Jain Vichardhara Jain Drushtine Gita Part 02

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Nalini Joshi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009864/1

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seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana puNe vidyApITha jaina vicAradhArA ('sakALa' vRttapatrAsAThI 49 laghulekha) jaina dRSTIne gItA ('lokamata' vRttapatrAsAThI 49 laghulekha) bhAga - 2 sanmati-tIrtha prakAzana novheMbara 2010 DaoN. nalinI jozI

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seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana puNe vidyApITha * dona laghuprakalpa * (2009-2010) jaina vicAradhArA ('sakALa' vRttapatrAsAThI 49 laghulekha) jaina dRSTIne gItA ('lokamata' vRttapatrAsAThI 49 laghulekha) DaoN. nalinI jozI prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana sanmati-tIrtha prakAzana novheMbara 2010

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* jaina vicAradhArA ; jaina dRSTIne gItA * saMpAdaka nalinI jozI * saMpAdana sahAyya anItA botharA kaumudI baladoTA * prakAzaka sanmati-tIrtha (prAkRta va jainavidyA saMzodhana saMsthA) 844, zivAjInagara, bI.em.sI.sI.roDa phirodiyA hosTela, puNe - 411004 phona naM. - (020) 25671088 * sarva adhikAra surakSita * prakAzana : novheMbara 2010 * prathama AvRtti - 1000 * mUlya : ru. 150/ * akSara juLavaNI - ajaya jozI * mudraka : kalyANI kaoNrporezana 1464, sadAziva peTha puNe - 411030 phona naM. - (020) 24471405

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jaina vicAradhArA manogata hiMdU, jaina ANi bauddha he bhAratIya saMskRtIcyA jaDaNaghaDaNItIla tIna mukhya vicArasrota Aheta. tyApaikI hiMdU ANi bauddha vicArapravAhAMcA paricaya sAmAnya mANasAlA bar2yAca aMzI jhAlelA asato. tyA tulanene jaina tattvajJAna, bhASAsAhitya, kalA ANi itihAsa yAMcI oLakha atizaya kamI asate. jainavidyA (jainaoNlaoNjI) hI eka saMpUrNa jJAnazAkhA Ahe. ticA paricaya karUna deNyAsAThI vRttapatrAsArakhyA sazakta mAdhyamAcA upayoga karUna ghetalA pAhije', hA vicAra aneka varSe manAta ghoLata hotA. puNe vidyApIThAcyA aMtargata asalelyA jaina adhyAsanAta prAdhyApikA mhaNUna mAnada niyuktI jhAlyAnaMtara yA vicArAne adhikaca jora dharalA. gelyA dona tapAtIla akhaMDa vAcana, ciMtanAtUna prastuta 'jaina vicAradhArA' udbhUta jhAlI. ___ mA. abhayajI phirodiyA yAMnI 'jaina vicAradhArA' sakALa vRttapatrAcyA mAdhyamAtUna prasiddha vhAvI mhaNUna vizeSa prayatna kele. gurupaurNimA te RSipaMcamI (julai-sapTeMbara 2009) hyA 49 divasAta tI sakALa vRttapatrAta kramAne prasiddha jhAlI. aneka anukUla ANi kAhI pratikUlahI pratisAda Ale. ekUNa anubhava utsAhavardhaka hotA. 2010 sAlacA jUna mahinA ujADalyAvara jaina dharmAzI saMbaMdhita asalelyA viSayAMvara sphuTalekhana karAve azI icchA punhA ekadA manAta nirmANa jhAlI. lokamata vRttapatrAcA vAcaka vegaLA asalyAne lokamatakaDe jaina adhyAsanAcya tarphe eka lekhayojanA pAThavilI. jaina ANi jainetara doghAMnAhI rasa vATaNyAcyA dRSTIne viSayAcI nivaDa kelI. gItesArakhyA lokapriya graMthAta vyakta jhAlelyA tattvajJAnAtmaka vicArAMcI jaina dRSTikoNAtUna samIkSA karAvI ase vATate. sanmati-tIrthacyA vidyArthinIMbarobara veLoveLI jhAlelyA carcemuLe 50 vegavegaLyA mudyAMvara ApalyAlA lihitA yeIla, asA vizvAsa vATalA. lokamatacyA saMpAdakAMnI lekhAMcyA pariyojanece cAMgale svAgata kele. 2010 cyA gurupaurNimA te RSipaMcamI yA 49 divasAMcyA kAlAvadhIta lekhamAlA prasiddha jhAlI. tyA lekhAMvara AlelyA pratikriyAbaMdhI 'upasaMhAra' va 'AvAhana' yA zIrSakAMcyA zevaTacyA dona lekhAta vistArAne mAhitI dilI Ahe. tI kRpayA vAcakamI vAcAvI. ___ yA donhI lekhamAlA pustakarUpAne prakAzita karaNyAcI icchA mA. abhayajI phirodiyA yAMnI vyakta kelI. tyAMnI dilelyA protsAhanAmuLe va Arthika sahAyyAmuLe he pustaka vAcakAMcyA hAtAta paData Ahe. pustakAcyA lekhanApAsUna te vitaraNAparyaMta yA prakriyeta sahabhAgI asalelyA sarvAMviSayI hArdika RNa vyakta karate. DaoN. nalinI jozI jaina adhyAsana pramukha puNe vidyApITha

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* jaina vicAradhArA * lokamata vRttapatrAsAThI jainavidyecyA vividha aMgAMvara prakAza TAkaNAre 49 laghulekha kAlAvadhI : guruporNimA, 24 julai 2010 RSipaMcamI, 12 sapTeMbara 2010

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anukramaNikA jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA 1) prastAvanA 2) jaina paraMparA ANi mahAbhArata 3) jaina paraMpareta ariSTanemi ANi kRSNa vAsudeva 4) jaina mahAbhAratAta gItAca nAhI !! 5) vyavahAra ANi nizcayanayAcI gallata 6) deva-manuSya saMbaMdha (1) 7) deva-manuSya saMbaMdha (2) 8) iMdriya-mana-buddhi-AtmA : uttarottara zreSThatA 9) svadharma-paradharma 10) 'sarva dharmAMcA parityAga karUna malA ekaTyAsa zaraNa ye' 11) gItetIla vedaviSayaka vicAra (1) 12) gItetIla vedaviSayaka vicAra (2) 13) vedaviSayaka jaina ullekha (1) 14) vedaviSayaka jaina ullekha (2) 15) siddhAnAM kapilo muniH 16) tejasvitecI dakhala 17) uddharet AtmanA AtmAnam 18) tattvajJAnAtIla pratimAsRSTI (bhAga 1) 19) tattvajJAnAtIla pratimAsRSTI (bhAga 2) 20) tattvajJAnAtIla pratimAsRSTI (bhAga 3) 21) yuddhAce rUpaka (1) 22) yuddhAce rUpaka (2) 23) gItetIla yajJa : jaina samIkSesaha (1) 24) gItetIla yajJa : jaina samIkSesaha (2) 25) gItetIla yajJa : jaina samIkSesaha (3) 26) jaina graMthAtIla yajJavicAra (1) 27) jaina graMthAtIla yajJavicAra (2) 28) gItetIla vizvarUpadarzana : pArzvabhUmI 29) vizvarUpadarzanAcI jaina mImAMsA 30) gItA ANi jaina paraMparetIla 'adbhutatA' 31) 'karma' kazAlA mhaNatAta ? 32) karmaNyevAdhikAraste 33) karmAMcA lepa ANi AvaraNa 34) karmAMcA baMdha 35) karmabaMdhAce prakAra

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anukramaNikA jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA 36) karmabaMdhAce hetU (kAraNe) (1) 37) karmabaMdhAce hetU (kAraNe) (2) 38) gItA karmaparaka Ahe ANi jaina dharma ? 39) yadA yadA hi dharmasya 40) gIteta tapAce sthAna 41) jaina AcArazAstrAta tapAce sthAna 42) zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM 43) zraddhA-jJAna-AcaraNa parasparasaMbaMdha 44) daivI saMpadA ANi dazavidha dharma 45) AcArAMga, upaniSade ANi gItA (1) 46) AcArAMga, upaniSade ANi gItA (2) 47) bhaktI : gItetIla ANi jaina paraMparetIla (1) 48) bhaktI : gItetIla ANi jaina paraMparetIla (2) 49) upasaMhAra 50) AvAhana

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 1 : prastAvanA gelI 25 varSe jainavidyA ANi prAkRtacyA prasArAlA vAhilelI 'sanmati-tIrtha' hI 'puNe vidyApITha mAnyatAprApta saMsthA' puNyAta kAryarata Ahe. tI prAmukhyAne saMzodhanasaMsthA asalI tarI jainavidyA ANi prAkRtace mUlabhUta prAthamika jJAna deNyAsAThI tI sadaiva kaTibaddha Ahe. jainavidyA (jainaoNlaoNjI, jainijham) ANi prAkRtace zreNIbaddha pAThyakrama se 55 varSe cAlatAta. tyAnaMtara aneka pragata pAThyakramAMcIhI vyavasthA Ahe. koNatyAhI zAkheta padavI prApta kelelA vidyArthI, he pAThyakrama pUrNa kelyAvara em.e (prAkRta, jainaoNlaoNjI) adhika prabhAvIpaNe karU zakato. naMtara yA kSetrAta adhika samarthapaNe saMzodhanakAryahI karU zakato. AjaparyaMta puNe va saMpUrNa mahArASTrAtIla hajAro vidyArthyAMnI (mukhyata: vidyArthinIMnI) ase mUlabhUta pAThyakrama atyaMta AvaDIne va yazasvIpaNe pUrNa kele Aheta. sanmati-tIrthacyA niralasapaNe kArya karaNAr2yA 30 zikSikAMcA ekasaMdha samudAya yAsAThI jhaTato Ahe. prasiddha udyojaka sva.navalamalajI phirodiyA yAMcyA bhakkama pAThiMbyAvara 1986 pAsUna yA saMsthecA AraMbha jhAlA. Aja tyAMce suputra mA. abhaya phirodiyA, saMsthece AdhArastaMbha Aheta. yA saMsthene tayAra kelele jainavidyece abhyAsakrama pUrNata: zaikSaNika svarUpAce Aheta. tyAta karmakAMDa ANi sAMpradAyikatA yAMcA pUrNa abhAva Ahe. jaina paraMparecA itihAsa, tattvajJAna, sAhitya ANi kalA yA cAra dRSTikoNAtUna zuddha jJAnAcI yethe upAsanA kelI jAte. vidyArthivarga mukhyata: jainadharmI asalA tarI aneka jainetarAMnIhI tyAcA lAbha ghetalA Ahe. jainavidyece (AThavaDyAtUna ekadA 2 tAsa) yApramANe salaga 12-15 varSe adhyayana kelele aMdAje 100 vidyArthI puNyAta Aheta. he korses kelyAnaMtara, arthopArjanAcI zakyatA nasatAnAhI, tyAMnI dAkhavilelI jJAnalAlasA AjacyA yugAta apavAdAtmakaca mAnAvI lAgela. ___ 'jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA'- yA viSayAcI evaDhI prastAvanA kazAsAThI ? kAraNa-sanmati-tIrthacyA aMdAje 60 vidyArthinIMnI atyaMta autsukyAne, salaga 3 varSe gItetalA eka-eka zloka vAcUna, mana lAvUna abhyAsa kelA. mahinyAcyA zevaTacyA zanivArI 'gItecI jaina dRSTIne samIkSA'-yA viSayAvara aneka carcAsatre jhAlI. 'sanmatitIrtha'ce brIdavAkya Ahe-'paNNA samikkhae dhamma' arthAt, 'prajJene dharmAcI parIkSA karA.' tyAnusAra gItecI pArzvabhUma, mahAbhAratIya yuddha, arjunaviSAdayoga ANi kramAne gItece adhyAya - yA sarvAMcI vidyArthinIMnI khUpa sAdhakabAdhaka, udbodhaka carcA kelI. carcA itakI prabhAvI hotI kI lekhamAlecyA rUpAne tI vRttapatrAta yAvI ase 'jaina-adhyAsanapramukha' yA nAtyAne malA vATale. tyApramANe 50 laghulekhAMcyA dvAre, gurupaurNimecyA divazI yA lekhamAlecA AraMbhahoto Ahe. vAcakAMnA tI AvaDela yAcI khAtrI Ahe. "gItA' hA hiMdU dharmIyAMcA prAtinidhika graMtha Ahe kI nAhI ?"-yAviSayI abhyAsakAMmadhe matabheda asU zakatAta ; paraMtu gItecI lokapriyatA deza-videzAta evaDhI aphATa Ahe kI gItevara AdhArita graMthAMce eka moThe saMgrahAlaya banU zakate, navhe-azI saMgrahAlaye upalabdha Aheta. jaina paraMparA hI ApalyAca dezAta prAcIna kALApAsUna astitvAta asalelI eka samRddha zramaNa paraMparA Ahe. jaina tattvajJAna, karmasiddhAMta, vizvasvarUpa ANi jJAnamImAMsA yAMcyA pArzvabhUmIvara 'gItA kazI disate ?'-yAcA Alekha yA lekhamAleta Ahe. vaicArikatelA yAta prAdhAnya Ahe. "dRSTikoNa badalalA kI tyAca ghaTanA kazA vegaLyA disU zakatAta"-he yA lekhamAletUna sAMgAyace Ahe. itara koNatAhI hetU nAhI, he muddAma namUda karAvese vATate.