Jainism Journey Of Soul

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JAINISM THE JOURNEY OF THE SOUL Specially Prepared For: The Parliament Of The World's Religions Centennial Celebration 1893 - 1993 Chicago, Illinois, USA August 28 - September 4, 1993

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CONTENTS 1. Jain Concept of the Universe - Cosmography 2. 6 Fundamental Substances - Cosmology 3. Cosmic Wheel of Time - Cosmology 4. 24 Tirthankaras - Jaina Omniscient Teachers 5. Ahimsa - The Eternal Law 6. Sacred Books of the Jains - Preserved Teachings 7. Siddhachacra - Sacred Prayer of Jains The Journey of the Soul 8. The Total Journey 9. Classification of Souls 10. The Nine Truths 11. The Eight Major Karmas 12. The Three Jewels 13. The Five Vows 14. The 14 Stages of Development Direct inquiries to: The Jain Philosophy and Meditation Centre Post Office Box 1215, Station K. Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2H2

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The Jain Cosmography | CONCEPTION OF THE UNIVERSE OUTSIDE OUTSIDE ABODE OF LIBERATED PURE SOULS - SUMMIT OF SIDDHA THE COSMOS LOKA THE THE UNIVERSE UNIVERSE THERE OCCUPIED BY HEAVENLY BEINGS THERE IS IS NOTHING THREE ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS OF DENSE AIR, HUMID AIR, AND RAREFIED AIR SURROUNDING THE ENTIRE COSMOS UPPER WORLDS OR HEAVENS NOTHING BUT BUT BOUNDLESS SPACE (VOID) MIDDLE WORLDSZ BOUNDLESS SPACE OCCUPIED BY HUMANS, ANIMALS AND PLANTS (VOID) WHERE WHERE THERE IS THERE IS NO NO OCCUPIED BY HELLISH BEINGS LIFE, LIFE, THE LOWER WORLDS MOVEMENT MOVEMENT OR OR MATTER MATTER The Cosmos is conceived as a 3-dimensional structure, shaped like a man standing akimbo with legs spread sideways. Graphics and Design by BETOTO Kramok Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenloko Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1993

