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________________ jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA ( zikSaka - zikSArthI svarUpa evaM sambandha ) vyakti aura samAja ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa meM zikSA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai / zikSA rASTra kA darpaNa hai, jisameM vahA~ kI saMskRti kI jhalaka dekhI jA sakatI hai aura zikSita vyaktiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra se kisI rASTra ke svarUpa kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / vijJAna kI cahu~mukhI pragati ke sAtha zikSA jagata meM bhI paryApta pragati huI hai / isa zaikSika pragati ke phalasvarUpa mAnava ne bhautika vikAsa kI U~cAiyoM ko hastagata kiyA hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM / parantu ina U~cAiyoM ko hastagata karake bhI vaha Aja azAnta hai, dvandva aura saMgharSa se grasta hai / isakA eka bar3A kAraNa hai zikSA meM bhautikatA ke sAtha adhyAtma aura dharma kA sAmaMjasya nahIM rahA / adhyAtma aura dharma zikSA meM kyA mUlabhUta parivartana lA sakatA hai, isa dRSTi se vicAra karane hetu isa nibandha meM jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSaka aura zikSArthI ke svarUpa tathA unake saMbaMdhoM para vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jaina vicAradhArA meM carcita etadviSayaka yogadAna ke AdhAra para zikSA meM Avazyaka pari vartana karake usake maMgalakArI svarUpa ko punaH sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai / . cAMdamala karNAvaTa, udayapura zikSaka aura zikSArthI - zikSA ke pAvana punIta kArya meM zikSaka aura zikSArthI do pramukha dhruva haiM / samucita zikSA vyavasthA kI dRSTi se ina donoM ke svarUpa evaM inake pArasparika saMbaMdhoM ko samajhanA parama Avazyaka hai / zikSArthI ke lie zikSaka Adarza hotA hai aura zikSaka bhI apane zikSArthI ko samajhakara usakI yogyatA ruci, vikAsa aura pAtratA ko pahacAnakara hI use zikSA pradAna karane kA saphala upakrama kara sakatA hai / zikSaka kaisA ho aura zikSArthI kaisA ho ? yaha jAnane ke lie jaina vicAradhArA meM pradarzita zikSaka aura zikSArthI ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai / zikSaka kA svarUpa - jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSaka ke lie 'guru', 'AcArya' evaM ' upAdhyAya' ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM / upAdhyAya ke lie AcArya zIlAMka ne 'adhyApaka' zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / jaina vicAradhArA meM mukti yA mokSa mArga ke sAdhana rUpa tIna tattvoM ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai / ve haiM - deva, guru aura dharma / samyagdarzana yA darzanasamyaktva ke pATha meM ina tInoM kA ullekha huA haiarihanto maha devo, jAvajjIvaM susAhuNo guruNo, jiNapaNNattaM tattaM, ia sammattaM mae gahiyaM 11 1. Avazyaka sUtra - darzana samyaktva kA pATha SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbhoM meM jaina paramparA kI parilabdhiyA~ Jain Eucation International sAdhvIratna abhinandana grantha Private & Personal Lise Only 446 www.jainemerary.org