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 2 : jaina paraMparA ANi mahAbhArata 'mahAbhArata hA graMtha gharAta ThevU naye, kAraNa gharAcaM mahAbhArata hotaM', hA samaja koNI, kasA ANi kevhA pasaravalA, he eka gUDhaca Ahe. hiMdUdharmIya mhaNUna gaNalyA jANAr2yA gharAMmadhehI yA matAcA Adara kelA jAta hotA. ajUnahI kAhI loka mahAbhArata ANi tyAcaM bhASAMtara gharAta ThevaNaM azubha mAnatAta. jaina lokAMcaM tara vicArUca nakA. paravAca mAjhI jaina maitriNa sAMgata hotI kI rathAvara ArUDha jhAlelyA, kRSNa ANi arjuna yAMcaM, utkRSTa bharatakAma asalelaM citra, ticyA gharAtalyA jyeSTha vyaktInaM kADhUna TAkAyalA lAvalaM.maga mahAbhArata graMtha gharAta ThevaNyAcI tara goSTaca nako ! "taulanika abhyAsa karaNyAsAThI ApaNa jainavidyecyA aMtargata gItA zikU yA", asA vicAra mAMDatAca, sanmati-tIrthacyA puNyAbAheracyA keMdrAtUna tIvra pratikriyA AlyA. 'arjunAlA yuddhAsa pravRtta karUna, pracaMDa hiMsA DavUna ANaNArA hA hiMsopadezaka graMtha jainAMnI vAcU naye, zikUhI naye'; naMdIsUtra nAvAcyA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta yAlA maithyiAzruta' mhaTale Ahe. mhaNUna he pAkhaMDa zikU naye'-asehI eka mata vyakta kele gele. naMdIsUtrAtalA ullekha kADhUna pAhilA tara asaM disataM kI brAhmaNa paraMparetalyA veda, rAmAyaNa, bhArata, pAtaMjalazAstra, bhAgavata' azA aneka graMthAMnA tithaM mithyAzruta' mhaTalaM Ahe. paraMtu tyAca paricchedAcyA akherIsa asaMhI mhaTalaM ahe kI, he graMtha mithyAdRSTInaM zikalyAsa 'mithyAzruta' Aheta paraMtu 'samyak dRSTInaM' zikalyAsa 'samyak zruta' Aheta. mhaNaje ApalI tAttvika baiThaka sthira ThevUna 'sAhitya mhaNUna asalelI uparokta graMthAMcI vAcanIyatA' jainAMnAhI mAnya asalelI disate. __vara ullekhalelA naMdIsUtra' graMtha, prAkRta itihAsAta suprasiddha vasudevahiNDI' hA graMtha, haribhadrakRta dhUrtAkhyAna' hA graMtha, udyotanasUrikRta 'kuvalayamAlA' nAvAcaM campUkAvya-yA sarva prAkRta graMthAMta mahAbhAratAcA ullekha 'bhArata' (bhAha) yA nAvAne yeto. ApalyAlA mAhitaca Ahe kI mahAbhAratAcI ekUNa tIna saMskaraNe jhAlI. tyApaikI dusar2yA saMskaraNAce nAva 'bhArata' Ahe. jaina itihAsa ANi mahAbhAratAcA kAlanirNaya karaNAre abhyAsaka yAMcyA matAMvara najara TAkalI tara ApaNa mhaNU zakato kI, bha.mahAvIrAMcyA kAryakALAta mahAbhAratA'ce dusare saMskaraNa cAlU hote. Aja ApalyAsamera asalele mahAbhArata (kI je sAmAnyata: eka lAkha zlokAMce Ahe) bha.mahAvIrAMcyA kALAta pracalita navhate. mhaNUnaca jaina sAhityAta 'bhArata' nAvAce pracalana disate. taseca Aja upalabdha asalelyA mahAbhAratAvara jaina ANi bauddha vicArAMcA pratikriyAtmaka pagaDA jANavato-ase mata lo.TiLakAMnI va itara abhyAsakAMnIhI noMdavUna Thevale Ahe. jainAMnI mahArASTrI, saMskRta ANi apabhraMza bhASeta saMpUrNa rAmAyaNAcI racanA kelelI disate. arthAt tyAta bharapUra jainIkaraNa va badala Aheta. jaina paraMpareta mahAbhAratAsaMbaMdhI paurANika mahAkAvye lihiNyAcA AraMbha 8 vyA zatakAtIla jinasenakRta saMskRta 'harivaMzapurANA'ne jhAlA. tyAnaMtara 'harivaMzapurANa', 'yaduvaMzacarita', 'ariSTanemicarita' azA nAvAce aneka graMtha mukhyataH digaMbara AcAryAMnI saMskRta va apabhraMza bhASeta racale. terAvyA zatakAnaMtara pANDavapuraNa', 'pANDavacarita' azA nAvAMce saMskRta graMthahI lihile. yA graMthAMnA ApaNa 'jaina mahAbhArata' mhaNU zakato paraMtu yAtIla bahutAMzI graMthAMta ariSTanemi ANi zrIkRSNa yAMna keMdrasthAnI ThevUna racanA kelelI disate. ekamekAMnA cheda deNAr2yA aneka jIvanapaTAMnI vyAmizra banalelyA vyAsakRta mahAbhAratAsArakhe 'jaina mahAbhAratA'ce svarUpa nAhI. vizeSa mhaNaje 'mahAbhArata' hA zabda tyAMnI kaTAkSAne TALalelA disato. ariSTanemi ANi zrIkRSNa yAMce jaina paraMparetIla sthAna udyAcyA lekhAta pAha. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA ___ lekhAMka 3 : jaina paraMpareta ariSTanemi ANi kRSNa vAsudeva jaina paraMpareta ariSTanemi (prAkRta-riTThaNemi/ariTTanemi) he 24 tIrthaMkarAMpaikI 22 ve tIrthaMkara Aheta. lo.TiLakaMtrI 'gItArahasyA'cyA prastAvaneta mahAbhAratIya yuddhAcA kALa i.sa.pU.2400 asA mAnalA Ahe. jaina paraMparenehI kRSNa vAsudeva ANi ariSTanemIMcA kALa i.sa.pU. 1400 mAnAvayAsa prAya: kAhI harakata disata nAhI. mahAbhAratAta zrIkRSNAla upadeza karaNAre 'ghora aMgirasa RSi' mhaNaje ariSTanemi hota-ase abhyAsakAMce mata Ahe. ___jaina itihAsAnusAra, 'zauryapura' athavA 'zaurikapura' yethe harivaMzAtIla (yadukuLAtIla) 'aMdhakavRSNi' rAjAsa 'samudravijaya' hA jyeSTha putra hotA ANi 'vasudeva' hA kaniSTha putra hotA. samudravijayAlA dona putra hote-ariSTanemi ANi rathanemi. vasudevAsa dona putra hote-kRSNa (vAsudeva) ANi balarAma. 'vasudeva' yA vyaktirekhelA jaina purANAta atizaya mahattvAce sthAna Ahe. mahAbhAratAtIla vasudevAcI vyaktirekhA tyAmAnAne dhUsara Ahe. vasudeva atizaya suMdara hotA. tyAlA apratima gAyana-vAdanakalA avagata hotI. nagarAnagarAta phiraNyAcA tyAlA chaMda hotA. nagarastriyA tyAcyAkaDe AkRSTa hota. mhaNUna tyAcyA pityAne tyAcyA svairasaMcArAvara niyaMtraNa ANale. tyAne eke rAtrI veSAMtara kele va to bAhera paDalA. 'vasudevahiMDI' (mahArASTrI prAkRta graMtha-6 ve zataka) yA graMthAcI pArzvabhUmI azI Ahe. tyAne 100 varSe (?) bhramaNa kele ANi 100 vivAha (?) kele. hA sarva bhramaNavRtti 'vasudevahiMDI'ta aMkita karaNyAta AlA Ahe. dakSiNa mahArASTrAta, morapIsAMcA mukuTa caDhavUna, nAcata-gAta bhramaNa karaNArI jI 'vAsudevAM'cI lokaparaMparA oha tyAce dhAgedore jaina itihAsAtIla 'vasudeva' caritrAzI ase acAnaka juLatAta. 'vasudevahiMDI' graMtha mahArASTrI bhASeta asaNe hAhI nivvaLa yogAyoga mAnatA yeta nAhI. aso. mukhya kathAbhAga asA kI ariSTanemi he kRSNAce moThe culatabaMdhU hote. AraMbhApAsUnaca te virakta vRttIce hote. tyAMnA rAjyakArabhArAta ANi saMsArAta guMtaviNyAsAThI kRSNa vAsudevAne tyAMcA vivAha ugrasenAcI kanyA rAjImatI' hicyAzI TharavilA. vivAhAsAThI kanyAgRhI jAta asatAnA tyAMnA, mejavAnIsAThI koMDUna ThevalelyA pazupakSyAMcakolAhala aikU AlA. tyAMcA vairAgyabhAva pUrNa jAgRta jhAlA. tyAMcA dRDhanizcaya baghUna kRSNAne tyAMcyA dIkSecI tayArI kelI. dIkSenaMtara te raivataka (giranAra) parvatAta vihArAsAThI nighUna gele. tyAMcyA vAgdatta vadhUne-rAjImatInehI dIkSA ghetalI. kRSNAne tilAhI zubhecchA dilyA. hA sarva vRttAMta 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' nAvAcyA graMthAta thoDakyAta ANi digaMbara caratapurANa graMthAta vistArAne noMdavalelA disato. 'nAyAdhammakahA' ANi 'aMtagaDadasA' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta mahAbhAratApekSA vegaLeca kRSNacaritra noMdavalele disate. draupadIce apaharaNa, kRSNAce sahAyya, pAMDavAMnA dakSiNeta pAMDumathurA (madurAI) vasaviNyAcI kelelI AjJA, kRSNAce 6 juLe bhAU, uzirA janmalelA 'gajasukumAra', kRSNAcyA AyuSyAcyA aMtima TappyAta dvArakAvinAzAcI kathA, ariSTanemIMce tadviSayaka bhaviSya, kRSNa dvaipAyana munIMcA zApa, kRSNAcyA rANyA, nAtU, paNatU-azA aneka ghasA jainAMcyA kRSNacaritrAta yetAta. prAkRta graMthAta zrIkRSNAcA ullekha satata 'kaNhe vAsudeve rAyA' asA disato. paraMpareta ApalyAlA mukhyata: prauDha kRSNa'ca bheTato. ekhAdA apavAda vagaLatA tyAcyA bAlalIlA, khoDyA, gopa-gopikA, bAsarIvAdana i. ghaTanAMce vistRta varNana ADhaLata nAhI. 'kRSNa vAsudeva' he vyaktimatva tatkAlIna rAjanaitika itihAsAta evaDhe mahattvAce hote kI 63 zalAkApuruSAMcyA prArUpAta 'vAsudeva' he viziSTa padaca gaNalegele. pratyeka tIrthaMkarAMcyA tIrthAtIla vAsudeva-prativAsudeva jaina purANAta sAMgitale Aheta. ___ zUra yoddhA, mutsaddI rAjakAraNI asalelA kRSNa vAsudeva jaina paraMparenusAra 'Izvara, paramAtmA, bhagavAn' i. vizeSapmI saMbodhalelA disata nAhI. paraMtu tyAcA vilakSaNa prabhAva, AMtarika anAsaktI lakSAta ghetA bhAvI kALAta to 'amama' nAvAcA tIrthaMkara banaNAra Ahe-azI bhaviSyavANI vartavalelI disate. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 4 : jaina mahAbhAratAta gItAca nAhI !! mAgIla lekhAta ApaNa pAhileca Ahe kI mahApurANa, harivaMzapurANa, ariSTanemicarita i. je jaina graMtha Aheta tyAMnAca 'jaina mahAbhArata' ase saMbodhaNyAcA praghAta Ahe. 'suprasiddha mahAbhAratIya yuddha jainAMnI varNile Ahe kA ?'-yA praznAce uttara arthAtaca hokArArthI Ahe. guNabhadrAcyA uttarapurANAta (saMskRta) ANi puSpadaMtAcyA mahApurANAta (aprabhA) mahAbhAratIya kaurava-pAMDava yuddhAce varNana kevaLa dona oLIta saMpavale Ahe. svayaMbhUdevAMcyA 'riTThaNemicariu' Urpha harivaMzapurANAta javaLajavaLa 50 saMdhI (adhyAya) yuddhavarNanAsAThI kharcI ghAtale Aheta. kauravAMnI pAMDavAMnA dilelI anyAyAcI ANi apamAnAcI vAgaNUka, tyAMcA rAjyAvarIla hakka amAnya karaNe, kRSNa vAsudevAne ANi saMjayAne saMdhIce (tahAce) kelele prayatna kauravAMnI urmaTapaNe dhuDakAvUna lAvaNe i. sarvavRttAMta svayaMbhUdevAMnI vistArAne varNilA Ahe. gItecyA arjunaviSAdayogAta, arjunAne aina yuddhAraMbhI kaca khANe, hAta-pAya gALaNe, vairAgyAcyA goSTI karaNe ANi dusar2yA adhyAyAta kRSNAne tyAlA prathama kaDaka zabdAta ANi naMtara AtmajJamAcI joDa deUna samajAvaNe-ase sAre cittatharAraka, nATyamaya, AkarSaka prasaMga bharale Aheta. ___ yuddhavarNana vistRtapaNe lihiNAr2yA svayaMbhUdevAMcyA harivaMzapurANAta mI yA nATyaprasaMgAcA utsukatene zodha gheU lAgale. DoLyAta tela ghAlUna vAcale tarI 'arjunaviSAda'hI disenA ANi kRSNAcA upadeza'hI sApaDenA. arere evaDhI moThI upadezAcI saMdhI jaina AcAryAMnI gamAvalI kazI ? svayaMbhUdevAMcyA mate taha moDalA, yuddhAcI jamavAjamava jhAlI, ApApalyA soyInusAra sainikAMnI pakSa nivaDalA, TharAvika divazI yogya muhUrtAvara yuddhAlA prAraMbha jhAlA. aTharA divasa ghanaghora yuddha jhAle. aMtimata: pAMDavAMcA vijaya jhAlA. kRSNAcyA yuktyAprayuktyA pAMDavAMnA vijayAsAThI upayogI paDalyA. bas. svayaMbhUdeva va itarahI jaina AcAryAMnI gItopadezAsa vAvaca ThevalA nAhI. __gItAprakaraNa vagaLaNyAcI saMbhAvya kAraNe puDhIla asU zakatIla - 1) jaina paraMpareta jevhA mahAbhArata pohocale tyA saMskaraNAta bhISmaparvAta gItA nasAvIca. tI naMtara koNItarI ghAtalI asAvI. 2) khUpa kAthyAkUTa hoUna aTaLa TharalelyA mahAsaMgrAmAta arjunAsArakhyA assala kSatriyAne ainaveLI kaca khANe tyAMnA mAnya nasAve. 