Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaisalamera ke jaina maMdira evaM unakI kalAtmaka samRddhi marusthala kI goda meM basA evaM rAjasthAna ke uttarI-pazcimI sambhAga meM praharI rUpa meM avasthita jaisalamera prAcIna samaya se hI jaina dharma evaM saMskRti kA kendra rahA hai| yahAM ke vizAla jaina graMtha bhaNDAra, kalAtmaka jaina maMdira evaM unameM utkIrNa evaM surakSita asaMkhya prastara evaM dhAtu mUrtiyAM hamAre deza kI kalAtmaka nidhiyAM haiN| vibhinna jaina ASAyoM yAjakanyAvikAoM evaM zreSThi-varga ne jaisalamera ko jaina saMskRti ke pramukha gar3ha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karAne meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA / yadyapi jaisalamera ke bhATI rAjavaMza kI AsthA hindU dharma meM thI, parantu unhoMne jaina dharma, kalA evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa tathA prasAra meM sadA dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sahRdayatA kA paricaya diyA / 10 vijayazaMkara zrIvAstava 12 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM jaisalamera nagara kI sthApanA ke pUrva zahara se lagabhaga 16 kilomITara dUrastha lodravA yA lohapura isa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| yahAM kA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA maMdirajaisalamera parisara kA prAcInatama jaina maMdira hai| yaha apanI prAcInatA evaM kalAtmaka samRddhi ke lie prasiddha hai / mUlataH isa maMdira kA nirmANa 11 vIM zatAbdI meM huA pratIta hotA hai| garbhagRha kA dvArakhaMDa, sabhA maNDapa ke stambha evaM vAhya toraNadvAra tathA anya kucha saMbhAga adyAvadhi adhikAMza rUpa meM apane mUlasvarUpa meM vidyamAna haiM / paramparAnusAra isa maMdira kA nirmANa vi. saM. 1091 meM sAgara ke putra zrIdhara va rAjadhara ne karavAyA aura usakI pratiSThA kharataragaccha ke AcArya zrI jinezvari dvArA sampanna huI mohammada gorI jaise tAoM kA kopabhAjana lovA ko honA par3A jisake pariNAmasvarUpa isa maMdira ko paryApta kSati pahuMcI / kAlAntara meM 16 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM bhagavAlI gotrIya zrImasiMha aura unake putra punasiMha ne maMdira ke jIrNodvAra kA prayatna kiyA parantu AzAtIta saphalatA na milI, ataH pUnasiMha ke putra seTha thAharUzAha ne isa maMdira kI prAcIna nIvoM para vizAlastara para nirmANa kArya karA vartamAna maMdira nirmita kiyA / kasauTI patthara kI zyAmavarNI sahasraphaNI zrI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI pratimA mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huI jisakA parisara zveta saMgamaramara vinirmita hai| usakI caraNacaukI para utkIrNa lekha se vidita hotA hai ki thAharUzAha ne apanI patnI va putroM sahita isa mUrti kA nirmANa karA AcArya zrI jinarAja dvArA usakI pratiSThA vi. saM. 1675 mA sudI 12 guruvAra ko krvaayaa| ye AcArya zrI kharataragaccha ke pramukha AcArya the / isa mandira ke bAhya evaM Abhyantara saMbhAgoM para ukerI huI mUrtiyAM prAcInatA kI dyotaka hai tathA zilpakAroM ke kuzala tala kalA kI paricAyaka haiN| mandira kA alaMkRta toraNa-dvAra vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / isake donoM staMbha lagabhaga hajAra varSa purAne haiN| jaisA ki una para ukerI gaI mUrtiyoM se suspaSTa hai| purAne stambhoM para 17 vIM