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________________ %EM muktimArga ke tIna tattvoM meM deva aura dharma ke sAtha guru ko bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai / guru hI deva aura dharma kA bodha karAte haiM / jisase sudeva aura jinaprarUpita dharma kI ArAdhanA dA karake sAdhaka mukti mArga para saphalatA se agrasara hotA hai| jainadharma ke namaskAra maMtra meM siddha bhagavAna se pahale Namo arihantANaM' pada meM arihantoM ko ra vandana kiyA gayA hai kyoMki mukti prApta siddhoM kI anupasthiti meM saMsAra ko kalyANa kA mArga batAne | vAle arihanta hI haiN| ve hI vizva ke guru haiM / sUtra dazavaikAlika meM guru kI mahimA aura garimA ko | vyakta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki saMbhava hai agni na jalAe athavA kupita jaharIlA sA~pa na khAe / saMbhava hai lA samudramanthana se prApta ghAtaka viSa na mAre, kintu AdhyAtmika guru kI avajJA se parama zAnti saMbhava hI 20 nahIM hai| jaina vicAradhArA meM AcArya aura upAdhyAya donoM ko guru/zikSaka mAnA gayA hai| ve sAdhusAdhviyoM ko zAstroM kI vAcanA yA zikSA dete haiN| ve svayaM zAstra kA adhyayana karate aura anyoM ko bhI adhyayana karAte haiM / yadyapi zikSaNa kA kArya mukhyatayA upAdhyAya ke dvArA hI saMpanna hotA hai, tathApi AcArya bhI apane pAsa adhyayana karane vAle sAdhu-sAdhvI varga ko adhyayana karate hue zikSaNa kA kArya karate haiN| upAdhyAya-ye zAstroM ke rahasya ke jJAtA evaM pAraMgata hote haiN| jJAna aura kriyA se yukta inakA saMyama yA cAritra ziSya varga ko gahana preraNA pradAna karatA hai| ye 25 guNoM ke dhAraka hote haiM / 11 aMga 12 upAMga sUtroM ke jJAtA hone ke sAtha caraNasattarI evaM karaNasattarI rUpa cAritrika guNoM ke dhAraka hote haiN| ye svamata evaM paramata arthAt anya darzanoM dharmoM ke bhI jJAtA hote haiN| apane ziSyoM ko unakI yogyatA evaM pAtratA ke anurUpa zikSaNa dete hue ve hetu, dRSTAMta, tarka evaM udAharaNoM se tattvoM kI vyAkhyA karate haiM jo zikSaNa ko sarasa, ruciprada, bodhagamya evaM hRdayagrAhI banAtA hai| upAdhyAya meM 8 prabhAvaka guNa hote haiM jo unake jIvana kI mahanIyatA ko prakaTa karate haiM: 1. pravacanI-jaina va jainetara AgamoM ke marmajJa vidvAna / 2. dharmakathI-dharmakathA (dharmopadeza) karane meM kuzala / 3. vAdI-svapakSa ke maNDana aura parapakSa ke khaMDana meM siddhahasta / 4. naimittika-bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna meM hone vAle hAni-lAbha ke jJAtA / 5. tapasvI-vividha prakAra ke tapa karane meM nipuNa / 6. vidyAvAna-rohiNI, prajJapti Adi 14 vidyAoM meM niSNAta / 7. siddha-aMjana Adi vividha prakAra kI siddhiyoM ke jJAtA / 8. kavi-gadya, padya, kathya, geya cAra prakAra ke kAvyoM kI racanA karane vAle / jitanA unakA jJAna pakSa prabala hai, utanA hI unakA cAritra yA kriyApakSa bhI sudRr3ha hotA hai / saMgha meM jo sammAna AcArya ko diyA jAtA hai, vahI sammAna upAdhyAya ko bhI prApta hotA hai / upAdhyAya AlioneZRS. 1. dazavakAlika sUtra adhyayana ha gAthA 7 2. Avazyaka sUtra 3. saMkalita-jaina AcAra : siddhAnta aura svarUpa-upAcArya zrI devendra muni ee 450 SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbho meM jaina-paramparA kI parilabdhiyA~ Moto sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha
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________________ bhAvazramaNa ko, arthAt jo sAdhu dharma kA bhAvapUrvaka zuddha pAlana karate haiM, hI vAcanA dete haiM yA adhyayana karAte haiM, kevala vezadhArI sAdhu ko nahIM / yadi ve aisA nahIM karate to prAyazcitta ke bhAgI hote haiN| isakA abhiprAya hai ki adhyApaka ziSya kI pAtratA ko dekhakara parakhakara hI use adhyayana karAveM / tabhI adhyayana-adhyApana phalIbhUta hotA hai / zikSaNa-prakriyA meM upAdhyAya apanI vidvattA evaM buddhi kA samyak prayoga karate hue AcaraNa kA Adarza ziSyoM ke samakSa rakhate haiM / isase ziSyavarga meM guru ke prati zraddhAbhAva dRr3ha banatA hai| vyavahAra sUtra meM dIkSA paryAya arthAt kauna zramaNa kitane varSoM se sAdhu jIvana kA pAlana kara rahA hai, ise lakSya karake vividha zAstroM ko vAcanA lene yA zikSA prApta karane hetu sAdhuoM ko adhikRta kiyA gayA