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________________ DA. mohanalAla mehatA ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 jainAcAra kI bhUmikA AcAra aura vicAra paraspara sambaddha hI nahIM eka-dUsare ke pUraka bhI haiM. saMsAra meM jitanI bhI jJAna-zAkhAe~ haiM, kisI na kisI rUpa meM AcAra athavA vicAra athavA donoM se sambaddha haiM. vyaktitva ke pUrNa vikAsa ke lie aisI jJAna-zAkhAe~ anivArya haiM jo vicAra kA vikAsa karane ke sAtha hI sAtha AcAra ko bhI gati pradAna kareM. dUsare zabdoM meM jina vidyAoM meM AcAra va vicAra, donoM ke bIja maujUda hoM ve hI vyaktitva kA vAstavika vikAsa kara sakatI haiM. jaba taka AcAra ko vicAroM kA sahayoga prApta na ho athavA vicAra AcAra rUpa meM pariNata na hoM taba taka jIvana kA yathArtha vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA. isI dRSTi se AcAra aura vicAra ko paraspara sambaddha evaM pUraka kahA jAtA hai. prAcAra aura vicAra vicAroM athavA AdarzoM kA vyAvahArika rUpa AcAra hai. AcAra kI AdhArazilA naitikatA hai. jo AcAra naitikatA para pratiSThita nahIM hai vaha Adarza AcAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA. aisA AcAra tyAjya hai. samAja meM dharma kI pratiSThA isIlie hai ki vaha naitikatA para pratiSThita hai. vAstava meM dharma kI utpatti manuSya ke bhItara rahI huI usa bhAvanA ke AdhAra para hI hotI hai jise hama naitikatA kahate haiM. naitikatA kA Adarza jitanA ucca hotA hai, dharma kI bhUmikA bhI utanI hI unnata hotI hai. naitikatA kevala bhautika athavA zArIrika mUlyoM taka hI sImita nahIM hotI. usakI dRSTi meM AdhyAtmika athavA mAnasika mUlyoM kA adhika mahattva hotA hai. saMkucita athavA sImita naitikatA kI apekSA vistRta athavA aparimita naitikatA adhika balavatI hotI hai. vaha vyaktitva kA yathArtha evaM pUrNa vikAsa karatI hai. dharma kA sAra AdhyAtmika sarjana athavA AdhyAtmika anubhUti hai. isa prakAra ke sarjana athavA anubhUti kA vistAra hI dharma kA vikAsa hai. jo prAcAra isa uddezya kI pUrti meM sahAyaka ho vahI dharmamUlaka prAcAra hai. isa prakAra kA prAcAra naitikatA kI bhAvanA ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM. jyoM-jyoM naitika bhAvanAoM kA vistAra hotA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM dharma kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai. isa prakAra kA dharmavikAsa hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa hai. AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carama avasthA kA nAma hI mokSa athavA mukti hai. isa mUlabhUta siddhAnta athavA tathya ko samasta AtmavAdI bhAratIya darzanoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai. darzana kA sambandha vicAra athavA tarka se hai, jabaki dharma kA sambandha prAcAra athavA vyavahAra se hai. darzana hetuvAda para pratiSThita hotA hai jabaki dharma zraddhA para avalambita hotA hai. prAcAra ke lie zraddhA kI AvazyakatA hai jabaki vicAra ke lie tarka kI. prAcAra va vicAra athavA dharma va darzana ke sambandha meM do vicAradhArAe~ haiM. eka vicAradhArA ke anusAra AcAra va vicAra arthAt dharma va darzana abhinna haiM. inameM vastutaH koI bheda nahIM hai. prAcAra kI satyatA vicAra meM hI pAI jAtI hai evaM vicAra kA paryavasAna aAcAra meM hI dekhA jAtA hai. dUsarI vicAradhArA ke anusAra AcAra va 2 Jain Educa or Private & Personal Use Only
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________________ DA. mohanalAla mehatA : jainAcAra kI bhUmikA : 311 vicAra arthAt dharma va darzana eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM. tarkazIla vicAraka kA isase koI prayojana nahIM ki zraddhAzIla AcaraNakartA kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra karatA hai. isI prakAra zraddhAzIla vyakti yaha nahIM dekhatA ki vicAraka kyA kahatA hai. taTastha dRSTi se dekhane para yaha pratIta hotA hai ki AcAra aura vicAra vyaktitva ke samAna zakti vAle anyonyAzrita do pakSa haiM. ina donoM pakSoM kA saMtulita vikAsa hone para hI vyaktitva kA vizuddha vikAsa hotA hai. isa prakAra ke vikAsa ko hama jJAna aura kriyA kA