zatAbdI meM thAharUzAha ne kalAtmaka toraNa banavAyA jisake madhyavartI bhAga meM Asanastha tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiN| maMdira ke prAMgaNa ke cAroM konoM meM apanI patnI, putroM va pItroM ke puSpArtha vi.saM. 1693 meM bAla banavAe jinameM AdinAtha, ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha evaM cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI pratimAeM AcArya jinarAjasUri dvArA vi.saM. 1975 meM pradhAna maMdira kI pratiSThA ke sAtha hI padharAI gyiiN| nikaTa meM hI aSTApadajI ke bhAva kI vizAlakAya evaM dhAtu-vinirmita kalAtmaka kalpavRkSa banA huA hai| mUla maMdira ke sabhAmaMDapa meM sahajakIrtigaNi nAmaka jaina vidvAna viracita zatadala padma yaMtra kI prazasti kA abhilekha lagA huA hai jo maMdira kI pratiSThA ke samaya vi. saM. 1675 meM racA gayA thA / alaMkAra zAstra kI isa apUrva prazasti meM zAharUzAha aura unake pUrvajoM kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| lodravA ke jaina maMdira meM prastara va dhAtu kI aneka mUrtiyAM vidyamAna haiN| makarAne kI gaNapati mUrti ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vi. saM. 1337 meM samasta goSThikA ke Adeza para paM. padmacandra ne ajamera durga meM jAkara saccikA va gaNapati sahita jina bimba nirmita kraayaa| rAjendra jyoti
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ muslima AkrAMtAoM ke anavarata AkramaNa ke kAraNa lodravA ko asurakSita samajhakara, bhATI jaisala dvArA jaisalamera nagara kI sthApanA vi. saM. 1234 ke lagabhaga huii| nagara va durga kA nirmANa kArya unake putra zAlivAhana ke samaya bhI calatA rhaa| prArambha se hI jaisalamera kA jaina-dharma se pragAr3ha sambandha sthApita ho gyaa| 'kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvalI' meM vi. saM. 1244 ke varNana meM anya nagaroM ke sAtha jaisalamera kA bhI ullekha hai| jaisalamera bhaMDAra meM surakSita pUrNabhadra dvArA vi. saM. 1285 meM racita 'dhanyazAlI bhadra carita' (hastalikhita graMtha saM. 270) meM bhI jaisalamera durga kA jaina dharma se sambandha siddha hai| jaba vi. saM. 1340 meM AcArya jina prabodha sUri kA Agamana jaisalamera huA, to tatkAlIna bhATI-nareza karNadeva apane uccAdhikAriyoM, senA va parivAra sahita unake svAgata' ko gaye aura rAjya meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane kA Agraha kiyaa| AcArya zrI ne logoM ko dIkSA dii| isI prakAra vi. saM. 1356 meM rAjAdhirAja jaitrasiMha ne AcArya jinacandrasUri ke Agamana para svayaM jAkara unakA svAgata kiyA aura agale varSa bar3e utsAha ke sAtha mAlAropaNa utsava sampanna huaa| vi. saM. 1358 meM tolA ne aneka jina-pratimAoM ko pratiSThApita kraayaa| jaisalamera kharataragaccha kA pradhAna kendra bana gyaa| anusAra nirmita kahA gayA hai| tatkAlIna bhATI-nareza lakSmaNasiMha ke nAma para maMdira kA nAmakaraNa 'lakSmaNa vihAra' kara-jaisalamera ke jaina-samudAya ne apanI niSThA evaM zraddhA abhivyakta kI hai| mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI bhavya pratimA pratiSThita hai jo lodravA se lAI gaI hai| saMracanA kI dRSTi se maMdira meM sundara toraNa, alaMkRta mukha catuSkI, raMgamaMDapa, trika, gUDhamaNDapa, mUlaprAsAda tathA 52 jinAlaya haiM / staMbha va vitAna kI kArIgarI ullekhanIya hai| garbhagRha ke bAhara