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________________ jainAgamoM kA vyAkhyA - sAhitya DaoN. jinendra jaina jaina AgamoM para pA~ca prakAra kA vyAkhyA - sAhitya upalabdha hai- 1. niyukti 2. bhASya 3. cUrNi 4 TIkA 5 TabbA evaM hindI Adi bhASAoM meM vivecana / niyukti evaM bhASya kI racanA prAkRta bhASA meM huI hai| cUrNi saMskRtamizrita prAkRta bhASA meM likhI gaI hai| TIkAe~ pUrNata: saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| TabbA gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI meM haiN| isake anantara hindI, aMgrejI aura gujarAtI meM anuvAda evaM vivecana hue haiN| jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM ke jainAgama vidvAn DaoN. jinendra jI ne niyukti, bhASya cUrNi evaM TIkA - ina cAra vidhAoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya se prastuta lekha meM paricita karAyA hai| - sampAdaka jaina paramparA meM Agama- sAhitya kA vahI sthAna hai jo vaidika paramparA meM veda kA tathA bauddha paramparA meM tripiTaka kA / Apta vacana ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kI surakSita vANI hI Agama sAhitya hai / ina AgamoM meM na kevala dharma, darzana, adhyAtma kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, balki jJAna-vijJAna ke ye akSaya koza kahe jAte haiM / samAja, saMskRti, itihAsa, bhUgola, khagola, paryAvaraNa, Arthika cintana sahita dharma, darzana, nyAya jaise vibhinna viSaya isameM samAhita haiM T jaina AgamoM ko aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhA ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| dvAdazAMga aMgapraviSTa ke antargata tathA zeSa aMgabAhya ke aMtargata parigaNita haiN| AgamoM kA prAcInatama vargIkaraNa aMga evaM pUrva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| AryarakSita ne cAra anuyogoM meM sampUrNa Agama ko vibhAjita kiyaa| AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI anuyoga ke AdhAra para AgamoM . kA vibhAjana kiyA hai| lekina aMga, upAMga, mUla evaM cheda yaha uttaravartI vargIkaraNa hai| jaina paramparA meM AgamoM kI saMkhyA 32, 45 evaM 84 mAnI gayI hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra aMga Agama upalabdha nahIM haiN| zruta paramparA ke naSTa hone se unakA kisI ko bhI jJAna zeSa nahIM rahA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 AgamoM ko tathA sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya 32 AgamoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaina Agama sUtrabaddha hone se unako vyAkhyAyita karanA ati Avazyaka thaa| Agama saMkalana ke sAtha hI AcAryoM ne vyAkhyA sAhitya likhanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| sarvaprathama AcArya bhadrabAhu ne daza Agama graMthoM para prAkRta padyabaddha niryukti sAhitya likhA / tatpazcAt anya AcAryoM ne niyuktiyoM evaM svataMtra AgamoM para bhASya likhe / bhASya bhI prAkRta padyabaddha haiN| isake bAda cUrNi TIkA graMtha bhI vyAkhyA sAhitya ke rUpa meM likhe gae, jinakA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai---
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________________ PARAN 476, jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSADaka (1) niyukti sAhitya niyukti zabda ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyakaniyukti(gAthA 82) meM kahA hai- 'nijjuttA te atthA, jaM buddhA teNa hoi nijjuttI / sUtrArthayoH pararaparaM niryojana sambandhana niyuktiH / -A.ni.ga.TIkA patra 100 AvazyakacUrNi meM kahA gayA hai-suttanijjuttaatthanijjUhaNaM nijuttii| ukta paribhASAoM se yahI phalita hotA hai ki sUtra meM niyukta (prakaTa vidyamAna) artha kI vyAkhyA karanA niyukti hai| AcArya zIlAMka, jinadAsagaNi, koTyAcArya evaM anya TIkAkAroM ne yahI artha niyukti kA kiyA hai| ata: zabda kA sahI artha prakaTa karanA hI niyukti hai| tatkAlIna pracalita zabda ke aneka arthoM ko batAkara aMta meM prastuta artha kA prakaTIkaraNa ho niyukti kA prayojana hai| jise niyuktikAra ne sAhitya meM nikSepa paddhati mAnA hai| niyukti' AgamoM para prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhA huA saMkSipta vivecana hai| isameM viSaya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie aneka kathAnaka, udAharaNa aura dRSTAntoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, jinakA ullekha mAtra vahAM milatA hai| yaha sAhitya itanA sAMketika aura saMkSipta hai ki binA bhASya aura TIkA ke samyak prakAra se samajha meM nahIM aataa| isalie TIkAkAroM ne mUla Agama ke sAtha-sAtha niyuktiyoM para bhI TIkAeM likhI haiN| piNDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti AgamoM ke mUla sUtroM meM ginI gaI hai, isase niyukti sAhitya kI prAcInatA kA patA calatA hai ki valabhI vAcanA ke samaya IsvI san kI pAMcavI-chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva (cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM) hI niyuktiyAM likhI jA cukI thii| AcArya bhadrabAhu hI eka mAtra aise AcArya haiM, jinhoMne Agama-saMkalana ke samaya se hI niyuktiyAM likhanA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| unhoMne AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sUryaprajJapti, vyavahAra, kalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika aura RSibhASita-ina dasa sUtroM para niyuktiyAM likhI haiN| iname se sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita kI niyuktiyAM anupalabdha haiN| isake sAtha hI piNDaniyukti, oghaniyukti kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ArAdhanAniyukti kA ullekha mUlAcAra (5.82) meM kiya gayA hai| AcArAMga niyukti- AcArAMga sUtra para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne prathama zrutaskandha ke ATha adhyayanoM (sAtavAM vyucchinna hai) aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI cAra cUlikAoM (pAMcavI cUlikA nizItha niyukti ke rUpa meM pRthak upalabdha hai jo nizIthabhASya meM sammilita ho gaI) para 356 gAthAoM meM niyukti likhI hai| ina para zIlAMka ne mahApariNNA nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana kI dasa gAthAo ko chor3akara TIkA kI hai| sUtrakRtAMganiyukti- sUtrakUTAMganiyukti meM 20, gavAe haiN| usameM
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________________ jainAgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya 427 RSibhASitasUtra kA ullekha hai| isa graMtha meM gautama (govratika), caNDIdevaka (cakradharaprAyAH - TIkA) vAribhadraka (jalapAna karane vAle), agnihotravAdI tathA jala ko pavitra mAnane vAle sAdhuoM kA nAmollekha hai / kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdiyoM ke bheda-prabheda ginAe gae haiN| pArzvastha avasanna aura kuzIla nAmaka nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke sAtha paricaya karane kA isameM niSedha hai / sUryaprajJaptiniryukti- paramparAnusAra bhadrabAhu ne sUryaprajJapti ke Upara niyukti kI racanA kI thI, lekina TIkAkAra malayagiri ke kathanAnusAra kalikAla ke doSa se yaha niyukti naSTa ho gaI hai, isalie unhoMne kevala sUtroM kI hI vyAkhyA kI hai| bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra aura nizIthaniryukti- bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtra para bhI bhadrabAhu ne niryukti likhI thI / bRhatkalpaniryukti saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ke laghubhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha aura vyavahAraniyukti vyavahAra bhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha mizrita ho gaI hai| nizItha kI niyukti bhI nizIthabhASya ke sAtha mila gaI hai| dazAzrutaskandhaniryukti dazAzrutaskandha jitanA laghu hai utanI hI laghu dasa adhyayanoM para niyukti likhI gaI hai| niyuktikAra ne Arambha meM prAcInagotrIya antima zrutakevalI tathA dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ke praNetA bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai / dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra kA yahAM eka sAtha kathana hai| AThaveM adhyayana kI niyukti meM paryuSaNakalpa kA vyAkhyAna hai / parivasaNa, yajjusaNa, pajjosamaNa, vAsAvAsa, paDhamasamosaraNa, ThavaNA, jeThoggah (jyeSThagraha) ina paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti- uttarAdhyayana sUtra para bhadrabAhu ne 559 gAthAoM meM niyukti kI racanA kI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke pUre sabhI chattIsa adhyayanoM para niyukti likhI gaI hai| isa niyukti meM gaMdhAra zrAvaka, tosaliputra, AcArya sthUlabhadra, skandaputra, RSi pArAzara, kAlaka tathA karakaMDU Adi pratyeka buddha tathA harikezI, mRgAputra Adi kI kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ATha nihnavoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai / bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoM dvArA rAjagRha meM vaibhAra parvata kI guphA meM zIta -samAdhi grahaNa kie jAne tathA muni suvarNabhadra ke maccharoM kA ghora upasarga (mazaka- paripIta - zoNita-macchara jinake zoNita ko pI gae hoM) sahana kara kAlagata hone kA kathana hai| kamboja ke ghor3oM kA ullekha hai| kahIM-kahIM manoraMjaka uktiyoM ke rUpa meM mAgadhikAeM bhI mila jAtI hai| Avazyaka niryukti- AvazyakasUtra meM pratipAdita chaha AvazyakoM kA yahAM vivecana hai| sarvaprathama haribhadrasUri ne isa para ziSyahitA nAma kI vRtti likhii| unakA anusaraNa karake bhaTTAraka jJAnasAgara mUrti ne avacUrNi kI racanA kI,
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________________ 48 jinavANI-- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka jo mAnavijaya dvArA saMzodhita hokara seTha devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra koza, sUrata se 1965 meM prakAzita kI gii| tatpazcAt malayagiri dvArA racita Avazyaka niyukti TIkA tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita huii| mANikyazekhara suri ne Avazyaka niyukti dIpikA likhI(tIna bhAgoM meM prkaashit)| aura bhI aneka avacUrNiyAM isa niyukti para likhI gii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA racita vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya eka svatantra graMtha hai, phira bhI ise Avazyakaniyukti kA bhASya kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki isa niyukti para vipula sAhitya kI racanA kI gii| dazavaikAlikaniyukti- dazavakAlika para bhadrabAhu ne 371 gAthAoM kI niyukti likhI hai| niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAeM mizrita ho gaI haiN| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM pratipAdita drumapuSpikA Adi sabhI dasa adhyayanoM para niyukti kI racanA kI gaI hai| isameM aneka laukika aura dhArmika kathAnakoM tathA sUktiyoM dvArA sUtrArtha kA spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai| hiMguziva, gaMdhavikA, subhadrA, mRgAvatI, naladAma aura govindavAcaka Adi kI aneka kathAeM yahAM varNita haiN| ina kathAoM kA prAyaH nAmollekha hI niyukti-gAthAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, inheM vistAra se samajhane ke lie cUrNi athavA TIkA kI zaraNa lenA Avazyaka hai| RSibhASitaniyukti- bhadrabAhu dvArA racita "RSibhASita' nAmaka graMtha para likhI gaI niyukti anupalabdha hone se usake viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta nahIM .. . .(2) bhASya sAhitya niyukti kI bhAMti bhASya bhI prAkRta gAthAoM meM saMkSipta zailI meM likhe gae haiN| bRhatkalpa, dazavaikAlika Adi sUtroM ke bhASya aura niyukti kI gAthAeM paraspara atyadhika mizrita ho gaI haiM, isalie alaga se unakA adhyayana karanA kaThina hai| niyuktiyoM kI bhASA ke samAna bhASyoM kI bhASA bhI mukhya rUpa se ardhamAgadhI hI hai, aneka sthaloM para mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ke prayoga bhI dekhane meM Ate haiN| isa sAhitya meM mukhya chanda AryA hai| bhASyoM kA samaya sAmAnya taura para IsvI san kI lagabhaga cauthI--pA~cavI zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASyasAhitya meM vizeSa rUpa meM nizIthabhASya, vyavahArabhASya aura bRhatkalpabhASya kA sthAna atyanta mahattva kA hai| isa sAhitya meM aneka prAcIna anuzrutiyAM, laukika kathAeM aura nirgranthoM ke paramparAgata prAcIna AcAra-vicAra kI vidhiyoM Adi kA pratipAdana hai| jaina zramaNa-saMgha ke prAcIna itihAsa ko samyak prakAra se samajhane ke lie ukta tInoM bhASyoM kA gambhIra adhyayana Avazyaka hai| saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa, jo vasudevahiNDI ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka se
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________________ dition jainAgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya kA bhinna haiM, kalpalaghubhASya aura paMcakalpabhASya ke kartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI kucha Agama graMthoM para bhASya likhe haiM, kucha saMghadAsagaNikRta tathA kucha jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA bhASya likhe gaye haiN| AgamoM para likhe gaye pramukha bhASya haiM-- 1. bRhatkalpa laghubhASya 2. bRhatkalpa bRhatbhASya(yaha apUrNa hai, tIsare apUrNa uddezaka taka prApta), 3. mahat paMcakalpabhASya 4. vyavahAra laghubhASya 5. vyavahAra bRhatbhASya (aprApta) 6. nizItha laghubhASya 7. nizItha bRhatbhASya (aprApta) 8. vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya 9. jItakalpa 10 uttarAdhyayana 11. AvazyakasUtramUlabhASya 12. Avazyaka sUtrabhASya, 13. oghaniyukti laghubhASya 14. oghaniyukti mahAbhASya 15. dazavaikAlika bhASya 16. piNDaniyukti bhaassy| mahAkAya bhASyoM (mahAbhASyoM) kI saMkhyA ATha hai-vizeSAvazyaka, bRhatkalpalaghu, bRhatkalpabRhat, paMcakalpa, vyavahAralaghu, nizIthalaghu, jItakalpa aura odhniyuktimhaabhaassy| mahAbhASya do prakAra se likhe gae haiM. 1. jina para laghubhASya nahIM, sIdhe niyukti para svataMtra mahAbhASya, jaise vizeSAvazyaka-mahAbhASya aura oghaniyukti mahAbhASya 2. laghubhASya ko lakSya meM rakhakara mahAbhASya, jaise bRhatkalpabhASya (yaha mahAbhASya apUrNa hai)| nizItha aura vyavahAra para bhI mahAbhASya likhe gae the, lekina ve anupalabdha nizItha laghubhASya- nizItha, kalpa aura vyavahAra bhASya ke praNetA saMghadAsagaNi mAne gae haiM, jo vasudevahiNDI ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNivAcaka se bhinna haiN| nizItha laghu-bhASya kI aneka gAthAeM bRhatkalpalaghu-bhASya se milatI haiN| yaha bhASya bIsa uddezoM meM 6703 gAthAoM meM likhA gayA hai| sarvaprathama pIThikA meM sasa, elAsADha, mUladeva aura khaNDA nAma ke cAra dhUrtI kI manoraMjaka kathA dI gaI hai, jisakA AdhAra ajJAtakartRka dhuttakkhANaga (dhUrtAkhyAnaka) nAmaka grantha batAyA gayA hai| bhASya meM yaha kathA atyanta saMkSepa meM dI gaI hai, jise cUrNikAra ne vistRta rUpa se diyA hai| Age calakara yaha haribhadrasUri ke dhuttakkhANaga nAmaka kathAgrantha kA AdhAra bnaa| kathA kahAniyoM Adi ke mAdhyama se sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra saMbaMdhI aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA pratipAdana yahAM upalabdha hotA hai| vyavahAra bhASya-nizItha aura bRhatkalpabhASya kI bhAMti vyavahArabhASya bhI parimANa meM kAphI bar3A hai| malayagiri ne isa para vivaraNa likhA hai| vyavahAraniyukti aura vyavahArabhASya kI gAthAeM paraspara mizrita ho gaI haiN| isa bhASya meM dasa uddezakoM meM AlocanA, prAyazcitta, gaccha, padavI, vihAra, mRtyu, upAzraya, pratimAeM Adi viSayoM ko lekara sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, tapa. prAyazcita aura prasaMgavaza deza-deza ke rItirivAja Adi kA varNana hai|
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________________ Parasi 480 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGakA isameM AlocanA Adi padoM kI vyAkhyApUrvaka zuddha bhAva se AlocanA karanA, kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta sAdhuoM kI sevA-suzrUSA karanA, sAdhuoM ke vihAra kI vidhi, sAdhu-sAzviyoM ko apane sage-saMbaMdhiyoM ke ghara se AhAra Adi grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA vidhAna, anya samudAya se Ane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko apane samudAya meM lene ke niyamoM kA vivecana tathA unake zayana, bAla dIkSA-vidhi Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpa laghubhASya-saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa isa bhASya ke racayitA haiN| bRhatkalpa ke sUtroM kA isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pIThikA ke atirikta yaha chaha uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| bRhatkalpa-laghubhASya kI pIThikA meM 805 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM jJAnapaMcaka, samyaktva, sUtrapariSad, sthaMDilabhUmi, pAtralepa, gocaryA, basati kI rakSA, vastragrahaNa, avagraha, vihAra Adi kA varNana hai| striyoM ke lie bhUyavATa (dRSTivAda) par3hane kA niSedha hai| isameM zrAvakabhAryA, sAptapadika, koMkaNadAraka, nakula, kamalAmelA, zaMba kA sAhasa aura zreNika ke krodha kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| bRhatkalpa-bRhatbhASya- yaha bhASya adhUrA hI upalabdha hai| isa bhASya meM pIThikA aura prArambha ke do uddezaka pUrNa haiM, aura tIsarA uddezaka apUrNa hai| bRhatkalpa- laghubhASyagata viSayoM kA hI yahAM vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jItakalpabhASya- jItakalAbhASya para jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA svopajJa bhASya hai| yaha bhASya vastuta: bRhatkalpa laghubhASya, vyavahAra bhASya, paMcakalpa mahAbhASya aura piNDaniyukti Adi graMthoM kI gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai| inameM pAMca jJAna, prAyazcitta sthAna, bhaktaparijJA kI vidhi, iMginImaraNa aura pATopagamana kA lakSaNa, gupti-samiti kA svarUpa, jJAna-darzana-cAritra ke aticAra, utpAdanA kA svarUpa, grahaNaiSaNA kA lakSaNa, dAna kA svarUpa Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yahAM krodha ke lie kSapaka, mAna ke lie kSullaka, mAyA ke lie ASAr3habhUti, lobha ke lie siMhakesara, modaka ke icchuka kSapaka, vidyA ke lie bauddha upAsaka, mantra ke lie pAdalipta aura muruNDarAja, cUrNa ke lie kSullakadvaya aura yoga ke lie brahmadvIpavAsI tApasoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kie gae haiN| uttarAdhyayanabhASya- zAntisUri kI pAiyaTIkA meM bhASya kI kucha hI gAthAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| anya bhASya kI gAthAoM kI bhAMti isa bhASya kI gAthAeM bhI niyukti ke sAtha mizrita ho gaI haiN| inameM boTika kI utpatti tathA pulAka. bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka nAma ke jaina nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| isameM kevala 45 gAthAeM haiN| AvazyakabhASya- Avazyaka sUtra para mUlabhASya, bhASya aura vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya likhe gae haiN| isa sUtra kI niyukti meM 1623 gAthAeM haiM, jabaki bhASya meM kula 2.3 gAthAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| yahA bhI bhASya aura niyukti
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________________ L jainAgoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya va kI gAthAoM meM mizraNa huA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne likhA hai, jo AvazyakasUtra ke kevala sAmAyika nAmaka prathama adhyayana para hai| isameM 3673 gAthAeM haiN| kAlikazruta meM caraNa-karaNAnuyoga, RSibhASita meM dharmakathAnuyoga aura dRSTivAda meM dravyAnuyoga ke kathana haiN| mahAkalpazruta Adi kA isI dRSTivAda se uddhAra huA batAyA gayA hai| kauNDinya ke ziSya azvamitra ko anupravAdapUrva ke antargata naipuNika vastu meM pAraMgata batAyA hai| nihavoM aura karakaNDU Adi pratyekabuddhoM ke jIvana kA yahAM vistAra se varNana hai| dazavaikAlika bhASya- dazavaikAlikabhASya kI 63 gAthAeM haribhadra kI TIkA ke sAtha dI huI haiN| inameM hetuvizuddhi, pratyakSa, parokSa tathA mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM kA pratipAdana hai| aneka pramANoM se jIva kI siddhi kI gaI hai| laukika, vaidika tathA sAmayika (bauddha) loga jIva ko jisa rUpa meM svIkAra karate the usakA ullekha vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| piNDaniyuktibhASya-piNDaniyukti para 46 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai, jisameM piNDa, AdhAkarma, auddezika, mizrajAta, sUkSmaprabhRtikA, vizodhi, avizodhi Adi zramaNadharma viSayaka saMkSipta vivecana hai| yahAM pATaliputra ke rAjA candragupta aura usake mantrI cANakya kA ullekha hai| odhaniyukti laghubhASya- opaniyukti ke bhASya meM 322 gAthAoM meM ona, piNDa, vrata, zramaNadharma, saMyama, vaiyAvRttya, gupti, tapa, samiti, bhAvanA, pratimA, indriyanirodha, pratilekhanA, abhigraha, anuyoga, kAyotsarga, aupapAnika, upakaraNa Adi kA vivecana hai| dharmaruci Adi ke kathAnakoM aura badarI Adi ke dRSTAntoM dvArA tattvajJAna ko samajhAyA gayA hai| jyotiSa Adi kA prayoga bhI sAdhu kiyA karate the| isameM aneka kathAnakoM, sAdhu ke AcAra evaM laukika dharma meM nirvahana hetu prasaMgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| odhaniyukti bRhatbhASya oghaniyukti-laghubhASya meM pratipAdita viSayoM ko yahAM vistAra se samajhAyA gayA hai| grantha ke bhASyakAra ke saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| yaha bhASya aprakAzita hai| paMcakalpa mahAbhASya- yaha bhASya paMcakalpaniyukti ke vyAkhyAna ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| isameM paMcakalpa-laghabhASya kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| jaise paMcakalpaniyukti kalpaniyukti kA hI aMza hai, vaise hI paMcakalpabhASya bRhatkalpabhASya kA hI aMza hai| isa bhASya ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa haiN| isameM 2666 gAthAoM meM gAMca prakAra ke kalpoM kA saMkSipta vivecana hai| muni puNyavijayajI dvArA taiyAra karAI gaI isa bhASya kI pratilipi romana lipi meM iNDolojiyA, berolinensisa 5 se 1577 meM prakAzita huI hai|
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________________ 482 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka (3) cUrNi sAhitya AgamoM ke Upara likhe hue vyAkhyA - sAhitya meM cUrNiyoM kA sthAna bahuta mahattva kA hai| cUrNiyAM gadya meM likhI gaI haiN| cUrNiyAM kevala prAkRta meM hI na likhI jAkara saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM likhI gaI thIM, isalie bhI isa sAhitya kA kSetra niyukti aura bhASya kI apekSA adhika vistRta thaa| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa isakI bhASA ko mizra prAkRta bhASA kahanA sarvathA ucita hI hai| nizItha ke vizeSacUrNikAra ne cUrNi kI nimnalikhita paribhASA dI hai pAgaDo ti prAkRtaH pragaTo vA padArthoM vastubhAvo yatra saH, tathA paribhASyate artho'nayeti paribhASA cUrNirucyate / abhidhAnarAjendrakoza meM cUrNi kI paribhASA dekhie atthabahulaM mahatthaM heunivAovasaggagambhIraM / bahupAyamavocchinnaM gamaNayasuddhaM tu cuNNapayaM / / arthAt jisameM artha kI bahulatA ho, mahAna artha ho, hetu nipAta aura upasarga se jo yukta ho, gambhIra ho, aneka padoM se saMbaMdhita ho, jisameM aneka gama (jAnane ke upAya) hoM aura jo nayoM se zuddha ho, use cUrNipada samajhanA caahie| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI laukika, dhArmika aneka kathAeM upalabdha haiM, prAkRta bhASA meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti milatI hai tathA saMskRta aura prAkRta ke aneka padma uddhRta haiN| cUrNiyoM meM nizItha kI vizeSacUrNi tathA AvazyakacUrNi kA sthAna bahuta mahattva kA hai| isameM jaina purAtattva se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlI vipula sAmagrI milatI hai| lokakathA aura bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya atyanta upayogI hai| vANijyakulIna koTigaNIya vajrazAkhIya jinadAsagaNi mahattara adhikAMza cUrNiyoM ke karttA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| unakA samaya IsvI san kI chaThI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| nimnalikhita AgamoM para cUrNiyAM upalabdha haiM- AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, paMcakalpa, dazAzrutaskandha, jItakalpa, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, nandI aura anuyogadvAra / AcArAMgacUrNi - niryukti-gAthAoM ke AdhAra para yaha cUrNi likhI gaI hai| ataH yahAM unhIM viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jinakA prarUpaNa AcArAMga niryukti meM upalabdha hai| paramparA se AcArAMgacUrNi ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| yahAM aneka sthaloM para nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke sAkSIpUrvaka pAThabheda prastuta karate hue unakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| bIca bIca meM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke aneka laukika padya uddhRta haiN| pratyeka zabda ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka viziSTa zailI apanAI gaI hai|
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________________ jainAgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya 483 sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi - yaha cUrNi bhI niyukti kA anusaraNa karake likhI gaI hai| isa cUrNa meM nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke jagaha-jagaha pAThAntara diye haiN| aneka dezoM ke rIti rivAja Adi kA ullekha hai / udAharaNa ke lie-sindhu deza meM patti kA svAdhyAya karane kA manA hai / golla deza meM koI kisI puruSa kI hatyA kara de to vaha kisI brAhmaNaghAtaka ke samAna hI niMdanIya samajhA jAtA haiN| ArdrakumAra ke vRttAMta meM Ardraka ko mleccha deza kA rahane vAlA batAyA hai| AryadezavAsI zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra se mitratA karane ke lie Ardaka ne usake lie bheMTa bhejI thI / bauddhoM ke jAtakoM kA ullekha hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti cUrNi- vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra para yaha atilaghu cUrNi hai, aprakAzita hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti cUrNi - jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra kI cUrNi bhI aprakAzita hai| nizIthavizeSacUrNi nizItha para likhI huI cUrNi ko visesacuNNi (vizeSacUrNi ) kahA gayA hai| isake kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara haiN| nizItha cUrNi anupalabdha hai| isameM piMDaniyukti aura opaniyukti kA ullekha milatA hai, jisase patA calatA hai ki yaha cUrNi ina donoM niyuktiyoM ke bAda likhI gaI hai / sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle apavAdasaMbaMdhI aneka niyamoM kA yahAM varNana hai| jo sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke varNana ke prasaMga meM yahAM aneka dezoM meM pracalita rIti-rivAjoM kA ullekha hai| lATadeza meM mAmA kI lar3akI se vivAha kiyA jA sakatA thA / mAlava aura sindhu deza ke kaThorabhASI tathA mahArASTra ke loga vAcAla mAne jAte the| nirgrantha, zAkya, tApasa, gairika aura AjIvaka-ina pAMcoM kI zramaNa meM gaNanA kI gaI hai| zvAnoM ke sambandha meM batAyA hai ki kelAsa parvata (meru) para rahane vAle deva yakSa rUpa meM (zvAnarUpa meM) isa martyaloka meM rahate haiN| zaka, yavana, mAlava tathA AMdhra - damila kA yahAM ullekha hai| dazAzrutaskaMdhacUrNi - dazAzrutaskaMdha kI niyukti kI bhAMti isakI cUrNi bhI laghu hai| yaha cUrNi bhI niyukti kA anusaraNa karake likhI gaI hai| mUla sUtrapATha aura cUrNisammata pATha meM kahIM-kahIM kucha antara hai| yahAM bhI aneka zloka uddhRta haiN| dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ko pratyAkhyAna nAmaka pUrva meM se uddhRta batAyA hai / dRSTivAda kA asamAdhisthAna nAmaka prAbhRta se bhadrabAhu ne uddhAra kiyaa| AThaveM karmapravAdapUrva meM ATha mahAnimittoM kA vivecana hai| pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana aura AcArya kAlaka kI kathA ullikhita hai| siddhasena kA ullekha milatA hai| gozAla ko bhArIyagozAla kahA hai, isakA tAtparya hai jo guru kI avahelanA karatA hai aura usake kathana ko nahIM maantaa| aMguSTha aura pradezinI (tarjanI) uMgalI meM jitane cAvala eka bAra A sakeM, utane hI cAvaloM ko bhakSaNa karane vAle Adi aneka tApasoM kA ullekha hai '
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________________ 484 jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGaka bRhatkalpacUrNi - yaha cUrNi mUlasUtra aura usa para likhe hue laghubhASya para likhI gaI hai| isa cUrNa kA prAraMbhika aMza dazAzrutaskandha cUrNi se bahuta kucha milatA hai / sambhavata: dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi bRhatkalpacUrNi ke pUrva meM likhI gaI hai aura donoM eka hI AcArya kI racanAeM haiN| yahAM tattvArthAdhigama, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, karmaprakRti, mahAkalpa aura govindaniyukti kA ullekha haiM / jItakalpa bRhaccUrNi - yaha cUrNi mUlasUtra para likhI gaI hai| siddhasenasUrikRta yaha cUrNi prAkRta meM hai / isameM saMskRta kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| cUrNikAra ne Adi aura anta meM jItakalpasUtra ke praNetA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ko namaskAra kiyA hai| prastuta cUrNi meM eka anya cUrNi kA bhI ullekha hai, jo anupalabdha hai| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi uttarAdhyayanacUrNi ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara haiN| inhoMne apane dharmaguru kA nAma vANijyakulIna koTikagaNIya, vajrazAkhIya gopAlagaNi mahattara tathA vidyAguru kA nAma (nizIthavizeSacUrNi ke ullekhAnusAra) pradyumna kSamAzramaNa batAyA hai| yaha cUrNi bhI niyukti kA anusaraNa karake likhI gaI hai| cUrNikAra ne apanI kRti dazavaikAlika cUrNi kA ullekha kiyA hai| nAgArjunIya pATha kA yahAM aneka sthaloM para ullekha hai / bahuta se zabdoM kI vicitra vyutpattiyAM dI huI haiN| AvazyakacUrNi AvazyakacUrNi ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| yaha Avazyaka sUtra meM pratipAdita sUtroM para sIdhe TIkA nahIM hai, kintu vizeSAvazyaka kI bhAMti Avazyaka kI niyukti ko AdhAra mAna kara likhI gaI hai| jahAM-tahAM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthAoM kA vyAkhyAna dekhane meM AtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga Adi cUrNiyoM kI bhAMti isa cUrNi meM kevala zabdArtha kA hI pratipAdana nahIM hai, balki bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se nizItha cUrNi kI taraha yaha eka svataMtra racanA jJAta hotI hai / dazavaikAlikacUrNi (jinadAsagaNimahattarakRta) - dazavekAlikacUrNi ke karttA jinadAsagaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| yaha cUrNi bhI niyukti kA anusaraNa karake likhI gaI hai| jinadAsagaNi kI prastuta cUrNi meM Avazyaka cUrNi kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki Avazyaka cUrNi ke pazcAt isakI racanA huii| yahAM bhI zabdoM kI vicitra vyutpattiyAM dI gaI haiN| dazavaikAlikacUrNi (agastya siMha kRta ) - jinadAsagaNi mahattara kRta cUrNi kI bhAMti yaha cUrNi bhI niyukti kA anugamana karake likhI gaI hai| cUrNi ke aMta meM cUrNikAra ne apanA nAma kalazabhavamRgendra (kalaza-bhava-- kalaza se utpanna arthAt agastya; mRgendra siMha ) arthAt agastyasiMha vyakta kiyA hai| agastyasiMharANi RSigupta kSamAzramaNa ke ziSya the| ve koTigaNIya svAmI kI zAkhA ke AcArya the| sthavira agastyasiMha kA samaya vikrama
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________________ jainAgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya. 485 kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai, aura mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki yaha racanA valabhI vAcanA ke lagabhaga 200 - 300 varSa pUrva likhI jA cukI thiiN| prastuta cUrNi ke mUla sUtrapAThoM, jinadAsagaNa mahattara kRta cUrNi ke mUla sUtra pAThoM aura haribhadra kRta vRtti ke mUla sUtrapAThoM meM kahIM-kahIM antara pAyA jAtA hai| cUrNi kI niyukti gAthAoM ke saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI vibhinnatA dekhane meM AtI hai ki kitanI ho niyukti gAthAeM aisI haiM jo haribhadrIya TIkA meM upalabdha haiM, kintu donoM cUrNikAroM ne unheM uddhRta nahIM kiyaa| prastuta saMskaraNa meM sUtra gAthAoM, 270 niyukti gAthAoM tathA cUrNigata uddharaNoM kI anukramaNikA dI huI hai| prastAvanA meM agastyasiMha aura haribhadra dvArA svIkRta niyukti gAthAoM kI tAlikA prastuta hai / aneka vAcanAntara, pAThabheda, arthabheda aura sUtra pAThoM ke ullekhoM kI dRSTi se yaha cUrNi mahattvapUrNa hai| muni puNyavijayajI kI mAnyatA hai ki dazavaikAlika sUtra para una donoM cUrNiyoM ke atirikta aura bhI prAcIna cUrNi rahI hogI, jisakA ullekha donoM cUrNikAroM ne kiyA hai| nandIcUrNi - yaha cUrNi mUla sUtra kA anusaraNa karake likhI gaI hai| yahAM mAthurI vAcanA kA ullekha AtA hai| bAraha varSoM kA akAla par3ane para AhAra Adi na milane ke kAraNa jaina bhikSu mathurA chor3akara anyatra vihAra kara gae the| durbhikSa hone para samasta sAdhu samudAya AcArya skaMdila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM ekatrita huA aura jise smaraNa thA, use kAlikazruta ke rUpa meM saMghaTita kara diyA gyaa| kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki durbhikSa ke samaya zruta naSTa nahIM huA thA, mukhya-mukhya anuyogadhArI AcArya mRtyu ko prApta ho gae the, anaeva skaMdila AcArya ne mathurA meM Akara sAdhuoM ko anuyoga kI zikSA dii| anuyogadvAracUrNi - yaha cUrNi bhI mUlasUtra kA anusaraNa karake likhI gaI hai| yahAM talavara, kauTumbika, ibhya, zreSThI, senApati, sArthavAha, vApI, puSkariNI, sAraNI, guMjAliyA, ArAma, udyAna, kAnana, vana, gopura, sabhA, prapA, ratha, yAna, zivikA Adi ke artha samajhAe haiN| saMgIta saMbaMdhI tIna padya prAkRta meM uddhRta haiM, jisase patA calatA hai ki saMgItazAstra para bhI koI grantha prAkRta meM rahA hogaa| sAta svaroM aura nau rasoM kA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anuyoga dvAra ke aMgulapada para likhI hue eka anya cUrNi hai, jisake karttA suprasiddha bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa haiN| yaha cUrNi jinadAsagaNi mahan2arakRta anuyogadvAra cUrNi meM akSaraza: uddhRta kI gaI hai| (4) TIkA sAhitya niryukti, bhASya aura cUrNiyoM kI bhAMti AgamoM para vistRta TIkAe~ bhI likhI gaI haiM, jo Agama siddhAnta ko samajhane ke lie atyanta upayogI haiN| ye TIkAe~ saMskRta meM haiM, kucha TIkAoM kA kathana saMbaMdhI aMzaprAkRta meM bhI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| jAna par3atA hai ki AgamoM kI antima valabhI vAcanA ke
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________________ 1486. .. jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka pUrva hI AgamoM para TIkAeM likhI jAne lagI thii| vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke AcArya agastyasiMha ne apanI dazakAlika cUrNi meM aneka sthaloM para ina prAcIna TIkAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| TIkAkAroM meM yAkinIsUnu haribhadrasUri (705-775 IsvI san) kA nAma ullekhanIya hai, jinhoMne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, nandI aura anuyogadvAra para TIkAeM likhiiN| prajJApanA para bhI haribhadrasUri ne TIkA likhI hai| ina TIkAoM meM lekhaka ne kathAbhAga ko prAkRta meM hI surakSita rakhA hai| haribhadrasUri ke lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt zIlAMkasUri ne AcArAMga aura mRtrakRtAMga para saMskRta TIkAeM likhii| inameM jaina AcAra-vicAra aura nattvajJAna saMbaMdhI aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| Agama-sAhitya ke saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA nAma sarvopari hai| anya TIkAoM meM Avazyakaniyukti para haribhadrasUri aura malayagiri kI uttarAdhyayana para vAdivetAla zAntisUri aura nemicandrasUri (AcAryapada prApti ke pUrva apara nAma devendragaNi) kI tathA dazavakAlika sUtra para haribhadra kI TIkAeM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| haribhadra sUri eka bahuzruta vidvAn the, jinakA nAma Agama ke prAcIna TIkAkAroM meM ginA jAtA hai| vividha viSayoM para unake aneka graMtha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| unhoMne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, nandI, anuyogadvAra aura piNDaniyukti (apUrNa) para TIkAeM likhI haiN| haribhadra ne Avazyaka sUtra para do TokAeM likhI haiN| yaha TIkA yadyapi niyukti ko AdhAra mAna kara hI likhI hai, phira bhI jahAM tahAM bhASya gAthAoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| kahIM- kahIM niyukti ke pAThAntara bhI die gae haiN| isake kathAnaka prAkRta meM hI prastuta haiN| haribhadrasUri kI bhAMti TIkAoM meM prAkRta kathAoM ko surakSita rakhane vAle AcAryoM meM vAdivetAla zAntisUri, nemicandrasUri aura malayagiri kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| anya TIkAkAroM meM I.sana kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna abhayadevasUri, droNAcArya, maladhAri hemacandra, malayagirI tathA kSemakIrti (I.sana 1275), zAnticandra (I.san 1593) Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inake TIkAgrantha saMskRta meM prAkRta uddharaNa sahita prApta hote haiN| kucha granthoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai| zAntisUri 'kavIndra' tathA 'vAdicakravartI' ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| mAlavA ke rAjA bhoja ne inakI vAda-vivAda ko pratibhA para mugdha hokara inheM 'vAdivetAla' kI padavI pradAna kI thii| uttarAdhyayana para likhI huI inakI TIkA meM prAkRta kathAnaka evaM prAkRta uddharaNoM ko pradhAnatA hone se use pAiya (prAkRta) TIkA kahA hai; nemicandrasUri ne vAdivetAla zAntisUri kI pAiyaTIkA ke AdhAra para uttarAdhyayanasUtra para sukhabodhA TIkA kI racanA kii| inhoMne bhI apanI TIkA meM aneka AkhyAna prAkata meM hI utadhata kiye haiN| TIkA kI
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________________ jinAgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya ................... 487, prazasti meM inhoMne apane ko bRhadgacchIya udyotanAcArya ke ziSya upAdhyAya Amradeva kA ziSya batAyA hai| apanI isa racanA ko unhoMne aNahila nagara (pATana) meM IsavI san 1072 meM samApta kiyaa| nemicandrasUri vAdivetAla zAMtisUri ke samakAlIna the| AcArAMga aura sUtrakatAMga para zIlAMkAcArya kI vidvattApUrNa TIkAe~ haiN| abhayadevasUri navAMgIvRnikAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| inhoMne sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRddazA, anuttaroSapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka aura aupapAtika sUtra para vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| isa prakAra Agama aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ke rUpa meM likhe gae isa vizAla sAhitya kA adhyayana-adhyApana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai| jaina muniyoM ne apane upadezoM ke dRSTAntoM meM inakI kahAniyoM kA yatheSTa upayoga kiyA hai| dUsare prakAra kI kathAeM paurANika kathAeM haiM, jinheM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi brAhmaNa granthoM se lekara jainarUpa meM DhAlA gayA hai| DaoN. viNTaranitsa ke zabdoM meM 'jaina TokA sAhitya meM bhAratIya prAcIna kathAsAhitya ke aneka ujjvalaM ratna vidyamAna haiM, jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hote|" jaina AgamoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya kI cAra vidyAoM ke atirikta aura bhI vidyAeM bAda meM pracalita huI, jo saMskRta athavA kSetrIya bhASAoM meM nibaddha thii| yathA-avacUri, therAvalI, TabbA. dIpikA, tAtparya, vRtti aadi| -prAkRta evaM jaimAgama vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratIya saMsthAna, lADanUM (rAja.)