Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyAomeM zodhake kSitija jIvavijJAna sto kalpanA jaina, bhiNDa (ma0pra0) 1 lor3hA, sikadara aura jaina ke vivaraNAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka lekhoMse patA calatA hai ki jaina AgamoM evaM anya graMthoMmeM ajIva padArthoMke samAna jIvita padArthoMpara bhI paryApta sAmagrI milatI hai / jainane Agama varNita jIvakI paribhASAkI samIkSA karate huye batAyA hai ki jIva do prakArake guNoMse abhilakSita kiyA gayA hai / paudgalika rUpameM usameM asaMkhyAta pradezikatA, gatizIlatA, parivartanazIlatA, dehaparimANakatA, prANApAna, karmabandha evaM nAnAtva pAyA jAtA hai / abhItikarUpameM usameM avinAzitva, amUrtatva evaM caitanya (saMvedanazIlatA) hotI hai / bhAvaprAbhRtameM ise raMgahIna, svAdahIna, gaMdhahIna, anizcita AkAra, aliMgI evaM jJAnendriyoMse agamya batAyA gayA hai| isake ATha alaukika guNoMmeM kevala jJAna, kevala darzana, anantavIrya va samyaktvake atirikta sUkSmatA, avyAbAdhatA, avagAhana kSamatA, tathA aNukalaghutvake samAna guNa bhI samAhita haiM / bhagavatIsUtrameM jIvake 23 nAmoMkA ullekha hai jinakA bhautika abhautika guNoMke rUpameM vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / sAraNI 1 se patA calatA hai ki jIvake adhikAMza lakSaNa bhautika prakRti ke haiM / vastutaH jina lakSaNoMko abhautika zreNImeM batAyA gayA hai, ve bhI bhautikatAkI dhAraNAse spaSTa kiye jA sakate haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye zarIrI jIvake vibhinna kAryoM evaM sthUla guNoMko hI nirUpita karate haiM / isameM manoraMjaka tathya yaha hai ki ina lakSaNoMmeM amUrtatAkA guNa kahIM samAhita nahIM hai / lagatA hai ki yaha to uttaravartI vikAsa hai / sAtha hI, kundakunda aura umAsvAtike samaya meM upalabdha AgamoMkI prAmANikatA nirvivAda rahI hai / ( yaha sarvArthasiddhike vivaraNase bhI puSTa hotI hai ) / taba yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai ki jIvake 23 lakSaNoMmeM se kevala 'upayogolakSaNam' hI kyoM uttarakAlameM mukhya lakSaNa mAnA jAne lagA ? vidvAnoM ko isa viSaya meM anuzIlana karanekI AvazyakatA hai| Adhunika vijJAnako dRSTise upayogake jJAna darzanAtmaka rUpoMko saMvedanazIlatAkI vibhinna koTiyoMke rUpameM mAnA jA sakatA hai jisakI bhautika vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai / isa AdhArapara AjakA vijJAna jIvanako bhautika hI pradarzita karatA dikhatA hai / para vaha jIvanake mUla lakSaNako abhautika mAnaneke viSayameM mauna hai| eka ora jahA~ Adhunika yugameM parakhanalI meM 1. jaina, nandalAla : a - jIva aura jIvavijJAna, vallabhazatAbdI smArikA, 1970 / ba - voTenikala kanTenTsa ina jaina kainansa, divAkara abhi0 grantha, 1976 / sa- juolojikala kanTenTsa ina jaina kainansa, pUrvokta, 1976 / 2. lor3hA, kanhaiyAlAla jaina AgamoMmeM vanaspativijJAna, marudhara kesarI abhinandana graMtha, 1968 / 3. sikadara, je0sI0 : a- phaibrika Ava lAipha eja kaMsIbDa ina jaina bAyolojI, sambodhi, 3, 1,1974 ba-e sarve Ava plAnTa eNDa enImalakiMgaDam pUja rivIlDa ina jaina vAyolojI 1-2, jabalapura vi0 vi0 vyAkhyAnamAlA 1976 / - 469 -..
