, moMDha, Dombilika, laosa, vakuza, kaikaya, akkhAga, hUNa, rosaka yA romaka, maruka, ruta, cilAta aura maurya hai| antardIpaja manuSyoM ke aTThAisa bheda batAye gaye haiN| ye unake zarIra rUpoM para nirbhara hai| ekoruka, abhASika, vaiSANika, nAMgolika, haya-gaja-go-zaSkulI-karNa, Adarza-meMDha-ayo-go-azva-hasti-siMha-vyAghra-mukha, azva-siMha-karNa, akarNa, karNa-prAvaraNa, ulkA-megha-vidyuta-mukha, vidyuta-dhana-laSTa-gUDha-zuddha-danta Adi unake bheda haiN|
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________________ 4 ] jIvoM se sambandhita vizeSa vivaraNa zAMtisUri ne jIva vicAra prakaraNa ke tIsare adhyayana meM vibhinna jIva jAtiyoM se sambandhita zarIra kI U~cAI, Ayu, kAya sthiti, prANa aura yoni sambandhI vivaraNa diye haiM / inheM sAraNI 5 meM diyA gayA hai / yaha varNana anuyoga dvAra, mArgaNA yA guNasthAna-AdhArita nahIM hai / 1. ekendriya pRthvI jala0 vAyu0 teja0 pratyeka vana0 sAdhAraNa vana0 2. do indriya 3. tIna indriya 4. cAra indriya 5. pA~ca indriya tiyaMca manuSya saMmUrchana 6. deva 7. nAraka yoga bheda - prabheda jIvi0 jIkAM0 22 42 2 2 2 3 3 34 9 2 2 98 sAraNI 5 : jIva-sambandhI vivaraNa prANa yoni kula lAkha janma 1012 7 saM0 22 4 6 7 8 9, 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 14 2 2 2 ?? " "" " " ,, jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 263 " 71 87 7 3 28 7 8 9 4 saM0ga0 435 14 saM0 0 12 4 upavAda 26 4 upavAda 25 84 lAkha zarIra- UMcAI ja0 ja0 30, varSa ghanAMgula / asaM. 1000 yo0 aMtarmu0 22,000 7000 31 " "" gha0 / saM0 ghanAMgula gha0 x saM0 gha0 X saM0 2 197.5x1012 u0 12 yo0 3/4 yo0 1 yo0 1000 yo0 Ayu 10,000 varSa , 31 " " 21 19 aMtarmu0 3000 12 ghaNTe 10,000 10,000 49 dina 6 mAsa koTipUrva u0 pa0 32 siddha jIvoM kA vivaraNa grantha ke dUsare adhyAya meM karma mala ko pUrNataH naSTa karane vAle siddha jIvoM ke pandraha bheda batAye gaye haiM-- tIrthaMkara siddha, kevalisiddha, svaliMga siddha, anyaligasiddha puruSaliMgasiddha, strIliMgasiddha, napuMsakaliMgasiddha, gRhaliMgasiddha, attIrthasiddha, pratyeka buddha siddha, svayaM buddha siddha, eka siddha, aneka siddha, buddha bodhita siddha evaM tIrthasiddha | digambara paramparA meM ye bheda nahIM mAne jAte / inameM aneka bheda unake siddhAntoM ke anukUla bhI nahIM haiM / isakA vivaraNa prajJApanA meM AyA hai / siddhoM meM deha, Ayu, prANa, yoni nahIM hote / jIvakANDa kI viSayavastu : jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda aMtarmu* 33 sA0 33 sA0 zAMtisUri ke samAna hI nemacandrAcArya ne bhI jovoM ke bheda-prabheda batAte hue unake eka se dasa taka, caudaha, unnIsa, sattAvana aura aTThAnaveM bheda kahe haiM / inheM ve jova samAsa kahate haiM / inakA varNana nimna prakAra hai :
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________________ 264 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha 1. ekendriya: (i) pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, nitya nigoda, itara nigoda X 2 (vAdara sUkSma) = 12 (ii) pratyeka vanaspati (pratiSThita - apratiSThita ) 2. = 2 14 3. 14 x 3 ( paryApta, apa0, nivR0 ) 4. hIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya 3 x 3 (10 a0 ni0 ) 5. paMcendriya tiryaMca : garbhaja karmabhUmija : 3 ( jalacarAdi ) x 2 ( saMjJI - asaMjJI ) x 2 ( paryApta, nivRtya paryApta ) saMmUrchana karmabhUmija : 3x23 (10 a0, ni0 ) bhogabhUmi tiyaMca : 2 (sthala, nabha ) x 2 (10 ni0 ) Arya khaNDa 3 (10, a0, nivR0 ) (ii) mleccha khaNDa 3 x 2 (10, ni0 ) ( bhoga bhUmi, kubhoga bhUmi) (iii) deva, nAraka 2x2 (10 ni0 ) 6. paMcendriya manuSya : 42 9 51 3 6 = 12 = 18 = 4 4 13 13 98 isa vivaraNa meM jIvoM ke bheda adhika haiM, para inake vargIkaraNa meM vividhatA kama haiM / inakA varNana sthAna, yoni, kula, avagAhanA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| TIkAkAra ne gaNita kA upayoga karate hue 190, 380, 570 tathA 406 jIva samAsa bhI ginAye haiN| aisA pratIta hotA haiM ki jIva vicAra aparyApta ke do bhedoM ko mAnyatA nahIM dI gaI haiM / jIva kANDa meM batAyA gayA hai ki zarIra paryApta ke pUrNa na hone taka jIva nivRtya paryApta ( racanA kI apUrNatA ) evaM yAgya hone se antarmuhUrta meM mRtyu ko prApta