saMyukta vikAsa kaha sakate haiM jo duHkhamukti ke lie anivArya hai. AcAra aura vicAra kI anyonyAzritatA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue bhAratIya cintakoM ne dharma va darzana kA sAtha-sAtha pratipAdana kiyA. unhoMne tattvajJAna ke sAtha hI sAtha grAcArazAstra kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA evaM batAyA ki jJAnavihIna AcaraNa netrahIna puruSa kI gati ke samAna hai jabaki AcaraNarahita jJAna paMga puruSa kI sthiti ke sadRza hai. jisa prakAra abhISTa sthAna para pahuMcane ke lie nirdoSa A~kheM va para donoM Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra AdhyAtmika siddhi ke lie doSarahita jJAna va cAritra donoM anivArya haiM. bhAratIya vicAra-paramparAoM meM AcAra va vicAra donoM ko samAna sthAna diyA gayA hai. udAharaNa ke lie mImAMsA paramparA kA eka pakSa pUrvamImAMsA AcArapradhAna hai jaba ki dUsarA pakSa uttaramImAMsA (vedAnta) vicArapradhAna hai. sAMkhya aura yoga kramazaH vicAra aura AcAra kA pratipAdana karane vAle eka hI paramparA ke do aMga haiM. bauddha paramparA meM hInayAna aura mahAyAna ke rUpa meM prAcAra aura vicAra kI do dhArAe~ haiM. hInayAna AcArapradhAna hai tathA mahAyAna vicArapradhAna. jaina paramparA meM bhI AcAra aura vicAra ko samAna sthAna diyA gayA hai. ahiMsAmUlaka prAcAra evaM anekAntamUlaka vicAra kA pratipAdana jaina vicAradhArA kI vizeSatA hai. vaidika dRSTi bhAratIya sAhitya meM AcAra ke aneka rUpa upalabdha hote haiM. vaidika saMhitAoM meM lokajIvana kA jo pratibimba milatA hai usase prakaTa hotA hai ki logoM meM prakRti ke kAryoM ke prati vicitra jijJAsA thI. unakI dhAraNA thI ki prakRti ke vividha kArya devoM ke vividha rUpa the, vividha devaprakRti ke vividha kAryoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote the. ye deva apanI prasannatA athavA aprasannatA ke AdhAra para unakA hita kara sakate the aura isalie loga unheM prasanna rakhane athavA karane lie unakI stuti karate, unakI yazogAthA gAte. stuti karane kI prakriyA athavA paddhati kA dhIre-dhIre vikAsa huA evaM isa mAnyatA ne janma liyA ki amuka DhaMga se amuka prakAra ke uccAraNapUrvaka kI jAne vAlI stuti hI phalavatI hotI hai. pariNAmataH yajJayAgAdi kA prAdurbhAva huA evaM devoM ko prasanna karane kI eka viziSTa AcAra-paddhati ne janma liyA. isa AcAra-paddhati kA prayojana logoM kI aihika sukha-samRddhi evaM surakSA thA. logoM ke hRdaya meM satya, dAna, zraddhA Adi ke prati mAna thA. vividha prakAra ke niyamoM, guNoM, daNDoM Adi ke pravartakoM ke rUpa meM vibhinna devoM kI kalpanA kI gaI. aupaniSadika rUpa upaniSadoM meM aihika sukha ko jIvana kA lakSya na mAnate hue zreyas ko paramArtha mAnA gayA hai tathA preyas ko heya evaM zreyas ko upAdeya batAyA gayA hai. isa jIvana ko antima satya na mAnate hue paramAtma tattva ko yathArtha kahA gayA hai. Atmatattva kA svarUpa samajhAte hue ise zarIra, mana, indriyoM Adi se bhinna batAyA gayA hai. isI dArzanika bhitti para sadAcAra, saMtoSa, satya Adi Atmika guNoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai evaM inheM AtmAnubhUti ke lie Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai. ina guNoM ke AcaraNa se zreyas kI prApti hotI hai. zreyas ke mArga para calane vAle virale hI hote haiM. saMsAra ke samasta pralobhana zreyas ke sAmane nagaNya haiM-tuccha haiM. sUtra, smRtiyA~ va dharmazAstra sUtroM, smRtiyoM va dharmazAstroM meM manuSya ke jIvana kI nizcita yojanA dRSTigocara hotI hai. inameM mAnava-jIvana ke kartavyaakartavyoM ke viSaya meM vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA gayA hai. vaidika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAtha hI sAtha sAmAjika guNoM evaM TI DIDEO NOR Jain Edu ww.jameriorary.org