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAraNI 1. jIvake guNoMkA vargIkaraNa bhautika lakSaNa abhautika lakSaNa 1. prANavAn (zvAsocchvAsAdi) 1. prANavAna (jIva, adRzyazakti) 2. astikAyatva 18. bhUtatva (anAdi, ananta, AvinAzI) 3. jIva (AyuSya) 5. vijJa (saMvedanazIlatA?) 4. satva (samartha) 19. veda (anubhUti) 5. vijJa (saMvedanazIlatA) 20. mAnava (anAdi) 6. cetA (pudgala cayakArI) 21. svayaMbhUta 7. jetA (pudgala kSayakArI) 22. antarAtmA (antaH zarIrI) 8. AtyA (satatagAmI) 9. hiMDuka (gamanazIla) 10. pudgala (pUraNa-galana) 11. kartA 12. vikartA (karmavedha) 13. jagata (gatizIla) 14. jantu (janmavAn) 15. yoni (prajananakSamatA) 16. sazarIrI (zarIra dhAraka) 17. nAyaka (karmanetA) 18. raMjaNa (rAgadveSa Adi) jIvanake udayase caitanyakI bhautikatA para sahasA avizvAsa nahIM ho pAtA, vahIM anekoM dvArA pUrvajanmako ghaTanAoMkI smRti tathA mRta vyaktiyoMkI AtmAoMse samparkakI prakriyA jIvanatatvako abhautikatAko prakaTa karatI dikhatI hai| vastutaH bIsavIM sadImeM mAnava digbhramita hai-jIvanake jIvana-tatvakI yathArtha prakRti kyA hai ? phira bhI, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna vijJAnakI jIvana tatva viSayaka mAnyatAyeM Agama yugIna mAnyatAoMko puSTa karatI haiM jahA~ indriya agamyatA evaM amUrtatAmeM spaSTa antara parilakSita hai / jainane apane zodha patroMmeM pradarzita kiyA hai ki jIvanatatvako vartamAna jIva kezikAoMkI apekSA sUkSma UrjAtmaka mAnane para bhI unakI bhautikatA hI puSTa hotI hai kyoMki UrjAyeM bhI jainAgamoMmeM kaNamaya mAnI gaI hai / kaNa aura UrjAke atirikta kisI abhautika padArthako vijJAna abhI mAnyatA nahIM de pA rahA hai / isake lie kucha aura Thosa pramANoMko AvazyakatA hai| isa prakAra jIvanake mUla tatvakI samIkSA abhI bhI eka jaTilatara prazna banA huA hai / sikadarane apane lekhameM jIvanake AvirbhAva aura saMcalanameM kAraNIbhata Agamokta paryApti aura prANoMko jIvana zaktike rUpameM batAyA hai| yaha ucita nahIM pratIta hotA, kyoMki paryAptiyoMke vikAsase jIvanake jo lakSaNa prakaTa hote hai, ve prANa kahalAte haiN| paryAptiyA~ to prAyaH sabhI sthUla rUpameM prakaTa hotI hai aura unake vikAsameM sUryakI tathA zarIrakI svayaMkI USmA evaM antaHsthita kiNvoMkI kriyAyeM hI kAraNa hotI haiM, yaha aba spaSTa ho cukA hai| hA~, karmasiddhAntake anusAra yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ye paryAptiyA~ -470
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viziSTa nAma karmodayake kAraNa prakaTa hotI haiN| isa karmaka hI zakti mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa zaktike kAraNa hI vividha prakArake prANAtmaka kArya sampanna hote haiN| para prANa aura paryAptiyoMkI paudgalikatA yA pudgalakAryatA pratyakSa hai| isa prakAra AgamakAlake jIvakA lakSaNa uttaravartI bIcake amUrta lakSaNase vilakSaNa pratIta hotA hai| saMbhavataH ye jIvake aupAdhika lakSaNa haiN| phalataH sabhI tatvoMke mUlabhUta tatvakI paribhASAke vikAsa para aura usakI avisaMvAdI paribhASAke lie zodhakI paryApta saMbhAvanAeM haiN| vartamAna