hai / jaise tIna varSa kA sAdhu jIvana jo zramaNa-zramaNI pUrNa kara cukA, use AcArakalpa, AcAra rAMga, nizIthAdi sUtroM kA adhyayana karAyA jA sakatA hai, Adi / isa prakAra zramaNa ziSyoM kI pAtratA ke anusAra unheM vAcanA yA zikSaNa pradAna karate hue upAdhyAya svayaM jaisI vAcanA dete haiM vaisA hI ve svayaM AcAra kA bhI paripAlana karate haiN| AcArya-ye sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAdikA (vratadhArI sadgRhasthavarga) rUpa saMgha ke nAyaka hote haiN| isa caturvidha saMgha meM dharma kA udyota ho aura saMgha ke sadasya dharmArAdhanA meM agrasara hoM, isa hetu AcArya unheM netRtva pradAna karate haiN| saMgha meM AcArya bhI apane ziSyoM tathA anya zramaNoM ko adhyayana karAte haiM / ve zAstroM ke pAThI hote haiM aura zAstroM ke marmajJa hote haiM / zAstra meM AcArya ke 36 guNoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| ve AjIvana ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kA pUrNarUpeNa mana, vacana, karma se pAlana karate haiM / jJAnAcAra Adi pA~ca AcAroM kA pAlana karate. pA~ca indriya jI pA~ca indriya jItate, krodhAdi cAra kaSAya jItate, 6 bAr3asahita brahmacarya kA pAlana karate hue pA~ca samiti tIna gupti kA zuddha pAlana karate haiM / ve svayaM AcAra kA pAlana karane se AcArya kahalAte aura anyoM ko bhI AcAra pAlane kI preraNA pradAna karate haiN| sUtra dazAzru taskandha meM AcArya kI ATha sampadAoM kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai, AcArasampadA Adi / AcAra sampadA ke anusAra AcAraniSThA AcArya kA pramukha guNa hai| ve AcAra meM dRr3ha aura dhruva hote haiM / AcAra sampanna hone para bhI unheM kiMcit bhI abhimAna nahIM hotaa| ve sadA saMyama meM jAgRta rahate aura anyoM ko bhI jAgRta rakhate haiM / zrutasampadA meM unake jJAna kI samRddhi darzAte hue zAstrakAra ne batAyA hai ki ve AcArya paricitazruta arthAt AgamoM ke sUtra-artha ke marmajJa, bahuzruta arthAt bahuta AgamoM ke jJAtA, vicitrazruta arthAt svamata tathA anyamata ke gahana adhyetA tathA ghoSavizuddhikArakatA meM zabda prayoga meM alaMkRtatva, satyatva, priyatva, hitatva tathA prAsaMgikatA Adi meM kuzala hote haiN| 'zarIra sampadA' meM AcArya ke zarIra ke balavAna, kAntimAna, surUpavAna evaM pUrNendriya, santulita AkAra-prakAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya ko kevala AcAravAna, zra tavAna evaM matimAna hI nahIM batAyA gayA hai, apitu unake zarIra ke uttama rUpa, AkAra, bala ko bhI unakI vizeSatAoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| Ss PROLLS 1. nizIthasUtra udde. 16 sUtra 27 3. Avazyaka sUtra -arihaMtAdi paMcapada bhAvavandana 2. vyavahAra sUtra uddezaka 10 sUtra 21 se 37 4. dazAzrutaskandhasUtra adhyayana 4 sUtra 3 se 10 SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbho meM jaina-paramparA kI parilabdhiyA~ Ho5000 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha FORivate personal use only
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________________ AcArya kI vAcanA sampadA yA adhyApana zikSaNa sambandhI vizeSatAoM kA varNana evaM usako vyAkhyA karanA yahA~ atyanta prAsaMgika hai| pratyeka sampadA kI taraha 'vAcanA sampadA' ke bhI cAra bheda kie gae haiM / ve haiM-(a) viditvoziti (ba) viditvA vAcayati (sa) parinirvApya vAcapati (da) artha niryApakatA / prathama viditvodizati meM yA zikSaNa kI vizeSatA meM sarvaprathama AcArya ziSya kA kisa Agama meM praveza ho sakatA hai, aisA jAnakara unakA adhyApana karate yA vAcanA dete haiM / prArambha se hI AcArya kA lakSya zikSArthI hotA hai na ki zikSaNa sAmagrI yA pAThaya vastu / ve ziSya ko jAnakara aura pahacAnakara hI