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________________ 312 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0-0-0-0-0--0-0-0-0-0 AdhyAtmika vizuddhiyoM kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai. saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to inameM maulika sukhoM evaM Atmika guNoM kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai. sUtroM va dharmazAstroM meM mAnava-jIvana ke cAra sopAna-cAra Azrama nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM. jinake anusAra AcaraNa karane para manuSya kA jIvana saphala mAnA jAtA hai. ina cAra AzramoM ke pAribhASika nAma ye haiM :-brahmacaryAzrama, gRhasthAzrama, vAnaprasthAzrama va saMnyAsAzrama. brahmacaryAzrama meM zArIrika va mAnasika anuzAsana kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai jo sAre jIvana kI bhUmikA kA kAma karatA hai. gRhasthAzrama sAMsArika sukhoM ke anubhava va kartavyoM ke pAlana ke lie hai. vAnaprasthAzrama sAMsArika prapaMcoM ke AMzika tyAga kA pratIka hai. AdhyAtmika sukhoM kI prApti ke lie sAMsArika sukha-suvidhAoM ke hetu kiye jAne vAle prapaMcoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA saMnyAsAzrama hai. prathama tIna AzramoM kA paryavasAna saMnyAsAzrama meM hI hotA hai. ina cAra AzramoM ke sAtha hI sAtha cAra prakAra ke varNoM arthAt manuSyavargoM kA bhI nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA. ina vargoM ke kartavyAkartavyoM ke lie AcArasaMhitA bhI banAI gaI. AcAra ke do vibhAga kiye gaye : saba vargoM ke lie sAmAnya AcAra aura pratyeka varNa ke lie vizeSa AcAra. jisa prakAra pratyeka Azrama ke lie vibhinna kartavyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA, usI prakAra pratyeka varNa ke lie vibhinna kartavya nizcita kiye gaye, jaise brAhmaNa ke lie adhyayana-adhyApana, kSatriya ke lie rakSaNa-prazAsana, vaizya ke lie vyApAravyavasAya evaM zUdra ke lie sevA-zuzrUSA. isI vyavasthA arthAt AcArasaMhitA kA nAma varNAzramadharma athavA varNAzramavyavasthA hai. karmamukti bhAratIya AcArazAstra kA sAmAnya AdhAra karmasiddhAnta hai. karma kA artha hai cetanAzakti dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyA kA kArya-kAraNabhAva. jo kriyA arthAt AcAra isa kArya-kAraNa kI paramparA ko samApta karane meM sahAyaka hai vaha AcaraNIya hai. isase viparIta AcAra tyAjya hai. vividha dharmagraMthoM, darzanagranthoM evaM AcAragranthoM meM jo vidhiniSedha upalabdha haiM, isI siddhAnta para AdhArita haiM. yoga-vidyA kA vikAsa isa dizA meM eka mahAn prayatna hai, bhAratIya vicArakoM ne karmamukti ke lie jJAna, bhakti evaM dhyAna kA jo mArga batAyA hai vaha yoga kA hI mArga hai. jJAna, bhakti evaM dhyAna ko yoga kI hI saMjJA dI gaI hai. itanA hI nahIM, anAsakta karma ko bhI yoga kahA gayA hai. AtmaniyantraNa arthAt cittavRtti ke nirodha ke lie yoga anivArya hai. yoga cetanA kI usa avasthA kA nAma hai jisameM mana va indriyAM apane viSayoM se virata hone kA abhyAsa karate haiM. jyoM-jyoM yoga kI prakriyA kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM AtmA apane-Apa meM lIna hotI jAtI hai. yogI ko jisa Ananda va sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai vaha dUsaroM ke lie alabhya hai. vaha Ananda va sukha bAhya padArthoM para avalambita nahIM hotA apitu AtmAvalambita hotA hai. AtmA kA apanI svAbhAvika vizuddha avasthA meM nivAsa karanA hI vAstavika sukha hai. yaha sukha jise hamezA ke lie prApta ho jAtA hai vaha karmajanya sukhaduHkha se mukta ho jAtA hai. yahI mokSa, mukti athavA nirvANa hai. karma se mukta honA itanA AsAna nahIM hai. yoga kI sAdhanA karanA itanA sarala nahIM hai. isake lie dhIre-dhIre nirantara prayatna karanA par3atA hai. AcAra va vicAra kI aneka kaThina avasthAoM se gujaranA hotA hai. AcAra ke aneka niyamoM evaM vicAra ke aneka aMkuzoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai. isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vibhinna AtmavAdI darzanoM ne karmamukti ke lie AcAra ke vividha niyamoM kA nirmANa kiyA tathA AtmavikAsa ke vibhinna aMgoM tathA rUpoM kA pratipAdana kiyA. AtmavikAsa vedAnta meM sAmAnyatayA Atmika vikAsa ke sAta aMga athavA sopAna mAne gaye haiM. prathama aMga kA nAma zubha icchA hai. isameM vairAgya arthAt samyak patha para jAne kI bhAvanA hotI hai. dvitIya aMga vicAraNArUpa hai. isameM zAstrAdhyayana, satsaMgati tathA tattva kA mUlyAMkana hotA hai. tRtIya aMga tanumAnasa rUpa haiM jisameM iMdriyoM aura viSayoM ke prati anAsakti hotI rary.ora