meM to yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AgamoMmeM mUlataH jIvako abhautika mAnA gayA hai jisakA svarUpa svAnubhatike sivA prayoga aura tarkose jAnanA sambhava nahIM hai| hA~, rUsI vaijJAnika pAvalovake kucha prayoga avazya isa dizAmeM kucha nayA prakAza dete dikhate haiN| vibhinna prakArake saMsArI jIvoMkI utpatti sAmAnyataH garbhaja (jarAyuja, aMDaja aura potaja) tathA sammUcrchanaja hotI hai| isameM garbhaja utpattiko to jIvase jIvakI saliMgI utpattike rUpameM liyA jA sakatA hai / sammUrcchanaja utpattiko ajIvase jIvakI utpattike rUpameM liyA jA sakatA hai| prAcInakAlameM jovotpattike donoM hI siddhAnta pracalita rahe haiM / arastu to ajIvase jIvakI utpattike siddhAntako mAnatA thaa| yaha sammUrchanaja utpatti eka kozikIya jIvoMke lie satya hai para bahukozikIya evaM ekAdhika indriyake jIvoMpara lAgU nahIM hotI / phalataH vikaleniya jIvoMko utpatti garbhaja mAnI jAnI cAhiye / inakA veda veda aura strIveda bhI ho sakatA hai, mAtra napuMsaka nhiiN| etadviSayaka zAstrIya mAnyatA para punarvicAra karanekA jainane saMketa diyA hai| yahI nahIM, aba to bahatere vanaspatiyoMkA bhI saliMgI tathA vaikTIriyA Adiko aliMgI utpattikA jJAna huA hai| phalataH garbhaja utpattiko saliMgI aura aliMgI-do prakArakA mAnanA cAhiye / isake aneka udAharaNa lor3hAne diye haiN| vibhinna prakArake jIvoMko jaina zAstroMmeM aneka prakArake vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI jIvoMkA jJAnendriyAdhArita vargIkaraNa unakI apanI vizeSatA hai| manusmRtimeM yaha vargIkaraNa utpatti srota para AdhArita hai / lekina yahA~ eka bAta mAnanIya hai ki kyA mana chaThI indriya hai yA ise anindriya hI mAnA jAve ? tAmila vyAkaraNake pA~cavIM sadIke Tholaka kappiyaM nAmaka granthameM pA~cake badale chaH indriyoMkA ullekha haiM jinameM mana chaThI indriya hai| vahA~ kevala manuSyoMmeM hI yaha chaThI indriya mAnI gaI hai| vastutaH dravyamanake rUpameM manako bhI indriya mAnA jA sakatA hai para isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| yaha bhI eka zodhakA viSaya ho sakatA hai ki manakA indriyatva kaba pracalita thA aura kaba vaha anindriyakI koTimeM A gyaa| paMcendriyoMke kramika vikAsake AdhArapara jIvoMko pA~ca prakArakA batAyA gayA hai| jIvAbhigamameM inheM hI do se lekara battIsa prakArakA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| ekendriya jIvoMkI sthAvara tathA ekAdhika paMcendriya jIvoMko trasa kahA gayA hai / unheM nimna prakArase udAharita kiyA gayA hai : ekendriya, jIva, sthAvara pRthvI jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati / indriya jIva trasa kRmi (gobara aura peTake jIva), jalaukA, zaMkha, Adi 30 prakArake jIva / tri-indriya jIva cIMTI, juA~, pipIlakA, kanakhajUrA, Adi 39 prakArake jIva / 4. nAyara bI0 ke0 : klAsIphikezana Ava ainImalsa ina Tholakappiyama, vizvabhAratI sominAra, dillI, 1974 / -- 471 -