zikSaNa-kriyA kA prArambha karate haiN| viditvA vAcayati meM ziSya kI dhAraNAzakti kI aura usakI yogyatA ko jAnakara pramANa, naya, hetu, dRSTAnta evaM yukti Adi se sUtra artha aura donoM kI zikSA dete haiN| isakA abhiprAya hai ki zikSArthI hI zikSaNa kA kendra rahatA hai / AcArya pAThya granthoM se bhI adhika ziSya ko jAnane kA prayAsa karate haiM / yahI zikSaNa kA marma bhI hai / parinirvApyavAcayati meM sarva prakAra se pUrva paThita viSaya ko ziSya ne bhalIbhAMti grahaNa kara liyA hai, yaha jAnakara hI ve ziSya ko Age zikSaNa karate yA vAcanA dete haiM / 'artha niryApakatA' meM sUtra meM nirUpita tattvoM kA nirNaya rUpa paramArtha kA adhyApana ve pUrvApara sagati dvArA, utsarga, apavAda, | syAdavAda Adi se svayaM jAnakara ziSyoM ko sikhAte haiN| arthAta AcArya kA nijI adhyayana, adhyApana kriyA ke sAtha gatimAna rahatA hai / AcArya kA zikSaNa bhI rucikara aura subodha banatA hai kyoMki ve hetu, dRSTAMta, yukti, udAharaNa Adi kA prayoga karate hue viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN| AcArya cUMki saMgha ke anuzAstA hote haiM, ataH ve prayoga aura saMgrahaparijJA sampradAoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA parijJAna evaM nirNaya karake apane ziSyoM ke lie sarvatobhAvena vyavasthA dekhate haiN| yaha unakA anuzAsana kA/zikSA-prabandha kA eka rUpa hotA hai| unakI pratyeka pravRtti sAnnidhya meM rahane vAle ziSyoM ke lie Adarza hotI hai| una vyavahAroM ko dekhakara ziSya unakA anukaraNa karate aura jIvana meM agrasara hote haiN| zikSArthI yA ziSya kA svarUpa-jaina darzana ke anusAra koI bhI vyakti kevala zarIramaya nahIM hotA / usameM eka paramazaktizAlI jJAnavAna Atmatattva bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra ziSya bhI kevala zarIradhArI vyakti hI nahIM, eka ananta zakti evaM jJAna sampanna AtmA bhI hotA hai / jaina siddhAnta 'appA so paramappA' ke anusAra 'AtmA'hI paramAtmA hai|' pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmasvarUpa pAne kI kSamatAe~ nihita hotI haiM, bhale hI ve karmoM ke AvaraNa se prakaTa nahIM ho pA rahI hoN| ziSya bhI ina zaktiyoM kA pUja hai aura zikSA ina zaktiyoM aura kSamatAoM ko vikasita karatI aura prakaTa karatI hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, upayoga aura vIrya sabhI AtmAoM ke samAna guNa haiN| ina guNoM se yukta sabhI AtmAe~ eka haiM / yaha prANImAtra kI ekatA kA sudRr3ha AdhAra hai| ziSya kI pahacAna bhI unake jJAna evaM vikAsa ke lA AdhAra para hI kI jA sakatI hai, jAti, varNa, bhASA Adi ke AdhAra para nahIM / sabhI jIvoM meM cetanA aura AtmA samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai, tathApi usakA vikAsa sabhI 8 jIvoM meM samAna nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana meM vikAsa ke AdhAra para jIvoM ke 5 bheda kie gae haiM-ekendriOF yAdi / isa prakAra jIvoM meM Atmatatva kI samAnatA hote hue bhI vikAsIya bhinnatA vidyamAna hai / yaha 1 ThANAMga 5 sUtra 433 452 SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbho meM jaina-paramparA kI parilabdhiyAM 20 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha E private ParsonalilsaOnly
