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________________ jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA kA ati vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke gandhoM kA jo kAlakrama nirdhArita kiyA hai, usake AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita AgamoM ko hama nimna krama meM rakha sakate haiN| ati prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM meM AcArAGgasUtra evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ye do aise prantha hai jinameM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| AcArAGgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha kA 'vimokSa' nAmaka aSTama adhyayana samAdhimaraNa ke tIna prakAroM-- bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iGgitimaraNa evaM prAyopagamana kI vistRta carcA karatA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA paJcama "akAma-maraNIya" adhyayana bhI akAma-maraNa aura sakAma-maraNa (samAdhimaraNa) kI carcA se sambandhita hai| isake sAtha hI kiMcit paravartI mAne gaye uttarAdhyayana ke 36 veM adhyayana meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kI vistRta carcA hai| isameM samayAvadhi kI dRSTi se utkRSTa, madhyama evaM jaghanya aise tIna prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM dazavaikAlika kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai isake AThaveM 'AcAra-praNidhI' nAmaka adhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva kI sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| isameM kaSAyoM ko alpa karane yA una para vijaya prApta karane kA nirdeza hai| isake atirikta kAlakrama kI dRSTi se kiMcit paravartI mAne gaye ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM tRtIya aGga - Agama sthAnAGgasUtra ke dvitIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM maraNa ke vividha prakAroM kI carcA ke prasaGga meM samAdhimaraNa ke vividha rUpoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| caturtha aGga - Agama samavAyAGga meM maraNa ke sataraha bhedoM kI carcA hai| jJAtavya hai ki nAma evaM krama ke kucha antaroM ko chor3akara maraNa ke ina sataraha bhedoM kI carcA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI milatI hai| isameM bAlamaraNa, bAla- paNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, bhakta - pratyAkhyAna, iGgitimaraNa, prAyopagamana Adi kI carcA hai| isI prakAra pAcaveM aGga-Agama bhagavatIsUtra meM ambaDa saMnyAsI evaM usake ziSyoM ke dvArA gaGgA kI bAlU para adatta jala kA sevana nahIM karate hue samAdhimaraNa karane kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| sAtaveM aGga upAsakadazasUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 10 gRhastha upAsakoM ke dvArA liye gaye samAdhimaraNa aura usameM upasthita vighnoM kI vistRta carcA milatI hai| AThaveM aGga- Agama antakRtadazAsUtra evaM naveM aGga- Agama anuttaraupapAtikadazAsUtra meM bhI aneka zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ke dvArA liye gaye samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| antakRtadazAsUtra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM samAdhimaraNa lene vAloM kI samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva kI zArIrika sthiti kaisI ho gaI thI, isakA sundara vivaraNa upalabdha hai| upAGga - sAhitya meM mAtra aupapAtikasUtra aura rAyaprazrIyasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAle kucha sAdhakoM kA ullekha hai, kintu inameM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM koI vivecana upalabdha nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM jo svatantra grantha upalabdha hote haiM, unheM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNaka varga ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| prakIrNakoM meM AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, ArAdhanApatAkA, maraNavibhakti, maraNasamAdhi evaM maraNavizuddhi pramukha haiN| vartamAna meM jo maraNavibhakti ke nAma se prakIrNaka upalabdha ho rahA hai, usameM maraNavibhakti sahita maraNavizuddhi, maraNasamAdhi, saMlekhanAsUtra, bhaktaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanA patAkA ina ATha granthoM ko samAhita kara liyA gayA hai| yadyapi bhaktaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, saMlekhanAsUtra, saMstAraka, ArAdhanApatAkA Adi anya svatantra rUpa se bhI upalabdha haiN| isake atirikta tandula- vaicArika nAmaka prakIrNaka ke anta meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA vistRta vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa kA vistRta vivaraNa evaM upadeza dene vAle saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke paravartI AcAryoM ke aneka grantha haiM, kintu prastuta vivecana meM hama apane ko mAtra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya taka hI sImita rakheMge zaurasenI Agama sAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle Agamatulya jo grantha haiM, unameM mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAmaka yApanIya paramparA ke do grantha prasiddha haiN| inameM mUlAcAra samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane ke sAtha hI muni AcAra ke anya pakSoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yadyapi isake saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna evaM bRhata pratyAkhyAna nAmaka adhyAyoM meM AturamahApratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNakoM kI zatAdhika gAthAe~ yathAvata apane zaurasenI rUpAntara meM milatI haiN| isI prakAra isameM Avazyakaniryukti kI bhI zatAdhika gAthAe~ Avazyakaniyukti ke nAma se hI milatI haiN| jahA~ taka bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA prazna hai, usameM bhI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI vizeSa rUpa se samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prakIrNakoM