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ekendriya, jIva, sthAvara, pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati / caturindriya jIva , bhauMrA, bicchU, macchara, madhumakkhI, makar3I, makkhI Adi 39 prakArake jIva / paMcendriya jIva nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, deva inase pratyekake aneka bheda varNita hai| ekendriya jIva :-yadyapi jIvabhigamameM ekendriya sthAvara jIvoMke tIna hI bheda kiye hai-pRthvI kAyika, jala kAyika aura vanaspati kAyika, para uttaravartI samayameM inameM teja aura vAyakAyika aura jor3e gaye jinheM pUrva meM trasa mAnA jAtA rahA hai kyoMki ye gatizIla haiN| yadyapi Adhunika vaijJAnI yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu svayaM sajIva haiM, para inameM aneka prakArake jIva rahate haiM, yaha pratyakSa siddha hai| zAstroMmeM inheM cAra prakArakA batAyA gayA hai jinameMse kevala eka hI bheda hai jo salIva hai, para usameM pRthvItva nahIM hai / use pRthvItva grahaNa karanA hai| isI prakAra jalAdikI bhI sthiti hai / phalataH upalabdha pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu AgamataH bhI nirjIva hai, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| lekina AgamoMmeM inakI prAkRtika utpatti evaM zAstra-anupahatatAkI sthitiko inakI sajIvatA mAnA hai| phalataH ina cAra bhUtoMkI sajIvatA suvyAkhyAta nahIM pratIta hotii| vidvAnoMkI gahanatAse isa tathyakI chAnabIna karanI cAhiye / para yaha sahI hai ki ina bhUtoMkI sajIvatAkI bAta jainoMkI apanI viziSTatA hai / lor3hAne vanaspati kAyoMkI Agamokta sajIvatAko Adhunika vaijJAnika pariprekSyameM acchI taraha samIkSita kiyA hai| sikadarane bhI apane lekhameM paryAptiyoMko vartamAna proToplAjmake samakakSa mAnakara vanaspatiyoM ke aneka Agamokta varNanoMko bIsavIM sadIke saiddhAntika nirUpaNoMse jor3anekI khIMcatAna kI hai| lekina jainane batAyA hai ki sabhI varNana pUrva yaMtra yugIna haiN| jaina graMthoM meM vanaspatiyoMse sambandhita vividha varNana mukhyataH tIna koTiyoMmeM kendrita kiye jA sakate haiM-zarIra, AkAra aura vargIkaraNa / vanaspatiyoMkI kozikI, paryAvaraNikI evaM zarIra-kriyA-vijJAna Adi para varNana nagaNya hai| lor3hA aura sikadarane ina viSayoMke kucha uddharaNa diye haiM jo Agama yugake prakRti nirIkSaNake sthUla rUpako hI prakaTa karate haiM / inakI sUkSmatA tathA bhASanIyatA aba bahuta ho gaI hai| ina naye vivaraNoMke samAvezakI prakriyA eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai| ' vanaspatiyoMke Agamokta vargIkaraNa para vicAra karate haye jainane batAyA hai ki upayogitAvAdI vargIkaraNa na hokara prAkRtika guNoM yA samAnatAoM tathA vikAsa vAda para AdhArita hai| sarvaprathama unheM sAdhAraNa (anaMta kAya) aura pratyekake rUpameM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| sAdhAraNa sUkSma aura bAdara do prakArake hote haiM / inheM nigoda bhI kahate haiN| pratyeka jIva bAdara hI hote hai jo sapratiSThita aura apratiSThita ke bhedase do prakArake hote haiN| pratyeka jIva prArambhameM apratiSThita hI hotA hai aura bAdameM sapratiSThita ho jAtA hai| sUkSma sAdhAraNa jIva golAkAra aura adRzya hote hai aura ye sthUla sAdhAraNa jIvoMmeM utparivartita