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I The Jain cosmology || THE SIX FUNDAMENTAL SUBSTANCES OF THE UNIVERSE (Dravya) UNCREATED, SELF-EXISTENT, BEGINNINGLESS, ENDLESS, ETERNAL AND INFINITE SOUL (Jiva) MATTER (Pudgala) Opposite to matter. Cannot be perceived by the senses. Manifests as Consciousness (Perception and Knowledge). Infinite in number. There are Liberated (pure) and embodied souls. Embodied souls undergo continual birth and death. Made of atoms (para manus), are endless and subject to continuous composition and decomposition. Characterized by shape, touch, taste, smell, colour, sound and heat. MOTION (Dharma)* 14 STOP (Adharma)* SPACE (Akasha) TIME (Kala) Dharma forms the condition of motion for soul and matter. It exists, pervading the whole Cosmos. It is formless, inactive, eternal and is the object of knowledge of only the Omniscient. Ad harma forms the condition of rest for soul and matter. It exists, pervading the whole Cosmos. It is formless, inactive, eternal and is the object of knowledge of only the Omniscient. Space contains and accommodates all souls, matter and the other substances. Time has an atom- 11 ke constitution. Time is connected by its eternity and singularity with the other substances, but is separated from them as it is non-spatial. It helps the other substances to undergo changes and transformations. * The word Dharma has a two-fold meaning: in the fundamental substances above, the Jaina philosophers describe Dharma as a kind of ether which assists motion or rest. Dharma can also mean "religion", "teaching", 'spiritual work" or " Universal Law". ( 2 ) Graphics and Design by Bernl. Kramski Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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1 The Jain Cosmology || THE COSMIC WHEEL OF TIME (Kalpa) ETERNALLY REVOLVING AND DIVIDING TIME INTO TWO RECURRING 1/2 CYCLES. GRADUAL EVOLUTION (Utsarpini) 6 A 1D GRADUAL DECLINE (Avasarpini) + + + + + 2 D E TIME INCAT DESCENDI + + + + INDING CYCLE ALCULABLE TI 3D ALCULABLE TI NDING CYCLE + + + ON EARTH* THE 24 JINAS APPEAR ONLY IN THE 3RD AND 4TH PERIODS 3A ASCEND INCALCI LE TIME ON EARTH* THE 24 JINAS APPEAR ONLY IN THE 3RD AND 4TH PERIODS + +- - / 2A 5D 1A 6D 21,000 YEARS 21,000 YEARS TIME NOW 21,000 YEARS 21,000 YEARS ON EARTH, WHICH IS PART OF THE MIDDLE WORLDS, FINAL LIBERATION (MOKSHA) IS ONLY POSSIBLE IN THE 3RD AND 4TH PERIODS. IN OTHER PARTS OF THE MIDDLE WORLDS, THERE IS ALWAYS A JINA SOMEWHERE, WHO CAN TEACH THE PATH OF SALVATION AND MAKE LIBERATION POSSIBLE THERE. (3) Graphics and Design by Bornl. Kramski Jainism by Mike Proud foot and Irena Upenieks (c) Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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|| Jaina Omniscient Teachers | EHEHE THE 24 TIRTHANKARAS/JINAS OF THE PRESENT CYCLE OF TIME EHRH According to the belief of the Jains, Jaina religion is eternal and it has been revealed again and again, in every one of the endless succeeding periods of the world, by innumerable Tirthankaras - Jinas. These Omniscient teachers of the Path of Salvation (Ahimsa Dharma), are called the 'Victors', the 'Makers Of The Crossing'. The word Jaina is derived from 'Jina': 'The Conqueror'. Those who follow their teachings are called Jains. 1. RSABHA (or ADINATHA) 7. SU PARSVA 13. VIMALA 19. MALLI 2. AJITA 8. CHANDRA-PRABHA 14. ANANTA (or ANANTAJIT) 20. SUVRATA (or MUNI-SUVRATA ) 3. SAM BHAVA 9. SUVIDHI (or PUSPA DAN TA) 15. DHARMA 21. NAMI 4. ABHINAN DANA 10. SI TALA 16. SANTI 22. NEMI (or ARISTA NEMI) 5. SUMATI 11. SRE YA MSA (or SRE YAN) 17. KUNTHU 23. PARSVA (877 B.C.) 6. PADMAPRABHA 12. VASU PUJ YA 18. ARA 24. MAHAVIRA (599 B.C.) 24. VARDHAMANA MAHAVIRA'S LIFE (599 to 527 B.C.) The last Jina of the Cosmic Half Cycle, Mahavira, is an historical personage born in 599 B.C. into a royal family. His parents followed the teachings of Parsva (23rd Jina). He was given the name Vardhamana. At age 30, he renounced the world and became an ascetic. He was known then as Nirgrantha. After 12 years as a possessionless mendicant, he attained Kaivalya-jnana - the supreme knowledge, complete understanding of the nature of the universe. He became the Arhat, the Jina, the Tirthankara Mahavira. For 30 years he travelled from place to place as a great teacher. He was not the founder of a new religion but reformed the prevailing creed, handed down from previous Tirthankaras of the Sramana current of religious tradition (Path) which was based on Ahimsite creed. He re-organized the 4-fold order of monks, nuns and lay followers. Mahavira taught the Sramana Dharma of Ahimsa (Non-Violence) and became the great benefactor and friend of all living beings. He attained total Liberation (Moksha) in the year 527 B.C. *) Graphics and Design by Bornl. Kramski Jainism by Mike Proud foot and Irena Upenieks (c) Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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The Eternal Law THE RELIGION OF AHIMSA (Jaina Dharma) THE PURE, UNCHANGING, UNIVERSAL LAW NON-VIOLENCE OR NON-INJURY TO ANY LIVING BEING - people induland in front, "'The Arhats of the past, those of the "Above, below and in front, present and the future narrate thus, ' ' discourse thus, proclaim thus, people indulge in violent activities and affirm thus: 'One should against living beings individually not injure, subjugate, enslave, - and collectively in many ways; torture or kill any animal, discerning this, a wise man living being, organism on neither himself inflicts violence sentient being. This doctrine of on these bodies, non induces Non-Violence (Ahimsa Dharma) is others to do so, non approves immaculate, immutable and eternal." of their doing so." - Mahavira - Mahavira THE ANCIENT SYMBOL OF ACARANGA SUTRA, CHAPTER 4 JAIN NON-VIOLENCE: AHIMSA ACARANGA SUTRA, CHAPTER 1 "'The Arhats have propounded the doctrine of Non-Violence, one and all, equally for those who are desirous to practice it and those who are not, those who have abandoned violence and those who have not, those who are deeply engrossed in worldly ties and those who are not. This doctrine of shimsa is Truth. It is rightly enunciated here in the teachings of the Arhats. Comprehending the true spirit of the doctrine, one should practice it till one's last breath." ACARANGA SUTRA, CHAPTER 4 _' Mahavira Jain Dharma, which is identical to Ahimsa Dharma, has no beginning. It has been revealed and revived by many Tirthankaras. In the on-going cycles of time, there is a succession of development and decay, growth and degeneration. This is also reflected in the Dharma of non-violence. Though subject to periods of decadence, the Ahimsa Dharma is ageless and eternal. (6) Graphics and Design by Bernie Kramski Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenloko Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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Preserved Teaching Of The Jina s THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINS PASSING ON THE AGELESS AHIMSA DHARMA AGAMAS - SACRED TEXTS CANONICAL LITERATURE - ORIGINALLY 60 TEXTS 14 PURVAS 12 ANGAS (Original Canon - Taught (Limbs - Part of a Canon) by Successive Tirthankaras) Only 11 remain. The 12th Anga, which Taught by Mahavira. Believed to go was pre-Mahavira, is lost. These Angas back to Parsva (23rd Jina), were lost were passed on by Indrabhuti Gautama, and no longer in existance. a disciple of Mahavira. MWAMVAAN 34 ANGABAYA (Remaining Texts of the Canon) Divided into the following: 12 U pangas 4 Mulasutras 6 Chedasutras 2 Chali kasutras 10 Payannas SIDDHANTA - THE DOCTRINE Philosophical and Religious System METAPHYSICS ONTOLOGY THEOLOGY MYTHOLOGY COSMOLOGY COSMOGRAPHY EPISTOMOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY LOGIC DIALECTICS ETHICS RITUAL (6) Graphics and Design by Bornle Kramski Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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The Sacred Prayer Of Jains SIDDHACHAKRA SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF THE FIVE PRAISEWORTHY BEINGS SIDDHA Liberated, pure, perfect souls abiding in the Siddha Loka. ARHAT Omniscient Teacher, showing the path to liberation and revealing the Ahimsa Dharma SIDDHA ACHARYA Ascetics, who head and govern a particular group of monks, nuns and devotees and, by their own example, guide the members to practice rules of conduct, austerities, self-discipline and non-violence. SADHUS (ARHAT ) ACHARYA U PADYAYA Sages, ascetics who, being possessed by the 3 jewels, are teaching and explaining to others the sacred scriptures - the tenets of Jainism. SADHUS Sages, renunciates who practice austerities, self-discipline and vigilance, and follow the teachings of Ahimsa. UPADYAYA PANCA-NAMASCARA MANTRA JAIN UNIVERSAL PRAYER Namo Arabantanam Homage to the Perfect Souls Namo Siddhanam Homage to the Liberated Souls Namo Airiyanam Homage to the religious leaders Namo Uvajjhayanam Homage to the ascetic teachers Namo Loe Savva-Sabunam Homage to all the sages in the world Eso panca namok karo, savva pavappanasano, mangalanam ca savvesim, padhaman havai mangalam. This Five-fold Obeisance Mantra destroys all demerit, and is the first and foremost of all auspicious recitations. (7) Graphics and Design by Bernie Kramski Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks (c) Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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The Journey Of The Soul THE TOTAL JOURNEY REINCARNATION OF SOULS IN THE UNIVERSE ABODE OF THE LIBERATED SOULS (Siddha-Loka) THE FOUR REALMS OF EXISTENCE (Samsara) AUMAN BEINGS (Manuska) HEAVENLY BEINGS (Devas) ANIMAL AND (PLANT BEINGS HELLISH BEINGS (Naraki) (Tiryanca, Vanaspati) mr (6) Graphics and Doign by Borni. Kramak 1 Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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The Journey Of The Soul || THE CLASSIFICATION OF SOULS (Jivas) 2 CATEGORIES: LIBERATED (MUKTA) AND EMBODIED. (SAMSARI)* IMMOBILE BEINGS MOBILE BEINGS (Sthavara) (Trasa) ONE-SENSE TWO-SENSE I THREE-SENSE FOUR-SENSE FIVE-SENSE (E kendriya) (Dwindriya) (Trindriya) (Chaturindriya) (Panchendriya) TOUCH ONLY TOUCH AND TASTE TOUCH, TASTE TOUCH, TASTE, TOUCH, TASTE, AND SMELL SMELL, SIGHT AND HEARING NIGODAS OYSTERS FIRE BODIES SMELL AND SIGHT TERMITES MOSQUITO HEAVENLY BEINGS EARTHWORMS CENTIPEDES BEE WATER BODIES HUMANS AIR BODIES CONCH FLY ANIMALS EARTH BODIES LEAF WORMS SCORPION LEECHES PLANTS And Others And Others And Others HELLISH BEINGS EVEN THE MINUTEST LIFE FORM HAS PERCEPTION, KNOWLEDGE, ENERGY AND BLISS. * THIS CHART ILLUSTRATES EMBODIED (SAMSARI) SOULS ONLY. Graphics and Design by Bornie Kramaki Jainism by Mike Proud foot and Irona Upeniek. O Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993 (9)