kI zatAdhika gAthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA mUla pratipAdya samAdhimaraNa hai aura yaha grantha aneka dRSTiyoM se maraNasamAdhi, aparanAma maraNavibhakti aura ArAdhanApatAkA se tulanIya haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki ArAdhanApatAkA nAmaka grantha zvetAmbara AcArya vIrabhadra ke dvArA bhavagatI ArAdhanA kA anukaraNa karake likhA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha abhI zodha kA viSaya hai| isameM bhaktaparijJA, piNDaniryukti aura Avazyakanuiryakti kI bhI saikar3o gAthAe~ uddhRta kI gayI haiN| isameM kula 1110 gAthAe~ haiM / isa prakAra maraNavibhakti aura saMstAraka meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAloM ke jo viziSTa ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, ve hI ullekha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI bahuta kucha samAna rUpa se milate haiM Aja maraNavibhakti Adi prakIrNakoM kA bhagavatI ArAdhanA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI apekSita hai, kyoMki yaha grantha yApanIya paramparA meM nirmita huA hai aura yApanIya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko mAnya karate the| ataH donoM .
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________________ jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA paramparAoM meM kAphI kucha AdAna-pradAna huA hai| isI prakAra yApanIya paramparA ke grantha bRhadkathAkoza meM bhI maraNavibhakti, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka Adi kI aneka kathAe~ saMkalita hai merI dRSTi meM bRhadakathAkoza kI kathAoM kA mUla srota cAhe prakIrNaka grantha rahe hoM, kintu granthakAra ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI kathAoM kA anukaraNa karake hI yaha grantha likhA haiN| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki donoM paramparAoM ke samAdhimaraNa sambandhI ina granthoM evaM unakI kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta karane kI / yadyapi maiM isa Alekha meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko prastuta karanA cAhatA thA, kintu samaya sImA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vartamAna meM yaha sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai| samAdhimaraNa kI yaha avadhAraNA ati prAcIna hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI zramaNa aura brAhmaNa- ina donoM paramparAoM meM isake ullekha milate haiM, jisakI vistRta carcA hamaneM 'samAdhimaraNa ( mRtyuvaraNa): eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' nAmaka lekha meM kI hai| vastutaH yahA~ hamArA vivecya mAtra ardhamAgadhI Agama hai| inameM AcArAGgasUtra prAcIna evaM prathama aGga- Agama hai AcArAGgasUtra ke anusAra samatva yA vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA hI dharma kA mUlabhUta prayojana hai| AcArAGgakAra kI dRSTi meM samatva yA vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka tattva mamatva hai| isa mamatva kA ghanIbhUta kendra vyakti kA apanA zarIra hotA hai| ataH AcArAGgakAra nirmamatva kI sAdhanA hetu deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| samAdhimaraNa deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA kA hI prayAsa hai| yaha na to AtmahatyA hai aura na jIvana se bhAgane kA prayatna apitu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI aparihArya banI mRtyu kA svAgata hai| vaha deha ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM kA tyAga karake dehAtIta hokara jIne kI eka kalA hai| AcArAGgasUtra aura samAdhimaraNa AcArAGgasUtra meM jina paristhitiyoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI anuzaMsA kI gayI hai, ve vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya haiN| sarvaprathama to AcArAGga meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha usake prathama zrutaskandha ke vimokSa nAmaka aSTama adhyayana meM huA hai| yaha adhyayana vizeSa rUpa se zarIra, AhAra, vastra Adi ke prati nirmamatva evaM unake visarjana kI carcA karatA hai| isameM vastra evaM AhAra ke vijarsana kI prakriyA ko samajhAte hue hI anta meM deha visarjana kI sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| AcArAGgasUtra samAdhimaraNa kina sthitiyoM meM liyA jA sakatA hai, isakI saMkSipta kintu mahattvapUrNa vivecanA prastuta karatA hai| isameM samAdhimaraNa svIkAra karane kI tIna sthitiyoM kA ullekha hai-- 1. jaba zarIra itanA azakta va glAna ho gayA ho ki vyakti saMyama ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane meM asamartha ho aura muni ke AcAra niyamoM ko bhaMga karake hI jIvana bacAnA sambhava ho, to aisI sthiti meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki AcAra niyamoM ke ullaMghana kI apekSA deha kA visarjana hI naitika hai| AcAra maryAdA kA ullaMghana karake jIvana 427 kA rakSaNa vareNya nahIM hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba sAdhaka yaha jAne ki vaha nirbala aura maraNAntika roga se AkrAnta ho gayA hai, niyama yA maryAdA pUrvaka AhAra Adi prApta karane meM asamartha hai, to vaha AhArAdi kA parityAga kara zarIra ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM ko banda kara de| isase deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA pUrNa hotI hai| 2. jaba vyakti ko lage ki apanI vRddhAvasthA athavA asAdhya roga ke kAraNa usakA jIvana pUrNataH dUsaroM para nirbhara ho gayA hai, vaha saMgha ke lie bhAra svarUpa bana gayA hai tathA apanI sAdhanA karane meM bhI asamartha ho gayA hai to aisI sthiti meM vaha AhArAdi kA tyAga karake deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA karate hue deha kA visarjana kara sakatA hai| 3. isI prakAra sAdhaka ko jaba yaha lage ki sadAcAra yA brahmacarya kA khaNDana kie binA jIvana jInA sambhava nahIM hai, arthAt caritranAza aura jIvita rahane meM eka hI vikalpa sambhava hai to vaha tatkAla bhI zvAsa