ho sakate haiM / ve aligI hote haiN| ye pratyeka koTike jIvoMkI utpattimeM bhI kAraNa hote haiN| ye jIvana meM sabase prArambhika rUpa hai / lor3hAne batAyA hai ki sUkSma sAdhAraNa jIvoMko Adhunika vekTIriyAke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye svajIvI bhI hote hai aura parajIvI bhI hote haiN| inheM sUkSmaziyoMse hI dekhA jA sakatA hai / bAdara sAdhAraNa jIvoMmeM aneka sUkSma sAdhAraNa jIva hote haiN| prajJApanAmeM inake 50 prakAra batAye gaye haiN| inameM phaMphUdI, kAI, zaivAla, kiNva Adi bhI samAhita haiN| jinheM Ajakala ailage, phaMjasa, vAyarasa Adi = 472
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nAmoMse kahA jAtA hai| yadi sUkSma sAdhAraNa jIvako eka kozikIyake samakakSa mAnA jAya, to bAdara sAdhAraNa aura pratyeka jIva bahukozikIya vanaspati Thaharate haiM / pratyeka jIvoMke bhI vibhinna prakArase 330 bheda batAye gaye haiM jinheM jainase sAraNIbaddha kiyA hai| zAstroMmeM batAyA gayA hai ki ina sabhI sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoMke caudaha lAkha aura pratyeka vanaspatiyoMke 10 spIzIja hote haiN| isa prakAra vanaspatiyoMke kula caubIsa lAkha spIzIja hote haiN| inake kuloMkI saMkhyA 1013 batAI gaI hai / vartamAnameM vanaspati zAstriyoMke liye to ye sUcanAyeM atizayataH atiraMjita pratIta hotI haiN| hA~, ve inake vividha AkAra va vistArake vivaraNase sahamata haiM / lekina ve inakI antarmuhUrtakI jaghanya AyukI sImA para ve mauna dikhate haiM / yadyapi vanaspati jIva ekendriya hote haiM, phira bhI satprarUNA sUtrake anusAra unheM anya indriyoMke bhI saMvedana hote haiM jo ve apanI sparzana indriya dvArA hI grahaNa karate haiM / hAlDenane batAyA hai ki vanaspatiyoMmeM sabhI indriyA~ hotI haiM / AgamakI bhASAmeM inheM bhAvendriyoMke rUpameM hI mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki vanaspatiyoM meM anya indriyA~ bhautika rUpase vikasita pAI jAtIM / vanaspatiyoMke sambandhameM AgamoMmeM varNana anekatra vikharA huA hai aura uparokta saMkSepaNoM aura samIkSaNako pUrNa nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhiye / isa bAtakI AvazyakatA hai ki zodhArthI sabhI Agamika srotoM se inakA pUrNa saMkalana kreN| tabhI samIcIna samIkSA evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai / dvindriyaka jIva : gatizIla jIvoMko trasa kahA gayA hai| AjakI bhASAmeM inheM gatizIla prANI kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi prANa vanaspatiyoMmeM bhI hote haiM, phira bhI prANi zabda uccatara jIvoMke liye rUr3ha ho gayA hai / jaina granthoMmeM prAvidhoMke sambandha meM upalabdha vivaraNoMkA AMzika saMkalana aura samIkSaNa jaina aura sikadara ne kiyA hai| o0 pI0 jaggIne batAyA hai ki trasoMkA indriya vikAsa para AdhArita vargIkaraNa caraka, suzruta, prazastapAda aura arastU ke vargIkaraNase adhika maulika aura vyApaka hai / sikadara ne isa vargI karaNakA saMkSepana kiyA hai / trasoMke mukhya cAra bheda mAne gaye haiM- dvi-indriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya | saMghavIne apanI