3) 12 te 16 vyA zatakAta lihilyA gelelyA jaina purANakArAMsamora AjacI gItA asela tara kRSNAne raNAMgaNAvara 700 zlokAMcA kelelA upadeza tyAMnA asaMbhAvya va hAsyAspada vATalA asAvA. tasAhI rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAtalyA asaMbhAvya goSTIMcA kharapUsa samAcAra jaina AcArya haribhadra ANi vimalasUri yAMnI ghetalA Aheca. raNAMgaNAvarIla adbhuta vizvarUpadarzana tara tyAMnA khUpaca khaTakale asAve. 4) kRSNa vAsudevAsArakhyA zalAkApuruSAcyA toMDI anekAMcyA hiMselA kAraNa TharaNAre tU yuddha kara', he vAkya tyaMnA ghAlAvayAce nasAve. 5) ekaMdarItaca gItecI varNAzramapradhAna caukaTa, javaLajavaLa pratyeka adhyAyAta yajJAce sAMgitalele mahattva, kRSNAne prathamapuruSI ekavacanI vAkyAMmadhe arjunAlA dilelI AzvAsane, viSNUne yugAnuyuge avatAra gheUna jagatAcA kelA uddhAra, vegavegaLyA adhyAyAta sAMgitalele vegavegaLe adhyAtmamArga - yAsArakhyA aneka goSTI tyAMnA jaina tattvAcyA caukaTIta na basaNAr2yA vATalyA asAvyAta. vAcakaho, hI yAdI ANakhI kitItarI vADhavatA yeIla. yA sarvAMcA paripAka mhaNaje jaina mahAbhAratAtUna mhaNajeca mukhyatve kRSNacaritAtUna bhagavadgItA yA prakaraNAlA pUrNapaNe TALalele disate. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 5 : vyavahAra ANi nizcayanayAcI gallata yA lekhamAlecyA pahilyA lekhAta mhaTalyApramANe jaina tattvajJAnAcA sakhola abhyAsa asalelyA vidyArthinIMnI "arjunAcA viSAda ANi zrIkRSNAne tyAlA yuddhapravRtta karaNe" yA goSTIMvara khUpa sAdhakabAdhaka carcA kelI. kahIMce mhaNaNe ase kI anAyAseca tyAlA vairAgya Ale hotetara kRSNAne Agraha kA karAvA ? jaina dRSTIne vairAgya, dIkSA yA mArgAne gelyAsa AtmakalyANaca hote. ___ kAhIMnI ase mata vyakta kele kI jaina dRSTIne baghatA suddhA arjunAne yuddha karaNeca yogya hote. jaina dharma kAhI kSatriyAMnI anyAyAcA pratikAra karaNyAsa manAI karIta nAhI. zivAya pAMDavAMce yuddha he atikramaNa' navhate tara 'svaMrakSaNa' hote. 'arjunAce vairAgya kAhI khare navhe he kRSNAne oLakhale hote. 'yadRcchayA copapannaM svargadvAra mapAvRtakiMvA hato vA prApsyasi svargaM jitvA vA bhokSyase mahIm' azAsArakhI phasavI vAkye yojUna kRSNAne arjunAcI parIkSA pAhilI.to tyAlA bhulalA. jaina dRSTIne varIla donhI vAkye ayogya Aheta. 'yuddha mhaNaje svargAce ughaDalele dAraca !' he mhaNaNe khare nAhI kAraNa yuddhAta hiMsA Ahe. tyAcA baMdha Ahe. to karmabaMdha jhAlyAvara karmanirjarA kelyAzivAya svargaprAptI zakya nAhI zivAya 'melAsa tara svarga ANi jiMkalAsa tara pRthvIce rAjya' yA vAkyAta 'parAjita hoNe ANi jivaMta rahANe' azI zakyatA gRhIta dharalelI nAhI. kRSNAne pAMDavAMnA jiMkavaNyAcA paNa karaNyAsArakheca he Ahe. ___dharma, kartavya, rAjyAcI lAlUca i. sarva goSTI tarI ThIka Aheta kAraNa tyA nidAna vyavahAranayAcyA pAtaLIvara sAMgitalelyA Aheta. gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAta dehAcI nazvaratA ANi AtmyAcI amaratA sAMgitalI Ahe. ApApalyA jAgI yA donhI goSTI khar2yA asatIlahI paraMtu tU mArale nAhIsa tarI deha kadhI nA kadhI maraNAraca Ahe' ANi 'tulA ApaNa mAralA ase vATale tarI AtmA amara rAhUna dehAMtarAcI prAptI karaNAraca Ahe'-hI vidhAne ekAne dusar2yAlA mArAyalA udyukta karaNyAcyA vyAvahArika pAtaLIvara ANaNe khUpaca gaira Ahe. 'acchedya, adAhya, azoSya, nitya' i. AtmyAcI vizeSaNe nizcayanayAnusAra kelele varNana Ahe. arjuna eka sAMsArika pAtaLIvara jagaNArA kSatriya Ahe. yuddhahI vyavahArapAtaLIvara cAlale Ahe. AdhyAtmika pAtaLIvara jAUna vyAvahArika nirNaya gheNyAcI gallata gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAta disate. jaina dRSTIne zuddha AtmyAce varNana saMyama, nivRtti va dhyAnAsa upayogI Ahe, yuddhAsa navhe.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 6 : deva - manuSya saMbaMdha ( 1 ) gItecA tisarA adhyAya vAcata asatAnA deva-manuSya saMbaMdhAMvara prakAza TAkaNArA eka zloka ADhaLUna yeto. to zloka (3.11) asA Ahe - devAnbhAvayatAnena te devA bhAvayantu vaH / parasparaM bhAvayantaH zreyaH paramavApsyatha / / arthAt - "tumhI yajJAcyA dvAre devatAMce bhAvana (unnati, prasannatA) karA. te deva (iSTa, priya bhoga tumhAsa deUna) tumace bhAvana karota. azA prakAre paraspara sahakArya karUna doghehI parama kalyANa prApta karUna ghyA. " tisar2yA adhyAyAtIla hA zloka, 'yajJa karaNe kase zreyaskara Ahe', yA pArzvabhUmIvara lihilelA Ahe. deva ANi manuSyAMmadhIla sahakArya bhAvanece digdarzana yAtUna hote. devayonI, svargaloka, svargIya sukhopabhoga, puNyaprakarSAne hoNArI svargalokAcI prAptI yAMce varNana hiMdU (vaiki) ANi jaina prAyaH samAnatene karatAta. ' kSINe puNye martyalokaM vizanti' (gI. 9. 21) ase gItAvacana Ahe. jaina matAnusArahI devayonItIla jIva puNyabhogAnaMtara manuSya kiMvA tiryaMca (kITaka, pazu-pakSI i. ) gatIta janma ghetAta. gItetalA 'martyaloka' sAmAnyata: jainAMcA 'madhyaloka' samajaNyAsa harakata disata nAhI. deva - manuSya saMbaMdha mAtra jaina darzanAta vegaLyA prakAre mAMDalelA disato. pahilI goSTa azI kI deva AdhyAtmika dRSTyA cauthyA guNasthAnAvara asatAta. mhaNajeca AdhyAtmika vikAsAcyA 14 pAyar2yAMpaikI cauthyA pAyarIvara asatAta. te vrata, saMyama i. dhAraNa karUna ApalI AdhyAtmika pragatI karUna gheU zakata nAhIta. mAnava mAtra mithyAtva hyA prathama guNasthAnApAsUna caudAvyA mhaNaje 'ayogikevalI' guNasthAnAparyaMta pragatI karUna gheU zakatAta. manuSyajanmAtUna siddha-buddha-mukta hoU zakatAta. he sAmarthya devAMcyA ThAyI nasate. tyAmuLeca AdhyAtmika dRSTyA pragata manuSyAMnA vaMdana karaNyAsAThI deva svargAtUna bhUtalAvara avataratAta. jainAMcyA suprasiddha 'bhaktAmara' yA saMskRta stotrAta AraMbhIca mhaTale Ahe kI, "bhaktAmara - praNata- mauli-maNiprabhANA mudyotakaM dalita-pApa-tamo-vitAnam / samyak praNamya jinapAdayugaM yugAdAvAlambanaM bhavajale patatAM janAnAm / / " bhavasAgarAta buDaNAr2yA lokAMnA je AdhArApramANe Aheta azA jinavarAMcyA caraNAMnA vaMdana karaNyAsAThI sAkSAt devahI pRthvIvara yetAta, asA Azaya yA zlokAta vyakta kelA Ahe. divya-vipula bhoga, bhogasAdhane, itakeca kAya devagatIcI prAptIhI tulanene sopI Ahe. 'dharmabodhi' kiMvA 'dharmalAbha' mAtra mAnavI yonItaca zakya Ahe, ase jainAta mhaTale Ahe. dazavaikAlika sUtrAtIla prathama gAtheta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maNo.' arthAt - jyAcyA manAta ahiMsA-saMyama - taparUpI dharmAce sadaiva astitva asate azA vyaktIlA devasuddhA vaMdana karatAta. ***********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 7 : deva-manuSya saMbaMdha (2) jaina tattvajJAnAtIla sArabhUta tattve saMkSepAne sAMgaNArA graMtha Ahe 'dravyasaMgraha'. tyAcyA maMgalAcaraNAta mhaTale Ahe kI "jIvamajIvaM davvaM jiNavarasaheNa jeNa NidviDhaM / deviMdaviMdavaMdaM vaMde taM savvadA sirasA / / " (gAthA 1) yA gAthecyA dusar2yA oLIta devAMcyA samUhAkaDUna vaMdana kelyA jANAr2yA jinazreSThIMnA vaMdana kele Ahe. javaLajavaLa pratyeka jaina graMthAcyA AraMbhI hA Azaya vyakta kelA gelA Ahe kI, 'devAMpekSA AdhyAtmika mAnavAMcI zreSThatA adhika Ahe.' uttarAdhyayanAta mhaTale Ahe kI, "deva-dANava-gaMdhavvA, jakkha-rakkhasa-kinnarA / baMbhayAriM namasaMti, dukkaraM je karaMti taM / / " (utta. 16.16) devAMce prakAra-upaprakAra (nikAya), sthiti, vaiziSTye i.ce varNana tattvArthasUtrAcyA cauthyA adhyAyAta vistArAne yete. 'paramAdhAmI deva' narakAtIla jIvAMnA yAtanA deNyAce kAma karatAta. asura, nAga i. 'bhavanapati' deva Aheta. gaMdharva, yakSa, kinnara, rAkSasa, bhUta, pizAca i. 'vyaMtaradeva' Aheta. sUrya, caMdra, graha, nakSatra, tArakA i. 'jyotiSka' deva Aheta. 'vaimAnika' deva sarvazreSTha Aheta. hiMdU purANAMmadhye svargalAkAcI varNane asalI tarI devAMce prakAra, nemake sthAna, kArya va taratamabhAva he suspaSTapaNa noMdavalele disata nAhI. gItecyA akarAvyA adhyAyAta kRSNAne prakaTa kelelyA vizvarUpadarzanAne vismayacakita hoga pahANAr2yA Aditya, vasu, sAdhya, vizvedeva, azvinIkumAra, marudgaNa, pitarAMcA samudAya, gaMdharva, yakSa, rAkSasa va siddhagaNAMcyA samUhAcA ullekha yeto. vizvapuruSAcyA virAT dehAta sarva deva, prANimAtra, brahmadeva, RSI va sarpa nivAsa karatAta, asehI mhaTale Ahe. azAprakAracyA vizvapuruSAcI saMkalpanA jaina zAstrAsa saMmata nAhI. tIrthaMkarAMcyA janma-dIkSA Adi paMcakalyANakaprasaMgI deva pRthvIvara yetAta. paraMtu tyAMce prAsaMgika 'avataraNa' mhaNaje hiMdU purANAMpramANe 'avatAra' navheta. sAdhanA, tapasyA karaNAr2yA mAnavAMnA veLaprasaMgI deva sahAyya karU zakatAta azA prakAracI udAharaNe aneka jaina caritagraMthAMta ANi kathAgraMthAMta ADhaLatAta. devAMce zarIra 'vaikriyaka' asalyAnate vividha rUpehI dhAraNa karU zakatAta. jaina saMkalpanenusAra manuSya mAtra devAMnA sahAyya karU zakata nAhI. tyAMcI AradhanA karUna vividha laukika phaLe miLavU zakato. jaina dRSTIne devAMpekSA ucca AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karaNArA mAnavI jIva ni:saMzayapaNe zreSTha Ahe. zrIkRSNAne dusar2yA adhyAyAta arjunAlA sAMgitale kI, 'tU yuddhAta kartavya bajAvatAnA mRtyU pAvalAsa tara tulA svargaprAptI nizcita Ahe (hato vA prApsyasi svargaM).' jaina dRSTIne mRta yoddhayAlAhI tyAcyA pApa-puNyAcyA hizeasAra puDhIla gatI miLela. 'svargagatIca miLela', azI khAtrI detA yeta nAhI. deva-manuSya saMbaMdhAbAbata jaina va hiMdU paraMparetIla ajUnahI azA prakAracyA matabhinnatA noMdavitA yetIla. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 8 : iMdriya-mana-buddhi- AtmA : uttarottara zreSThatA vAcakaho, kAlacyA lekhAta ApaNa manuSya ANi deva yAMcyA paraspara saMbaMdhAMviSayI vicAra kelA. manuSya ANi devaca navhe tara jagatAtIla pratyeka jIva taratamatenusAra iMdriye, mana, buddhi ANi AtmA yAMnI sahitaca asato. gItecyA tisar2yA adhyAyAtIla becALisAvyA zlokAta mhaTale Ahe kI, "iMdriyAMnA saMyamita karUna kAmarUpI zatrUlA mAraNe zakya nAhI ase tU mhaNU nakosa, kAraNa iMdriyAMcyA viSayAMpekSA iMdriye para (sUkSma, zreSTha, balavAna) Aheta. iMdriyaMpekSA zreSTha mana Ahe. manAcyAhI palIkaDe zreSTha azI buddhI Ahe. buddhIhUna kitItarI sAmarthyavAna asA AtmA Ahe." sarvazreSTha, sAmarthyasaMpanna AtmyAcyA sahAyyAne, iMdriyAMnA ApalyA tAbyAta ThevUna, bhogecchA niyaMtrita karaNyAcA hitakara sallA gItecyA yA zlokAta dilA Ahe. jaina darzanAne suddhA sAdhakAMnA hAca sallA dilA Ahe. mana-vacana-kAyecA saMyama hA jaina darzanAcA (AcArazAstrAcA ) gAbhA Ahe. AtmyAcA bAhya jagAzI saMparka yeto to iMdriyAMcyAca mAdhyamAtUna. iMdriyAMcI saMkhyA, tyAMce 'nirmita' ANi 'upakaraNa' he dona bheda, bhAveMdriyAce 'labdhi' ANi 'upayoga' rUpa asaNe, sparzana - rasana-prANa - cakSu zrotra hI iMdriye, tyAMce viSaya, uttarottara pragata jIvAMmadhye kramAne ADhaLaNArI iMdriye yAMcA vistRta vicAra 'tattvArthasUtra' yA sUtrarUpa dArzanika graMthAta, dusar2yA adhyAyAta namUda karUna ThevalA Ahe. jainazAstrAnusAra 'mana' hehI jJAnAce sAdhana Ahe. te AMtarika Ahe. mhaNUna tara tyAlA 'aMta:karaNa' mhaNatAta. mUrta ANi amUrta ase donhI viSaya manAce pravRttikSetra Ahe. 