nirodha Adi karake apanA dehapAta kara sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ mUla pATha meM zIta-sparza hai, jisakA TIkAkAroM ne brahmacarya ke bhaGga kA avasara aisA artha kiyA hai, kintu mUla pATha aura pUrvaprasaGga ko dekhate hue isakA yaha artha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jisa muni ne acelatA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, vaha zIta sahana na kara pAne kI sthiti meM cAhe deha tyAga kara de, kintu niyama bhaGga na kre| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAGgakAra na to jIvana ko asvIkAra hI karatA aura na vaha jIvana se bhAgane kI bAta kahatA hai| vaha to mAtra yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki jaba mRtyu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI ho aura AcAra-niyama arthAt lI gaI pratijJA bhaGga kie binA jIvana jInA sambhava nahIM hai, to aisI sthiti meM mRtyu kA varaNa karanA hI ucita hai| isI prakAra dUsaroM para bhAra banakara jInA athavA jaba zarIra vyaktigata sAdhanA athavA samAja sevA donoM ke lie sArthaka nahIM raha gayA ho, aisI sthiti meM bhI yenakena-prakAreNa zarIra ko bacAne ke prayatna kI apekSA mRtyu kA varaNa hI ucita hai jaba sAdhaka ko yaha lage ki sadAcAra aura muni AcAra ke niyamoM kA bhaGga karake AhAra evaM auSadhi ke dvArA tathA zItanivAraNa ke lie vastra athavA agni Adi ke upayoga dvArA hI zarIra ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai athavA bahmacarya ko bhaGga karake hI jIvita rahA jA sakatA hai to usake lie mRtyu kA varaNa hI ucita hai| AcArAGgakAra ne naitika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura jIvana ke saMrakSaNa meM upasthita vikalpa kI sthiti meM mRtyu ke varaNa ko hI vareNya mAnA hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha spaSTa nirdeza detA hai ki aisA vyakti mRtyu kA varaNa kara le| yaha usake lie kAla-mRtyu hI hai, kyoMki isake dvArA vaha saMsAra kA anta karane vAlA hotA hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki yaha maraNa vimoha Ayatana hitakara, sukhakara kAlocita, niHzreyasa aura bhaviSya ke lie kalyANakArI hotA hai| AcArAGgasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa ke tIna rUpoM kA ullekha huA-- bhaktapratyAkhyAna ibritimaraNa, " 3
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________________ 428 prAyopagamana usameM samAdhimaraNa ke lie do tathya Avazyaka mAne gae haiM- pahalA kaSAyoM kA kRzIkaraNa aura dUsarA zarIra kA kRzIkaraNa / isameM bhI mukhya uddezya to kaSAyoM kA kRzIkaraNa hai / bhaktaparijJA meM prathama to muni ke lie kalpa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura usake anta meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki akalpa kA sevana karane kI apekSA zarIra kA visarjana kara denA hI ucita hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba bhikSu ko yaha anubhava ho ki merA zarIra aba itanA durbala athavA roga se AkrAnta ho gayA hai ki gRhasthoM ke ghara bhikSA hetu paribhramaNa karanA mere lie sambhava nahIM hai, sAtha hI mujhe gRhastha ke dvArA mere sammukha lAyA gayA AhAra Adi grahaNa karanA yogya nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM ekAkI sAdhanA karane vAle jinakalpI muni ke lie AhAra kA tyAga karake saMthArA grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| yadyapi AcArAGgasUtra ke anusAra saMghastha muni kI bImArI athavA vRddhAvasthAjanya zArIrika durbalatA kI sthiti meM AhArAdi se eka-dUsare kA upakAra arthAt sevA kara sakate haiM, kintu isa sambandha meM bhI cAra vikalpoM kA ullekha huA hai 1. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM ( sAdharmika bhikSuoM ke lie) AhAra Adi lAUMgA aura (unake dvArA) lAyA huA svIkAra bhI kruuNgaa| - jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 athavA 2. koI yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM (dUsaroM ke lie) AhAra Adi nahIM lAU~gA, kintu (unake dvArA) lAyA huA svIkAra kruuNgaa| athavA 3. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM (dUsaroM ke lie) AhAra Adi lAUMgA, kintu unake dvArA lAyA svIkAra nahIM karUMgA / athavA 4. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM na to (dUsaroM ke lie) AhAra Adi lAUMgA aura na (unake dvArA) lAyA huA svIkAra uparokta cAra vikalpoM meM se jo bhikSu prathama do vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai, vaha AhArAdi ke lie saMghasya muniyoM kI sevA le sakatA hai kintu jo antima do vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai, usake lie AhArAdi ke liye dUsaroM kI sevA lene meM pratijJA bhaGga kA doSa AtA hai| aisI sthiti meM AcArAGgakAra kA mantavya yahI hai ki pratijJA bhaGga nahIM karanI cAhiye, bhale hI bhaktapratyAkhyAna kara deha tyAga karanA pdd'e| AcArAGgakAra ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM jaba bhikSu ko yaha saMkalpa utpanna ho ki maiM isa samaya saMyama sAdhanA ke lie isa zarIra ko vahana karane meM glAna (asamartha ) ho rahA hU~, taba vaha kramazaH AhAra kA saMvartana (saMkSepa) kre| AhAra kA saMkSepa kara kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) ko kRza kre| kaSAyoM ko kRza kara samAdhipUrNa bhAva vAlA zarIra aura kaSAya donoM ora se kRza banA huA vaha bhikSu phala kA vasthita ho samAdhimaraNa ke lie utthita (prayatnazIla) hokara zarIra kA utsarga kre| saMthArA grahaNa karane kA nizcaya kara lene ke pazcAt vaha kisa prakAra samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kare isakA ullekha karate hue AcArAGgakAra kahatA hai ki aise bhikSu grAma, nagara, karvaTa, Azrama Adi meM jAkara ghAsa kI yAcanA kare aura use prApta kara gAMva ke bAhara ekAMta meM jAkara jIva-jantu, bIja, harita Adi se rahita sthAna ko dekhakara ghAsa kA bistara taiyAra kare aura usa para sthita hokara itvarika anazana athavA prAyopagamana svIkAra kreN| jJAtavya hai ki AcArAGgakAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna, iGgitimaraNa aura prAyopagamana aise tIna prakAra ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karatA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAna meM mAtra AhArAdi kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, kintu zArIrika halana calana aura gamanAgamana kI koI maryAdA nizcita nahIM kI jAtI hai| iGgitamaraNa meM AhAra tyAga ke sAtha hI sAtha zArIrika halana-calana aura gamanAgamana kA eka kSetra nizcita kara liyA jAtA hai aura usake bAhara gamanAgamana kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai| prAyopagamana yA pAdopagamana meM AhAra Adi ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika kriyAoM kA nirodha karate hue mRtyu paryanta nizcala rUpa se lakar3I ke takhte ke samAna sthira par3e rahanA par3atA hai| isIlie AcArAGgakAra ne prAyopagamana saMthAre ke pratyAkhyAna meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha likhA hai ki kAya, yoga evaM IrSyA kA pratyAkhyAna kreN| vastutaH yaha tInoM saMthAre kI kramika avasthAe~ haiN| AcArAGgasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa krama se nirmamatva kI sthiti ko prApta dhairyavAn, AtmanigrahI aura gatimAna sAdhaka isa advitIya samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA hetu tatpara ho vaha dharma ke pAragAmI jJAnapUrvaka anukrama se donoM hI prakAra ke Arambha kA (hiMsA kA ) parityAga kara deM vaha kaSAyoM ko kRza karate hue AhAra kI mAtrA ko bhI alpa kareM aura pariSoM ko sahana kreN| isa prakAra karate hue jaba ati glAna ho jAya to AhAra kA bhI tyAga kara deN| aisI sthiti meM na to jIvana kI AkAMkSA rakhe aura na maraNa kI, apitu jIvana evaM maraNa donoM meM hI Asakta na ho vaha nirjarApekSI madhyastha samAdhi bhAva kA anupAlana kare tathA rAga-dveSa Adi Antarika parigraha aura zarIra Adi bAhya parigraha kA tyAga kara zuddha adhyAtma kA anveSaNa kre| yadi use apane sAdhanAkAla meM kisI bhI rUpa meM AyuSya ke vinAza kA koI kAraNa jAna par3e, to vaha zIghra hI samAdhimaraNa kA prayatna kre| grAma athavA araNya meM jahA~ harita evaM prANiyoM Adi kA abhAva (alpatA) ho, usa sthaNDila bhUmi para tRNa kA bichaunA taiyAra kare aura vahA~ nirAhAra hokara zAnta bhAva se leTa jAye manuSya kRta athavA anya kisI prakAra ke parISaha se AkrAnta hone para bhI maryAdA kA ullaGghana na kare tathA pariSahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kre| AkAza meM vicaraNa karane vAle pakSI evaM reMgane vAle prANI yadi usake zarIra kA mAMsa noMce rakta pIye to bhI na unheM mAre aura na unakA nivAraNa kare tathA na usa sthAna se uThakara anyatra jAye, apitu yaha vicAra kareM ki ye prANI mere zarIra kA hI nAza kara rahe haiM, mere jJAnAdi guNoM .
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________________ jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA 429 kA nhiiN| vaha AsravoM se rahita evaM AtmatuSTa ho usa pIr3A ko samabhAva ke samaya bhaya se saMtrasta hotA hai aura hArane vAle dhUrta juArI kI se sahana kre| granthiyoM arthAt antara-bAhya parigraha se rahita mRtyu ke taraha zoka karatA akAma-maraNa ko arthAt niprayojana maraNa ko prApta avasara para pAraGgata bhikSu ke isa samAdhimaraNa ko saMyamI jIvana ke hotA hai, jabaki sakAma-maraNa paNDitoM ko prApta hotA hai| saMyata jitendriya lie adhika zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| puNyAtmAoM ko hI ati prasanna arthAt nirAkula evaM AdhAtarahita yaha bhaktapratyAkhyAna ke atirikta samAdhimaraNa kA eka rUpa iGgitimaraNa maraNa prApta hotA hai| aisA maraNa na to sabhI bhikSuoM ko milatA hai, batAyA hai| isameM sAdhaka dUsaroM se sevA lene kA trividha rUpa se parityAga na sabhI gRhasthoM ko| jo bhikSu hiMsA Adi se nivRtta hokara saMyama kara detA hai, aisA bhikSu hariyAlI para nahIM soe apitu jIvoM se rahita kA abhyAsa karate haiM, unheM hI aisA sakAma-maraNa prApta hotA hai| sthaNDila bhUmi para hI soe| vaha anAhAra bhikSu deha Adi ke prati uttarAdhyayanasUtra yaha spaSTa nirdeza detA hai ki medhAvI sAdhaka mamatva kA visarjana karake parISahoM se AkrAnta hone para unheM samabhAva bAlamaraNa va paNDitamaraNa kI tulanA karake sakAma-maraNa ko svIkAra se sahana kre| indriyoM ke glAna ho jAne para vaha muni samitipUrvaka kara maraNa kAla meM kSamA aura dayA dharma se yukta ho, tathAbhUta AtmabhAva hI apane hAtha-paira Adi kA saMkoca-vistAra kare, kyoMki jo acala meM maraNa kre| jaba maraNa kAla upasthita ho to jisa zraddhA se pravrajyA evaM samabhAva se yukta hotA hai vaha nindita nahIM hotaa| vaha jaba leTe-leTe svIkAra kI thI, usI zraddhA va zAnta bhAva se zarIra ke bheda arthAt yA baiThe-baiThe thaka jAya to zarIra ke saMdhAraNa ke lie thor3A gamanAgamana dehapAta kI pratijJA kre| mRtyu ke samaya Ane para tIna prakAra ke eka kare yA hAtha-pairoM ko hilAe, kintu sambhava ho to acetanavat nizceSTa se eka zreSTha samAdhimaraNoM se zarIra kA parityAga kre| ho jaaye| isa advitIya maraNa para AsIna vyakti una kASTha-stambhoM isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke paJcama adhyAya yA phalaka Adi kA sahArA na le, jo dImaka Adi se yukta ho athavA meM bhI unhIM tInoM prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kA ullekha hai jisakI carcA varjita ho| jo sAdhaka iGgitimaraNa se bhI uccatara prAyopagamana yA hama AcArAGgasUtra ke sambandha meM kara cuke haiN| phira bhI jJAtavya hai ki pAdopagamana saMthAre ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha sabhI aGgoM kA nirodha karake uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA yaha vivaraNa samAdhimaraNa ke hetu preraNA pradAna karane apane sthAna se calita nahIM hotA hai-yaha prAyopagamana, bhakta pratyAkhyAna kI hI dRSTi se hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mAtra upadezAtmaka vivaraNa hai| aura