vyAkhyAmeM batAyA hai ki ye bheda mukhyataH dravyendriya para AdhArita haiM kyoMki sabhI jIvoMmeM pA~coM hI bhAvendriyA~ hotI haiM / lekina siddhAntazAstrIne ina bhedoMko bhAvendriyAdhArita batAyA hai jo samucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| sabhI dvi-indriya, tri-indriya evaM caturindriya jIvoMko manarahita tathA aliMgI batAyA gayA hai / inheM napuMsaka liMgI mAnA jAtA hai| paMcendriya jIvoMmeM kuchako manarahita tathA aliMgI batAyA gayA hai / anyoMko manasahita tathA saliMgI batAyA gayA hai| prajJApanA aura jIvavicAra prakaraNa para AdhArita apanI tulanAtmaka sAraNImeM jainane Adhunika prANivaijJAnika mAnyatAoMke sAtha jaina granthoMmeM varNita prANivijJAnakA saMkSepaNa kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki zAstrIya vivaraNake 17 binduoMmeMse 10 binduoMkA milAna nahIM hotA / udAharaNArtha, Adhunika prANivijJAna sabhI trasoMmeM dravyamanakI upasthiti mAnate haiM, unakI saliMgI utpatti mAnate haiM, unheM tInoM vedakA mAnate haiM aura unakI saMkhyA kAphI kama mAnate haiM / yahI nahIM, aneka udAharaNoM meM jIvoMkI indriyA~ zAstrIya mAnyatAoMse adhika pAI gaI haiM / ina cAkSuSa antaroM para gaMbhIratAse vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yahI nahIM, prANivijJAna sambandhI adhyayanake aneka kSetroM meM zAstrIya vivaraNa nagaNya hI milatA hai / sikadara ne apane vivaraNa meM isa ora dhyAna nahIM dilAyA hai / isake bAvajUda bhI, yaha niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcAryoMne apane parIkSaNakI paridhi meM sUkSma aura bAhara sabhI prakArakI trasoMkI 470 jAtiyoMko samAhita kiyA hai jaisA sAriNI 2 se prakaTa hotA hai / isa prakArakA vargIkRta vivaraNa anya darzanoMmeM upalabdha nahIM hotA / 60 - 473 -
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2 sAraNI 2. vibhinna prakArake trasoMkA vivaraNa kauTi udAharaNa ___ jAti liMga dvi-indriya zaMkha, goMca, vibhinna prajJApanAM jIva vicAra prakaraNa aliMgI prakArake kRmi tri-ndriya cIMTI, illI, kanakhajUrA, juA~ pizuka Adi / 39 12 caturindriya makkhI, TiDDI, bhramara, macchara, pataMgA, titalI Adi 38 paMcendriya tithaMca (a) jalacara 5(33) ___ aliMgI aura saliMgI (ba) thalacara 2(35) (sa) nabhacara (pakSI) 4(46) paMcendriya manuSya (a) sammUrcchana aliMgI (ba) garbhaja manuSya antadvipI saliMgI karmabhUmija Arya mleccha bhogabhUmija m >> | | / / 470 isase jJAta hotA hai ki jainAcArya adhyAtmake kSetrameM jitane agraNI rahe haiM, utane hI ve prakRti nirIkSaNa evaM saiddhAnti vicAroMke kSetrameM bhI apane samayameM agraNI rahe haiM / jainane ina prakaraNoMmeM aneka visaMgatiyoMkI ora saMketa dete haye batAyA hai ki AgamoMmeM aneka vartamAna sUkSmatara nirIkSaNoMke nirUpaNa na karanekA kAraNa sambhavataH yantroMkA abhAva tathA ahiMsAkA siddhAnta rahA hogaa| vanaspati vijJAnake samAna prANivijJAnake tatva bhI aneka Agama granthoMmeM vikhare par3e haiN| unakA abhI pUrA saMkalana nahIM ho pAyA hai| ye prakaraNa zvetAmbara mAnya granthoMmeM paryApta mAtrAmeM pAye jAte haiN| -474 -