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________________ -0-0--0----0-0--0--0-0-0 DA. mohanalAla mehatA : jainAcAra kI bhUmikA : 313 hai. isake bAda kI jo avasthA hai usameM mAnasika viSayoM kA nirodha prArambha hokara mana kI zuddhi hotI hai. isa avasthA kA nAma satyApatti hai. isake bAda padArthabhAvanI avasthA AtI hai jisameM bAhya vastuoM kA mana para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA. sAtavAM aMga turIyagA kahalAtA hai. isameM padArthoM kA mana se koI sambandha hI nahIM rahatA tathA AtmA kA sat cit va AnandarUpa brahma se ekAkAra ho jAtA hai. yaha avasthA nirvikalpaka samAdhirUpa hai. yogadarzana kA aSTAMga yoga prasiddha hI hai. prathama aMga yama meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya brahmacarya va aparigraha kA samAveza hotA hai. dvitIya aMga niyama meM zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya va IzvarapraNidhAna kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai. tRtIya aMga kA nAma Asana hai. caturtha aMga prANAyAmarUpa hai. pAMcavAM aMga pratyAhAra, chaThA dhAraNA, sAtavAM dhyAna va AThavAM samAdhi kahalAtA hai. nirvikalpa samAdhi AtmavikAsa kI aMtima avasthA hotI hai, jisameM AtmA apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM avasthita ho jAtI hai. karmapatha mImAMsA va smRtiyoM Adi meM kriyAkANDa para adhika bhAra diyA gayA hai jabaki sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, vedAnta Adi Atmazuddhi para vizeSa jora dete haiM. bauddhoM ke anusAra hamArI samasta pravRttiyA~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM-jJAta aura ajJAta. inheM bauddha paribhASA meM vijJapti aura avijJapti kahA jAtA hai. jaba koI vyakti parokSa arthAt ajJAta rUpa se kisI anya dvArA kisI prakAra kA pApakArya karatA hai to vaha avijJapti-karma karatA hai. jo jAnabUjha kara arthAt jJAtarUpa se pApakriyA karatA hai vaha vijJapti karma karatA hai. yahI bAta zubha pravRtti ke viSaya meM bhI hai. ataH zIla bhI vijJapti va avijJapti rUpa do prakAra kA hai. bauddha darzana ke anusAra pratyeka kriyA ke tIna bhAga hote haiM--prayoga, karmapatha aura pRSTha. kriyA kI taiyArI karanA prayoga hai. vAstavika kriyA karmapatha hai. anugAminI kriyA kA nAma pRSTha hai. udAharaNa ke rUpa meM corI ko leM. jaba koI corI karanA cAhatA hai to apane sthAna se uThatA hai, Avazyaka sAdhana-sAmagrI letA hai, dUsare ke ghara jAtA hai, cupacApa ghara meM ghusatA hai, rupaye-paise va anya vastueM DhUMDhatA hai aura unheM vahAM se uThAtA hai. yaha saba prayoga ke antargata hai. corI kA sAmAna lekara vaha ghara se bAhara nikalatA hai, yahI karmapatha hai. usa sAmAna ko vaha apane sAthiyoM meM bAMTatA hai, becatA hai athavA chipAtA hai. ye tInoM prakAra vijJapti va avijJaptirUpa hote haiM. itanA hI nahIM, eka prakAra kA karmapatha dUsare prakAra ke karmapatha kA prayoga athavA pRSTha bana sakatA hai. isI prakAra anya pApoM evaM zubha kriyAoM ke bhI tIna vibhAga kara lene cAhie. vastuta: prayoga, karmapatha va pRSTha prakRti kI athavA AcAra kI tIna avasthAeM haiM. inheM pravRtti ke tIna sopAna bhI kaha sakate haiM. kisa prakAra kI pravRtti arthAt karma se kisa prakAra kA phala prApta hotA hai, isakA bhI bauddha sAhitya meM pUrI taraha vicAra kiyA gayA hai. yaha vicAra bauddha AcArazAstra kI bhUmikArUpa hai. jainAcAra va jaina vicAra jainAcAra kI mUla bhitti karmavAda hai. isI para jainoM kA ahiMsAvAda, aparigrahavAda evaM anIzvaravAda pratiSThita hai. karma kA sAdhAraNa artha kArya, pravRtti athavA kriyA hai. karmakANDI, yajJa Adi kriyAoM ko karma kahate haiM. paurANika vrata-niyama Adi ko karmarUpa mAnate haiM. jaina paramparA meM karma do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai -dravyakarma va bhAvakarma. kArmaNa pudgala arthAt jar3atattva vizeSa jo ki jIva ke sAtha mila kara karma ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, dravyakarma kahalAtA hai. yaha Thosa padArtharUpa hotA hai. dravyakarma