iGgitimaraNa kI apekSA uttama sthAna hai| aisA bhikSu jIva-jantu isameM kina paristhatiyoM meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAya isakI carcA se rahita bhUmi ko dekhakara vahA~ nizceSTa hokara rahe aura vahA~ apane zarIra nahIM hai| mAtra yatra-tatra samAdhimaraNa ke kucha saGketa hI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ko sthApita kara yaha vicAra kare ki jaba zarIra hI merA nahIM hai to meM samAdhimaraNa yA saMlekhanA ke kAla Adi ke sambandha meM aura usakI phira mujhe parISaha yA pIr3A kaisI? vaha saMsAra ke sabhI bhogoM ko nazvara prakriyA ke sambandha meM jo ullekha hai vaha usake 36veM adhyAya meM jAnakara, unameM Asakta na ho| devoM dvArA nimantrita hone para vaha deva isa prakAra se varNita haimAyA para zraddhA na kre| sabhI bhogoM meM amarchita hokara mRtya ke avasara aneka varSoM taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana karake muni isa anukrama kA pAragAmI vaha titikSA ko hI parama hitakara jAnakara nirmamatvabhAva se AtmA kI saMlekhanA ke vikAroM ko kSINa kre| utkRSTa saMlekhanA ko anyatama sAdhya maane| bAraha varSa kI hotI hai, madhyama eka varSa kI aura jaghanya chaha mAsa kI hotI hai| prathama cAra varSoM meM dugdha Adi vikRtiyoM kA ni!haNa-tyAga uttarAdhyayanasUtra aura samAdhimaraNa kareM, dUsare cAra varSoM meM vividha prakAra ke tapa kare, phira do varSoM taka isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAGgasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa ke ekAntara tapa (eka dina upavAsa aura phira eka dina bhojana) kreN| prakAra, usakI prakriyA tathA use kina sthitiyoM meM grahaNa kiyA jA bhojana ke dina AcAmla kre| usake bAda gyArahaveM varSa meM pahale chaha sakatA hai, isakI vistRta carcA hai| AcArAGgasUtra ke pazcAt prAcIna mahinoM taka koI bhI ativikRSTa (telA, caulA Adi) tapa na kre| stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama uttarAdhyayana meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa usake bAda chaha mahIne taka vikRSTa tapa kre| isa pUre varSa meM paripita usake 5veM evaM 36veM adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| usake pA~caveM adhyAya (pAraNoM ke dina) AcAmla kre| bArahaveM varSa meM eka varSa taka koTi meM sarvaprathama mRtyu ke do rUpoM kI carcA hai- 1. akAma-maraNa aura sahita arthAt nirantara, AcAmla karake phira muni pakSa yA eka mAsa 2. skaam-mrnn| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki akAma-maraNa bAra-bAra kA AhAra se tapa arthAt anazana kre| kAdapI, abhiyogI, kilbiSikI, hotA hai- jabaki sakAma-maraNa eka hI bAra hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mohI aura AsurI bhAvanAe~ durgati dene vAlI haiN| ye mRtyu ke samaya yahA~ akAma-karaNa kA tAtparya kAmanA se rahita maraNa na hokara Atma meM saMyama kI virAdhanA karatI haiN| ata: jo marate samaya mithyA-darzana puruSArtha se rahita niruddezya yA niSprayojanapUrvaka maraNa se hai| isI prakAra meM anurakta hai, nidAna se yukta hai aura hiMsaka hai, use bodhi bahuta sakAma-maraNa kA tAtparya puruSArtha yA sAdhanA se yukta soddezyamaraNa yA durlabha hai| jo samyagdarzana meM anurakta hai, nidAna se rahita hai, zukla-lezyA mukti ke prayojanapUrvaka maraNa se hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra meM avagAr3ha- praviSTa hai, use bodhi sulabha hai| jo jina vacana meM anurakta akAma-karaNa karane vAlA vyakti saMsAra meM Asakta hokara anAcAra kA hai, jina vacanoM kA bhAvapUrvaka AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha nirmala aura sevana karatA hai aura kAma-bhogoM ke pIche bhAgatA hai, aisA vyakti mRtyu rAgAdi se asaMkliSTa hokara parIta saMsArI (parimita saMsAra vAlA) hotA hai|
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________________ 430 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 anya aGga-Agama aura samAdhimaraNa upAsakadazAsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Ananda, kAmadeva, sakaDAlaputra, AcArAGgasUtra va uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke pazcAt ardhamAgadhI meM culinIpitA Adi daza gRhastha upAsakoM dvArA samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane sthAnAGgasUtra aura samavAyAGgasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita mAtra kucha aura unameM vighnoM ke upasthita hone tathA Ananda ko isa avasthA meM saGketa haiN| sthAnAGgasUtra (2/4) meM do-do ke vargoM meM vibhAjita karate vistRta avadhijJAna utpanna hone, gautama ke dvArA Ananda se kSamA-yAcanA hue zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA anumodita maraNoM kA ullekha hai| karane Adi ke ullekha haiN| isI prakAra antakRtdazAsUtra meM kucha zramaNoM mahAvIra ne zramaNa-nirgranthoM ke lie do prakAra ke maraNa kabhI bhI varNita, aura AryikAoM dvArA samAdhimaraNa svIkAra karane aura usa dazA meM kIrtita, ukta, prazaMsita aura ananumodita nahIM kiye haiM- valanmaraNa kaivalya evaM mokSa prApta karane ke nirdeza haiN| kintu vistAra bhaya se aura vshaartmrnn| isI prakAra nidAnamaraNa aura tadbhavamaraNa, giripatana ina sabakI carcA meM jAnA hama yahA~ Avazyaka nahIM smjhte| itanA aura tarupatanamaraNa, jalapravezamaraNa aura agnipravezamaraNa, viSabhakSaNamaraNa avazya jJAtavya hai ki inameM se kucha kathAoM ke nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA aura shaastraavpaatnmrnn| ye do-do prakAra ke maraNa zramaNa-nirgranthoM ke meM maraNavibhakti meM tathA acela paramparA ke bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI lie zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kabhI bhI varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazaMsita pAye jAte haiN| yahA~ hama kevala antakRtdazAsUtra (varga8, adhyAya1) aura anumodita nahIM kiye haiN| kintu kAraNa-vizeSa hone para vaihAyasa kA vaha ullekha karanA cAheMge jisameM