'rUpa' Adi viSayAMmadhye pravRtta hoNyAsAThI te cakSuAdi iMdriyAMvara avalaMbUna Ahe. mhaNUna tara tyAlA 'no-iMdriya' kiMvA 'aniMdriya' mhaNatAta. manAlA AdhArabhUta dharUna samagra saMsArI jIvAMce vargIkaraNa 'samanaska' - 'amanaska' azA dona gaTAta kele Ahe. iMdriyAMpekSA manAce asalele sUkSmatva, zreSThatva va sAmarthya jainazAstrAne prabhAvIpaNe adhorekhita kele Ahe. 'buddhi' ase svataMtra tattva jainazAstrAta nAhI. AtmyAcyA 'jJAnaguNA'ta tyAcA aMtarbhAva karatA yeto. AtmyAce (jIvAce) lakSaNa 'upayoga', mhaNajeca 'cetanA'. to dona prakAracA Ahe. tyApaikI jJAnopayoga mhaNaje svata:cyA svataM astitvAce bhAna athavA jANIva. sAMkhyazAstra ANi gItA anyatra yAsa 'ahaMkAra' mhaNate. 'darzanopayoga' mhaNaje AjubAjUcyA vastUMce bhAna athavA jANIva. yA dona 'upayogAM'ce varNana anya prakArehI karatA yete. jainazAstrAnusAra AtmA jJAnamaya, jJAnasvarUpa Ahe. jJAnAvaraNIya karmAcA jevaDhA udghAta asela tevaDhe jJAna tyA tyA jIvAta prakaTa hote. tyAlAca vyavahArAta 'buddhI' mhaNatAta. tI cAra prakAracI asate. AtmA kevaLa jJAnasvarUpaca nAhI tara jJAna-darzana-vIrya-saukhya yA anaMtacatuSTayAne yukta Ahe. 'yo buddheH paratastu saH' he gItAvacana jainazAstrAsAra adhikaca arthapUrNa Ahe. sArAMza kAya ? iMdriya va mana:saMyamAsAThI sarvazreSTha AtmasAmarthyAcA vApara karAvA lAgato. gItA va jainadarzana dohoMnAhI heca mhaNAyace Ahe. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 9 : svadharma - paradharma 'svadharma-paradharma' he zabda vAcale kI gItApremIMnA ANi abhyAsakAMnA gItecyA tisar2yA adhyAyAtIla puDhIla zlokAcI AThavaNa AlyAzivAya rahANAra nAhI. "zreyAnsvadharmo viguNaH paradharmAtsvanuSThitAt / svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmo bhayAvahaH / / " (gI. 3.35 ) dusar2yA adhyAyAta AtmyAce svarUpa vistArAne sAMgitalyAnaMtara kRSNa acAnaka vyAvahArika pAtaLIvarUna yuddhAcI AvazyakatA paTavUna deU lAgato. tyAveLIhI to mhaNato, "svadharmamapi cAvekSya na vikampitumarhasi / " hA va yAcyA puDhIla zlokAtahI 'dharmya saMgrAma karaNe kSatriyAce kartavya Ahe' asA ekaMdara abhiprAya disato. tyAcAca artha asA kI 'dharma' zabdAce artha ANi vyAkhyA aneka asalyA tarI, 'varNAzramAcyA caukaTIne AkhUna dilele kartavyakarma' - asAca artha yethe abhipreta Ahe. sAmAjika itihAsa sAmAnyata: ase sAMgato kI gItecyA aMtima saMskaraNAcyA veLeparyaMta 'guNAdhAra' varNAzramadharma jAtivyavastheta rUpAMtarita jhAlA hotA. jAtyAdhAra uccanIcatAhI praviSTa jhAlI hotI. 'ApalyA vyavasAyAlA pratiSThA nAhI' azI khaMta bALagaNAr2yAMsAThI 'viguNaH' (guNarahita, kamI pratIcA) zabda ghAtalelA disato. samAjAcI ghaDI bighaDU naye mhaNUna 'svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH' hA caraNa ghAtalelA disato. arjuna hA varNAne 'kSatriya' va AzramAne 'gRhastha' Ahe. tyAmuLe arjunAne yuddha keleca pAhije. arjunAcA 'prajJAvAda' (gI.2.11) ANi viraktI tyAcyA varNAzramAsa zobhaNArI nAhI. tyAmuLe tI viraktI 'paradharma' Ahe. 'paradharma' tara bhayAvaha Ahe. jaina dRSTikoNAtUna yAcA anvayArtha kasA lAvatA yeIla ? 'svadharma kalyANakara (zreyaskara) Ahe'-hI saMkalpanA yogyaca Ahe. 'vatthusahAvo dhammo' (dharma mhaNaje vastUcA / vyaktIcA mULa svabhAva) hA artha ghetalA tara he vidhAna khUpaca juLate. kSamA, mArdava, Arjava ityAdI 'dazavidha dharma' asA artha ghetalA tarI tyAce zreyaskaratva paTate. 'mahAvrata - guptisamitirUpa AcAradharma' hAhI artha ThIka basato. paraMtu jaina paraMparA kadApIhI 'svadharmA'lA 'viguNa' (guNarahita, kamI pratIcA) mhaNaNe zakya nAhI. jaina dharmAta tattvata: uccanIcatelA sthAna nasalyAne, sarvAMnI ekAca prakArace (arthAt sAdhUne sAdhUce ; zrAvakAne zrAvakAce) dharmAcaraNa karAvayAce Ahe. tyAMcyA dRSTIne jaina dharmAta 'vaiguNya' ase kAhIca nAhI. sArAMza kAya tara 'viguNaH' zabda vagaLatA jaina dRSTInehI hA zloka ekaMdarIta mAnya hoNyAsArakhA Ahe. mAtra 'svadharma' mhaNaje kadApIhI varNAzramAcyA caukaTItale kartavya navhe. 'svadharmA'cA ANakhI eka rUDha artha jaina zAstrAta Ahe. to mhaNaje 'Atmadharma'. caitanyamaya, jJAnasvarUpa AtmyAvara tadbhinna azA jaDa pudgalAMcyA saMparkAmuLe kelele vegaLyAca guNadharmAMce AropaNa mhaNaje 'paradharma'. svaparavivekAsa jaina paraMparene sarvAdhika mahattva dile. "jaina-bauddha va itara tatkAlIna saMpradAyAMkaDe hoU lAgalelA samAjAcA kala lakSAta gheUna tara hA zloka naMtara samAviSTa kelA nasela nA ?" - azI zaMkAhI manAta DokAvalyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 10 : 'sarva dharmAMcA parityAga karUna malA ekaTyAsa zaraNa ye' vAcakaho, kAlacyA lekhAta ApaNa 'svadharma' - 'paradharma' yAMcA vicAra kelA. yA dharmacarcemuLe acAnaka gItecyA aTharAvyA adhyAyAtIla 66 vA zloka najaresamora AlA. manAta Ale kI 'svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH' mhaNaNArA kRSNa koNatyA abhiprAyAne mhaNato Ahe kI, 'sarva dharmAMcA parityAga karUna malA ekaTyAsa zaraNa ye. mI tujhI sarva pApakarmAMpAsUna suTakA karIna. du:kha, zoka karU nakosa.' ___ AtA varIla zlokAta 'dharma' zabdAcA artha koNatA ghyAyacA ? 'svabhAvadharma' hA artha ghetA yeta nAhI. kAraNa to kasA soDaNAra ? 'varNAzramavihita kartavya' asAhI ghetA yeta nAhI. kAraNa jJAnI, anAsakta sAdhakAlAhI kartavyakarma zevaTaparyaMta lokasaMgrahArtha' karaNyAcA sallA gIteta itaratra dilA Ahe. gIteta veLoveLI jJAnamArga (sAMkhyaniSThA saMsamArga), yogamArga, karmamArga (niSkAma karmayoga) ANi bhaktimArga azA vividha mArgAMce vivecana kelele Ahe. adhyAyAMcya nAvAMvarUna suddhA yAcA bodha hoto. 'mAmekaM zaraNaM vraja' yA padAvalIne spaSTata: bhaktimArga nirdiSTa kelA Ahe mhaNajeca yA zlokAtIla sarva dharma' yA zabdAcA artha bhaktimArgAkherIja itara sarva mArga'-asAca ghyAvA lAgato. zlokAcyA dusar2yA caraNAta kRSNAne arjunAlA pApamuktIcI gvAhI dilI Ahe. jaina dRSTIne yA zlokAtIla kuThalAca muddA TikAva dharU zakata nAhI. mokSaprAptIce vividha paryAyI mArga upalabdha nAhIta. darzana-jJAna-cAritrAcI samanvita ArAdhanA hA ekameva mArga Ahe. 'saguNa' agara 'nirguNa' azA koNatyAca svarUpAta 'Izvara' agara 'paramezvara' mAnalelA nAhI. siddha, tIrthaMkara, jina, kevalI, gurU i. koNIhI malA zaraNa ye' ase mhaNaNAra nAhIta. kevalIprajJata dharmA'lA sarvAdhika prAdhAnya Ahe, vyaktIlA navhe. kevaLa 'pApakarmAMpAsUna muktI' he jaina zAstrAce dhyeya nAhI. pApa aso kI puNya, donhI prakAracyA karmabaMdhanAmU suTaNe Avazyaka Ahe. hI suTakA vara namUda kelele dharmanAyaka suddhA karU zakata nAhIta. tyAsAThI 'tapasye'cI garaja Ahe. 'IzvarazaraNavAdA'pekSA 'sva-prayatnAM'vara bhara Ahe. jaina dRSTIne jara kazAcA parityAgaca karAyacA asela tara to bAhya va aMtaraMga parigrahAMcA va paryAyAne AsaktIcA karAyacA Ahe. bha. mahAvIra AcArAMgAta sAMgatAta-'yA tyAgamArgAvara yeNyApUrvI vicAra kara. mArgAcI khaDataratA jANUna ghe. vicArAMtI pAUla TAkale tara zoka, khedAce kAraNaca rahANAra nAhI.' ___ jara yA zlokAtIla kuThalAca muddA jaina dRSTIne tAttvika pAtaLIvara TikAva dharU zakata nasela tara jaina dharmAta itakI bhaktipradhAna stotre kazI kAya AlI ? beDA pAra karo' kiMvA 'jIvananaiyA tAro' he sarva arthavAdaca samajAyace kA ? evaDhe nakkI Ahe kI tIrthaMkara ityAdI sarva AdhyAtmika puruSa triratnAcyA ArAdhanece kevaLa preraka va mArgadarzaka Aheta. kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA ityAdI dharma ApalyA dainaMdina AcaraNAta pratibiMbita jhAle nAhIta tara phakta bhajanapUjanAne kAhI sAdhaNAra nAhI.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 11 : gItetIla vedaviSayaka vicAra (1) 'gItelA vaidika paraMparetalA graMtha mhaNAyace, kI brAhmaNa paraMparetalA, kI hiMdU paraMparetalA ?' asA prazna gItecyA abhyAsakAMkaDUna vAraMvAra carcilA jAto. paikI 'hiMdU' yA saMkalpanebAbata ekamata nAhI. zabdAcAca AdhAra ghyAyacAtara 'brAhmaNa' zabda gIteta khUpaca kamI veLA AlA Ahe. paraMtu brAhmaNavAGmayAcA kALa yajJapradhAnatecA hotA. ANi gItecyA javaLajavaLa pratyeka adhyAyAta yajJAsaMbaMdhI kAhI nA kAhI vicAra disato. yA arthAne gItelA brAhmaNaparaMparetalA graMthahI mhaNatA yeIla. gItelA vaidika paraMparetalA graMtha mhaNaNyAsahI kAhI pratyavAya disata nAhI kAraNa gItecyA aTha adhyAyAMpaikI javaLajavaLa nimmyA adhyAyAMmadhye vedAMsaMbaMdhIce ullekha yetAta. paraMparenusAra gItelA 'upaniSadAMce sAra' mhaNaNyAcA praghAta Ahe. bhAratIyAMcyA vaicArika itihAsAta upaniSadAMcA kALa vicAramaMthanAcA, ciMtanAcA, AtmaparIkSaNAcA kALa hotA. tyAmuLe arthAtaca gItenehI vedAMkaDe AdaraNIya dRSTIne ANi AtmaparIkSaNAtmaka dRSTIne pAhilele disate. AjacyA lekhAta gItecA vedAMkaDe pAhaNyAcA dRSTikoNa jANUna gheU. puDhacyA dona lekhAta kAhI jaina graMthAMcyA AdhAre jaina paraMperacyA tadviSayaka matAMcA ADhAvA gheU. gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAta vedaviSayaka ullekha sarvAta jAsta yetAta. vedAMcyA arthAviSayI vividha vAdAta ramamANa asalelyA lokAMviSayI gItA mhaNate, "yAmimAM puSpitAM vAcaM pravadantyavipazcitaH / vedavAdaratA: pArtha nAnyadastIti vAdinaH / / " (gI. 2.42) arthAt, vedavAdarata asalele avivekI loka phulor2yAcI, AkarSaka pralobhanAMcI bhASA bolatAta. vedAMzivAya dUsare kAhI adhika zreyaskara nAhI ase mhaNatAta. puDhe asehI mhaTale Ahe kI tyA prArthanAMdvAre te dhanadhAnyaputrapautrAdI aihika kAmanA ANi svargasukhAMsArakhyA pAralaukika kAmanAMcyA pUrtIcI icchA karatAta. te yajJayAgAdi kriyAkAMDAvara bhara detAta. pariNAmI janmarUpa karmaphala deNAr2yA bhoga, aizvaryAkaDe Asakta hotAta. aihika bharabharATIcyA vicArAta tyAMce mana guMtUna na paDaNyAcA tyAMcA mAnasika nirdhAra hoU zakata nAhI. dhyAna agara samAdhIta tyAMce mana ekAgra hoU zakata nAhI. gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAta pratibiMbita jhAlelI vedAMkaDe pAhaNyAcI dRSTI atizaya vastuniSTha, parakhaDa Ahe. kRSNa arjunAlA sAMgato, " traiguNyaviSayA vedA nistraiguNyo bhavArjuna / nirdvadvo nityasattvastho niryogakSema AtmavAn // " (gI. 2.45) yAcA anuvAda lo.TiLaka azA prakAre karatAta-"he arjunA ! (karmakAMDAtmaka) veda azAritIne traiguNyAcyA (sattva-raja-tama yAMnI banalelyA sAMsArika) goSTIMnI bharalele asalyAmuLe tU triguNAtIta ho. nityasattvastha, sukhadu:khada dvaMdvAMpAsUna alipta, yogakSemAdi svArthAta na gaDhatA AtmaniSTha ho." "traiguNyaviSaya' yA zabdAcA artha 'dharma-artha-kama he tIna vyAvahArika puruSArtha' azA prakArehI kAhI abhyAsaka karatAta. yAcyA puDhe AlelA zloka tara vAcakAlA cakitaca karato. tyAcA Azaya asA Ahe - "AtmavidyecA AsvAda ghetalelyAsa vedAMce kAya prayojana ? pANyAne tuDuMba bharalelyA sarovarAta avagAhana karaNAr2yAsa choTyA taLAcI mAtabbarI tI kAya asaNAra ?" 