kI yaha mAnyatA jaina karmavAda kI vizeSatA hai. AtmA ke arthAt prANI ke rAga-dveSAtmaka pariNAma arthAt cittavRtti ko bhAvakarma kahate haiM. dUsare zabdoM meM prANI ke bhAvoM ko bhAvakarma tathA bhAvoM dvArA AkRSTa sUkSma bhautika paramANuoM ko dravyakarma kahate haiM. yaha eka mUlabhUta siddhAnta hai ki AtmA aura karma kA sambandha pravAhataH anAdi hai. prANI anAdi kAla se karmaparamparA meM par3A huA hai. caitanya aura jar3a kA yaha sammizraNa anAdikAlIna hai. jIva purAne karmoM kA vinAza karatA huA navIna karmoM kA upArjana karatA jAtA hai. jaba taka usake pUrvopArjita samasta karma naSTa nahIM ho jAte-AtmA se alaga nahIM ho jAte tathA navIna karmoM kA upArjana baMda nahIM ho jAtA-nayA baMdha ruka nahIM jAtA taba GEENA NARAURAT Jain E cation International www.jainelibyery.org
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________________ 314 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0-0-0--0--0--0-0--01-0-0 taka usakI bhavabhramaNa se mukti nahIM hotI. eka bAra samasta karmoM kA nAza ho jAne para punaH navIna karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotA kyoMki usa avasthA meM karmopArjana kA koI kAraNa vidyamAna nahIM rahatA. AtmA kI isI avasthA kA nAma mokSa, mukti, nirvANa athavA siddhi hai. isa avasthA meM AtmA apane asalI rUpa meM rahatA hai. AtmA kA yahI rUpa jainadarzana kA Izvara hai. paramezvara athavA paramAtmA isase bhinna koI vizeSa vyakti nahIM hai. jo AtmA hai vahI paramAtmA hai. 'je appA se paramappA.' karmavAda, niyativAda athavA anivAryatAvAda nahIM hai. karmasiddhAnta yaha nahIM mAnatA ki prANI ko niyata samaya meM upAjita karma kA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai athavA navIna karma kA upArjana karanA hI par3atA hai. yaha satya hai ki prANI ko svopArjita karma kA phala avazya bhoganA par3atA hai kintu isameM usake pazcAtkAlIna parAkrama, puruSArtha athavA AtmavIrya ke anusAra nyUnAdhikatA tathA zIghratA athavA derI ho sakatI hai. isI prakAra vaha navIna karma kA upArjana karane meM bhI amuka sImA taka svatantra hotA hai. Antarika zakti tathA AcAra kI paristhiti ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vyakti amuka sImA taka naye karmoM ke Agamana ko roka sakatA hai. isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta meM sImita icchAsvAtantrya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. karmabandha va karmamukti jaina karmavAda meM karmopArjana ke do kAraNa mAne gaye haiM-yoga aura kaSAya. zarIra, vANI aura mana ke sAmAnya vyApAra ko jaina paribhASA meM yoga kahate haiM. dUsare zabdoM meM jaina paribhASA meM prANI kI pravRttisAmAnya kA nAma yoga hai. kaSAya mana kA vyApAravizeSa hai. yaha krodhAdi mAnasika AvegarUpa haiM. yaha loka karma kI yogyatA rakhane vAle paramANuoM se bharA huA hai. jaba prANI apane mana, vacana athavA tana se kisI prakAra kI pravRtti karatA hai taba usake Asa-pAsa rahe hue karmayogya paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai arthAt AtmA apane cAroM ora rahe hue karma-paramANuoM ko karmarUpa se grahaNa karatA hai. isa prakriyA kA nAma Asrava hai. kaSAya ke kAraNa karmaparamANuoM kA AtmA se mila jAnA arthAt AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAnA baMdha kahalAtA hai. vaise to pratyeka prakAra kA yoga arthAt pravRtti karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hai kintu jo yoga krodhAdi kaSAya se yukta hotA hai usase hone vAlA karmabaMdha dRr3ha hotA hai. kaSAyarahita pravRtti se hone vAlA karmabaMdha nirbala va asthAyI hotA hai. yaha nAmamAtra kA baMdha hai. isase saMsAra nahIM bar3hatA. yoga arthAt pravRtti kI taratamatA ke anusAra karmaparamANuoM kI mAtrA meM tAratamya hotA hai. baddha paramANuoM kI rAzi ko pradeza-bandha kahate haiM. ina paramANuoM kI vibhinna svabhAva rUpa pariNati ko arthAt vibhinna kAryarUpa kSamatA ko prakRti-bandha kahate haiM. karmaphala kI mukti kI avadhi arthAt karma bhogane ke kAla ko sthiti-bandha tathA karmaphala kI tIvratA-mandatA ko anubhAga-bandha kahate haiM. karma