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________________ vikAsa unake samyak puruSArtha para nirbhara hotA hai| ziSya meM bhI yaha siddhAnta caritArtha hotA hai / ziSya varga kA vikAsa bhI samAna nahIM hotA parantu puruSArtha dvArA ziSya apanA utkRSTa vikAsa karane meM samartha hote haiM / ziSya varga kI bhinnatA ko dRSTigata kara pAThya sAmagrI aura zikSA ke svarUpa meM bhI tadanusAra bhinnatA honI caahiye| zAstra uttarAdhyayana meM ullekha hai ki gurukula meM guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahate hue ziSya upadhAna arthAt zAstrAdhyayana se sambandhita viziSTa tapa meM nirata rahatA hai, vahI ziSya zikSA prApti ke yogya hotA hai / tapArAdhanA se zarIra ke mAnasika prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa zikSArthI zikSA meM ekAgna bana skegaa| yaha samyaktapa samyakpuruSArtha kA hI eka rUpa hai| jainadarzanAnusAra pratyeka AtmA ko hI kartA aura bhoktA mAnA gayA hai| svayaM AtmA hI apanA niyAmaka aura niyaMtA hai| vaha apane hI acche-bure karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai| ziSyoM ko zikSaNa kA samAna vAtAvaraNa, zikSaka Adi prApta hone para bhI katatva aura bhoktRtva to ziSyoM meM hI nihita hotA 37 hai| zikSaka ke mArgadarzana meM ve svayaM hI apane karma se parama aura carama vikAsa karate haiN| zikSaka varga ko isa dArzanika tathya evaM satya ko samajhakara ziSya varga kA samucita sammAna karate hue unakI svAyattatA kA Adara karanA cAhie, jisase ziSya varga meM svatantra cintana evaM nirNaya kI sAmartha kA vikAsa ho ske| zikSArthI kI pAtratA ke sambandha meM satra nizItha meM ullekha prApta hotA hai ki ve ziSya vAcanA yA hai| zikSA dene yogya nahIM haiM jo rUkSasvabhAvI, caMcala citta, akAraNa eka gaNa se gaNAntara meM jAne vAle, durbala caritra arthAt mUla (mahAvrata) uttaraguNoM ke virAdhaka, adhIra aura AcArya ke pratibhASI haiM / ziSya ko * zikSaNa kI pAtratA prApta karane hetu ukta doSoM kA parityAga karake madhura svabhAvo, ekAgracitta, eka sthAna para Tikakara adhyayanarata rahane vAlA, dhairyavAna, dRDha caritra evaM guru kA sammAna karane vAlA bananA Avazyaka hai / ziSya ke ina guNoM meM Antarika aura bAhya vyavahAraparaka guNa dekhe jA sakate haiM / isI sUtra meM ullekha hai ki jo bhikSu (AcArya yA upAdhyAya) apAtra zikSArthI ko vAcana yA zikSA detA hai yA anya ko vAcanA kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| mUtra uttarAdhyayana meM ullekha hai ki jo zikSArthI yA ziSya abhimAnI, krodhI, pramAdo (AlasyAdi) rogI aura AlasI hotA hai, vaha zikSA nahIM prApta kara sktaa| isake AdhAra para vidyArthI ko BAI zArIrika, mAnasika aura Atmika tInoM dRSTiyoM se yogya honA Avazyaka hai| zikSArthI kI pAtratA meM jaina vicAradhArA kevala AdhyAtmika guNoM kI hI apekSA nahIM karatI apitu zArIrika nIrogatA, sphUrti Adi guNa bhI apekSita mAnatI hai / isake atirikta zikSArthI meM nimna guNa bhI apekSita haiM--vaha ahasanazola, jitendriya, marma prakaTa na karane vAlA aura zIlavAna honA caahiye| sAtha hI vaha rasanendriya kA lolupI na ho aura krodha para nigraha karake satya meM dRr3ha prItivAna ho| AhAra meM sAdagI aura saMyama bhI zikSArthI ke Avazyaka guNa haiM / sUtra uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 11 gAthA 4-5 meM brahmacarya samAdhi ke 6 sthAnoM meM bhojana saMyama ke antargata praNIta yA sarasa bhojana kA SMOKHABHIREM 1. uttarAdhyayana 11/14 3. nizItha sUtra uddezaka 16 sUtra 200 (bhASya) 5. vahI 11/3 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20/37 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 16/16 SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbho meM jena-paramparA kI parilabdhiyA~ 07 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha stor Private & Personal Use Only www.jainemorary.org