53 vyA zlokAcyA anuvAdAta lo. TiLaka mhaNatAta, "nAnA prakAracyA vedavAkyAMnI gAMgarUna gelelI tujhI buddhI sthira jhAlyAvaraca tulA samatvayoga prApta hoIla." vAcakaho, gItecyA puDhIla adhyAyAtIla vedavicAra udyAcyA lekhAta pAhU. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 12 : gItetIla vedaviSayaka vicAra (2) gItene vedAMsaMbaMdhI kADhalele udgAra prAmukhyAne ATha-naU-dahA-akarA-terA-paMdharA ANi satarAvyA adhyAyAta vikhuralele disatAta. AThavyA adhyAyAta 'vedavid' lokAMbarobaracA 'vItarAga yatIM'cA ullekha mahattvAcA Ahe. tetheca veda, yajJa, tapa, dAna yAMnI miLaNAre puNyaphala olAMDUna jANAr2yA yogyAMcA nirdeza Ahe. navavyA adhyAyAta Rgveda, sAmaveda va yajurveda yAMcI nAve yetAta. navavyA adhyAyAtIla 20-21 he zloka yA dRSTIne phAraca mahattvAce Aheta. lo. TiLakAMnI tyAcA kelelA anuvAda asA Ahe- "Rk-yaju-sAma yA tIna vedAtIla karme karaNAre somarasaprAzI (mhaNaje somayAjI) loka yajJAne svargaprAptIcI icchA karatAta. iMdralokAtIla divya bhoga bhogatAta. puNyakSayAnaMtara puna: mRtyulokI yetAta. azA prakAre 'mRtyuloka-svargaloka' azA yerajhAr2yA te ghAlata rahAtAta.. "" - dahAvyA vibhUtiyoga adhyAyAta 'sAmaveda' ANi 'gAyatrI chaMdA'cA gauravapUrNa ullekha Ahe. 'veda, yajJa, adhyayana ANi ugra tapAne 'vizvarUpadarzana' hoNe zakya nAhI' ase akarAvyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe. kSetra (zarIra) ANi kSetrajJa (AtmA) yAMcA vicAra vedAMcyA kAhI bhAgAta AlyAce terAvyA adhyAyAta namUda kele Ahe. 'kSara (nAzavAn) ANi akSara (avinAzI) yAMcyA palIkaDe 'puruSottama' asUna to lokAta va vedAtahI prasiddha Ahe' - ase 15 vyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe. 17 vyA adhyAyAta 'OM, tat, sat' yAMcA artha anukrame 'veda, brAhmaNa ANi yajJa' asA gheNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. 18 vyA adhyAyAta veda, zruti agara chaMda yAMcA sAkSAt ullekha nAhI. gItetalyA sarva ullekhAMcI chAnanI kelI tara ase disUna yete kI, navavyA adhyAyAparyaMta gItecA vedAMkaDe baghaNyAcA dRSTikoNa AtmaparIkSaNAtmaka disato. dahAvyA adhyAyApAsUna vedAMviSayIcI pUjyatA va AdaraNIyatA gIteta pratibiMbita jhAlelI disate. gItecyA pAraMpArika bhASyakArAMnI 'vedAMcA karmakAMDAtmaka bhAga' ANi 'vedAtIla AtmavidyApradhAna jJAnakAMDAsaka bhAga' azI vibhAgaNI kelelI disate. upaniSadAMmadhye pratibiMbita jhAlelyA AtmavidyelA, adhyAtmavidyelA aga brahmavidyelA te 'vedAMta'' agara jJAnakAMDAtmaka bhAga mAnatAta. vedAMcyA punarvicArAcI prakriyA upaniSadAMmadheca surU jhAlelI disate. tyAmuLe arthAtaca 'upaniSadAMce sAra' asalelyA gItetahI he vicAra Alele disatAta. AtmaparIkSaNAlA udyukta karaNAr2yA ghaTakAMcA vicAra karU lAgalo tara te ghaTaka dona prakAre sAMgatA yetIla. 'svata:cyA ciMtanAne svata:ta kALAnurUpa badala ghaDavUna ANaNe'- he vaidika paraMparece vaiziSTya Ahe ase abhyAsaka mAnatAta. paraMtu tyAcabarobara jaina ANi bauddha vicAravaMtAMnI veLoveLI prakaTa kelelyA veda, yajJa ANi varNAzramavyavastheviSayIcyA matAMcAhI yA AtmaparIkSaNAta moThA vATA asalA pAhije. puDhIla lekhAta yAsaMbaMdhI asalelyA jaina vicArAMcA mAgovA gheU. ***********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 13 : vedaviSayaka jaina ullekha (1) jainAMcI ANi bauddhAMcI itara dharmasaMpradAyAMvara TIkATippaNI karaNyAcI paddhata vegavegaLI Ahe. bauddhAMcI TIkA barIca parakhaDa, rokhaThoka ANi prasaMgI upahAsAtmaka Ahe. anekadA ase gRhIta dharale jAte kI je je bauddhAMnI kele, te te sarva jainAMnIhI kele. paraMtu ase mhaNaNe mhaNaje satyAcA apalApa Ahe. veda, yajJAtIla pazuhatyA ANi varNAzramavyavas yAsaMbaMdhIcI mate prAcIna jaina graMthAta jarUra noMdavalelI disatAta. paraMtu tI karkaza, kaThora nasUna atizaya saMyamitapaNe vyakta kelelI Aheta. aSTapAhuDa graMthAtIla zIlapAhuDAta 'zIla' arthAt 'cAritrA'cA mahimA sAMgatAnA kuMdakuMda mhaNatAta, "vAyaraNa chaMdavaisesiyavavahAraNAyasatthesu / vedeUNa sudesu ya tesu suyaM uttamaM zIlaM / / " ( zIlapAhuDa 16) arthAt, "veda (zruta), vyAkaraNa, chaMda, vaizeSika, vyavahAra ANi nyAyazAstra yAtIla pAraMgatatepekSA 'utkRSTa zIla' heca sarvottama hoya. " ardhamAgadhI graMthAMpaikI 'naMdIsUtra' hA graMtha jaina vaidika paraMparAMcyA AdAnapradAnAMcyA itihAsAcyA dRSTIne mahattvatyA mAnalA jAto. yAcI racanA isavIsanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAta jhAlI. tyAveLeparyaMta jaina vicArakSetrAta 'ku- zruta', 'mithyAtve agara 'pAkhaMDaviSayaka' kalpanA dRDha hoU lAgalyA hotyA. tyA dRSTIne naMdIsUtrAta 'koNakoNatyA graMthAMnA pAkhaMDa mhaTale Ahe'-te naMdIsUtrAcyA AdhAre spaSTa karaNyAcA prayAsa kelA jAto. naMdIsUtrAnusAra, "se kiM taM micchAsuyaM ? micchAsuyaM jaM imaM aNNANiehiM micchAdiTThiehiM sacchaMdabuddhimaivigappiyaM, taM jahAbhArahaM, rAmAyaNaM--vaisesiyaM, buddhavayaNaM --- purANaM --- cattAri ya veyA saMgovaMgA / " arthAt, yAmadhye ajJAnI mithyAdRSTI vyaktIMnI svacchaMdapaNe ApalyA kalpanAzaktItUna nirmANa kelelyA bhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi aneka graMthAMcA ullekha Ahe. yA yAdIta akherIsa aMga, upAMgasahita cArahI vedAMcI suddhA 'mithyA zruta' mhaNUna saMbhAvanA kelI Ahe. varavara pAhatA ase vATate kI he mata atizaya parakhaDa va sAMpradAyika Ahe. paraMtu naMdIsUtrAtIla yApuDhIla vAkya vAcalyAsa cAMgalAca bhramanirAsa hoto. naMdIsUtrAta puDhe azI pustI joDalI Ahe kI, 'mithyAtvIMnI mithyAdRSTInagrahaNa kele tara he graMtha mithyAzruta Aheta paraMtu teca samyaktvI vyaktIMnI samyak dRSTI ThevUna vAcale tara samyak zruta Aheta.' jaina paraMpareta 'dRSTivAdA'ce mahattva khUpa Ahe. "samora asalele graMtha koNatI dRSTI ThevUna vAcAyace, tyAtUna koNatA bodha ghyAyacA, he vyaktisApekSa Ahe" - azI jaina vicAravaMtAMcI dhAraNA Ahe. mhaNUnaca tyAMcyA vedaviSayaka matAtahI anekAMtadRSTI disUna yete. veda, yajJa ANi varNAzramavyavasthA yAMcyAvara bhASya karaNAre eka utkRSTa saMvAdAtmaka adhyayana 'uttarAdhyayana' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta yete. tyAcA Azaya udyAcyA lekhAta pAhU. ****************

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 14 : vedaviSayaka jaina ullekha (2) 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla 14 ve adhyayana mhaNaje veda, yajJa ANi varNAzramavyavasthevara saMvAdAtUna ulagaData jANAre utkRSTa bhASyaca Ahe. vaidika paraMparecA pAIka asalelA 'purohita' ANi nigraMtha (jaina) paraMpase dIkSA gheU icchiNAre tyAce dona putra-yAMcyAta ghaDalelA hA saMvAda Ahe. ____ purohita mhaNato, 'putrAMno, vedAMce jJAte ase mhaNatAta kI niputrikAMnA cAMgalI gatI miLata nAhI. mhaNUna tumhI vedAMce adhyayana karA, brAhmaNa bhojana ghAlA, vivAha karA, striyAMsaha viSayopabhoga ghyA, putrotpattI karA, putrAMvaragharacI jabAbadArI sopavUna araNyavAsI vhA ANi akhera munidharmA ?aa svIkAra karA.' ___uttarAdhyayanAtIla yA dona gAthA khUpaca bolakyA Aheta. tyAta brahmacaryAzrama, gRhasthAzrama, vAnaprasthAzrama ANi saMnyAsAzrama yA sarvAMcA nirdeza Ahe.brAhmaNavarNAcyA kartavyAMcehI sUcana Ahe. purohitAce donhI putra atizaya saMyamapUrvaka, phakta ekAca gAtheta, yA sarva mudyAMnA ThAmapaNe uttara detAta. te mhaNatAta, 'paThaNa kele veda AmhAlA tAraka TharaNAra nAhIta. yajJaprasaMgI brAhmaNAMnA bhojana ghAtale tara te AmhAlA aMdhArAtUna adhika aMdhArAkaDeca netIla. patnI ANi putra he dekhIla Amace rakSaka (trAte) hoU zakata nAhIta. tevhA ApalyA yA prastAvAlA koNa bare anumatI deIla ?' azA ThAma nakArAnaMtara purohitaputra pityAlA jIvanAsaMbaMdhIcI aneka tathye ulagaDUna dAkhavatAta. paraMtu tyAta TikATippaNI nasUna jaina dharmAcI AcAra-vicArasaraNI vistArAne samajAvUna sAMgitalI Ahe. zevaTI, mulAMcyA parikva vicArAMnI bhArAvUna gelelA purohita akherIsa svata: mulAMcyA mArgAce anusaraNa karato, ase adhyayanAta dAkhavale oha 'yajJIya' nAvAcyA 25 vyA adhyayanAta 'jayaghoSa muni' ANi 'vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa' yAMcyAmadhIla saMvAda aMkita kelA Ahe. vizeSa goSTa azI kI hA saMvAda yajJamaMDapAta ghaDalA Ahe. jayaghoSa spaSTapaNe sAMgatAta, "yajJAprItyartha pazuvadha karaNyAsAThI, pazuMnA bAMdhUna ThevaNyAcA upadeza karaNAre veda, tyA duHzIla vyaktIlA tArU zakata nAhIta. karaNa karme balavAn asatAta. (mhaNaje duSTa karmAMce duSTa phaLa bhogAveca lAgate.)" tyAnaMtara jayaghoSa muni zramaNa, brAhmaNa, muni ANi tApasa yA cAra zabdAMce khare artha ulagaDUna dAkhavatAta. ___puNya mhaNaje kAya ?, te kazAne miLate ?, puNyaprakarSAne jAstIta jAsta koNate phaLa miLate ; taseca 'mokSa' mhaNaje kAya ANi to kazAne prApta hoto yAce spaSTa digdarzana aneka jaina graMthAta ADhaLate. vizeSata: kuMdakuMdAMcyA siddhAMtapradhAna graMthAMtUna yAcI carcA vistArAne ADhaLate. vrata, pUjA, dAna ityAdI mukhyata: karmakAMDAtmaka Aheta. tyAmuLe tyAMce jAstIta jAsta phala puNyAca Ahe. (pUyAdisu vayasahiyaM puNNaM hi jiNehiM sAsaNe bhaNiyaM - bhAvapAhuDa 83) __ vAcakaho, brAhmaNa ANi zramaNa yA dona paraMparAMmadhye koNatyA prakArace vaicArika AdAnapradAna cAlU hote, te jaina graMthAtUna azA prakAre spaSTa hote. azA prakAracyA vicArAcI eka pratikriyA mhaNUna gItemadhye vedAMcA punarvicara kelA gelA asela'- hI zakyatA koNatyAhI subuddha vyaktIlA mAnya karAvI lAgela !! **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 15 : siddhAnAM kapilo muniH kapila munIMcA ullekha gItecyA dahAvyA 'vibhUtiyoga' adhyAyAta azA prakAre yeto - "azvatthaH sarvavRkSANAM devarSINAM ca nAradaH / gaMdharvANAM citrarathaH siddhAnAM kapilo muniH / / " (gI.10.26) arthAt, sarva vRkSAMmadhye piMpaLa, devarSAMmadhye nArada, gaMdharvAMmadhye citraratha ANi siddhAMmadhye kapilamuni vibhUtisaMpanna Aheta. ___ azvatthAlA pUjanIya mAnaNe, devarSIcyA paraMpareta nAradAce vizeSa sthAna asaNe ANi gaMdharvAMmadhye 'citraratha' nAvAcA gaMdharva uThUna disaNe-yA tIna saMkalpanA hiMdU vicAradhAreta, mAnyatA pAvalelyA disatAta. 