baMdhane ke bAda jaba taka ve phala denA prArambha nahIM karate taba taka ke kAla ko abAdhAkAla kahate haiM. karmaphala kA prArambha hI karma kA udaya hai. jyoM-jyoM karmoM kA udaya hotA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM karma AtmA se alaga hote jAte haiM. isI prakriyA kA nAma nirjarA hai. jaba AtmA se samasta karma alaga ho jAte haiM taba usakI jo avasthA hotI hai use mokSa kahate haiM. jaina karmazAstra meM prakRti-bandha ke ATha prakAra mAne gaye haiM arthAt karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ ATha ginAI gaI haiM. ye prakRtiyA~ prANI ko bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke anukUla evaM pratikUla phala pradAna karatI haiM. inake nAma isa prakAra haiM-1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. Ayu, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, 8. antarAya. inameM se jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya va antarAya-ye cAra prakRtiyAM ghAtI kahalAtI haiM kyoMki inase AtmA ke cAra mUla guNoM--jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya kA ghAta hotA hai. zeSa cAra prakRtiyA~ aghAtI haiM kyoMki ye kisI AtmaguNa kA ghAta nahIM karatIM. ye zarIra se sambandhita hotI haiM. jJAnAvaraNIya prakRti AtmA ke jJAna arthAt vizeSa upayogarUpa guNa ko AvRta karatI hai. darzanAvaraNIya prakRti AtmA ke darzana arthAt sAmAnya upayogarUpa guNa ko AcchAdita karatI hai. mohanIya prakRti T10/ IDIO Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 0-0-0-0--0-0--0--0--0-0 DA. mohanalAla mehatA : jainAcAra kI bhUmikA : 315 AtmA ke svAbhAvika sukha meM bAdhA pahuMcAtI hai. antarAya prakRti se vIrya arthAt Atmazakti kA nAza hotA hai. vedanIya karmaprakRti zarIra ke anukUla evaM pratikUla saMvedana arthAt sukha-duHkha ke anubhava kA kAraNa hai. Ayu karmaprakRti ke kAraNa naraka, tiryaca deva evaM manuSya bhava ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai. nAma karma prakRti ke kAraNa narakAdi gati, ekendriyAdi jAti,audArikAdi zarIra Adi kI prApti hotI hai. gotra karmaprakRti prANiyoM ke laukika uccatva evaM nIcatva kA kAraNa hai. karma kI sattA mAnane para punarjanma kI sattA bhI mAnanI par3atI hai. punarjanma athavA paraloka karma kA phala hai. mRtyu ke vAda prANI apane gati nAma karma ke anusAra punaH manuSya, tiryaJca, naraka athavA deva gati meM utpanna hotA hai. AnupUrvI nAma karma use apane utpattisthAna para pahuMcA detA hai. sthAnAntaraNa ke samaya jIva ke sAtha do prakAra ke sUkSma zarIra rahate haiM: taijasa aura kArmaNa. audArikAdi sthUla zarIra kA nirmANa apane utpattisthAna para pahuMcane ke bAda prArambha hotA hai. isa prakAra jaina karmazAstra meM punarjanma kI sahaja vyavasthA kI gaI hai. karmabandha kA kAraNa kaSAya arthAt rAga-dveSajanya pravRtti hai. isase viparIta pravRtti karmamukti kA kAraNa banatI hai. karmamukti ke lie do prakAra kI kriyAe~ Avazyaka haiM :-navIna karma ke upArjana kA nirodha evaM pUrvopArjita karmakA kSaya. prathama prakAra kI kriyA kA nAma saMvara tathA dvitIya prakAra kI kriyA kA nAma nirjarA hai. ye donoM kriyAeM kramazaH Asrava tathA bandha se viparIta haiM. ina donoM kI pUrNatA se AtmA kI jo sthiti hotI hai arthAt AtmA jisa avasthA ko prApta hotI hai use mokSa kahate haiM. yahI karmamukti hai. navIna karmoM ke upArjana kA nirodha arthAt saMvara nimna kAraNoM se hotA hai:-gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya, cAritra va tapasyA. samyak yoganigraha arthAt mana, vacana va tana kI pravRtti kA suSThu niyantraNa gupti hai. samyak calanA, bolanA, khAnA, lenA-denA Adi samiti kahalAtA hai. uttama prakAra kI kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA, zuddhatA Adi dharma ke antargata haiM. anuprekSA meM anityatva, azaraNatva, ekatva Adi bhAvanAoM kA samAveza hotA hai. kSudhA, pipAsA, sardI, garmI Adi kaSToM ko sahana karanA parISahajaya hai. cAritra, sAmAyika Adi bheda se pAMca prakAra kA hai. tapa bAhya bhI hotA hai va Abhyantara bhI. anazana Adi bAhya tapa haiM, prAyazcitta Adi Abhyantara tapa kahalAtA hai. tapa