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________________ tathA atiAhAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / yaha nirdeza pratyeka muni kI taraha zikSArthI muni ke lie bhI pAlanIya hai / aisA karake zikSArthI muni sAdA jIvana jIte hue adhika manoyoga pUrvaka adhyayana karane meM samartha ho sakegA / zikSaka - zikSArthI sambandha (a) sAnnidhya yA nikaTatA - jaina AcArya yA upAdhyAya ke pAsa adhyayana karane vAlA sAdhuvarga unake sAnnidhya meM hI nivAsa karatA hai / zAstroM meM isIlie ziSya ke lie 'antevAsI' yA nikaTa meM rahane vAlA zabda prayukta huA hai / guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara unake pratyakSa vyavahAroM ko dekhate hue ziSya aneka zikSAe~ grahaNa karatA hai / sAnnidhya meM rahane se guru ziSya ko aura ziSya guru ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnate aura samajha lete haiM / isase zikSaNa kriyA meM ziSya aura guru donoM ko paryApta sahayoga prApta hotA hai / (ba) sevA, sahayoga aura snehapUrNatA - sUtra uttarAdhyayana meM sAdhu-samAcArI ke 10 bhedoM meM abhyutthAna samAcArI meM batAyA gayA hai ki ziSya ( muni) apane AcArya upAdhyAya rUpI zikSaka ke Ane para khar3A hokara unakA sammAna karatA hai aura unakI sevA zuzrUSA ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahatA hai / chandanA samAcArI ke anusAra zaikSa sAdhu gurujanoM kA saMketa pAkara bAla, glAna aura zaikSa ( adhyayanarata zramaNa ) zramaNoM ko AhArAdi ke lie AmantraNa karatA hai / yaha bAla (choTe sAdhu) aura rogI tathA zikSArthI sAdhuoM ke prati guru ke snehabhAva kA dyotaka hai / abhyutthAna meM guru ke prati ziSya kI zraddhA evaM sevA bhAvanA vyakta huI hai / yaha sabhI kArya upakAra yA pratikAra kI bhAvanA se na karate hue Atmazuddhi kI bhAvanA se kiyA jAtA hai| kitanI nirIhatA hai guru-ziSya ke ina sambandhoM meM jo ullekhanIya aura anukaraNIya hai / adhyApaka bhI vAcanA yA zikSA kA kArya kevala Atmazuddhi yA karma- nirjarA ke hetu hI karate haiM / 'vinaya' ko zikSArthI kA | vidyArthI nisvArtha bhAva se mUlaguNa mAnA gayA hai| gurujana kA vinaya karake (sa) vinayapUrNatA - jaina vicAradhArA meM 'viNao dhammassa mUlo' arthAt vinaya dharma kA mUla vainayikI buddhi prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra kI buddhi se vinayavAna ziSya kaThinatama prasaMgoM ko bhI sulajhA letA hai aura nItidharma ke sAra ko grahaNa karatA hai / isa prakAra vinayapUrvaka grahaNa kiyA huA jJAna abhISTa phala pradAtA banatA hai | bhagavAna mahAvIra ne antima samaya meM upadeza dete hue uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM vinaya kI hI vivecanA kI hai / dazavaikAlika sUtra meM bhI vinaya samAdhi kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / vinayavAna ziSya AtmasamAdhi yA AtmazAMti ko prApta karatA hai / (da) samAnatA - jaina darzana 'mAnA gayA hai ki sabhI jIvoM meM eka hI cetanA yA Atmatattva vidyamAna hai | sUtra dazavaikAlika meM batAyA gayA ki sAdhaka ko prANimAtra ko Atmatulya samajhakara sabhI jIvoM ke sAtha Atmavat vyavahAra karanA cAhie / rAgadveSa bhAva AtmA ke patana kA kAraNa banate haiM / yaha jAnakara aura mAnakara AcArya aura upAdhyAya zikSaka apane zikSArthI ke sAtha samAna vyavahAra karate haiM / ve donoM samatAbhAva se arthAt ziSya ko Atmavat samajhate hue ziSyoM ko vAcanA yA zikSA dete haiM / unake doSoM para kabhI krodha nahIM karate / ziSya muniyoM ke vikAsa ko dRSTigata karake ve unheM samAna bhAva se vAcanA dete haiM / 1. uttarAdhyayana 113 3. naMdIsUtra gAthA 73 454 2. vahI, adhyayana 26 gAthA 5 se 7 SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbhoM meM jena paramparA kI parilabdhiyA~ na sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha FPMate & Personal Use Only