'siddhAnAM kapilo mama:' hA ullekha vAcUna mAtra jaina paraMparecA abhyAsaka cakita hoto. 'siddha-buddha-mukta' hI zabdAvalI jaina paraMpareta atizaya prAcIna ANi ruLalelI Ahe. abhyAsakAMcyA mate 'muN'-jANaNe yA prAkRta (dezI) kriyApadApAsUna 'moNa' mhaNaje 'jJAna' hA zabda banalA. tyA (Atma)jJAnAne jo saMpanna to 'muNI' hoya. yA arthAne 'muNI' zabda AcArAMga' graMthAcyA prAcIna bhAgAta akSaraza: zekaDo veLA AlA Ahe. jase-se hu muNI pariNNAyakamme ; eyaM moNaM samaNuvAsejjAsi : pI moNaM samAdAya dhuNe kammasarIragaM ; se hu diTThapahe muNI ityAdi ityAdi. 'muni' zabdAcA zramaNaparaMparezI asalelA asTU saMbaMdha koNatAhI ni:pakSapAtI abhyAsaka nAkArU zakata nAhI. kapilamuni sAMkhyadarzanAce pravartaka Aheta. prAcIna sAMkhyAMce tattvajJAna jainadarzanAzI juLaNAre hote. mahAbhAratAtIla zAMtiparvAta mhaTale Ahe kI kapilAcA ziSya AsurI hotA. tyAcA ziSya paMcazikha hotA. tyAne janakAsa upadeza dilA. kapila munIMviSayI adhika mAhitI hiMdU paraMpareta miLU zakata nAhI. jaina paraMparenusAra, janakAcyA piDhIta puDhe 'nami' nAvAce tIrthaMkara jhAle. te ekavisAve tIrthaMkara hote. tyAMnA 'rAjarSi' saMbodhale jAI. te videhAtIla 'mithilA' nagarIce rAje hote. janakAcA mhaNaje rAmAyaNAcA kALa hA visAve tIrthaMkara 'munisuvrata' yAMcyAzI nigaDita Ahe. yAcAca artha asA kI janakAcyA guruparaMparetIla pUrvaja gurU kapitsuni' rAmAyaNAcyA AdhI hoUna gele. uttarAdhyayanAcyA AThavyA adhyayanAta kapilamunIMnI kelelA upadeza saMgrahIta kelA Ahe. yA adhyayanAcyA vyAkhyAkArAne kapilamunIMcyA AyuSyAtIla eka mahattvapUrNa prasaMga tethe noMdavalA Ahe. dona mAse sonyApAsUna, koDo suvarNamudrAMparyaMta tyAMcyA lobhI manAcA pravAsa kasA jhAlA ANi svata:cyAca lobhIpaNAvara ciMtana karIta te virakta kase jhAle-he sarva tyA katheta noMdavale Ahe. kapilAMcA upadeza mukhyata: nirlobhatA va aparigrahAvara AdhArita Ahe. nirAsakta, nirlobhI azA videhI rAjarSIcyA paraMparetIla pUrvajAMnA kapilAMpAsUna upadeza miLAlA asaNe atyaMta svAbhAvika vATate. 'siddha' ANi 'muni' zabdAne gItene tyAMcA kelelA gaurava lakSaNIya vATalA mhaNUna hA lekhanaprapaMca ! **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 16 : tejasvitecI dakhala kapila munIMcA ullekha asalelyA gItecyA dahAvyA adhyAyAce nAva Ahe 'vibhUtiyoga'. hA adhyAya lokapriya Ahe, AkarSaka Ahe. gItApremIMnA to kaMThasthahI asato. jagAtIla tejasvitecI dakhala ghetAnA gIteta kRSNa arjunalA mhaNato, "yadyadvibhUtimatsattvaM zrImadUrjitameva vA / tattadevAvagaccha tvaM mama tejo'zasaMbhavam // " (gI.10.41) arthAt, 'je je kAhI vibhUtiyukta, kAMtimAn, zaktiyukta Ahe, te sarva mAjhyA tejAcyA aMzApAsUna banale Ahe, he tU jANa.' __ jaina dRSTIne jagatAta anaMta jIva asUna te anAdikALApAsUnaca svataMtra Aheta. te tyAMcyA tyAMcyA karmAMnA anusarUna saMsArAta bhramaNa karIta Aheta. tejasvitecA sAThA asalelyA paramAtmyAce te ThiNagyAMpramANe aMza nAhIta. 'paramAtmyApAsUna utpanna ANi paramAtmyAta vilIna' hI saMkalpanA jaina vicArAMcyA caukaTIta basata nAhI. manuSyayonItila koNatAhI sAdhaka jIva AdhyAtmika unnatI karIta karIta svata:ca 'paramAtmA' hoto. ase mukta paramAtme siddharUpAne siddhazilevara satata vidyamAna asatAta. tyAMcyApAsUna tejAMzanirmitI i. saMbhavata nAhI. _ 'paramAtmyAce aMza mhaNUna navhe, paNa jagAta astitvAta asalelyA tejasvitecI dakhala jaina paraMparene ghetalI Ahe. 'sUtrakRtAMga' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta mahAvIrAMcI stutI karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, 'vRkSAta jasA zAlmalI,vanAta jase naMdanavana, zabdAta jazI meghagarjanA, tAr2yAMmadhye jasA caMdra, gaMdhAta caMdana, samudrAta svayaMbhUramaNa, nAgAta dharaNeMdra, hattIta airAvata, mRgAta siMha, nadyAta gaMgA, pakSyAta garuDa, yoddhyAta vizvasena, kamaLAta araviMda, dAnAta abhayadAna, tapAta brahmacarya jase zreSTha Ahe tase jJAtUputra mahAvIra sarva lokAta uttama Aheta.' jaina itihAsa-purANAta 54 mahApuruSa ANi 63 zalAkApuruSa prasiddha Aheta. 'zalAkA' mhaNaje tejasvI prakAzakiraNa. 'zalAkA' zabdAaivajI 'zlAghA' zabdahI vAparalA jAto. tyAcA artha stutya, zlAghanIya vyaktI. covIsa tIrthaMkara sarvAdhika zlAghanIya asale tarI cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, itakeca kAya prativAsudevAMmadhyehI 'zalAkA'-tejasvitA Ahe. samavAyAMgasUtrAta hI saMkhyA 54 Ahe. AcArya hemacaMdrAMnI tresaSTha zalAkApuruSAMce caritra lihile Ahe. 'tiloyapaNNati' yA graMthAta yAkherIja 11 rudra, 24 kAmadeva ANi 9 nAradAMcIhI noMda kelelI disate.he tejasvI puruSa kAlacakrAcyA pratyeka avasarpiNIta ANi utsarpiNIta hotaca rAhaNAra Aheta. tejasvI puruSAMcyA noMdIsAThI jainAMnI vAparalelI hI caukaTa, hA phaoNramaeNTa, he maoNDela lakSaNIya Ahe. 'kRSNa vAsudevAcyA prakhara, prabhAvI, AkarSaka vyaktimatvAmuLe azI caukaTa banavAyalA cAlanA miLAlI'-ase jainavidyecyA abhyAsakAMce matahI yethe noMdavAvese vATate. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 17 : uddharet AtmanA AtmAnam gItecyA sahAvyA adhyAyAce nAva 'dhyAnayoga', 'AtmasaMyamayoga' kiMvA 'adhyAtmayoga' ase noMdavalele disate. pataMjalIMcI yogasUtre ANi gItecA sahAvA adhyAya yAta vilakSaNa sAmya Ahe. pAtaMjalasUtre ANi jaina AcArya umAsvAmikRta tattvArthasUtre yAMcyAtahI aneka sAmyasthaLe ADhaLatAta. sAhajikaca gItetIla dhyAnayoga ANi jainadarzanAcI vicArasaraNI ekamekAMnA pUraka Ahe. saMpUrNa sahAvyA adhyAyAcA vicAra ekA lekhAta karaNe zakya nAhI. mhaNUna tyAtIla 'AdhyAtmika svAvalaMbanAcyA' zlokAvara lakSa keMdrita karU. to zloka asA uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / ___ Atmaiva hyAtmano baMdhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH / / (gI.6.5) arthAt, AtmyAne AtmyAcA (svata:ne svata:cA) uddhAra karAvA. svata:lA khacU deU naye. (kAraNa) ApaNaca ApalyA svata:cA baMdhU kiMvA ApaNaca ApalA zatrU Ahota. yA vicArAMce jaNU kAhI paDasAda, pratidhvanI vATAveta ase vicAra javaLajavaLa sarvaca upadezapara va tattvajJAnapara jaina graMthAta umaTalele disatAta. brAhmaNa kiMvA vaidika paraMparecyA joDIne, kiMbahunA ticyAhI pUrvIpAsUna cAlata alelyA nigraMtha paraMparetIla maulika vicArAMcA gAbhAca muLI 'AtmAvalaMbana' ANi 'Atmavijaya' Ahe. AcArya kuMdakuMda mhaNatAta, 'AlaMbaNaM ca me AdA, avasesAI vosare |'(bhaavpaahudd 57)-AtmAca mAjhe avalaMbana Ahe. itara sarvAMcA mI tyAga karato. kuMdakuMdAMcyA 'ekatva' ANi 'anyatva' yA anuprekSAMcA rokha 'AtmanirbharatA' hAca Ahe. 'azaraNa' anuprekSeta tara vAraMvAra te mhaNatAta, 'tamhA AdA hu me saraNaM' (mhaNUna mAjhA AtmAca mAjhe zaraNasthAna Ahe.) uttarAdhyayanAcyA pahilyA adhyayanAta AtmavijayAce mahattva sAMgatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, "appA ceva dameyavvo, appA hu khalu duddamo / appA daMto suhI hoi, assiM loe parattha ca / / " (utta.1.15) AtmyAceca damana karAve kAraNa toca durdamya Ahe. azA damanAne ihaparalokI ApaNa sukhI hoto. uttarAdhyayanAcyA visAvyA adhyayanAta ApaNa Apale mitra va ApaNaca Apale zatrU', hA Azaya prakaTa kelA Ahe. tetheca adhika kAvyAtmakatene mhaTale Ahe kI, 'narakAtIla bhayaMkara vaitaraNI nadI va kATerI zAlmalI vRkSa mAjhyAca AtmyAta AlA. taseca mAjhyAca AtmyAta kAmadhenU ANi naMdanavana yAMcehI vAstavya Ahe.' 'tU sukhakartA tU dukhahartA' ase hiMdU paraMpareta gaNapatIcyA AratIta mhaNatAta. jaina paraMparA ase mhaNela kI, 'he manuSyaprANyA, tUca tujhyA sukhAMcA kartA ANi tUca tujhyA du:khAMcA hartA Ahesa.' uttarAdhyayanAtIla gAthA tara akSaraza: azI Ahe - "appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya"-tUca tujhyA sukhaduHkhAMcA kartA ANi hartA Ahesa. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 18 : tattvajJAnAtIla pratimAsRSTI (bhAga 1) upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, dRSTAMta, arthAMtaraMnyAsa he arthAlaMkAra ANi yamaka, anuprAsa ityAdi zabdAlaMkAra he kharetara kAvyAce viSaya Aheta. paraMtu tattvajJAna sopyA bhASeta samajAvUna detAnA kiMvA dhArmika upadeza detAnA Adhyatmika va dhArmika graMthAtahI svAbhAvikapaNe yAMcA AdhAra ghetalA jAto. yA kAvyavizeSAMcA ekatrita ullekha 'pratimAsRSTI' yA zabdAne kelA Ahe. ApalA prastuta viSaya bhagavadgItA asalyAne ticyAtIla pratimAsRSTIcA zodha jaina graMthAta gheNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. tyAtIla sAmyAne Azcaryacakita hoNyAce kAhIca kAraNa nAhI ; kAraNa hiMdU (vaidika, brAhmaNa) paraMparA ANi jaina paraMparA donhI yAca bhAratavarSAta puSpita-phalita jhAlyA Aheta. AjubAjUcA nisarga ANi sAmAjika paristhitItahI samAnaca Ahe. kevaLa jainaca navhe tara dhammapada, suttanipAta i. bauddha graMthAtahI anekadA samAna pratimAsRSTa ADhaLUna yete. viSaya moThA raMjaka asalyAne to ekaMdara tIna lekhAMmadhye pAhU. kuMdakuMdAMce 'aSTapAhuDa', zivAryAMcI 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kiMvA ardhamAgadhI graMtha 'uttarAdhyayana' he gItecyA barobara DoLyAsamora ANale tara gItepekSA vipula ANi vegaLI pratimAsRSTI tyAMmadhye disate. gItecyA vistArAcyA mAnAne upamA, dRSTAMta i. turaLaka asale tarI te prAmukhyAne najaresamora ThevUna jaina graMthAtalA Azaya pAhU. gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAta sthitaprajJAcI lakSaNe sAMgatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, "yadA saMharate cAyaM kUrmo'GgAnIva sarvazaH / iMdriyANIMdriyArthebhyastasya prajJA pratiSThitA / / " yethe iMdriyasaMyamAsAThI kUrmAcA-kAsavAcA dRSTAMta dilA Ahe. 