hone vAle jIva ko labdhi- aprApta kahA gayA hai / meM paryAptiyoM ke pUrNa na [ khaNDa kA prANa-sambandhI vivaraNa donoM granthoM meM samAna hai| para jIva vicAra meM paryAptiyoM kA vivaraNa nahIM hai / sAtha ho, jIva vicAra meM kevala caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM kA vivaraNa hai jabaki jIva kANDa meM tIna prakAra kI AkRti yoniyoM ke sAtha, guNa yoniyoM (nau) evaM tIna janma prakAroM bhI vizada varNana hai / Ayu aura avagAhanA sambandhI vivaraNa donoM meM samAna hai, para jIva vicAra meM kula-koTiyoM evaM saMjJAoM kA bhI varNana nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI cAhiye ki yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM prajJApanAdi granthoM meM gati indriya Adi 27 mArgaNA dvAroM kI jIva vicAra meM vaha nahIM hai / isake viparyAsa meM jIva kANDa meM prAyaH 500 gAthAoM meM 14 mArgaNA dvAroM ke mAdhyama se jIvoM kA vizada nirUpaNa hai / prajJApanA ke 27 dvAroM meM ye caudaha samAhita haiM / jIvakANDa meM prIti- vihInatA, tiryaktA, mana-karma kuzalatA, Rddhi-sukha - divyatA evaM janma-maraNa rahitatA ke AdhAra para pA~ca gatiyoM meM jIvoM ke pramANa kA vitaraNa hai| manuSya jIvoM ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai ki unameM tInacauthAI mAnuSiyA~ hotI haiM / mAnuSiyoM se tIna-sAta gune sarvArthasiddhi ke deva hote haiM / paryApta manuSyoM kI saMkhyA 3x1028 batAI gayI haiM / dhyAna rakhanA carcA hai, para indriyA~ matijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama evaM zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se nirmita zarIra ke cihna vizeSa haiM / granthakAra ne isakA viSaya kSetra, AkAra, avagAhanA evaM saMkhyA (jIva ) batAyI hai / kAya mAgaMNA ke antargata kaSaTrAya kA
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________________ jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 265 lakSaNa, AkAra, nivAsa Adi kA varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki yaha jIva kAyarUpI kAvaTikA ke mAdhyama se karma-bhAra kA vahana karatA hai| yogamAgaMNA ke antargata paryApti aura zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se hone vAle mana-vacana-kAya kI pravattiyoM kI karma-grAhiNI zakti ko yoga batAyA gayA hai| mana aura vacana yoga satya, asatya, ubhaya, anubhaya rUpa se cAra koTiyoM meM hai| inameM dravyamana aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se hRdaya-sthAna meM aSTa-dala-kamala ke AkAra kA hotA hai jisakI kSamatA ko bhAvamana kahate haiN| kAyayoga audArikAdi kArmaNAnta pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai| vedamArgaNA meM vedakarma, nirmANa tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se honevAle tIna dravya-bhAva veda-puruSa, strI va napaMsaka batAye gaye haiN| inameM utkRSTa bhoga evaM uttama guNa vAlA puruSa, sva aura para ko doSoM se AcchAdita karanevAlI strI veda, bhaTre meM pakatI haI ke samAna tIbrakaSAI evaM ubhayavedarahita napuMsaka veda mAnA hai| lakSaNa ke atirikta vibhinna veda ke jIvoM kA pramANa bhI diyA gayA hai| kaSAyamArgaNA ke antargata karma-bandha evaM phala kI zubhAzubhatA kI pratIka cAra kaSAyoM ko zakti (cAra prakAra), lezyA (14 prakAra), Ayu bandha evaM pramANa ke AdhAra para vaNita kiyA gayA hai| jJAnamArgaNA ke antargata pA~ca jJAnoM kA vizada nirUpaNa hai| isameM zrutajJAna kA vivaraNa sarvAdhika hai| saMyamamArgaNA ke antargata mohanIya karma kSaya yA upazama se vrata dhAraNa, samiti pAlana, kaSAya nigraha, tri-daNDa tyAga evaM indriya jaya rUpa saMyama ke bhAvoM kA honA batAyA gayA hai| jIva saMyata. dezaviratI evaM asaMyatI ho sakate haiN| saMyama ke sAta bhedoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha vibhinna koTi ke saMyamI jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA bhI vivaraNa hai| darzanamAgaMNA meM cAra darzanoM kI paribhASA aura saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa hai / lezyAmAgaMNA kI aDasaTha gAthAoM meM lezyAoM kA solaha adhikAroM meM varNana hai aura kaSAyAnaranjita yogavatti ko lezyA kahA gayA hai| yaha jIva ko puNya-pApa karmoM se lipta karAtI hai| yaha dravya-bhAva rUpa hotI hai / yaha varNana uttarAdhyayana ke