eka ora jaisalamera ke pIle patthara se banI sAgaracandrAcArya kI hAtha jor3e mUrti jar3I huI hai jinakI preraNA se isa maMdira kA samArambha huA thA / vi. saM. 1518 meM banI zatrujaya, giranAra evaM naMdIzvara paTTikA mahatvapUrNa hai| maMdira kA toraNadvAra sundara kalAkRti hai| ___ jaisalamera durga ke jaina maMdira dhArmika pravaNatA evaM kalAtmakatA kI nidhi hai / vi. saM. 1275 meM likhita 'daza zrAvaka carita' kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jaisalamera durga meM pArzvanAtha maMdira kA nirmANa kSemendra ke putra jagadhara dvArA karAyA gyaa| durga meM ATha jaina maMdira haiM jo 15 vIM, 16 vIM zatAbdI kI anupama kalAkRtiyAM haiN| 15-16 vIM zatAbdI meM maMdira nirmANa kA jo punarjAgaraNa rAjasthAna va gujarAta parisara meM huA usameM jaisalamera ke ina maMdiroM kA viziSTa yogadAna hai| nAgara zailI meM vinirmita zikharabaddha ye maMdira apanI kalAtmaka samRddhi evaM mUrtiyoM kI bhAvabhaMgimA kI dRSTi se manamohaka hai / marusthalI kI goda meM eka hI zatAbdI meM eka ke bAda eka kramazaH bane ye maMdira-jaisalamera kI samRddha kalAtmaka evaM sthApatya paramparA ke nidarzaka haiN| inameM 52 jinAlayoM se yukta cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kA pItavarNI pASANa vinirmita maMdira prAcInatama evaM pramukha hai| aisA bhAsa hotA hai ki alAuddIna khilajI ke AkramaNa ke samaya isa prAcIna maMdira ko paryApta kSati huI ataH 15 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM purAnI nIMva para vartamAna maMdira kA nirmANa huaa| isa maMdira kI nIMva kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinarAjasUri ke upadeza se zrI sAgaracandra sUri ne vi. saM. 1459 meM DAlI thI aura caudaha varSoM taka maMdira kA nirmANa kArya nirantara calatA rhaa| phalata: vi. saM. 1473 meM jinavarddhana sUri dvArA maMdira kI pratiSThA kI gyii| isa bhavya maMdira ke nirmANa kA zreya osavAla vaMzIya rAMkA gotra ke zreSThi jayasiMha tathA narasiMha ko hai| maMdira meM lagI do prazastiyAM haiM jinameM isa maMdira ko 'kharataraprAsAda cUr3AmaNi' va 'lakSmaNavihAra' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / ise 'vAstu vidyA ke saMbhavanAtha maMdira apane vizAla jaina graMtha-bhaNDAra ke lie saMsAra prasiddha hai| jina bhadrasUrijI ke upadeza se copar3A gotrIya sA. hemarAja pUnA Adi ne maMdira vi. saM. 1494 meM prArambha karAyA jise kuzala kArIgaroM ne tIna varSoM meM sampUrNa kiyaa| vi.saM. 1497 meM AcArya jinabhadrasUri dvArA isa maMdira kI pratiSThA bar3e samArohapUrvaka kI gayI, jisameM mahArAvala vairizAla svayaM upasthita rhe| AcArya zrI ne isa avasara para 300 mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kii| isa maMdira meM pIle pASANa para khudI huI tapapaTTikA (2 phITa 10 iMca x 1 phuTa 10 iMca) surakSita hai jise vi. saM. 1505 meM zaMkhavAla gotrIya zreSThi SetA ne bnvaayaa| isameM bAeM tarapha 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke cAra kalyANaka tithiyAM (cyavana, janma, dIkSA evaM jJAna) tathA dAeM ora tapa ke koThe bane haiM / nIce ke bhAga meM udyotanasUri se jinabhadrasUri taka kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kI nAmAvalI aMkita hai| AbU parvata meM bhI aisI tapapaTTikA vidyamAna haiN| maMdira ke raMgamaMDapa kI chata (vitAna) aura