'jJAtRdharmakathA' yA kathA-dRSTAMtapradhAna graMthAta bha.mahAvIrAMnI dona kAsavAMcI goSTa sAMgitalI Ahe. veLevara iMdriyAMce gopana kelyAne eka kAsava surakSita hile. dusare mAtra saMyama na kelyAne kolhyAcyA bhakSasthAnI paDale. 'hiMdU maMdirAMmadhye saMyamAce pratIka mhaNUnaca kAsava asate'-asA eka anvayArtha lAvalA jAto. ___'AvRta karaNe', 'AvaraNa asaNe' azA zabdAvalIMcA prayoga gItecyA tisar2yA adhyAyAta disato. dhurAne agnI, dhuLIne ArasA ANi vArene garbha jasA AvRta hoto tase kAmA'ne mhaNaje 'bhogecchene jJAna AvRta hotaase dRSTAMta gIteta yetAta. jaina karmazAstrAta 'AvaraNA'cyA siddhAMtAlA atizaya mahattva Ahe. karmAMcyA ATha prakArAMmadhye pahile dona prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya' va 'darzanAvaraNIya' he gaNale jAtAta. jJAnAvaraNIya karma he AtmyAcyA jJAnaguNAlA AvRta karate, jhAkoLUna TAkate ase mhaTale Ahe. AvaraNApramANeca karmAcyA lepAcI upamA gIteta ADhaLate (4.4) tara karmalepAcA saMpUrNa dRSTAMta 'jJAtAdharmakathA' graMthAta disato. gItecyA pAcavyA adhyAyAta kamalapatrAcI suprasiddha upamA AlI Ahe. tI upamA ANi gItecyA puDhIla adhyAyAtIla pratimAsRSTI yAnaMtaracyA dona lekhAta pAhU. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 19 : tattvajJAnAtIla pratimAsRSTI ( bhAga 2 ) pANyAta rAhUnahI tyApAsUna alipta rAhaNAr2yA kamalAcA athavA kamalapatrAcA dRSTAMta hiMdU va jaina paraMparAta samAnatene yeto. anAsakta puruSAne paramAtmyAcyA ThikANI karme aparNa kelyAne tyAcI sthitI gIteta azA prakAre varNilI Ahe- "lipyate na sa pApena padmapatramivAmbhasA / / (gI. 5. 10 ) " . uttarAdhyayanAta mhaTale Ahe "jahA pomaM jale jAyaM novalippai vAriNA / evaM alitto kAmehiM taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / " ( utta. 25.27) yA gAtheta 'khar2yA brAhmaNA'ce lakSaNa sAMgatAnA, alipta kamalAce udAharaNa dile Ahe. yA graMthAta 'pokkhariNIpalAsa' mhaNaje kamalapatrAcA dRSTAMta 32 vyA adhyayanAtahI dilA Ahe. 'jaha salileNa Na lippai kamaliNipattaM sahAvapayaDIe'-ase udAharaNa kaSAyamukta satpuruSAsAThI 'bhAvapAhuDa' madhye dile Ahe. gItecyA sahAvyA adhyAyAta yogyAcyA sthiracittAlA nirvAta sthaLI ThevalelyA divyAcyA zAMtaprakAzita jyotIcI upamA dilI Ahe (gI.6.19). bhAvapAhuDAta kuMdakuMda mhaNatAta - "jaha dIvo gabbhahare mAruyabAhA vivajjio jalai / taha rAyANilarahio jhANapaIvo vi pajjalai / / " yA gAthetIla dIpa, garbhagRha, vAr2yAcI bAdhA nasaNe, dhyAnapradIpa prajvalita hoNe ityAdI zabda gItetIla kalpanezI vilakSaNa juLaNAre Aheta. gItecyA sahAvyA adhyAyAta arjuna kRSNAlA mhaNato, 'mana moThe pramAthI, balavAna va dRDha Ahe. vAr2yAlA bAMdhUna ThevaNe jase azakya taseca manAce Ahe.' zivArya he prAcIna jaina graMthakAra mAtra ApalyA assala zaurasenI prAkRta bhASeta manAcI tulanA mAkaDAzI karatAta. te mhaNatAta, 'mAkaDAlA cALe karAyalA satata koNatyA nA koNatyA vastUcA AdhAra lAgato. tyApramANe mana he koNatyAtarI viSayAvAcUna rAhU zakata nAhI. yA manamarkaTAlA jinopadezAta ramavaNyAcA prayatna karAvA.' (bha.A. 763-64 ). hI upamA tyAtIla vegaLepaNAmuLe cAMgalIca lakSAta rAhate. 'jJAnarUpI agnI ANi karmarUpI iMdhana' he gItece AvaDate rUpaka Ahe (gI.4.21 ; 4.37 ). jaina paraMparenusAra karmakSayAsAThI jJAnApekSA tapAlA mahattva dilele disate. 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' graMthAta azA arthAcyA dona-tIna gAthA yetAta. 'taparUpI agnI bhavabIja dagdha karate' ase vidhAna 'mUlAcAra' graMthAtahI yete (mUlA.749). agnIta vegAne uDI gheNAr2yA pataMgAcA dRSTAMta gItecyA akarAvyA adhyAyAta disato. uttarAdhyayanAta agnIcyA 'Alokalola' rUpAne AkRSTa hoUna maraNa patkaraNAr2yA pataMgAcA ullekha atizaya kAvyamayatene prastuta kelA Ahe (utta. 32.24). saMsArAlA mhaNajejanmamaraNacakrAlA sAgarAcI upamA deNe he ekaMdarItaca bhAratIya saMskRtIce vaiziSTya disate. gIteta kRSNa mhaNato, 'teSAmahaM samuddhartA mRtyusaMsArasAgarAt / ' ( gI. 12.7). uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, aSTapAhuDa ANi itarahI aneka graMthAMta 'saMsArasAgara' ANi 'saMsAramahArNava' he zabda vAraMvAra yetAta. pharaka itakAca kI jaina zAstrAnusAra hA samudra tyAne pAra karAyacA Ahe. 'zarIra hI nAva Ahe. jIva hA nAvika Ahe. saMsAra hA sAgara Ahe to nAvikAne svasAmarthyAne tarUna jAyacA Ahe'. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 20 : tattvajJAnAtIla pratimAsRSTI (bhAga 3) gItecyA 15 vyA adhyAyAcyA AraMbhI 'UrdhvamUla', 'adha: zAkha' azA azvatthavRkSAce rUpaka Ale Ahe. 'azvatthamenaM suvirUDhamUlaM asaGgazastreNa dRDheNa chitvA' asAhI ullekha Ahe (gI. 15.3). bhAvapAhuDAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'mohamahAtarUvara caDhalelI hI mAyAvallI, viSayarUpI viSapuSpAMnI lagaDalI Ahe. munI yA vRkSavallIMnA jJAnarUpI zastrAne toDUna TAkatAta' (bhA.pA. 156). gItecyA yAca adhyAyAta, janmAMtarAcyA veLI zarIra soDUna jAtAnA, jIva (AtmA) ApalyAbarobara kAya gheUna jAto tyAce ekA dRSTAMtAcyA sahAyyAne varNana kele Ahe. tyAcA Azaya asA- 'jasA vAyU hA sugaMdhita puSpAcA sAMdha barobara gheUna dusarIkaDe jAto tasA ekA zarIrAtUna dusar2yA zarIrAta jAtAnA jIvAtmA pAca iMdriye va mana barobara gheUna jAto.' gItetIla dRSTAMta tara atizaya bolakA Ahe paraMtu dehAMtarAcyA veLI jIva (AtmA) kAya barobara gheUna jAto yAbAbata jainazAstrAta vegaLeca varNana yete. dehAMtarAcyA veLI iMdriye va mana barobara jAta nasUna kevaLa taijasa va kArmaNahI atisUkSma zarIre barobara jAtAta. gItecyA soLAvyA adhyAyAta, kAmanA - icchA-vAsanAMnA 'duSpUra' ase vizeSaNa prayukta kele Ahe. sAmAnya saMsArI manuSyAMce varNana 'AzApAzazataiH baddhA:' azA zabdAta kele Ahe. uttarAdhyayanAcyA 'kApilIya' adhyayanAtahI AzA-kAmanAMsAThI 'duppUra' (duSpUra) hAca zabdaprayoga yeto. 'namipravrajyA' adhyayanAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA'-lobhI mANasAcI icchA hI kharokharaca AkAzAitakI anaMta Ahe. 'harikezabala' nAvAce munI eka mahinyAcyA upavAsAnaMtara bhikSA mAgaNyAsAThI nighatAta. te ekA yajJamaMDapAzI pohocatAta. yajJazALetaca rAjakumArIcyA vivAhAprItyartha bhojanAcI tayArI surU asate. munI bhikSA mAgatAta. munIMcA ekaMdara avatAra baghUna yajJAsAThI jamalele brAhmaNa tyAMnA hAkalU lAgatAta. rAjakumArI munIMcA prabhAva jANata asate. tI tyAMcI kSamA mAgate. bhikSA dete. brAhmaNAMnA pratibodha deNyAcI vinaMtI karate. 'Asrava ANi saMvara' yA tattvAMcA teupadeza detAta. akherIsa 'yajJA'cA AdhyAtmika artha samajAvUna sAMgatAta. te mhaNatAta 'tapa hI jyotI Ahe. jIvAtmA hA jyotisthAna Ahe. mana-vacana-kAyecyA pravRttI yA AhutIcyA paLyA Aheta. zarIra he govar2yA Ahe. karma he iMdhana Ahe. saMyamI AcaraNa hA zAMtipATha Ahe. asA prazasta yajJa (homa) mI satata karIta asato' (utta. 12.44) yajJapradhAna saMskRtIce samAjAta pracalana asatAnA, jaina vicAravaMtAMnI tyAcA lAvalelA hA pratIkAtmaka artha dona paraMparAMcyA vaicArika AdAnapradAnAvara cAMgalAca prakAza TAkato. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 21 : yuddhAce rUpaka (1) bhagavadgItA hA graMtha bhAratIyAMcyA gaLyAtalA tAIta Ahe. bhAratAtalyAca navhe tara jagabharAtalyA vicAravaMtAMnA yA graMthAne mohinI ghAtalI Ahe. mahAbhAratAtalyA tyAcyA sthAnAvarUna ase disate kI kaurava-pAMDava yuddhAsAThI kurukSetrAvara ekatra jamalyAvara acAnaka viSaNNa jhAlelyA arjunAlA yuddhapravRtta karaNyAsAThI zrIkRSNAne arjunAlA kelelA hA upadeza Ahe. kAhI abhyAsakAMcyA mate gItelA lAbhalelI hI raNAMgaNAcI pArzvabhUmI heca eka rUpaka he. 'kartavya kAya ANi akartavya kAya ?' asA samaraprasaMga sAmAnya mANasAcyA AyuSyAtahI anekadA yeto. azA prasaMgI gItA hI dIpastaMbhAsArakhI mArgadarzaka Tharate. ApaNa yA lekhamAlecyA AraMbhI pAhile Ahe kI jaina mahAbhAratAta gItA nAhI. 'mahAbhAratIya yuddha' bahudhA aitihAsika (?) ghaTanA asAvI. azA hiMsApradhAna pArzvabhUmIvara tattvajJAnAcI va vizeSata: adhyAtmAcI mAMDaNI karAvI, he jaina graMthakArAMnA rucale nasAve. paraMtu yuddhAce rUpakAtmaka varNana mAtra jaina graMthakArAMnI aneka ThikANI, aneka prakAre kelele disate. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, aSTapAhuDa ANi uttarAdhyayanAtIla rUpakAtmaka yuddhavarNana pAhU. digaMbarIya AcArya tyAMcyA zaurasenI' bhASeta nibaddha asalelyA graMthAta yuddhAce rUpaka kase sajavitAta te AjacyA lekhAta pAhU. zvetAMbarIya ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla yuddhAcyA rUpakAcI mAMDaNI udyAcyA lekhAta pAhU. bhAvapAhuDAtaca kuMdakuMda AcArya 'bhaMjasu iMdiyaseNaM' azA zabdAta iMdriyarUpI sainyAce 'bhaMjana' (bImoDa) karaNma sAMgatAta. 'iMdriyAMnA tyAMcyA tyAMcyA viSayAMpAsUna dUra ThevaNe'- hA tyAMce bhaMjana karaNyAcA mArga Ahe. jJAna-darzana-cAritra-tapa yAMcI ArAdhanA sAdha karIta asato. saMyama va samabhAva yAMcA to abhyAsa karato. tyAcyA AdhyAtmika vijayAce varNana karatAnA bhagavatI ArAdhanA mhaNate - "lakSyavedha, zastraprahAra ityAdIMmadhye dakSa asA yoddhA rAjaputra jasA zatrUlA jiMkUna tyAcA dhvaja hirAvUna gheto, tasA vara varNana kelelA sAdhU saMthArArUpI raNabhUmavara ArAdhanecI patAkA grahaNa karato" (bha.A.22,23). puDhe asehI mhaTale Ahe kI abhedya kavacAne surakSita yoddhA jhA vijayI hoto tasAca saMvararUpI kavacAne kSapaka pariSaharUpI zaanA jiMkato (bha.A. 1676,1677). kuMdakuMdAMcyA mate svargaprAptI karaNe mhaNaje ekA yoddhyAlA jiMkaNe. mokSaprAptI mhaNaje karoDo yoddhyAMnA jiMkaNe (mokSapAhuDa 22). svarga-mokSAcI azI tulanA abhinavaca mhaNAcI lAgela. jaina paraMparetale mokSAce zreSThatva ANi svargAce kaniSThatvahI yAtUna uttama prakAre adhorekhita hote. bodhapAhuDAta mhaTale Ahe, 'maidhaNuhaM jassa thiraM sudaguNa bANA suasthi rayaNattaM / paramatthabaddhalakkho Navi cakkAdi mokkhamaggassa / / (bodhapAhaDa 23) arthAt "matijJAnarUpI dhanuSya, zrutajJAnarUpI pratyaMcA, ratnatrayarUpI bANa ANi nijazuddhAtmarUpa lakSya asalelA munI mokSApAsUna kasA vaMcita rAhIla ?"