gyAraha dvAroM ke viparyAsa meM tulanIya hai| bhavyatvamAgaMNA meM ananta catuSTaya rUpa siddhi ke AdhAra para bhavyatva-abhavyatva kI paribhASA dI gayI hai / isameM karma aura nokarma dravya parivartana kI bhI carcA hai| samyaktvamArgaNA meM SaT dravya, nava padArtha, pA~ca astikAyoM kA nAma, lakSaNa. sthiti, kSetra, saMkhyA, sthAna evaM phala ke AdhAra para sAta zIrSakoM ke antargata varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM ajIva davya kA varNana vizeSa hai| paGgala ke teisa vargaNAtmaka bheda, kundakunda vaNita chaha evaM cAra bheda ke atirikta pathvI, jala, chAyA. caridriya viSaya, karma aura paramANu ke bheda se chaha anya bheda bhI batAye gaye haiN| umAsvAmI ke samAna dravyoM ke kArya bhI batAye gaye haiN| saMkSImArgaNA ke antargata no-indriyAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se hone vAle jJAna yA saMvedana ko saMjJA batAkara use zikSA, kriyA, upadeza evaM AlApa ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMjJAoM kI saMkhyA dasa taka batAI gaI hai| AhAramArgaNA ke antargata zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se mana, vacana, kAyarUpa dhAraNa karane yogya jo karma vargaNAoM ke grahaNa ko AhAra kahA gayA hai / mArgaNAoM ke atirikta jIvakAMDa meM bhAvAtmaka prakRti va vikAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara caudaha gaNasthAnoM kA bhI vizada nirUpaNa hai| vastutaH yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jIvoM se sambandhita bIsa prarUpaNAe~ mArgaNA eva guNasthAna-do hI koTiyoM meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| ina donoM kA jJAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke liye lAbhakArI hai| upasaMhAra uparokta varNana se spaSTa hai ki racanAkAla ke alpa antarAla ke bAvajUda bhI donoM granthoM kI viSaya-vastu meM paryApta antara hai / eka ora 'jIva vicAra' meM kevala 'jIvoM kA varNana hai, vahIM jIvakAMDa meM 'jIvoM ke sAtha aneka jIvasambaddha prakaraNoM kA varNana hai| 'jova vicAra' vargIkaraNa pradhAna hai, jabaki jIvakAMDa 'vargIkaraNa ke sAtha vyApaka pariveza kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| isakA varNana AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI zreNiyoM para bhI AdhArita hai| jovakAMDa meM prAyaH pratyeka vivaraNa meM saMkhyAtmakatA pAI jAtI hai, gaNitIya saMdRSTiyA~ pAI jAtI hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'jIvakAMDa' kA dRSTikoNa 34
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________________ 266 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa buddhimAnoM ke bodhArtha rahA hai, jabaki zAntisUri ne to spaSTa hI abuddha-bodhArtha apanA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, jahA~ zAntisUri bAhya-bodhya vargIkaraNa para sImita raha gaye haiM, jabaki nemacandra bahata gahana evaM gambhora jJAnI siddha hae haiM / paryApti, kula evaM yoni-janma Adi kA vivaraNa na denA zAntisUri ke grantha ko kamI hai aura adhyAtma vikAsa kA AdhAra lekara varNana karanA jIvakAMDa kI mahatI vizeSatA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki donoM hI jaina paramparAoM meM jIva sambandhI vivaraNoM meM kAphI samAnatA hai| jIva vijJAna sambandhI yaha vivaraNa Adhunika jIva vaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSaNIya hai| nirdeza 1. (a) nemacandra AcArya; gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, 1972 / (ba) zAntisUrIzvara; jIvavicAra prakaraNam, jaina mizana sosAyaTo, madrAsa, 1950 / 2. nemicandra, zAstrI; tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-2, di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974, pe0 417 / 3. joharApurakara, vi0 aura kAzalIvAla, ka0; vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1975, pe0 78 / 4. sAdhvI candanA (saM0); uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1976, peja 380 / 5. AyaM zyAma prajJApanA sUtra-1,Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1983, peja 39 / 6. mahAprajJa, yuvAcArya; dazavakAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA-1, 1967, peja 116 / 7. vaTTakera, AcArya; mUlAcAra-1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1984, peja 176 /