sAdhaka kisa sthiti meM samAdhimaraNa (vairavAnasa) aura gRddhapRSTha ye do maraNa anumodita kiye haiN| zramaNa mahAvIra grahaNa karatA thA, isakA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai - ne zramaNa-nirgranthoM ke lie do prakAra ke maraNa sadA varNita, kIrtita, "tatpazcAt kAlI AryA, usa urAla-pradhAna, vipula, dIrghakAlIna, ukta, prazaMsita aura anumodita kiye haiM- prAyopagamanamaraNa aura bhakta vistIrNa, sazrIka-zobhAsampanna, guru dvArA pradatta athavA prayatnasAdhya, prtyaakhyaanmrnn| prAyopagamanamaraNa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- nirhArima bahumAnapUrvaka gRhIta, kalyANakArI, nirogatA-janaka, ziva-mukti ke aura anirhaarim| prAyopagamanamaraNa niyamataH apratikarma hotA hai| kAraNa-bhUta, dhanya, mAGgalya, pApavinAzaka, udagra-tIvra, udAra-niSkAma bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- nirima aura hone ke kAraNa audArya vAle, uttama, ajJAna andhakAra se rahita aura ani rim| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa niyamataH sapratikarma hotA hai| mahAn prabhAva vAle, tapa-karma se zuSka, nIrasa zarIra vAlI, rukSa, mAMsa samavAyAGgasUtra (samavAya 17) meM maraNa ke nimna sataraha prakAroM rahita aura nasoM se vyApta ho gayI thii| jaise koI koyaloM se bharI kA ullekha huA hai - gAr3I ho, sUkhI lakar3iyoM se bharI gAr3I ho, pattoM se bharI gAr3I ho, 1. AvIcimaraNa, 2. avadhimaraNa, 3. AtyAntikamaraNa, dhUpa meM DAlakara sukhAI ho arthAt koyalA, lakar3I patte Adi khUba 4. valanmaraNa, 5. vazArtamaraNa, 6. anta:zalyamaraNa, 7. tadbhava maraNa, sUkhA liye gaye hoM aura phira gAr3I meM bhare gaye hoM, to vaha gAr3I 8. bAlamaraNa, 9. paNDitamaraNa, 10. bAlapaNDitamaraNa, 11. chadmastha- khar3a-khar3a AvAja karatI huI calatI hai aura ThaharatI hai, usI prakAra maraNa, 12. kevalimaraNa, 13. vaikhAnasamaraNa, 14. gRddhapRSTamaraNa, kAlI AryA hAr3oM kI khar3a-khar3AhaTa ke sAtha calatI thI aura 15. bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, 16. iGgitimaraNa evaM 17. paadopgmnmrnn|| khar3a-khar3AhaTa ke sAtha ThaharatI thii| vaha tapasyA se to upacita-vRddhi inameM se bAlapaNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, chadmasthamaraNa, kevalImaraNa, ko prApta thI, magara mAMsa aura rudhira se apacita-hrAsa ko prApta ho bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, iGgitimaraNa va prAyopagamanamaraNa kA sambandha gayI thii| bhasma ke samUha se AcchAdita agni kI taraha tapasyA ke samAdhimaraNa se hai| kinhIM sthitiyoM meM vaikhAnasamaraNa, gRddhapRSTamaraNa teja se dedIpyamAna vaha tapasteja kI lakSmI se atIva zobhAyamAna ho ko jaina paramparA meM bhI ucita mAnA gayA hai| kintu ye donoM apavAdika rahI thii| sthiti meM hI ucita mAne gaye haiM, jaise jaba brahmacarya ke pAlana aura eka dina rAtri ke pichale prahara meM kAlI AryA ke hRdaya meM skandamuni jIvana ke saMrakSaNa meM eka hI vikalpa ho, to aisI sthiti meM vaikhAnasamaraNa ke samAna yaha vicAra utpanna huA- "isa kaThora tapasAdhanA ke kAraNa dvArA zarIra tyAga ko ucita mAnA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavatI merA zarIra atyanta kRza ho gayA hai| tathApi jaba taka mere isa zarIra ArAdhanA meM bhI samavAyAGga ke samAna hI maraNa ke uparyukta sataraha prakAroM meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra-parAkrama hai, mana meM zraddhA, kA ullekha hai| yadyapi kahIM-kahIM unake nAma evaM krama meM antara dikhAyI dhairya evaM vairAgya hai taba taka mere liye ucita hai ki kala sUryodaya detA hai| udAharaNArtha samavAyAGga meM chadmasthamaraNa kA ullekha hai jabaki hone ke pazcAt AryA candanA se pUchakara, unakI AjJA prApta hone para, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| isake sthAna para usameM saMlekhanA jhUSaNA kA sevana karatI huI bhaktapAna kA tyAga karake, mRtyu osannamaraNa kA ullekha hai| samavAyAGgasUtra ke pazcAt jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra, ke prati niSkAma hokara vicaraNa kruuN|" aisA socakara vaha agale dina upAsakadazAsUtra, antakRtzAsUtra, anuttaraupapAtikadazAsUtra tathA vipAkadazA- sUryodaya hote hI jahA~ AryA candanA thI vahA~ AI aura vandanA-namaskAra sUtra, Adi aGga AgamoM meM jIvana ke antima kAla meM saMlekhanA dvArA kara isa prakAra bolI- "he AyeM! ApakI AjJA ho to maiM saMlekhanA zarIra tyAgane vAle sAdhakoM kI kathAe~ haiN| isameM bhagavatIsUtra meM ambar3a jhUSaNA karatI huI vicaranA cAhatI huuN|" AryA candanA ne kahA- "he saMnyAsI aura usake 500 ziSyoM ke dvArA adatta jala kA sevana nahIM devAnupriye! jaise tumheM sukha ho, vaisA kro| satkArya meM vilamba na kro|" karate hue gaGgA kI bAlU para samAdhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| taba AryA candanA kI AjJA pAkara kAlI AryA saMlekhanA jhUSaNA grahaNa
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________________ jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA 431 karake yAvat vicarane lgii| kAlI AryA ne AryA candanA ke pAsa bhI guru ke samIpa apane doSoM kI AlocanA karake mRtyu ke samaya sAmAyika se lekara gyAraha aGgoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura pUre ATha zuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| jo sAdhu maraNakAla meM Asakta nahIM varSa taka cAritradharma kA pAlana karake eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se AtmA hotA, vahI ArAdhaka hai| isa prakAra candravedhyaka mukhya rUpa se samAdhimaraNa ko jhoSita kara sATha bhakta kA anazana pUrNa kara, jisa hetu se saMyama karane vAle sAdhaka kI jIvana dRSTi kaisI honI cAhie, isakI carcA grahaNa kiyA thA yAvat usako antima zvAsocchvAsa taka pUrNa kiyA karatA hai| tathA siddha, buddha aura mukta ho gii| candravedhyaka ke pazcAt jo prakIrNaka grantha pUrNataH samAdhimaraNa kI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki antakRt dazA meM jaba zarIra pUrNatayA avadhAraNA ko hI apanA viSaya banAte haiM, unameM AturapratyAkhyAna aura glAna ho jAya, aisI sthiti meM hI samAdhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| mahApratyAkhyAna pramukha haiN| jJAtavya hai ki AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna kI lagabhaga prakIrNaka aura samAdhimaraNa eka sau gAthAe~ mUlAcAra ke saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura bRhad-pratyAkhyAna zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita jo grantha likhe nAmaka adhyayanoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| AturapratyAkhyAna ke nAma se gaye haiM, unameM candravedhyaka, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, saMstAraka, tIna prakIrNaka grantha upalabdha hote haiN| eka AturapratyAkhyAna meM tIsa bhaktaparijJA aura maraNavibhakti Adi pramukha haiN| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka gAthAe~ aura kucha gadya bhAga haiM, jabaki dUsare meM cautIsa gAthAe~ haiM aura kA antima lakSya to samAdhimaraNa kA nirUpaNa hI hai, kintu usakI tIsare meM ekahattara gAthAe~ haiN| vaise ina sabhI AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM vinaya guNa, AcArya guNa, vinayanigraha guNa, prakIrNakoM kA viSaya samAdhimaraNa hI hai| prathama AturapratyAkhyAna meM jJAna guNa aura caraNa guNadvAra nAmaka prathama pA~ca dvAroM meM samAdhimaraNa paJcamaGgala ke pazcAt arihaMta Adi se kSamA-yAcanA aura uttama artha se sambandhita viSayoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura anta meM chaThAM arthAt samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA ke lie 18 pApa sthAnoM kA aura samAdhimaraNa dvAra hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 175 gAthAe~ haiM, kintu kucha zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kA parityAga tathA anta meM sAgAra evaM nirAgAra pratiyoM meM 75 gAthAe~ aura bhI milatI haiM, jinameM se adhikAMza gAthAyeM samAdhimaraNa ke pratyAkhyAna kI carcA hai| isake anta meM saMsAra ke AturapratyAkhyAna meM yathAvat upalabdha hotI haiN| grantha ke anta meM maraNa sabhI prANiyoM se kSamA-yAcanA ke sandarbha meM 13 gAthAe~ haiM aura anta guNadvAra nAmaka saptama dvAra meM sabase adhika 58 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM meM ekatva bhAvanA kA ullekha hai| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki "jJAna-darzana akRtayogI aura kRta-yoga ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo se yukta eka merI AtmA hI zAzvata hai, zeSa sabhI bAhya padArtha sAMyogika vyakti viSaya-vAsanAoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jIvana jItA hai, vaha haiN| sAMyogika padArthoM ke prati mamatva hI duHkha paramparA kA kAraNa hai| akRta-yoga hai tathA jo isake viparIta vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM para niyantraNa ata: trividha rUpa se saMyoga kA parityAga kara denA caahie|" jJAtavya kara jIvana jItA hai vaha kRtayogI hai aura jo kRtayogI hai, usI kA hai ki ye gAthAe~ bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra ke sAtha-sAtha kuMdakuMda maraNa sArthaka hai yA samAdhimaraNa hai| isameM kisa prakAra kI jIvanadRSTi ke granthoM meM bhI yathAvata rUpa meM upalabdha hotI haiN| AturapratyAkhyAna va AcAra-vicAra kA pAlana karate hue vyakti samAdhimaraNa ko prApta nAmaka dUsare grantha meM avirati kA pratyAkhyAna, mamatvatyAga, deva ke kara sakatA hai, isakA vistRta vivecana hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki prati upAlambha, zubha bhAvanA, arahaMta Adi kA smaraNa tathA samAdhimaraNa jo samyaktva se yukta labdhabuddhi sAdhaka AlocanA karake maraNa ko ke aGgoM kI carcA hai| isI nAma ke tRtIya prakIrNaka meM ekahattara gAthAe~ prApta hotA hai, usakA maraNa zuddha hotA hai isake viparIta jo indriya haiN| isameM mukhya rUpa se bAlapaNDitamaraNa aura paNDitamaraNa aise do sukhoM kI ora daur3atA hai vaha akRta parikrama jIva ArAdhanA kAla prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| isameM prathama cAra gAthAoM meM vicalita ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra lakSya bheda kA sAdhaka apanA meM dezavratI zrAvaka ke lie bAlapaNDitamaraNa kA vidhAna hai| jabaki dhyAna bAhya viSayoM kI ora na lagAkara kevala lakSya kI ora rakhatA muni ke lie paNDitamaraNa kA vidhAna hai| isameM uttama artha samAdhimaraNa hai, usI prakAra jo vyakti rAga-dveSa kA nigraha karatA hai, tridaNDa aura kI prApti ke lie kisa prakAra ke dhyAnoM (vicAroM) kI AvazyakatA cAra kaSAyoM se apanI AtmA ko lipta nahIM hone detA, pA~coM indriyoM hai, isakI carcAyeM haiN| isake pazcAt saba pApoM ke pratyAkhyAna ke sAtha para niyantraNa rakhatA hai, vaha chaha jIva nikAya kI hiMsA evaM sAta bhayoM AtmA ke ekatva kI anubhUti kI carcA bhI hai| anta meM AlocanAdAyaka se rahita mArdava bhAva se yukta hotA hai, ATha madoM se rahita hokara nau aura AlocanAgrAhaka ke guNoM kI carcA karate hue tIna prakAra ke maraNoM prakAra se brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai tathA dasa dharma kA pAlana karate kI carcA kI gaI hai- bAlamaraNa, bAlapaNDitamaraNa, pnndditmrnn| hue zukla dhyAna ke abhimukha hotA hai aura vahI vyakti maraNakAla isake pazcAt asamAdhimaraNa ke phala kI carcA kI gayI hai aura phira meM kRtayogI hotA hai| jo vyakti jina upadiSTa samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bAlamaraNa aura paNDitamaraNa kyA hai? zastra-grahaNa, karatA hai, vaha dhUta kleza hokara bhAvazalyoM kA nivAraNa karake zuddha viSa-bhakSaNa, jala-praveza, agni-praveza Adi dvArA mRtya ko prApta karanA avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra sakuzala vaidya bhI apanI vyAdhi bAlamaraNa hai tathA isake viparIta anazana dvArA dehAsakti kA tyAga kara ko anya se kahakara usakI cikitsA karavAtA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu kaSAyoM ko kSINa karanA paNDitamaraNa hai| anta meM paNDitamaraNa kI