se saMvara ke sAthasAtha nirjarA bhI hotI hai. saMvara va nirjarA kA paryavasAna mokSa-karmamukti meM hotA hai. prAtmavAda karmavAda kA AtmavAda se sAkSAt sambandha hai. yadi AtmA kI pRthak sattA na mAnI jAya to karmavAda kI mAnyatA nirarthaka siddha hotI hai. jaina AcArazAstra meM karmavAda ke AdhArabhUta AtmavAda kI bhI pratiSThA kI gaI hai. AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga hai. upayoga kA artha hai bodharUpa vyApAra. yaha vyApAra caitanya kA dharma hai. jar3a padArthoM meM upayoga-kriyA kA abhAva hotA hai kyoMki unameM caitanya nahIM hotA, upayoga arthAt bodha do prakAra kA hai:-jJAna aura darzana. sukha aura vIrya bhI caitanya kA hI dharma hai. isIlie AtmA ko ananta-catuSTayAtmaka mAnA gayA hai. ananta catuSTaya ye haiM--ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya. baddha arthAt saMsArI AtmA meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karma ke sampUrNa kSaya se kramazaH vizeSa bodharUpa ananta jJAna, sAmAnya bodharUpa ananta darzana, alaukika AnandarUpa ananta sukha va AdhyAtmika zaktirUpa ananta vIrya prAdurbhUta hotA hai. mukta AtmA meM ye cAra ananta-anantacatuSTaya sarvadA bane rahate haiM. saMsArI AtmA svadehaparimANa evaM paudgalika karmoM se mukta hotI hai, sAtha hI pariNamanazIla, kartA, bhoktA evaM sImita upayogayukta hotI hai. ahiMsA aura aparigraha jainAcAra kA prANa ahiMsA hai, ahiMsaka AcAra evaM vicAra se hI AdhyAtmika utthAna hotA hai jo karmamukti kA kAraNa hai. ahiMsA kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana evaM AcaraNa jaina paramparA meM upalabdha hai utanA zAyada hI kisI jainetara paramparA meM ho, ahiMsA kA mUlAdhAra AtmasAmya hai. pratyeka AtmA-cAhe vaha pRthvI sambandhI ho, cAhe usakA Azraya jala ho, LADKAN Jal Education mameindiary.org
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________________ 316 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya cAhe vaha kITa athavA pataMga ke rUpa meM ho, cAhe vaha pazu athavA pakSI meM ho, cAhe usakA vAsa mAnava meM ho---tAtvika dRSTi se samAna hai. sukha-duHkha kA anubhava pratyeka prANI ko hotA hai. jIvana-maraNa kI pratIti sabako hotI hai. sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM. vAstava meM koI bhI marane kI icchA nahIM karatA. jisa prakAra hameM jIvana priya hai evaM maraNa apriya, sukha priya hai evaM duHkha apriya, anukUlatA priya hai evaM pratikUlatA apriya, mRdutA priya hai evaM kaThoratA apriya, svatantratA priya hai evaM paratantratA apriya, lAbha priya hai evaM hAni apriya, usI prakAra anya jIvoM ko bhI jIvana Adi priya haiM evaM maraNa Adi apriya. isIlie hamArA kartavya hai ki hama mana se bhI kisI ke badha Adi kI bAta na soceM. zarIrase kisI kI hatyA karanA athavA kisI ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa pahu~cAnA to pApa hai hI, mana athavA vacana se isa prakAra kI pravRtti karanA bhI pApa hai. mana, vacana aura kAyA se kisI ko saMtApa na pahu~cAnA saccI ahiMsA hai, pUrNa ahiMsA hai. vanaspati Adi ekendriya jIvoM se lekara mAnava taka ke prati ahiMsaka AcaraNa kI bhAvanA jaina vicAradhArA kI anupama vizeSatA hai. ise ahiMsaka AcAra kA carama utkarSa kaha sakate haiM. AcAra kA yaha ahiMsaka vikAsa jaina saMskRti kI amUlya nidhi hai. ahiMsA ko kendrabindu mAnakara amRSAvAda, asteya, amaithuna evaM aparigraha kA vikAsa huA. Atmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka karmabaMdha ko rokane tathA baddha karma ko naSTa karane ke lie ahiMsA tathA tadAdhArita amRSAvAda Adi kI anivAryatA svIkAra kI gaI. isameM vyakti evaM samAja donoM kA hita nihita hai. vaiyaktika utthAna evaM sAmAjika utkarSa ke lie asatya kA tyAga, anadhikRta vastu kA agrahaNa tathA saMyama kA paripAlana Avazyaka hai. inake abhAva meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAtA. pariNAmata: AtmavikAsa meM bahuta bar3I bAdhA upasthita hotI hai. ina sabake sAtha aparigraha kA vrata atyAvazyaka hai. parigraha ke sAtha AtmavikAsa kI ghora zatrutA hai. jahAM parigraha rahatA hai vahAM AtmavikAsa