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________________ jinapratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa eka samIkSAtmaka cintana 'jinabhASita' maI 2003 ke aMka meM 'digambaroM kI jina pratimA kI pahacAna ke pramANa' nAmaka sampAdakIya Alekha ke sAtha-sAtha DaoN. nIraja jaina kA lekha 'digambara pratimA kA svarUpa : spaSTIkaraNa' tathA 'digambara pratimA kA svarUpa : spaSTIkaraNa kI samIkSA' ke rUpa meM paNDita mUlacaMda jI luhAr3iyA ke lekha dekhane ko mile| ukta tInoM hI AlekhoM ke par3hane se aisA lagatA hai ki aitihAsika satyoM aura unake sAkSyoM ko eka ora rakhakara kevala sAmpradAyika AgrahoM se hI hama tathyoM ko samajhane kA prayatna karate haiN| yaha tathya na kevala ina AlekhoM se siddha hotA hai apitu unameM jina zvetAmbara AcAryoM aura unake granthoM ke sandarbha diye gaye haiM, usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai / puna: kisI prAcIna sthiti kI puSTi yA khaNDana ke lie jo pramANa diye jAeM unake sambandha meM yaha spaSTa honA cAhie ki samakAlika yA nikaTa pazcAtkAlIna pramANa hI Thosa hote haiN| prAcIna pramANoM kI upekSA kara paravartI kAlIna pramANa denA yA purAtAttvika pramANoM kI upekSA kara paravartI sAhityika pramANoM ko satya mAna lenA samyak pravRtti nahIM haiN| AdaraNIya nIraja jI, luhAr3iyA jI evaM DaoN. ratanacandra jI jaina vidyA ke gambhIra vidvAna haiN| unameM bhI nIraja jI to jaina purAtattva ke bhI talasparzI vidvAna haiN| unake dvArA prAcIna pramANoM kI upekSA ho, aisA vizvAsa bhI nahIM hotaa| ye lekha nizcaya hI sAmpradAyika vivAdoM se upajI unakI ciMtAoM ko hI ujAgara karate haiM / vastutaH vartamAna meM maMdira evaM mUrtiyoM ke svAmitva ke jo vivAda gaharAte jA rahe haiM, vahI ina lekhoM kA kAraNa haiM / kintu hama inake kAraNa satya se mukha nahIM mor3a skte| ina lekhoM meM jo pramANa prastuta kie gae haiM, unheM pUrvakAlIna sthiti meM kitanA prAmANika mAnA jAye, yaha eka vicAraNIya muddA hai| sabase pahale unakI prAmANikatA kI hI samIkSA karanA Avazyaka haiN| yahA~ maiM jo bhI carcA karanA cAhU~gA vaha vizuddha rUpa se jaina saMskRti ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se karanA cAhU~gA / yahA~ merA kisI paramparA vizeSa ko puSTa karane yA khaNDita karane kA koI abhiprAya nahIM hai / merA mukhya abhiprAya kevala jina pratimA ke svarUpa ke sandarbha meM aitihAsika satyoM ko ujAgara karanA hai|
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________________ jinapratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka cintana : 63 apane sampAdakIya meM pro. ratanacandra jaina ne sarvaprathama vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya kA nimna sandarbha prastuta kiyA hai: 'jinendrA api na sarvathaivAcelakA:' 'savve vi ega dUseNaniggayA jinavarA cauvvIsaM' - ityAdi vacanAt (vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya vRtti saha gAthA -2551) jaba sAkSAt tIrthakara devaduSya-vastra yukta hote haiM to unakI pratimA bhI devaduSya yukta honI caahie| prastuta sandarbha vastuta: lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI kA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki chaThI zatAbdI meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA eka dUsare se pRthaka ho cukI thii| prastuta gAthA aura usakI vRtti hI nahIM, yaha sampUrNa grantha hI zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM kA sampoSaka hai, cAhe AcArAMga kA yaha kathana satya ho ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya eka vastra grahaNa kiyA thA, kintu dUsarI ora yaha bhI satya hai ki unhoMne teraha mAha ke pazcAt usa vastra kA parityAga kara diyA thaa| usake pazcAt ve AjIvana acela hI rhe| kintu pArzva ke sambandha meM vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya kA yaha kathana svayaM uttarAdhyayana se hI khaNDita ho jAtA hai ki pArzva bhI eka hI vastra lekara dIkSita hue the| vastra ke sambandha meM pArzva kI paramparA santarottara thI arthAt pArzva kI paramparA ke muni eka adhovastra (aMtara-vAsaka) aura eka uttarIya aise do vastra dhAraNa karate the| yahA~ yaha bhI mAnanA buddhigamya nahIM lagatA ki kisI bhI tIrthaMkara kI ziSya paramparA apane guru se bhinna AcAra kA pAlana karatI ho| ata: zvetAmbaroM kA yaha kahanA ki gautama Adi mahAvIra kI paramparA ke gaNadhara savastra the, satya pratIta nahIM hotA, isI prakAra digambara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA ki sAre tIrthakara evaM unake ziSya acela hI the, vizvasanIya nahIM lgtaa| cAhe bhagavAna mahAvIra ne muniyoM kI nimna zreNI ke rUpa meM ailakoM aura kSullakoM kI vyavasthA kI ho aura ailakoM ko eka vastra tathA kSullakoM ko do vastra rakhane kI anumati dI ho tathA isI sambandha meM sAmAyika-cAritra aura chedopasthApanIya-cAritra (mahAvratAropaNa) aisI dvividha cAritra kI vyavasthAeM dI hoM, phira bhI yaha sambhava hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne savastra muniyoM ko munisaMgha meM barAbarI kA darjA nahIM diyA ho| yaha bAta svayaM zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita sAmAyika-cAritra aura chedopasthApanIya-cAritra kI avadhAraNA se bhI siddha hotI hai| zvetAmbaroM meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI avadhAraNA tathA digambara paramparA meM kSullaka, ailaka evaM acela muni ke bheda yahI siddha karate haiN| yahA~ hama isa carcA meM na
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________________ 64 utarakara kevala yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kareMge ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya mUlataH zvetAmbara paramparA ke draSTikoNa kA sampoSaka hai, usake racanAkAla taka arthAt chaThI-sAtavIM zatI taka tIrthakaroM kI zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anurUpa mUrtiyA~ bananA prArambha ho gaI thiiN| akoTA kI RSabhadeva kI pratimA isakA pramANa hai| ata: usake kathanoM ko pUrvakAlIna sthitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zvetAmbara paramparA kA yaha kathana ki sabhI tIrthakara eka devadUSya vastra lekara dIkSita hote haiM aura digambara paramparA kA yaha kathana ki sabhI tIrthakara acela hokara dIkSita hote haiM- sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke bAda ke kathana haiN| ye prAcIna sthiti ke paricAyaka nahIM haiN| ni:sandeha mahAvIra acelatA ke hI pakSadhara the, cAhe AcArAMga ke anusAra unhoMne eka vastra liyA bhI ho, kintu nizcaya to yahI kiyA thA ki maiM isakA upayoga nahIM karUMgA - jise zvetAmbara bhI svIkAra karate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, zvetAmbara mAnyatA yaha bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki unhoMne teraha mAha pazcAt usa vastra kA bhI tyAga kara diyA aura phira acela hI rhe| mahAvIra kI acelatA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ acela banIM / punaH . cUMki usa kAla meM buddha kI mUrti sacela hI banatI thI, ata: paramparA kA bheda dikhAne ke lie bhI tIrthakara pratimAe~ acela hI banatI thiiN| pro. ratanacandrajI jaina ne dUsarA pramANa zvetAmbara muni kalyANavijayajI ke "paTTAvalIparAga' se diyA hai| vastuta: muni kalyANavijayajI kA yaha ullekha bhI zvetAmbara pakSa kI puSTi ke sandarbha meM hI hai| unakA yaha kahanA ki vastra bhI itanI sUkSma rekhAoM se dikhAyA jAtA thA ki dhyAna se dekhane se hI usakA patA lagatA thA, yaha bAta kevala apane sampradAya kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karane ke lie kahI gaI hai| prAcIna mUrtiyoM meM hI nahIM, vartamAna zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM bhI sUkSma rekhA dvArA uttarIya ko dikhAne kI koI paramparA nahIM hai, mAtra kaTivastra dikhAte haiN| yadi yaha paramparA hotI to vartamAna meM bhI zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM vAmaskaMdha se vastra ko dikhAne kI vyavasthA pracalita rhtii| vastutaH pratimA para vAmaskandha se vastra dikhAne kI paramparA bauddhoM kI rahI hai aura dhyAnastha buddha aura jina pratimA meM antara isI AdhAra para dekhA jAtA hai| ata: jina pratimA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM muni kalyANavijayajI kA kathana bhI pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra pro. ratanacandrajI ne "pravacanaparIkSA" kA eka uddharaNa bhI diyA hai| unakA yaha kathana ki jinendra bhagavAna kA guhya pradeza zubha prabhAmaNDala ke dvArA vastra ke samAna hI AcchAdita rahatA hai aura carmacakSuoM ke dvArA dikhAI nahIM detaa| vastuta: tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM yaha kalpanA atizaya ke rUpa meM hI kI jAtI hai|
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________________ jinapratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka cintana : 65 lekina cAhe zvetAmbara paramparA ho yA digambara paramparA, atizayoM kI yaha kalpanA tIrthaMkaroM ke vaiziSTya ko hI sUcita karane ke lie pracalita huI hai| phira cAhe yaha bAta tIrthakara ke sambandha meM satya ho kintu mUrti ke sambandha meM satya nahIM hai| vaijJAnika satya yaha hai ki yadi mUrti nagna hai to vaha nagna hI dikhAI degii| kintu pravacanaparIkSA meM upAdhyAya dharmasAgarajI kA yaha kathana ki "giranAra parvata ke svAmitva ko lekara jo vivAda uThA usake pUrva padmAsana kI jinapratimAoM meM na to nagnatva kA pradarzana hotA thA aura na vastra cinha banAyA jAtA thA, samIcIna lagatA haiN|" ata: prAcIna kAla kI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM kI pratimAoM meM bheda nahIM hotA thaa| unakA yaha kathana isa satya ko to pramANita karatA hai ki pUrva kAla meM jina pratimAoM meM zvetAmbara aura digambara kA bheda nahIM hotA thA kintu hameM yaha bhI samajhanA hogA ki bheda to tabhI ho sakatA thA, jaba donoM sampradAya pUrvakAla meM astitva meM hote| mathurA kI mUrtiyoM tathA eka halsI ke abhilekha se yaha spaSTa rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki saMghabheda ke pazcAt bhI kucha kAla taka maMdira va mUrtiyA~ alaga-alaga nahIM hote the| abhI taka upalabdha jo bhI sAkSya haiM unase yahI siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara pratimAoM meM svarUpa bheda lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI se astitva meM aayaa| akoTA kI dhAtu mUrti ke pUrva vastra yukta zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM ke koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| yadyapi chaThI zatAbdI se zvetAmbara digambara mUrtiyA~ alaga-alaga hone lagI, kintu usa samaya jo bhI prAcIna tIrtha kSetra the unameM jo prAcIna mUrtiyA~ thI, ve yadi padmAsana kI mudrA meM hotI thIM to unameM liMga banAne kI paramparA nahIM thI aura yadi ve khaDUgAsana kI mudrA meM hotI thI to spaSTa rUpa se unameM liMga banAyA jAtA thaa| hA~, yaha avazya satya hai ki paravartI kAla ke zvetAmbara AcArya bhI una nagna mUrtiyoM kA darzana, vandana Adi karate the| pro. ratanacandrajI ne bIsavIM zatAbdI ke sthAnakavAsI AcArya AtmArAmajI aura hastImalajI ke graMthoM se bhI uddharaNa prastuta kie haiN| lekina ye uddharaNa bhI pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kie jA sakate, kyoMki AcArya AtmArAmajI evaM AcArya hastImalajI ne jo kucha likhA hai vaha apanI amUrtipUjaka sAmpradAyika mAnyatA kI puSTi hetu hI likhA hai| puna: bIsavIM zatAbdI ke kisI AcArya ke dvArA jo kucha likhA jAye vaha pUrva kAla ke sandarbha meM pUrI taraha pramANita ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| jahA~ taka AcArya hastImalajI ke uddharaNa kA prazna hai, ve sthAnakavAsI amUrtipUjaka paramparA ke AcArya the| unhoMne jaina dharma ke maulika itihAsa meM jo kucha likhA hai vaha apanI paramparA ko puSTa karane kI dRSTi se hI
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________________ 66 likhA hai ata: niSpakSa itihAsa kI dRSTi se unake kathana bhI pramANa rUpa se grAhya nahIM ho skte| aba hama jina pratimAoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karane jA rahe haiM unakI prAcIna sthiti kyA thI, ise kucha purAtAttvika abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se siddha kreNge| kaMkAlI TIle se prApta purAtAttvika sAmagrI aura zilAlekhoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdI se hI vahA~ jinamUrtiyA~ nirmita huI haiM aura ve pratimAe~ Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / AcArya hastImalajI kA yaha kathana ki AcArya nAgArjuna Adi yadi mUrtipUjA ke pakSadhara hote to unake dvArA pratisthApita mUrtiyA~ aura mandiroM ke avazeSa kahIM na kahIM avazya upalabdha hote| kintu nAgArjuna ke nAma kA yadi koI mUrtilekha upalabdha na ho, to isase yaha nirNaya to nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki jaina saMgha meM isake pUrva mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM thaa| zvetAmbara AgamasAhitya meM vizeSa rUpa se kalpasUtra - sthavirAvalI meM ullekhita gaNa, zAkhA aura kuloM ke aneka AcAryoM kI preraNA se sthApita abhilekha yukta aneka mUrtiyA~ mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se hI upalabdha haiN| AcArya zrI hastImalajI kA 'kaliMgajina' ko 'kaliMgajana' pATha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM haiN| paTanA ke lohAnIpura kSetra se milI jina pratimA isa tathya kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki jaina paramparA meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 150 varSa pazcAt hI jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki IsavI pUrva tIsarI - cauthI zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa alaga-alaga pratimAoM kA nirmANa nahIM hotA thA / zvetAmbara digambara paramparA ke bheda ke bAda bhI lagabhaga cAra sau sAla kA itihAsa yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve saba eka hI maMdira meM pUjA upAsanA karate the / halsI ke abhilekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vahA~ zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha, nigrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha tInoM hI upasthita the, kintu unake maMdira aura pratimAe~ bhinna-bhinna nahIM the| rAjA ne apane dAna meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki isa grAma kI Aya kA eka bhAga jinendradevatA ke lie, eka bhAga zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha hetu aura eka bhAga nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke hetu upayoga kiyA jaae| yadi unake maMdira va mUrti bhinna-bhinna hote, to aisA ullekha sambhava nahIM hotaa| bhAI ratanacanda jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki IsA kI chaThIM zatAbdI se pahale jitanI bhI jina pratimAyeM upalabdha huI haiM, ve saba sarvathA acela aura nagna haiN| unakA yaha kathana bhI satya hai ki savastra jina pratimAoM kA aMkana lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI se hI prArambha hotA hai / kintu isake pUrva kI sthiti kyA thI, isa sambandha meM ve prAyaH cupa haiN| yadi zvetAmbara paramparA kA astitva usake pUrva meM bhI thA to
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________________ jinapratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka cintana : 67 ve kina pratimAoM kI pUjA karate the? yA to hama yaha mAne ki chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA, kintu isa mAnyatA ke virodha meM bhI aneka purAtAttvika evaM sAhityika sAkSya jAte haiN| yaha to spaSTa hai ki jaina saMgha meM bhadrabAhu aura sthUlibhadra ke kAla se mAnyatA aura AcAra bheda prArambha ho gae the aura mahAvIra ke saMgha meM kramaza: vastra-pAtra Adi kA pracalana bhI bar3ha rahA thaa| isa sambandha meM mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle ke spaSTa pramANa upalabdha hai| kaMkAlI TIle ke IsavI pUrva prathama sadI se lekara IsA kI prathama dvitIya sadI taka ke jo purAtAttvika sAkSya haiM, unameM tIna bAteM bahuta spaSTa haiM : 1. jahA~ taka jinamUrtiyoM kA sambandha hai jo khaDgAsana kI jina pratimAe~ haiM unameM spaSTa rUpa se liMga kA pradarzana hai, padmAsana kI jo pratimAe~ haiM unameM na to liMga kA