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________________ ( N + Adhunika zikSA ko yogadAna-uparyukta tathyoM evaM unake vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA Adhunika zikSA jagata ko nimnAMkita yogadAna kara sakatI hai (i) jainavicAradhArA meM zikSaka ko jJAnavAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha utanA hI AcAraniSTha bhI batAyA gayA hai / jJAna aura AcAra donoM ko samAna mahattva diyA gayA hai| Aja zikSita logoM ke gire hue AcaraNa se samAja dukhI hai / cAritrika mUlyoM ko zikSAnIti meM rekhAMkita kiyA jAnA caahie| kriyA yA cAritra ke abhAva meM jJAna abhISTa phaladAyI nahIM ho sktaa| ___ Aja zikSaka kA cayana mukhya rUpa se usakI akAdamika yogyatA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jAtA hai| usake AcaraNa yA caritra kI prAyaH upekSA hI kI jAtI hai| AcaraNa se gire hue zikSaka kisa prakAra caritravAna chAtroM kA nirmANa kara sakate haiN| isalie zikSaka ke cayana ke mApadaNDoM meM usake AcaraNa ko bhI pramukha mAnadaNDa (Criteria) nirdhArita kiyA jAnA cAhie / isa parivartana se caritravAna zikSaka prApta ho skeNge| vyaktitva, abhiruci evaM abhivatti parIkSaNoM se yaha kArya sampanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra zaikSika vAtAvaraNa aura abohavA meM eka mUlabhUta parivartana lAnA Avazyaka hai| yaha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai ki zikSaNa meM zikSArthI hI kendra bindu rahanA caahie| (i) zikSArthI kI pAtratA para bhI gambhIra vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| anivArya zikSA. jo AdhAra para kiyA jAnA vAMchanIya hai| jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSArthI 'muni' kI pAtratA para kitanA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| apAtra chAtra ko adhyayana karAne vAlA AcArya svayaM prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA 37 hai| ataH vartamAna zikSA vyavasthA meM chAtra kI pAtratA ke mAnadaNDa nirdhArita hone ke zakSA vyavasthA meM chAtra kI pAtratA ke mAnadaNDa nirdhArita hone caahie| usameM bhI ||5 SH AcaraNa para vizeSa bala honA cAhie / isakA nirdhAraNa parIkSaNoM dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai / isase eka 7 ora rucizIla, yogya evaM sakArAtmaka abhivRtti vAle vidyArthI prApta hoMge, vahA~ dUsarI ora ucca zikSA / ke lie bhArI bhIr3a para bhI niyantraNa kiyA jA skegaa| sAtha hI isase rASTra chAtra samasyAoM se bhI mukti pA skegaa| (iii) zikSaka-zikSArthI sambandhoM meM nikaTatA Avazyaka hai| jaina vicAradhArAnusAra zikSArthI zikSaka ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara adhyayana karatA hai / vaha 'antevAsI' hotA hai / zikSArthI zikSaka ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara usake jIvana vyavahAroM se jitanA sIkhatA hai, utanA anya kisI prakAra se nhiiN| Aja kI dUrastha zikSA (Distance Education) meM chAtra-zikSaka ke sambandha luptaprAya ho rahe haiN| ina sambandhoM meM nikaTatA kI rakSA hara prakAra se kI jAnI caahie| ise adhikAdhika chAtrAvAsoM kI sthApanA se hala kiyA jA sakatA hai| (iv) zikSaka-zikSArthI sambandhoM meM samAnatA, sevA, sneha evaM sahayoga jaise guNoM ko bhI vikasita | kiyA jAnA cAhie / bhAratIya pariveza meM ye guNa sAMskRtika virAsata meM milane cAhie / parantu aisA bhI nahIM ho rahA hai / jaina zikSAnusAra zikSaka aura ziSya zikSaNa ko Atmazuddhi kA kArya mAnate haiM, vyavasAya nhiiN| - zikSA ke vyApaka artha ko lekara ina binduoM para punarvicAra karanA ati Avazyaka hai, kyoMki acche zikSakoM-zikSArthiyoM evaM unake madhura sambandhoM se hI koI rASTra vAstavika artha meM samRddha aura sampanna bana sakatA hai| BACXSI SaSThama khaNDa : vividha rASTrIya sandarbho meM jana-paramparA kI parilabdhiyA~ Co00 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Por private Personal use only