kA mArga avaruddha ho jAtA hai. itanA hI nahIM, parigraha manuSya ke Atmapatana kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa banatA hai parigraha kA artha hai pApa kA saMgraha. yaha Asakti se bar3hatA hai evaM Asakti ko bar3hAtA bhI hai. isI kA nAma mUrchA hai. jyoM-jyoM parigraha bar3hatA hai tyoMtyoM mUrchA-gRddhi-Asakti bar3hatI jAtI hai. jitanI adhika Asakti bar3hatI hai utanI hI adhika hiMsA bar3hatI hai. yahI hiMsA mAnava-samAja meM vaiSamya utpanna karatI hai. isIse Atmapatana bhI hotA hai. aparigrahavRtti ahiMsAmUlaka AcAra ke samyak paripAlana ke lie anivArya hai. anekAntadRSTi jisa prakAra jaina vicArakoM ne AcAra meM ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA dI usI prakAra unhoMne vicAra meM anekAntadRSTi ko mukhyatA dI. anekAntadRSTi kA artha hai vastu kA sarvatomukhI vicAra. vastu meM aneka dharma hote haiM. unameM se kisI eka dharma kA Agraha na rakhate hue arthAt ekAntadRSTi na rakhate hue apekSAbheda se saba dharmoM ke sAtha samAna rUpa se nyAya karanA anekAntadRSTi kA kArya hai. aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke kathana ke lie 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga Avazyaka hai. 'syAt' kA artha hai kathaMcit arthAt kisI eka apekSA se kisI eka dharma kI dRSTi se. vastu ke aneka dharmoM arthAt ananta guNoM meM se kisI eka dharma arthAt guNa kA vicAra usa dRSTi se hI kiyA jAtA hai. isI prakAra usake dUsare dharma kA vicAra dUsarI dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai. isa prakAra vastu ke dharma-bheda se dRSTi-bheda paidA hotA hai. dRSTikoNa ke isa apekSAvAda athavA sApekSavAda kA nAma hI syAdvAda hai. cUMki syAdvAda se aneka dharmAtmaka arthAt anekAntAtmaka vastu kA kathana yA vicAra hotA hai ataH syAdvAda kA apara nAma anekAntavAda hai. isa prakAra syAdvAda va anekAntavAda jainadarzanAbhita sApekSavAda ke hI do nAma haiM. jainadharma meM anekAntavAda ke do rUpa milate haiM--sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza. sakalAdeza kA artha hai vastu ke kisI eka dharma se taditara samasta dharmoM kA abheda karake samagra vastu kA kathana karanA. dUsare zabdoM meM vastu ke kisI eka guNa meM usake zeSa samasta guNoM kA saMgraha karanA sakalAdeza hai. udAharaNArtha 'syAdastyeva sarvam' arthAt kathaMcit saba hai hI' aisA jaba kahA jAtA hai to usakA artha yaha hotA hai ki astitva ke atirikta anya jitane bhI dharma haiM, saba kisI dRSTi se Jain Edulation Intem Magarmendrary.org
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________________ DA. mohanalAla mehatA : jainAcAra kI bhUmikA : 317 astitva se abhinna haiM. isI prakAra, nAstitva Adi dharmoM kA bhI taditara dharmoM se abheda karake kathana kiyA jAtA hai. yaha abheda kAla, AtmarUpa, artha, sambandha, upakAra Adi ATha dRSTiyoM se hotA hai. jisa samaya kisI vastu meM astitva dharma hotA hai usI samaya anya dharma bhI hote haiM. ghaTa meM jisa samaya astitva rahatA hai usI samaya kRSNatva, sthUlatva Adi dharma bhI rahate haiM. ataH kAla kI dRSTi se astitva va anya guNoM meM abheda hai. yahI bAta zeSa sAta dRSTiyoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanI cAhiye. vastu ke svadravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva se astitva dharma kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai evaM paradravya-kSetrakAla-bhAva se nAstitva dharma kA. sakalAdeza meM eka dharma meM azeSa dharmoM kA abheda karake sakala arthAt sampUrNa vastu kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai. vikalAdeza meM kisI eka dharma kI hI apekSA rahatI hai aura zeSa kI upekSA. jisa dharma kA kathana karanA hotA hai vahI dharma dRSTi ke sanmukha rahatA hai. anya dharmoM kA niSedha to nahIM hotA kiMtu prayojanAbhAva ke kAraNa unake prati upekSAbhAva avazya rahatA hai. vikala arthAt apUrNa vastu ke kathana ke kAraNa ise vikalAdeza kahA jAtA hai. isa prakAra ahiMsA aura anekAntavAda kI mUla bhitti para hI jainAcAra ke bhavya bhavana kA nirmANa huA hai. -0-0-0-0-0--0--0-0-0-0 E Jain Education Intemational