usameM ukerI mUrtiyAM ( Bracket-Figures ) bhavya evaM manamohaka haiN| maMdira ke praveza kI donoM ora kRtrima gavAkSoM ( False Window-Screens ) ko jaina aSTa mAMgalika cinhoM se samalaMkRta kara kalAkAra ne apane saundarya-bodha ko mUrta rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| isa maMdira kI eka saparikara mUrti (nAhaTAbIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, abhilekha saMkhyA 2701, pR. 384) kA nirmAtA kalAkAra sUtradhAra sAMgaNa thA jisane vi. saM. 1518 meM use nirmita kiyaa| zItalanAthajI ke maMdira kA nirmANa DAgA gotrIya laNasAbhaNasA ne vi. saM. 1509 meM karAyA thaa| isa maMdira ke zveta saMgamaramara ke jinendra-paTTaka para caturvizati tIrthakaroM kA aMkana hai tathA eka anya paTTikA para zatrujaya-giranAra ke tIrthoM kA bhavya lakSaNa vidyamAna hai| caMdraprabhasvAmI kA maMdira timaMjalA hai jisake pratyeka tale meM caumukhI pratimA pratiSThita hai / garbhagRha kI pradhAna mUlanAyaka pratimA AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI hai jisakI caraNa-caukI para utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra jinabhadrasUri ne vi. saM. 1509 meM usakI pratiSThA kI thii| ise bhaNasAlI gotrIya sA. vIdA ne banavAyA thaa| sthApatya kI dRSTi se vI. ni. saM. 2503
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ candraprabhasvAmI kA yaha maMdira mahatvapUrNa hai-usameM prabhUta alaMkaraNa va kArIgarI vidyamAna hai| usakI chata (vitAna) bhI samalaMta hai / saMracanA kI dRSTi se yaha maMdira suprasiddha rANakapura ke caumukhA maMdira kA laghu-pratiti pratIta hotA hai| garbhagRha ke dvArakhaNDa para devI pratimAeM banI haiM jinake nirmAtA kalAkAra sUtradhAra laSAdhIrA tathA parabata sUrA the / arddhamaMDapa kI sthAnaka ziva tathA nartana karatI ramaNI kA nirmAtA sUrA tathA sthAnaka caturbAhu kubera pratimA kA kalAkAra dhIrA the / ye nizcayataH jaisalamera ke pramukha zilpI rahe hoMge / RSabhadeva ke maMdira kA nirmANa gaNadhara copaDA gotrIya sA. saccA ke putra dhannA ne mahArAvala devIdAsa ke rAjatva meM vi.saM. 1536 meM kraayaa| isa maMdira ke vAhya vedIbaMdha para Asanastha pArvatI kI mUrti banI hai jise sUtradhAra lakSmaNa ne banAyA thaa| isa maMdira meM dhAtupratimAoM kA bhI vizAla saMgraha hai jo 11 vI se 16 vIM zatAbdI kI haiN| isa maMdira ke caubhUmiye ke toraNa para vi. saM. 1536 kA lekha hai jisakA sUtradhAra devadAsa (nAhaTA-bIkAnera lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 2738, pR. 388) thaa| mahAvIra svAmI kA maMdira osavAla-vaMza ke varaDiyA gotrIya sA. dIpA dvArA vi. saM. 1473 meM nirmita karAyA gyaa| yaha maMdira sAdhAraNa evaM sAdagI lie karAI jo Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| prazasti meM isa mandira ko 'utAMga tAraNa jaina prAsAda' tathA 'bibhUmika aSTApada mahAtIrtha prAsAda' kahA gayA hai / lekha meM viSNu ke dazAvatAra sahita lakSmInArAyaNa kI mUrti nirmita hone kA bhI ullekha hai| hindU vigraha kI mUrti kI jaina maMdira meM sthApanA-dhArmika sahiSNutA kA anyatama udAharaNa hai| yaha sapheda saMgamaramara meM banI mUrti maMdira ke prAMgaNa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| isameM pradhAna mUrti ke rUpa meM lakSmInArAyaNa kA aMkana hai tathA nicale bhAga meM varAha va nRsiMha avatAra aMkita