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________________ 432 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 bhAvanAe~ aura usakI vidhi kI carcA hai| samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prAcIna ATha granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita __mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNaka meM 142 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM bAhya huA eka saGkalana grantha hai| yadyapi isameM ina ATha granthoM kI gAthAe~ evaM Abhyantara parigraha kA parityAga, sarvajIvoM se kSamA-yAcanA, kahIM zabda rUpa meM, to kahIM bhAva rUpa se hI gRhIta haiN| phira bhI samAdhimaraNa AtmAlocana, mamatva kA chedana, AtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna, mUla evaM uttara sambandhita sabhI viSayoM ko eka sthAna para prastuta karane kI dRSTi se guNoM kI ArAdhanA, ekatva bhAvanA, saMyoga sambandhoM ke parityAga Adi yaha grantha ati mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 663 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha grantha saMkSipta kI carcA karate hue Alocaka ke svarUpa kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hote hue bhI bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke samAna hI apane viSaya ko samagra hai| isI prasaGga meM pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM samiti, gupti ke svarUpa kI rUpa se prastuta karatA hai| vistAra bhaya se yahA~ isakI samasta viSaya-vastu carcA bhI hai| sAtha hI sAtha tapa ke mahattva ko batAyA gayA hai| phira kA pratipAdana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| isameM 14 dvAra arthAt adhyayana akRta-yoga evaM kRta-yoga kI carcA karake paNDitamaraNa kI prarUpaNA haiN| isa grantha meM bhI saMstAraka ke samAna hI paNDita-maraNapUrvaka mukti kI gayI hai| isI prasaGga meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA kA bhI citraNa huA prApta karane vAle sAdhakoM ke dRSTAnta haiN| jinameM se adhikAMza bhagavatI hai| anta meM saMsArataraNa evaM karmoM se nistAra pAne kA upadeza dete ArAdhanA evaM saMstAraka meM milate haiN| isI grantha meM anitya Adi bAraha hue ArAdhanA rUpI patAkA ko phaharAne kA nirdeza hai| sAtha hI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA bhI vivecana hai| prakAra kI ArAdhanA va unake phaloM kI carcA karate hue dhIramaraNa isake atirikta ArAdhanApatAkA nAmaka eka grantha aura hai| yaha (samAdhimaraNa) kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA aisA kahanA hai ki saMstAraka prakIrNaka kA viSaya bhI samAdhimaraNa hI hai| isa prakIrNaka yaha grantha yApanIya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke AdhAra para AcArya vIrabhadra meM 122 gAthAe~ haiN| prArambha meM maGgala ke sAtha-sAtha kucha zreSTha vastuoM dvArA nirmita huA hai, kintu isa grantha meM bhaktaparijJA, piNDaniyukti aura sadguNoM kI carcA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa paramArtha, aura Avazyakaniyukti kI anekoM gAthAe~ bhI haiN| ata: yaha kisa grantha parama-Ayatana, paramakalpa aura paramagati kA sAdhaka hai| jisa prakAra ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai, yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| parvatoM meM meruparvata evaM tArAgaNoM meM candra zreSTha hai, usI prakAra suvihita isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita aneka janoM ke lie saMthArA zreSTha hai| isI meM Age 12 gAthAoM meM saMstAraka grantha paravartI zvetAmbarAcAryoM dvArA bhI likhe gaye haiM, jinameM pUrNa vistAra ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| isa prasaGga meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kauna ke sAtha samAdhimaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa hai, kintu ye grantha paravartIkAla vyakti samAdhimaraNa ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai? yaha grantha kSapaka ke lAbha ke haiM aura hama apane viSaya ko ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya taka hI evaM sukha kI carcA karatA hai| isameM saMthArA grahaNa karane vAle kucha sImita rakhane ke kAraNa inakI vizeSa carcA yahA~ nahIM karanA caaheNge| vyaktiyoM ke ullekha haiM, yathA- sukozala RSi, avanti-sukumAla, yaha samasta carcA bhI hamane saGketa rUpa meM hI kI hai| vidvAnoM se anurodha kArtikeya, pATalIputra ke caMdaka-putra (sambhavata: candragupta) tathA cANakya hai ki ve isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko Age bddh'aayeN| isa sambandha meM aadi| aneka Agamika vyAkhyA grantha jaise AcArAGganiyukti, sUtrakRtAGganiyukti, . jJAtavya hai ki isakI adhikAMza kathAe~ yApanIya grantha bhagavatI Avazyakaniyukti, nizIthabhASya, bRhatkalpabhASya, vyavahArabhASya, nizIthacUrNi ArAdhanA meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki saMstAraka Adi bhI unake upajIvya ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra AgamoM kI zIlAGka evaM maraNavibhakti meM varNita ina kathAoM kI bRhatkathAkoza tathA ArAdhanA aura abhayadeva kI vRttiyA~ bhI bahuta kucha sUcanAyeM pradAna kara sakatI koza se tulanA kreN| anta meM saMstAraka kI bhAvanAoM kA citraNa hai| haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kSapaka arthAt saMlekhanA lene vAle zramaNa ke isakI aneka gAthAe~ AturapratyAkhyAna evaM candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM maraNoparAnta deha ko kisa prakAra visarjita kiyA jAye, isakI carcA bhI milatI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura nizIthacUrNi meM samAna rUpa se milatI hai| AzA zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM sabase hai vidvAnoM kI AgAmI pIr3hI isa tulanAtmaka carcA ko pUrNatA pradAna vistRta grantha maraNavibhakti hai| vastuta: maraNavibhakti eka grantha na hokara kreNgii|