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The Journey of The Soul THE NINE TRUTHS (Nav-Tattvas) SOUL (Jiva) NON-LIVING 2 SUBSTANCES / KARMIC MERIT, (Ajiva) (Punya) : Accumulated good actions which Inanimate help the impure soul in the enjoyment of rewards and pleasures. o Life Consciousness KARMIC DEMERIT (Papa) LIBERATION SHEDDING OF KARMA (Nirjara) Purification process involving right knowledge, vows, austerities, renunciation and becoming conscious of one's own thoughts, words and actions. (Moksha) Accumulated bad actions which cause the pain and suffering of the impure soul Emancipated, pure soul freed from the eternal cycle of birth and death. STOP PAGE OF KARMA (Samvara) Recognition of the false Selt. Control of the 5 senses and mind. Strenuous effort to stop new influx of Karmic matter. Developing attentiveness. BONDAGE OF KARMA (Bandha) Karmic matter fused with soul, manifests a false identity of Self. INFLOW OF KARMA (Asrava) Caused by good and bad activities of mind, speech and body. 6 \ 5 Jainism defines Karma as matter in subtle form - energy. Sub-atomic particles, which can manifest Karma, fill the universe. The soul's contact with the physical world through mind, speech and body, causes the constant inflow of these particles and covers the soul. (10) Graphics and Dolgn by Bornio Kramski Jainism by Mike Proud foot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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The Journey of The Soul THE EIGHT MAJOR BINDING KARMAS (Mula Prakrtis) PERCEPTION AWARENESS OBSCURING KARMA (Darsanavarana) 9 SUB-SPECIES KNOWLEDGE OBSCURING KARMA (Jnanavarana) 5 SUB-SPECIES BELIEF AND CONDUCT DELUDING KARMA (Mohaniya) 28 SUB-SPECIES FOUR PASSIONS ENERGY PAIN AND PLEASURE (Kasayas) OBSTRUCTING KARMA PRODUCING KARMA (Antaraya) (Vedaniya) ANGER PRIDE (Krodha (Mana) 2 SUB-SPECIES 5 SUB-SPECIES DECEIT GREED (Maya) (Lobha) STATUS LIFE-SPAN DETERMINING KARMA DETERMINING KARMA (NATIONALITY AND FAMILY) (Ayus) (Gotra) BODY 2 SUB-SPECIES 4 SUB-SPECIES DETERMINING KARMA (Nama) 93 SUB-SPECIES (11) Graphics and Design by Bernie Kramski Jainism by Mike Proud foot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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The Journey Of The Soul THE PATH OF THE THREE JEWELS (Ratnatraya) GE RIGHT RIGHT RIGHT FAITH KNOWLEDGE ACTION (Samyag-Darsana) (Samyag-Jnana) (Samyag-Caritra) "'There's no knowledge without right faith, No conduct is possible without knowledge, Without conduct, there's no liberation, And without liberation, no deliverance.'' - Mahavira MUM Uuem -UTTARADHYAYANA SUTRA. CHAPTER 27. VERSE 30 no Kramok (12) Graphics and Design by Bornio Kramski Jainlom by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks Jolalom by Miko Proud toot and irono Upon loko TORONTO, ON TARIO, CANADA, 1993