hai| UparI saMbhAga meM dAeM kone meM khaDgadhArI va azvArohI acuptA devI tathA bAeM kone meM Asanastha tIrthaMkara bane haiN| kuMthunAthajI ke maMdira ke bAhya maMDovara para jo vibhinna mudrAoM meM sundara madanikAeM (kaMduka krIr3A, siMha yuddharata Adi) utkIrNa haiM-unakA kalAkAra sUtradhAra bhojA hai| zAntinAtha maMdira ke vibhinna maMDapoM ke vitAna evaM saMvaraNA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| AdinAtha maMdira kA nirmANa bhI zAMtinAtha maMdira ke sAtha usI varSa meM huaa| jaisalamera zahara meM bhI aneka jaina maMdira, derAsara, upAsare va graMtha bhaNDAra haiM parantu zahara se lagabhaga 6 kilomITara dUrastha evaM amara sAgara para sthita tIna jaina maMdira-yadyapi adhika purAne nahIM haiM parantu apanI utkRSTa kalA ke kAraNa ve nissaMdeha vizAla marubhUmi meM zilpa' kI anupama nidhiyAM haiM / ina tInoM maMdiroM meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM AdIzvara bhagavAna pratiSThita haiM aura ye mandira 19 vIM zatAbdI ke pariSkRta maMdira-sthApatya kalA ke ullekhanIya udAharaNa haiM / eka mandira paMcAyata dvArA vi. saM. 1903 meM mahArAvala raNajItasiMha ke samaya banA / anya do maMdiroM ke nirmANa kA zreya jaisalamera ke suvikhyAta bApanA jAti ke seThoM ko hai jinakI paTavoM kI haveliyAM apane jAlI va jharokhoM ke lie prasiddha haiN| choTA maMdira bApanA savAIrAma ne vi. saM. 1870 meM tathA bar3A maMdira bApanA himmatarAma ne vi. saM. 1929 meM nirmita kraayaa| ina donoM maMdiroM kI pratiSThA kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinamahendra sUri ne kii| chajjoM aura gavAkSoM kI kArIgarI kI chaTA anupama hai tathA maMdira meM jana-jIvana kI jhAMkI prastuta karane vAlI mUrtiyAM 19 vIM zatAbdI kI rAjasthAnI zilpakalA kI anyatama nidhiyAM haiM jo jaisalamera kI kalAtmaka samRddhi kI nidarzaka haiN| jaisalamera durga meM eka hI prAMgaNa meM vinirmita zAMtinAtha evaM aSTApadajI ke mandira utkRSTa kalA ke udAharaNa haiM / ye dvibhUmika prAsAda haiM / Upara ke bhAga meM zAntinAtha evaM nIce ke aSTApada mandira meM 17 veM tIrthakara kuMthunAtha pratiSThita haiM / ina donoM maMdiroM kI eka hI prazasti hai jo rAjasthAnI meM hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki jaisalamera ke do zreSThi saMkhavAlecA gotrIya petA tathA copar3A gotrIya pAMcA-jinake madhya vaivAhika sambandha thA-ne milakara ina maMdiroM kA nirmANa karA vi saM. 1536 meM usakI pratiNThA kharataragaccha AcArya jinasamudra sUri dvArA krvaaii| saMghavI ghetA ne sakuTumba zatrujaya, giranAra, AbU Adi tIrthoM kI kaI bAra yAtrA kI thI, aura saMbhavanAtha maMdira kI suprasiddha tapapaTTikA kI pratiSThA karAI thii| unake putra saMghavI vIdA ne mandira meM prazasti lagavAI tathA vi. saM. 1580 meM apane mAtA-pitA sarasatI tathA saM. SetA kI dhAtu-mUrtiyAM pASANa ke hAthI para maMdira ke prAMgaNa meM pratiSThita jisa prakAra AdhA bharA huA ghar3A jhalakatA hai, bharA huA nahIM; kAMse kI thAlI raNakAra zabda karatI hai, svarNa kI nahIM; aura gadahA reMkatA hai, ghor3A nahIM; isI prakAra duSTa svabhAvI durjana thor3A bhI guNa pAkara aiMThane lagate haiM aura apanI svalpa buddhi ke kAraNa sArI janatA ko mUrkha samajhane lagate haiN| -rAjendra sari rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational