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________________ jainAgama-dharma meM stUpa jainAgamoM meM stUpa evaM stUpa-maha kA sarvaprathama ullekha hameM hotA thA, to yaha caitya-stUpa kahalAtA thaa| vAcaspatyam meM mukharahita AcArAMga satra ke dvitIya zruta-skandha (AyAracUlA) ke tRtIya evaM caturtha chatrAkAra ke yakSAyatanoM ke liya caitya zabda kA bha adhyayanoM meM milatA hai| AcArAMga ke pazcAt aMga AgamoM me sthAnAMgare isa smRti-cihna meM mRtAtmA (vyantara) kA nivAsa mAnakara pUjA jAtA thaa| aura praznavyAkaraNa meM; upAMga sAhitya meM jIvAbhigama, jambUdvIpa isa prakAra viziSTa mRta vyakti ke smAraka/smRti-cihna pUjA-sthaloM ke rUpa prajJapti; puna: vyAkhyAsAhitya meM hameM Avazyakaniyukti, AvazyakacUrNi", meM parivartita ho gaye aura pUjanIya mAne jAne lge| pahale jahA~ vyakti ke vyavahAracUrNi tathA AcArAMga, sthAnAMga Adi AgamoM kI TIkAoM meM zava ko jalAyA jAtA hogA, vahA~ caityavRkSa aura caityastUpa banate hoNge| stUpa, caityastUpa evaM stUpamaha kA ullekha milatA hai| AcArAMga meM svatantra Age calakara vyakti ke kisI zArIrika avazeSa arthAt asthi, rAkha rUpa se stUpa zabda kA prayoga na hokara 'caityakRta stUpa' (thUbhaM, vA Adi para caitya yA stUpa banAye jAne lge| phira mAtra unheM pUjane ke lie ceiyakaDaM)-isa rUpa meM prayoga huA hai| yahA~ ceiyakarDa zabda ke artha ko yatra-tatra unake nAma para caitya yA stUpa bne| mUrtikalA kA vikAsa hone spaSTa kara lenA hogaa| ceiyakaDaM zabda bhI do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai- para caitya yakSAyatana aura siddhAyatana arthAt yakSa-mandira yA jina-mandira ceiya + kddN| pro0 DhAkI kA kahanA hai ki kaDaM zabda prAkRta kUDa yA ke rUpa meM vikasita hue| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina sAhitya meM saMskRta kUTa kA sUcaka hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-Dhera (Heap), vizeSa caitya zabda jina-mandira ke artha meM bhI prayukta hone lagA thA aura caityAlaya, rUpa se chatrAkAra AkRti kA ddher| isa prakAra ve "ceiyakarDa" kA artha caityagRha Adi jina-mandira ke paryAyavAcI mAne jAne lge| karate haiM-kUTAkAra yA chatrAkAra caitya tathA thUbha ko isakA paryAyavAcI mAnate kintu jahA~ taka AcArAMga meM prayukta caityakRta-stUpa ke artha kA haiN| kintu merI dRSTi meM 'ceiyakaDaM' zabda thUbha (stUpa) kA vizeSaNa hai, prazna hai, usameM usakA artha hai-kisI kI smRti meM usake citA-sthala paryAyavAcI nhiiN| ceiyakaDaM thUbha (caityIkRta stUpa) kA tAtparya hai-citA para athavA usake zArIrika avazeSoM para nirmita miTTI, IMToM yA pattharoM yA zArIrika avazeSoM para nirmita stUpa athavA citA yA zArIrika avazeSoM kI chatrAkAra aakRti| prArambha meM stUpa kisI ke citA-sthala athavA asthi se sambandhita stuup| stUpa sambhavata: ve stUpa jo citA-sthala para banAye Adi zArIrika avazeSoM para nirmita IMTa yA pattharoM kI chatrAkAra AkRti jAte the athavA jinameM kisI vyakti ke zArIrika avazeSa rakha diye jAte hotA thaa| caitya-stUpa ke sAtha-sAtha caitya-vRkSoM kA bhI hameM AcArAMga meM the, caityIkRta stUpa kahalAte the| yahA~ kaDaM zabda kUTa kA vAcaka nahIM apitu ullekha milatA hai| prathama to kisI vyakti ke dAha-sthala yA samAdhi-sthala kRta kA vAcaka hai| bhagavatI meM kaDaM zabda kRta kA vAcaka hai1deg| puna: kaDaM para usakI smRti meM vRkSAropaNa kara diyA jAtA hogA aura vahI vRkSa kA kUTa karane para 'rukkhaM vA ceiyakaDaM' kA ThIka artha nahIM baitthegaa| "rukkhaM caityavRkSa kahalAtA hogaa| yadyapi Age calakara jaina paramparA meM vaha vRkSa vA ceiyakaDaM" kA artha hai-citA-sthala yA asthi Adi ke Upara ropA bhI caityavRkSa kahalAne lagA, jisake nIce kisI tIrthaMkara ko kevala jJAna gayA vRkss| ceiyakaDaM kA artha pUjanIya bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| pro0 utpanna hotA thaa| kramaza: ina caitya-vRkSoM evaM caityastUpoM kI zraddhAvAn umAkAMta zAha 11 ne yaha artha kiyA bhI hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha paravartI sAmAnyajanoM ke dvArA pUjA kI jAne lgii| AcArAMga meM jina caitya-stUpoM artha-vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| ata: jaina sAhitya meM stUpa zabda ke artha- kA ullekha hai, ve caitya-stUpa jaina paramparA yA jainadharma sambandhita haiMvikAsa ko samajhane ke lie caitya zabda ke artha-vikAsa ko samajhanA aisA kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki usameM AkAra, toraNa, talagRha, prAsAda, hogaa| saMskRta kozoM meM caitya zabda ke pattharoM kA Dhera, smAraka, samAdhi- vRkSagRha, parvata Adi kI carcA ke sandarbha meM hI caitya-vRkSa aura caityaprastara, yajJamaNDala, dhArmika pUjA kA sthAna, vedI, devamUrti sthApita karane stUpoM kA ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI jainamuni ko stUpa Adi ko ucakakA sthAna, devAlaya, bauddha aura jaina mandira Adi aneka artha diye gaye ucaka kara dekhane tathA stUpamaha arthAt stUpa-pUjA ke mahotsavoM evaM meloM haiN12| kintu ye vibhinna artha caitya zabda ke artha-vikAsa kI prakriyA ke meM jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|15 smaraNIya hai ki yadi AcArAMga ke pariNAma haiN| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAla taka bhI jaina stUpa hote to aisA sAmAnya yAjJavalkyasmRti meM zmazAna-sImA meM sthita puNya-sthAna ke rUpa niSedha to nahIM hI kiyA jaataa| mAtra yaha kahA jAtA ki anya tIrthakoM meM bhI caitya zabda kA ullekha huA hai|13 prAcIna jainAgamoM meM bhI citA- ke stUpa evaM stUpamaha meM nahIM jAnA caahie| isase yahI jJAta hotA hai ki sthala para nirmita smAraka ko caitya kahA gayA hai| kinhIM viziSTa vyaktiyoM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAla taka jainetara paramparAoM meM ke citAsthala para unakI smRti hetu cabUtarA banA diyA jAtA thA, jo caitya sAmAnya rUpa se stUpa nirmita hone lage the| sambhavata: AcArAMga ke dvitIya kahalAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI cabUtare ke sAtha-sAtha vahA~ vRkSAropaNa kara diyA zrutaskandha kA racanAkAla IsA pUrva kI dvitIya yA tRtIya zatAbdI rahA jAtA thA, jise caityavRkSa kahA jAtA thaa| yadi yaha smRti-cihna chatrAkAra hogaa| kyoMki isake bAda mathurA meM jaina stUpa milate haiN| aMga sAhitya meM
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________________ jainAgama-dharma meM stUpa punaH hameM sthAnAMgasUtra meM nandIzvara dvIpa ke varNana prasaMga meM caityastUpa aura caityavRkSa kA ullekha milatA hai| mathurA meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke anusAra, mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA citraNa bhI milatA hai, ataH mathurA kA stUpa AcArAMga kA paravartI hai| usameM varNita caityastUpa aura caityavRkSa jaina paramparA se sambandhita haiM, sAtha hI usa samaya taka na kevala caityastUpa banane lage the, apitu usa para jinamUrtiyoM kI sthApanA hone laga gayI thii| sthAnAMgasUtra meM jaina caityastUpoM kA nimna ullekha prApta hotA hai'nandIzvaradvIpa ke ThIka madhya meM cAroM dizAoM meM cAra aJjana parvata haiM ve aJjana parvata nIce dasa hajAra yojana vistRta haiM, kintu kramazaH unakA UparI bhAga eka hajAra yojana cauDA hai| una aJjana parvatoM ke Upara atyanta samatala aura ramaNIya bhUmi bhAga hai| usa sama bhUmi-bhAga ke madhya meM cAroM hI aJjana parvatoM para cAra siddhAyatana arthAt jina mandira haiN| pratyeka jina mandira kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra dvAra haiN| ina cAroM dvAroM ke Age cAra mukhamaNDapa haiN| una mukhamaNDapoM ke Age cAra prekSAgRha yA raMgazAlA maNDapa haiN| punaH una prekSAgRhoM ke Age maNipIThikAeM haiN| una maNipIThikAoM para caityastUpa hai pratyeka caityastUpa para cAroM dizAoM meM cAra maNipIThikAe~ haiM aura una cAra maNipIThikAoM para cAra jina pratimAe~ haiN| vaha saba ratnamaya, - pakAsana (padmAsana) kI mudrA meM avasthita haiN| punaH caityastUpoM ke Age caityavRkSa haiN| una caityavRkSoM ke Age maNipIThikAoM para mahendradhvaja haiN| una mahendradhvajoM ke Age puSkariNiyoM haiM aura una puSkariNiyoM ke Age vanakhaNDa hai| 16 isa saba varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga ke racanAkAla taka suvyavasthita rUpa se mandiroM ke nirmANa kI kalA kA bhI vikAsa ho cukA thA aura una mandiroM meM caitya- stUpa banAye jAte the ora una caitya- stUpoM para pIThikAe~ sthApita karake jina pratimAe~ bhI sthApita kI gaI thiiN| paravartI kAla meM bauddha paramparA meM bhI hameM stUpoM kI cAroM dizAoM meM buddha pratimAeM hone ke ullekha milate haiM sthAnAMga eka saMgraha grantha hai aura unameM IsA pUrva se lekara IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI taka kI sAmagrI saMkalita hai| prastuta sandarbha kisa kAla kA hai yaha kahanA to kaThina hai, kintu itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA hogA, kyoMki taba taka jina mandira aura jina stUpa banane lage the| usameM varNita stUpa jaina parampara se sambandhita haiM / yadyapi yaha vicAraNIya hai ki mathurA ke eka apavAda ko chor3akara hameM kisI bhI jaina stUpa ke purAtAttvika avazeSa nahIM mile haiN| aitihAsika dRSTi se vizvasanIya jaina- stUpoM ke sAhityika ullekha bhI nagaNya haiN| - - samavAyAMga evaM jambudvIpaprajJapti meM hameM caityastUpa ke sthAna para caityastambha kA ullekha milatA hai, sAtha hI ina stambhoM meM jina asthiyoM ko rakhe jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| 17 ataH caitya-stambha caitya- stUpa kA hI eka vikasita rUpa hai| jaina paramparA meM caityastUpoM kI apekSA caityastambha bane, jo Age calakara mAnastambha ke rUpa meM badala gye| AdipurANa meM mAnastambha kA spaSTa ullekha hai| 18 jainadharma kI digambara paramparA meM Aja zrI mandiroM ke Age mAnastambha banAne kA pracalana hai| zeSa aMga-AgamoM meM bhagavatI sUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA aura upAsakadazAMga meM hameM caitya- stUpoM 713. ke ullekha to upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, kintu arihaMta caitya kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| 19 yadyapi jJAtAdharmakathA meM stRpikA (yUbhiA) kA ullekha avazya hai| 20 itanA nizcita hai ki ina AgamoM ke racanAkAla taka jaina paramparA meM jina pratimAoM aura jina mandiroM kA vikAsa ho cukA thaa| puna: dasaveM aMga Agama praznavyAkaraNa meM stUpa zabda kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu usameM ullikhita stUpa jaina paramparA kA stUpa nahIM hai| sambhavataH yahA~ hI hameM svatantra rUpa se stUpa zabda milatA hai, kyoMki isake pUrva sarvatra caitya- stUpa (ceiya-dhUbha) zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA vartamAna meM upalabdha saMskaraNa AgamoM ke lekhanakAla ke bAda sambhavataH 7vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| jainadharma meM paravartIkAla meM stUpa paramparA punaH lupta hone lagI thI jainadharma meM na to prArambha meM stUpa nirmANa aura stUpa pUjA kI paramparA thI aura na paravartI kAla meM hI vaha jIvita rhii| mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki IsA pUrva kI dvitIya evaM prathama zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka bauddhaparamparA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI jaina paramparA meM stUpa nirmANa aura stUpa pUjA kI avadhAraNA vikasita huI hogI, jo bauddhoM ke patana kAla arthAt sAtavI-AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt punaH lupta ho gaI, kyoMki hameM AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI jaina racanAoM meM kevala una Agama granthoM kI TIkAoM tathA mathurA evaM vaizAlI ke aitihAsika vivaraNa dene vAle granthoM ko chor3akara, jinameM stUpa zabda AyA hai, kahIM bhI jina stUpoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 14vIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina sAhitya meM mathurA meM jaina stUpoM ke astitva ke saMketa upalabdha haiN| upAGga sAhitya meM jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM hameM tIrthaMkara gaNadhara aura viziSTa muniyoM kI citAoM para caityastUpa banAne ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| aise ullekha Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI upalabdha 21 jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura Avazyakaniyukti nizcita hI AgamoM ke lekhanakAla arthAt IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA hai| ina sabase hamArI usa mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai, jisake anusAra IsA pUrva kI dvitIya evaM prathama zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI prathama pA~ca zatAbdiyoM meM hI jaina paramparA meM stUpa nirmANa aura stUpa pUjA kI paramparA rahI aura bAda meM vaha kramazaH vilupta hotI gii| yadyapi caitya-stambhoM evaM caraNa-cihnoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA vartamAna yuga taka jIvita calI A rahI hai| isa AdhAra para hama yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAla sakate haiM ki caitya- stUpoM ke nirmANa aura unakI pUjA kI paramparA jainoM kI apanI maulika paramparA nahIM thI, apitu vaha laukika paramparA kA prabhAva thaa| vastutaH stUpa nirmANa aura stUpa pUjA kI paramparA mahAvIra aura buddha se pUrvavartI eka lokaparamparA rahI hai jisakA prabhAva jaina aura bauddha donoM para pdd'aa| sambhavataH pahale bauddhoM ne use apanAyA aura bAda meM jainoM ne jainAgama sAhitya meM mujhe kisI bhI aitihAsika jaina stUpa kA ullekha dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| jaina sAhitya meM jina stUpoM kA ullekha hai, unameM vyavahAracUrNi meM ullikhita mathurA evaM AvazyakacUrNi meM ullikhita vaizAlI ke stUpa ko chor3akara deva-loka (svarga), nandIzvaradvIpa evaM aSTApada (kailAzaparvata) Adi para nirmita stUpoM .
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________________ 714 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 ke hI ullekha haiM, jinakI aitihAsikatA saMdigdha hI hai| mathurA ke (kSapaNaka) isa kArya ko karane meM samartha hai| saMgha unake pAsa gyaa| kSapaNaka aitihAsika stUpa kA prAcInatama ullekha vyavahAracUrNi meM aura vyavahArasUtra se kahA ki kAyotsarga kara devI ko Akampita karo arthAt bulaao| kI malayagiri kI TIkA22 meM milatA hai| isa stUpa ke sambandha meM paravartI unhoMne kAyotsarga kara devI ko bulaayaa| devI ne Akara kahA- "batAiye digambara aura zvetAmbara sAhitya meM anyatra bhI ullekha milate haiN| maiM kyA karU~?" taba muni ne kahA- "jisase saMgha kI jaya ho vaisA kro|" AvazyakacUrNi meM vaizAlI ke munisuvratasvAmI ke stUpa kA ullekha hai|23 devI ne vyaMgyapUrvaka kahA- "aba mujha asaMyati se bhI tumhArA kArya hogaa| isa samagra carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki jaina sAhitya tuma rAjA ke pAsa jAkara kaho ki yadi yaha stUpa bauddhoM kA hogA to isake meM jo stUpa-sambandhI vivaraNa upalabdha haiM, unameM aitihAsika dRSTi se mathurA zikhara para rakta-patAkA hogI aura yadi yaha hamArA arthAt jainoM kA hogA aura vaizAlI ke prasaMga hI mahattvapUrNa haiM aura usameM bhI vaizAlI ke sambandha to zukla-patAkA dikhAyI degii|" usa samaya rAjA ke kucha vizvAsI puruSoM meM koI purAtAttvika pramANa nahIM mile haiN| jaina dharma meM stUpa-nirmANa aura ne stUpa para rakta-patAkA lagavA dii| taba devI ne rAtri ko use zveta-patAkA stUpa-pUjA ke purAtAttvika pramANa abhI taka to kevala mathurA se upalabdha kara diyaa| prAta:kAla stUpa para zukla-patAkA dikhAyI dene se jaina saMgha hue hai|24 vaizAlI ke stUpa ko munisuvrata kA stUpa kahA gayA hai| mathurA vijayI ho gyaa|26 mathurA ke deva-nirmita stUpa kA yaha saMketa kiMcit ke stUpa ke pAsa se upalabdha eka pAda-pITha ke lekha ko pro0ke0DI0 rUpAntara ke sAtha digambara paramparA meM hariSeNa ke bRhadkathAkoza ke vAjapeyI ne arhat munisuvrata par3hA hai|25 kahIM aisA to nahIM ki vairakumAra ke AkhyAna meM27 tathA somadevasUri ke yazastilakacampU ke AvazyakacUrNikAra ne bhramavaza use vaizAlI meM sthita kaha diyA ho| SaSTha AzvAsa meM brajakumAra kI kathA meM 28 milatA hai| puna: caudahavIM zatAbdI purAtattva kI dRSTi se mathurA meM na kevala jaina stUpa ke avazeSa meM jinaprabhasUri ne bhI vividhatIrthakalpa ke mathurApurIkalpa meM isakA ullekha upalabdha hue haiM, apitu aneka AyAgapaToM para bhI stUpoM kA aMkana aura kiyA hai 29 / bauddhoM se hue vivAda kA bhI kiMcit rUpAntara ke sAtha sabhI stUpa pUjA ke dRzya upalabdha hote haiN| eka zilAkhaNDa meM to AsapAsa ne ullekha kiyA hai| jina-pratimAoM kA aura bIca meM stUpa kA aMkana hai| eka anya AyAgapaTa isa kathA se tIna spaSTa niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiN| prathama para puruSoM ko stUpa kI pUjA karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| mathurA se to usa stUpa ko deva-nirmita kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki usake nirmAtA upalabdha stUpa-aMkana se yukta aneka AyAgapaToM para zilAlekha bhI haiN| ke sambandha meM jainAcAryoM ko spaSTa rUpa se kucha jJAta nahIM thA, dUsare usake isa sabase itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa kAla meM jainoM meM stUpa-nirmANa svAmitva ko lekara jaina aura bauddha-saMgha meM koI vivAda huA thA, tIsare aura stUpa-pUjA kI paramparA rahI hai| stUpa ke AsapAsa jina-pratimA se yaha ki jainoM meM stUpapUjA prArambha ho cukI thii| yaha bhI nizcita hai ki paravartI yukta zilAkhaNDa isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hai, kintu mathurA meM jo sAhitya meM usa stUpa kA jainastUpa ke rUpa meM hI ullekha huA hai| ata: bhI stUpa aura stUpoM ke aMkana sahita AyAgapaTa mile haiM, ve sabhI IsA isa vivAda ke pazcAt yaha stUpa jainoM ke adhikAra meM rahA-isa bAta se pUrva dUsarI zatI se lekara IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka ke hI haiN| IsA bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| lekina yahA~ mUla prazna yaha hai ki kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bAda se na to stUpa milate haiM aura na stUpoM kyA usa stUpa kA nirmANa mUlata: jaina stUpa ke rUpa meM huA thA athavA.. ke aMkana se yukta AyAgapaTa hii| isa sambandha meM pro0 umAkAMta zAha kI vaha mUlata: eka bauddha paramparA kA stUpa thA aura paravartI kAla meM vaha jainoM pustaka 'Art and Architecturer, ke adhyAya chaThA aura dasavAM vizeSa ke adhikAra meM calA gyaa| rUpa se draSTavya haiN| ina purAtAttvika pramANoM se bhI merI isa mAnyatA kI ise mUlata: bauddha paramparA kA stUpa hone ke pakSa meM nimna tarka puSTi hotI hai ki IsA kI. tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke bAda jainoM meM diye jA sakate haiM-sarvaprathama to yaha ki jaina paramparA ke AcArAMga jaise stUpa-pUjA kI praNAlI lupta hone lagI thii| . prAcInatama aMga-Agama sAhitya meM jaina stUpoM ke nirmANa aura usakI pUjA vyavahAracUrNi aura vyavahArasUtra kI malayagiri TIkA meM mathurA ke ullekha nahIM milate haiM, apitu stUpapUjA kA niSedha hI hai| yadyapi kucha ke devanirmita stUpa ke nirmANa kI kathA evaM usake svAmitva ko lekara paravartI AgamoM-sthAnAMga, jIvAbhigama, aupapAtika evaM jambUdvIpaprajJapti jainoM aura bauddhoM ke vivAda kI sUcanA milatI hai| malayagiri likhate haiM meM jaina-paramparA me stUpanirmANa aura stUpapUjA ke saMketa milane lagate haiM, ki mathurA nagarI meM koI kSapaka-jaina muni kaThina tapasyA karatA thA, usakI kintu ye saba IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kI yA usake pazcAt kI racanAe~ tapasyA se prabhAvita ho eka devI aayii| usakI vandanA kara vaha bolI haiN| dUsare yadi jaina paramparA meM prAcIna kAla se stUpa-nirmANa evaM stUpaki mere yogya kyA kArya hai? isa para jaina muni ne kahA-asaMyati se * pUjA kI paddhati hotI to phira mathurA ke atirikta anyatra bhI jaina stUpa merA kyA kArya honA? devI ko yaha bAta bahuta aprItikara lagI aura usane upalabdha hone cAhiye the, kintu mathurA ke atirikta kahIM bhI jaina stUpoM kahA ki mujhase tumhArA kArya hogA, taba usane eka sarvaratnamaya stUpa nirmita ke purAtAttvika avazeSa upalabdha nahIM hote|30 jabaki bauddha paramparA meM kiyaa| kucha raktapaTa arthAt bauddha bhikSu upasthita hokara kahane lage yaha mathurA ke atirikta anyatra bhI bauddha stUpa aura unake avazeSa milate haiN| hamArA stUpa hai| cha: mAsa taka yaha vivAda calatA rhaa| saMgha ne vicAra kiyA . eka prazna yaha bhI hai ki yadi jaina dharma meM stUpa-nirmANa evaM ki isa kArya ko karane meM kauna samartha hai| kisI ne kahA ki amuka muni stUpa-pUjA kI paramparA thI to phira vaha ekadama vilupta kaise ho gayI? :
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________________ jainAgama-dharma meM stUpa 715 -jAvAna yaha satya hai ki yahA~ bauddha paramparA meM buddha ke bAda zatAbdiyoM taka "sAhukaDe ti vA, kallANe ti vaa"| pratIkapUjA ke rUpa meM stUpa-pUjA pracalita rahI aura buddha kI mUrtiyA~ bAda -vahI, 4/21 meM banane lgiiN| jabaki jaina paramparA meM IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI se jina- (ga). se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA..... thUbha-mahesu vA, cetiya-mahesu mUrtiyA~ banane laga gayI thiiN| ata: jainoM meM stUpa banAne kI pravRtti Age vA.....tahappagAraM asaNaM va pANaM vA....No pddigaahejjaa| adhika vikasita nahIM ho skii| kintu jaina paramparA meM stUpa-pUjA evaM -vahI, 1/24 // stUpa-nirmANa kI paramparA thI, isake bhI aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| prathama 2. .......tAsi NaM maNipeDhiyANaM uvariM cattAri-cattAri ceiyathUbhA to jainadharma ke yApanIyasaMgha kI eka zAkhA kA nAma paMcastUpAnvaya thaa| pnnnnttaa|| sambhava hai mathurA ke paMcastUpoM kI upAsanA ke kAraNa isakA yaha nAma par3A -thAnAMga, 4/339 / ho| matharA yApanIya saMgha kA kendra rahA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki 3. (ka).citi-vedi-khAtiya-ArAma-vihAra-thUbha.....ya aTThAe puDhaviM jainoM meM stUpapUjA kI paddhati thii| mathurA ke eka zilAkhaNDa ke bIca me hiMsaMti mNdbuddhiyaa| stUpa kA aMkana hai aura usake AsapAsa jina-pratimAe~ haiM, isase bhI hama -praznavyAkaraNa, 1/14 / isI nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki jainoM meM kucha kAla taka stUpa-nirmANa aura 4. taheva mahiMdajjhayA cetiyarukkho cetiyathabhe paccatthimillA maNipeDhiyA stUpa-pUjA pracalita thii| vaizAlI meM munisuvrata svAmI ke stUpa kA jinnpddimaa| sAhityika saMketa hai| -jIvAbhigama, 3/2/142 / yaha tarka ki mathurA kA stUpa mUlataH bauddha stUpa thA aura 5. .....khippAmeva bho devANuppiA titthagaraciigaM jAvaaNagAraciigaM paravartIkAla meM bauddhoM ke nirbala hone se usa para jainoM ne adhikAra kara ca khIrodageNaM NivAveha, tae NaM te mehakamArA devA titthagaraciigaM liyA, yuktisaMgata nahIM lagatA, kyoMki IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI jAva NivvAveMti, tae NaM se sakke deviMde devarAyA bhagavao se hI isake jaina-stUpa ke rUpa meM ullekha milane lagate haiM aura usa kAla titthagarassa uvarillaM dAhiNaM sakahaM geNhai......tae NaM se sakke taka mathurA ke bauddha nirbala nahIM hue the, apitu zaktizAlI evaM prabhAvazAlI vayAsI savvarayaNAmae mahaimahAlae tao ceiathUbhe kreh| bane hue the| puna: mathurA se upalabdha AyAgapaToM para madhya meM jina-pratimA . -jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 2/33 / aura usake Asa-pAsa aSTamAMgalika cihnoM ke sAtha stUpa kA bhI aMkana 6. nivvANaM ciigAI jiNassa ikkhAga sesayANaM c| milatA hai| isase yaha bAta puSTa ho jAtI hai ki jainoM meM stUpanirmANa aura sakahA thUbha jiNahare jAyaga tennaahiaggitti|| stUpapUjA kI paramparA kA astitva rahA hai| yApanIya nAmaka prasiddha jaina -Avazyaka niyukti, 45 / / saMgha kI eka zAkhA kA nAma bhI paMcastUpAnvaya hai| yadi ye pramANa nahIM 7. (ka). taeNaM se sakke bahave bhavaNapati jAva vemANiyA evaM milate to nizcita hI ise mUlata: bauddha stUpa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA vayAsIkhippAmeva bho tao ceia-thUbhe kreh| thaa| maiMne yahA~ pakSa-vipakSa kI sambhAvanAoM ko prastuta karane kA prayatna -Avazyaka cUrNi, RSabhanirvANa prakaraNa, pR0223| kiyA hai, vidvAnoM ko kisI yogya niSkarSa para pahu~cane kA prayatna karanA (kha). thUbhANaM egaM titthagarassa va sesANaM egUNassa bhAuya syss| caahie| phira bhI isa samagra adhyayana se maiM isa niSkarSa para avazya pahu~cA -Avazyaka cUrNi, aSTapada caitya prakaraNa, pR0227/ hU~ ki jaina dharma meM stUpanirmANa evaM stUpapUjA kI paddhati jainetara paramparAoM 8. (ka), emeva ya sAhUNaM, vaagrnnnimittcchndkhmaadii| se vizeSa rUpa se bauddha-paramparA ke prabhAva se hI vikasita huI, puna: vaha biiyaM gilANato me, addhANe ceva thUbhe y||| caraNa-caukI(pagaliyA jI), caitya-stambha aura jina-mandiroM ke vikAsa (kha). mahurA khamagA ya, vaNadevaya AuTTa aannvijjtti| ke sAtha dhIre-dhIre vilupta ho gaI hai| kiM mama asaMjatIe, appattiya hohitI kjj|| thUbha vi u ghaNa bhicchU vivAya chammAsa saMgho ko stto| sandarbha khamagussaggA kaMpaNa khiMsaNa sukkA kaya pddaagaa|| * 'bauddha stUpa para Ayojita antarrASTrIya saMgoSThI (saMgoSThI -vyavahAra cUrNi, paMcama uddezaka, 26, 27, 28 / (prA0bhA0saM0 evaM pu0 vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, 9. pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para unakA yaha vArANasI) meM paThita nibndh| mata prastuta kiyA gayA hai| (ka). se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA gAmANugAma duijjamANe......rukkhaM 10. "kaDamANe kaDe" - bhagavatI satra, 1/1/1 / vA ceiya-karDa, thUbhaM vA ceiykddN......nno.......nnijjhaaejjaa| 11. "In both the above-mentioned cases, namely, cetita-AcArAMga (dvitIya zrutaskandha-AyAracUlA), 3/47/ thubha and the cetitarukkha, the sense of a funeral (kha). se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA jahA vegaiyAI rUvAI.....rukkhaM relic is not fully warranted." vA ceiya-kaDaM......No....sukaDe ti vA, suTThakaDe ti vA, ---Studies in Jain Art, U.P. Shah, P. 53. mANa Ara (dvitIya zrutaskamAI.............rukkhaM
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________________ 716 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 25. 12. saMskRta hindI koza-vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pRSTha 327/ -jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 2/33, pR0 157-158 / 13. nayeyurete sImAnaM sthlaanggaartussdrumaiH|| (ba) Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 435 / setuvalmIkanimnAsthicaityAdyairupalakSitAm // 151 // (mUla ke lie dekhie isI lekha kA pR0132 kA sandarbha kramAMka 6) / caityazmazAnasImAsu puNyasthAne suraalye| 22. dekheM-isI lekha kA pR0 132 kA sandarbha kramAMka 1 // jAtadrumANAM dviguNo damo vRkSe ca vizrute / / 228 / / 23. vesAlie NagarIe NagaraNAbhIe muNisuvvayasAmissa thuubho| -yAjJavalkyasmRti, vyvhaaraadhyaay| -AvazyakacUrNi (pAriNAmika buddhi prakaraNa) pR0 537 14. vAcaspatyayam, pRSTha 2966 / 24. An inscription (Luders, List No. 47) dated 79 (A.D. 15. (a). AcArAMga (dvitIya-zrutaskandha-AyAracUlA) 1/24, 3/ 157) or (A.D. 127), on the pedestal of a missing 47; 4/21 (inake mUlapAThoM ke lie dekheM isI lekha kA sandarbha image mentions the installation of an image of Arhat Nandiavarta at the so-called Vodva Stupa built by kramAMka 1) the gods (devanirmita). (ba). se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA.....maDayathUbhiyAsu vA, -Jaina Art and Architecture, A. Ghosh, Vol. I.P. 53. maDayaceiesa vA......No uccArapAsavaNaM vosirejjaa| Sri Mahavira Commemoration, Vol. I. Agra, PP. -vahI, 10/23 / 189-190. tesi NaM aMjaNagapavvayANaM uvari bahusamaramaNijjA bhUmibhAgA 26. mathurAyAM nagaryAM ko'pi kSapaka AtApayati, yasyAtApanAM dRSTvA pnnnnttaa| tesiNaM bahusamaramaNijjANaM bhUmi-bhAgANaM bahumajjhadesabhAge devatA AdRtA tamAgatya vanditvA brUte, yanmayA kartavyaM cattAri siddhAyataNA paNNattA tnmmaajnyaapyedbhvaaniti| evamukte sA kSapakeNa bhaNyate, kiM mama tesi NaM dArANaM purao cattAri muhamaMDavA pnnnnttaa| kAryamasaMyatyA bhaviSyati, tatastasyA devatAyA apriitikmbhuut| tesi NaM muhamaMDavANaM purao cattAri pecchAgharamaMDavA pnnnnttaa| aprItivatyA ca tayoktamavazyaM tava mayA kArya bhaviSyati, tato tesiNaM pecchAgharamaMDavANaM purao cattAri maNipeDhiyAo pnnnnttaao| devatAyA sarvaratnamayaH stUpo nirmitaH, tatra bhikSavo raktapaTA tAsi NaM maNipeDhiyANaM uvariM cattAri-cattAri ceiyathUbhA pnnnnttaa| upasthitA; ayamasmadIya: stUpa; taiH samaM saGghasya SaNmAsAn vivAdo tesi NaM ceiyathUbhANaM uvariM cattAri maNipeDhiyAo pnnnnttaao| jAtaH, tataH saGgho brUte-ko nAmAtrArthe zaktaH, kenApi kathitaM tAsiNaM maNipeDhiyANaM uvariM cattAri jiNapaDimAo savvarayaNAmaIo yathAmukaH kSapakaH, tataH saGghana sa bhaNyate-kSapaka! kAyotsargeNa saMpaliyaMkaNisaNNAo thUbhAbhimuhAo ciTuMti, taM jahA-risabhA, devatAmAkampaya, tata: kSapakasya kAyotsargakaraNaM devatAyA Akampanam vaddhamANA, caMdANaNA, vaarisennaa| sA AgatA brUte-saMdizata kiM karomi, kSapakeNa bhaNitA-tathA kurUta -sthAnAMga, 4/339 / yathA saGghasya jayo bhavati, tato devatAyA kSapakasya khiMsanA kRtA, 17. sohamme kappe suhammAe sabhAe mANavae ceiyakkhaMbhe heTThA uvariM ca yathA etanmayA asaMyatyA api kAryajAtaM evaM khiMsitvA sA brUteaddhaterasa-addhaterasa joyaNANi vajjettA majjhe paNatIsa joyaNesu yUyaM rAjJaH samIpaM gatvA brUta, yadi raktapaTAnAM stUpa: tata: kalye vairAmaesu golavaTTasamuggaesu jiNa-sakahAo pnnnnttaao| patAkA dRzyatAM, athAsmAkaM tarhi zuklA patAkA, rAjA pratipannamevaM -samavAyAMga, 35/5 / bhavatu, tato rAjJA pratyayikarapuruSaiH stUpo rakSApita: rAtrau devatAyA 18. maanstmbhmhaacaitydrumsiddhaarthpaadpaan| zuklA patAkA kRtA, prabhAte dRSTA stUpe zuklA patAkA, jitaM prekSamANo vyatIyAya stuupaaNshcaarcitpuujitaan|| sngken| -AdipurANa, 41/20 / -vyavahAracUrNi, malayagiri TIkA-paJcama uddezaka, pR0 8 / 19. (a). NaNastha arihaMsa vA arihaMta ceiyANi vA aNagAre vA 27 vairakamArakathA gANa vA aNagAra vA 27. vairakumArakathAnakam-bRhatkathAkoza (hariSeNa) bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bhAviyappaNo NIsAe u8 uppayati jAva sohammo kppo| bambaI, 1942 I0, pU0 22-271 -bhagavatI sUtra, 3/2 / 28. yazastilakacampU, anu0 va prakAzaka-sundaralAla zAstrI, vaaraannsii| (ba). arahaMtaceiyAI vaMdittae vA namaMsittae vaa| brajakumArakathA-pR0270, SaSTha aashvaas| -upAsakadasAMga, 1/45 / 29. vividhtiirthklp-mthuraapuriiklp| 20 (a). ujjlmnniknngrynnthuubhiy.....| 30. pro0 TI0vI0jI0 zAstrI ne gantUra jile ke amarAvatI se karIba 7 (ba) mnniknnthuubhiyaae| kilomITara dUra baDDamANa gA~va meM IsA pUrva tRtIya zatAbdI (236 I0 -jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/18 1/89 / pU0) kA jainastUpa khoja nikAlA hai| yahIM bhadrabAhu ke ziSya godAsa21. (a) mahaimahAlae tao ceiathUbhe kareha, evaM bhagavao titthagarassa jinakA nAma kalpasUtra paTTAvalI meM hai-ke ullekha se yukta zilAlekha ciigAe, egaM gaNaharassa, egaM avasesANaM aNagArANaM ciigaae| bhI milA hai| di0 jaina mahAsamiti buleTina, mArca 1985