aMkana hai na hI vastra aMcala kA aNkn| sAmAnya draSTi se ye pratimAe~ acela haiN| 2. kintu ina pratimAoM ke nIce jo abhilekha upalabdha haiM aura unameM jina AcAryoM ke nAma, kula, zAkhA evaM gaNa Adi ke ullekha haiM ve sabhI prAyaH zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anurUpa haiN| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM varNita kula, zAkhA evaM gaNa ko evaM usameM varNita AcAra ko zvetAmbara apanI pUrva paramparA hI mAnate haiN| yaha bhI satya hai ki digambara paramparA una kula, zAkhA, gaNa aura AcAryoM ko apane se sambaddha nahIM maantii| 3. isake atirikta jo vizeSa mahattvapUrNa tathya hai vaha yaha ki aneka tIrthakara pratimAoM kI pAdapITha para dharmacakra ke aMkana ke sAtha-sAtha caturvidha saMgha kA aMkana bhI upalabdha hai, usameM sAdhvI mUrtiyAM to savastra pradarzita haiM kintu jahA~ taka muni mUrtiyoM kA prazna hai ve nagna haiM, kintu unake hAthoM meM sampUrNa kambala tathA makha vastrikA pradarzita hai| kucha mani mUrtiyA~ aisI bhI upalabdha hotI haiM jinake hAthoM meM pAtra pradarzita hai| eka muni mUrti isa rUpa meM bhI upalabdha hai ki vaha nagna hai kintu usake eka hAtha meM pratilekhana aura dUsare hAtha meM zvetAmbara samAja meM Aja bhI pracalita pAtra yukta jholI hai| ina muni mUrtiyoM ko sarvathA acela paramparA kI bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, vastuta: ye zvetAmbara paramparA ke vikAsa kI pUrva sthiti kI sUcaka haiM tathA usake dvArA pratisthApita, vaMdanIya evaM pUjya rahI haiN| ye mUrtiyoM nizcita rUpa se acela haiN| puna: yadi zvetAmbara unake pratiSThApraka AcAyoM ko apanA mAnate haiM to unheM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki prAcIna kAla meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI acela mUrtiyoM kI hI upAsanA kI paramparA thii| zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA yadyapi paravartI hai, kintu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki
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________________ 68 zvetAmbara dhArA ke pUrva AcArya evaM upAsaka jina * mUrtiyoM ke upAsanA nahIM karate the| vastuta: ve acela mUrtiyoM ko hI pUjate the| ina aitihAsika sAkSyoM se maiM isa nirNaya para pahuMcA hU~ ki, IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka donoM hI paramparAoM ke maMdira aura mUrtiyA~ eka hI hote the| jaise Aja zvetAmbara paramparA meM gacchabheda hote hue bhI mandira aura pratimAe~ vizeSa rUpa se tIrtha sthAnoM ke mandira aura pratimAe~ sabhI ke dvArA samAna rUpa se pUjI jAtI hai, phira ve cAhe kisI bhI gaccha ke AcArya dvArA pratiSThita hoN| usa kAla taka donoM hI acela pratimA hI pUjate the| ____ Aja zvetAmbara paramparA meM mUrtiyoM ko jisa prakAra savastra rUpa se aMkana karane kI paramparA hai, vaha eka paravartI paramparA hai aura lagabhaga chaThI zatI se astitva meM AI hai| mUrtiyoM ko lekara vivAda na ho, isI kAraNa se yaha antara kiyA gayA hai| dUsare mUrtiyoM ko AbhUSaNa Adi se sajjita karane, kaoNca athavA ratna Adi kI A~kheM lagAne Adi kI jo paramparA AI hai vaha mUlata: sahavartI hindU dharma kI bhaktimArgIya paramparA kA prabhAva hai| AdaraNIya zrI nIrajajI jaina, zrI mUlacaMdajI luhAr3iyA aura pro. ratanacadrajI jaina kI cintA ke do kAraNa haiN| prathama to mUrti aura maMdiroM ko lekara jo vivAda gaharAte jAte haiM, unase kaise bacA jAye aura dUsare prAcIna maMdira aura martiyoM ko digambara paramparA se hI sambaddha kaise siddha kiyA jaaye| unakI cintA yathArtha hai, kintu isa AdhAra para isa aitihAsika satya ko nakAra denA ucita nahIM hogA ki IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatI ke pUrva zvetAmbara paramparA bhI acela mUrtiyoM kI upAsanA karatI thI, kyoMki mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta abhilekha aura caturvidha saMgha ke aMkana se yukta aneka mUrtiyA~ isake prabalatama sAkSya upasthita karatI haiM, unheM nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| *