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The Journey of The Soul THE FIVE VOWS OF MONKS, NUNS AND LAY FOLLOWERS (Jaina Vratas) NON-VIOLENCE (Ahimsa) SPEAK THE TRUTH NOT TO STEAL (Satya) (Asteya) CELIBACY (Brahmacharya) (Strict adherence for Monks and Nuns - sexual restraint for lay followers) NON-POSSESSION (Aparigraha) (Strict adherence for Monks and Nuns - limiting one's attachments and acquisitions for lay followers) "Endowed with conduct and discipline, Who practises control of self, Who throws out all his bondage, He attains the eternal place." - Mahavira - UTTARADHYAYANA SUTRA, CHAPTER 20, VERSE 52 (13) Graphics and D.lgn by Bernie Kramok Jalniom by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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Il The Journey of The Soul || 14 STAGES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT The process of separating the soul from the energies of matter, beginning with the minut Omniscient Arhat-kevalin, Jina. LIBERATED 14 LIBERATED SOUL SIDDHA 14 PERFECTION 13 ARHAT, A JINA 12 Deluding Karmas destroyed completely. 12 11 Some deluding Karmas still persist. 11 10 Subtle greed is either suppressed or removed. 10 9 Intense spiritual work with emotions and desires. 9 8 Higher state of pure meditation achieved. Passions may arise. 8 7 Intense practice, no transgression. Critical stage. May go to six. 7 6 Ascetic full vow stage. Renunciation. Some negligence in discipline. 6 5 Partial vow stage. There is more self-control than in the fourth stage. 5 | 4 Partial self-discipline. Does not doubt the Truth. Some spiritual insight. 4 | 3 Mixed true and false beliefs. A brief transition to either first or fourth stage. 3 2 Few moments duration. Transition stage on the way down from a big her to the first. 2 Ignorance and delusion. When delusion is suppressed, the soul will rise to the fourth stage. 1 1 Graphics and D.lgn by Berni. Kram.k1 Jainism by Mike Proud to ot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993

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