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 22 : yuddhAce rUpaka (2) uttarAdhyayanAta namI rAjarSI ANi brAhmaNarUpAtIla iMdra yAMcyAmadhIla saMvAda aMkita kelA Ahe. namI rAjarSI mithilA nagarIce rAje Aheta. te virakta vRttIce asalyAmuLe tyAMnA rAjyAcI sarva kartavye pAra pADalyAnaMtara, dIkSA dhAraNa karAvayAcI Ahe. tyAMcyA dIkSecyA nirNayAne mithilA nagarItIla loka AkraMdana karIta Aheta. tyAMnA tyAMcyA rAjakartavyAMcI jANIva karUna deNyAsAThI iMdra hA brAhmaNa rUpAta AlA Ahe. iMdra hA namIMcyA kSatriyatvAlA AvhAna de Ahe. namI rAjarSI iMdrAlA AdhyAtmika bhASeta uttara deta Aheta. yuddhAce samagra rUpaka yA adhyayanAta vistArAne sAMsile Ahe. "zraddhA he mAjhe nagara Ahe. tapa-saMyama yA argalA Aheta. kSamArUpI prAkAra triguptIMnI surakSita kelA Ahe. puruSArtha he dhanuSya, IryAsamitI hI pratyaMcA, dRDhanizcaya hI mUTha Ahe. karmarUpI kavaca bhedUna vijetA munI he aMtayuddha jiMkato. hajAro yoddhyAMnA jiMkaNyApekSA ekaTyA AtmyAlA jiMkaNe zreSTha Ahe. 'appANameva jujjhAhi, kiM te jujjheNa bajjhao ?' he AdhyAtmika yuddha mahattvAce. bAhya yuddhe kitIhI jiMkUna kAya upayoga ?" (uttarAdhyayana 9) kSudhA, tRSNA, daMza-mazaka, jJAnAcA ahaMkAra ityAdI 22 koSTIMnA jaina zAstrAta 'pariSaha' (sahana karaNyAcyA goSTI) ase mhaTale Ahe. adhyAtmamArgI munIce he zatrU Aheta. te zatrU trAsa deU lAgale tara munIne kAya karAve ?' yAbaddala uttarAdhyayanAta mhaTale Ahe kI - "te tattha patte na vahijja bhikkhU / saMgAmasIse iva nAgarAyA / / " (utta.21.17) arthAt - yuddhAta zatrUce bANa va prahAra jasA AghADIvara asalelA hattI nirbhayatene sahana karato tyApramANe bhikSUne pariSaha sahana karAveta. vyathita hoU naye. jaina zAstrAcA ekaMdara abhiprAya asA disato kI 'saMyama' karaNe he 'bujhadila' vyaktIce kAma navhe. saMyamAsAThI lAgaNArA 'parAkrama' munIkaDUna apekSita Ahe. mAnavI janmAtIla cAra goSTIMnA parama aMga mhaTale Ahe. caturaMgIya yA adhyayanAta mhaTale Ahe kI, "cattAri paramaMgANi dullahANIha jantuNo / mANusattaM suI saddhA saMjamaMmi ya vIriyaM / / " (utta.3.1) arthAt - yA saMsArAta prANimAtrAMsAThI cAra goSTI durlabha Aheta. manuSyatva, saddharmAce zravaNa, zraddhA ANi saMyamAmadhye parAkrama. kezIkumAra zramaNAMnA yAca arthAne 'ghora parAkramI' mhaTale Ahe. jaina paraMpareta kSatriyatvAlA prAdhAnya disate. covIsahI tIrthaMkara kSatriya Aheta. sarva sukhopabhoga hAta joDUna puDhe ubha asUna ANi kSatriyocita laDhAU bANA asUnahI tyAMnI parAkrama dAkhavilA to adhyAtmAcyA prAMtAta ! yuddhAcI rUpakAka varNane prAcIna jaina graMthAta miLaNyAce kadAcit heca kAraNa asela !! **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 23 : gItetIla yajJa : jaina samIkSesaha (1) agadI mojake adhyAya vagaLatA gItecyA pratyeka adhyAyAta yajJaviSayaka vidhAne ANi yajJasaMsthecA puraskAra disUna yeto. yA lekhAta ANi yApuDhIla dona lekhAta jaina samIkSesaha gItetIla yajJaviSayaka vicAra prastuta kele Aheta. gItelA yAcI kalpanA Ahe kI yajJAce nirdeza vedAMtUnaca miLatAta. yajJakarma he 'kAmyakarma' asUna te svargaphala prApta karUna detAta. yajJAcI kriyAkAMDapradhAnatA ANi bhoga-aizvarya deNyAcI zaktI dusar2yA adhyAyAta namUda kelI Ahe. 'bhogAta Asaktacitta jhAlelyAMcI buddhI samabhAvAta sthira hota nAhI'-he gItetIlaca vAkya yAvarIla uttama bhASya Ahe. kAraNa jaina darzanAcIhI azIca dhAraNA Ahe. gItecyA tisar2yA adhyAyAta 10 te 16 yA zlokAMmadhye 'yajJacakrapravartana' hI saMkalpanA mAMDalI Ahe. prajApatIne yajJAsaha prajecI nirmitI karUna mhaTale kI, 'yajJAdvAre tumhI icchApUrtI karUna ghyA. yajJAdvAre tumhI va deva parasparastrI unnatI karUna ghyA. annApAsUna prANimAtra janmatAta, parjanyApAsUna anna utpanna hote, yajJAmuLe parjanya paDato, yajJa hA karmasamudhva Ahe, karma brahmApAsUna (vedAMpAsUna) jANUna ghyA. veda paramAtmyApAsUna utpanna jhAle. azA prakAre te sarvagata brahma yajJata pratiSThita Ahe. he yajJacakra athavA sRSTicakra satata cAlU ThevaNyAta mAnavI jIvanAce sArthaka Ahe. yajJAprItyartha kellI karme manuSyAlA 'baMdhaka' Tharata nAhIta. ' jaina zAstrAnusAra 'jagannirmitI' prajApatIdvArA jhAlI nasUna 'jagat' he anAdi kALApAsUna anaMta jIvAMcyA karmAnusAra cAlU Ahe. pratyeka jIvAcI icchApUrtI hI zubha karmAMcyA puNyaphalAcyA udayAvara avalaMbUna asate. to 'udaya' 'asalA taraca icchApUrtI hote anyathA nAhI. tyAbAbata yajJIya karme sahAyya karU zakata nAhIta. 'devAnbhAvayatAnena' ityAdI zlokAcI samIkSA 'deva- manuSya saMbaMdha' yA lekhAta yApUrvIca kelI Ahe. parjanya-anna va prANimAtrAMcI zarIre ha tArkika krama sAmAnyata: jaina zAstrAsa mAnya Ahe. parjanyAce kAraNa 'yajJa' 'nasUna to tara sRSTIta cAlalelyA vAyukayika ANi jalakAyikAcA kheLa Ahe. yajJIya karmAMce vidhAna vedAMmadhye Ahe he khare paraMtu veda paramAtmyApAsUna jhAle Aheta, he mAnya karatA yeta nAhI kAraNa paramAtmA nAvAcyA svataMtra, svayaMbhU va jagannirmAtyAcI svataMtra kalpanA jaina zAstrAta nAhI. koNatAhI jIva (AtmA) AdhyAtmika pragatIne 'paramAtmA' saMbodhalA jAU zakato. asA paramAtmA jagannirmitIcyA prakriyeta koNatAha sahabhAga gheta nAhI. 'yajJAcyA dvAre sRSTicakrAce pravartana hote', hA gItetIla yajJavicArAcA gAbhA Ahe. jaina zAstrAsAra sRSTicakra cAlU rAhaNyAcA mukhya gAbhA jIvAMcI zubhAzubha karme Aheta, yajJa navhe. jaina matAnusAra pratyeka karma he baMdhakAraka Ahe. yajJIya karmesuddhA tyAlA apavAda TharU zakata nAhIta. azA prakAre sRSTicakrAkaDe pAhaNyAcA jainAMcyA ANi vaidikAMcyA dRSTIta mUlagAmI bheda Aheta.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 24 : gItetIla yajJa : jaina samIkSesaha (2) gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAtIla 23 te 33 yA zlokAMmadhye punhA ekadA yajJavicAra vistArAne kelelA disato. yajJAMce vividha prakAra sAMgUna tyAtIla sarvAta zreSTha yajJa koNatA, yAcIhI cikitsA gItene kelI Ahe. tisar2yA adhyAyApekSA yA adhyAyAtIla yajJasaMkalpanecI mAMDaNI pUrNapaNe vegaLI Ahe. yethe kevaLa karmakAMDAtmaka yajJAcI cikitsA nasUna 'ANakhI koNakoNatyA goSTIMcA yajJAta samAveza karatA yeIla', yAcA vicAra yethe Ahe. tevisAvyA zlokAta nirAsakta, mukta va jJAnI vyaktIcA ullekha Ahe. jaina zAstrAtahI Adarza munIce varNana yAca zabdAta kele jAte. yajJAyAcarataH karmasamagraM pravilIyate'-yA gItAvAkyAta mhaTalyApramANe 'yajJArtha kelelI karme baMdhanakAraka hota nAhIta' hI saMkalpanA mAtra jaina zAstra mAnya karaNAra nAhI. 'brahmArpaNaM brahma havirbrahmAgnau brahmaNA hutam'-yA zlokArdhAta dhyAtA, dhyeya ANi dhyAna yAMcI ekarUpatA sUcita kelI Ahe. asAca Azaya kuMdakuMdAMnI mokSapAhAta vyakta kelA Ahe. te mhaNatAta, __ "Aruhavi aMtarappA bahirappA chaMDiUNa tiviheNa / jhAijjai paramappA uvaiTuM jiNavaridehiM / / " (mokSapAhuDa 7) gIteta yAnaMtara devatAMcyA pUjanAlAhI yajJa ase saMbodhale Ahe. 'zrotrAdi iMdriyAMnA tyAMcyA zabdAdi viSayAMpAsUna saMyamAcyA sahAyyAne dUra karaNe' hA dekhIla gItecyA mate yajJaca hoya. sarva iMdriyakarme ANi prANakarme yAMcyA sahAyyame kelele AtmasaMyamana hA yogayajJa' hoya. gItecyA yA adhyAyAtIla 29 ANi 30 vyA zlokAta prANAyAma' ANi 'niyatAhAra' yAMnAhI yajJakoTIta ghAtale Ahe. jaina AcAraparaMparetIla saMyama, tapa va dhyAna yAMce mahattva lakSAta ghetA ase mhaNatA yeIla kI, gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAtIla yajJavicAra hA bahutAMzI jaina zAstrAzI miLatAjuLatA asAca Ahe. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI, 'dravyamaya yajJApekSA jJAnamaya yajJa zreSTha Ahe', hA vicAra ANi jJAnAce zreSThatva' gItA azAprakAre noMdavate "zreyAndravyamayAdyajJAjjJAnayajJa: paraMtapa / sarvaM karmAkhilaM pArtha jJAne parisamApyate / / " (gI.4.33) jJAnAce va jJAnayajJAce zreSThatva gItene itaratrahI vAraMvAra noMdavilele disate. jaina graMthAMtahI jJAnAce zreSThatva vAraMvara sAMgitalele disate. te mokSAce eka mukhya aMga asUna 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' nAvAcyA graMthAta kityeka gAthAMmadhye yA jJAnAcA mahimA sAMgitalA Ahe. bhAratAtalyA avaidika paraMparAMnI karmakAMDAtmaka yajJAlA jo virodha noMdavilA tyAcI AtmaparIkSaNAtmaka pratikriyA gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAta spaSTapaNe umaTalelI disate. pariNAmI dravyayajJAbarobaraca vividha yajJAMcA ullekha karUna akherIsa jJAnayajJAlAca jhukate mApa dile Ahe. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 25 : gItetIla yajJa : jaina samIkSesaha (3) yajJAMce vividha prakAra sAMgUna 'jJAnayajJA'ce sarvazreSThatva sAMgaNe, hA gItecyA yajJavicArAtIla eka mahattvAcA TappA Tharato. pahilyA lekhAta namUda kelyApramANe pAcavyA adhyAyApAsUna aTharAvyA adhyAyAparyaMta prAya: sarva adhyAyAta yajJaviSayaka vicAra disatAta. tyA vicArAMce niSpakSa vizleSaNa karU lAgalo, tara eka goSTa prakarSAne jANavate. yajJIya ullekhAMcA kala prathama dravyayajJAkaDUna jJAnayajJAkaDe jhukU lAgalA ANi gItecyA tyApuDhIla adhyAyAta tyAmadhye bhaktIce raMga bharU lAgale. kevaLa yajJAcyA bAbatItaca navhe tara aneka mahattvAcyA mudyAMbAbata gIteta ase vaicArika stara disatAta. tyAvarUna gItA hI 'ekakAlika' ANi 'ekakartRka' nAhI yAlA puSTIca miLate. ____pAcavyA adhyAyAcyA zevaTacyA zlokAta acAnaka kRSNa mhaNU lAgato, 'mI sarva yajJAMcA va tapAMcA bhoktA, sarva lokAMcA dhanI ANi avaghyA bhUtAMcA sakhA Ahe. mAjhe sarvalokamahezvarAtmaka svarUpa oLakhale kI vyaktIlA zati prApta hote.' AThavyA adhyAyAta, 'AdhibhUta, Adhidaiva ANi AdhiyajJa sarva kAhI mIca Ahe' ase zrIkRSNAne paramezvarAcyA vatIne mhaTale Ahe. taseca 'ahaM hi sarvayajJAnAM bhoktA ca prabhureva ca' asehI to mhaNato. bhaktimArga mhaTalA kI nAmasmaraNa va japa anivAryapaNe yetoca. vibhUtiyoga adhyAyAta 'yajJAnAM japajJo'smi' asA ullekha disato. 'mAjhe adbhuta vizvarUpadarzana veda, tapa, dAna agara yajJAne hoNe zakya nAhI' asA ullekha akarAvyA adhyAyAta yeto. vizvarUpadarzanAcI samIkSA ApalyAlA vegaLyA lekhAta karAvayAcI Ahe. soLAvyA adhyAyAcyA pahilyA tIna zlokAMmadhye daivI saMpattIce aneka guNa sAMgitale Aheta. ahiMsA, satya, akrodha, tyAga, zAMtI, apaizunya, dayA, kSamA, dAna, dama, svAdhyAya, tapa ityAdi aneka uttamottama guNAMcI tI yAdI Ahe. tyAta yajJAcA kelelA samAveza tArkika dRSTyAhI susaMgata vATata nAhI. vaidika paraMparece vaiziSTya asalelA yajJa' hA tyA yAdIta ghAlaNe, gItAkArAlA anivArya vATale asAve. satarAvyA adhyAyAta yajJAce sAtvika, rAjasa va tAmasa ase prakAra kele Aheta. thoDe ciMtana kelyAvara ase lakSAta yete kI, he vastuta: yajJAce prakAra nasUna vyaktIMcyA mAnasikatececa vegavegaLe prakAra Aheta. tyAkALacyA samAjAta yajJa va homa tara cAlU hote paraMtu tyAMce hetU ANi prakAra vegavegaLe hote. koNIkoNI daMbhAne, ahaMkArAne, sAmAjika pratiSThA miLaviNyAcyA hetUne, zraddhAhIna va maMtrahInapaNehI 'yajJa' karIta asata. vaidiketara saMpradAyAMnI yajJAMkDe anAdaraNIya dRSTIne pAhaNyAce kAraNa satarAvyA adhyAyAta gItene svata:ca noMdavilele disate. "veda, yajJa, tapa ANi dAna yAne je puNyaphala prApta hote te sarva olAMDUna (pAra karUna) dhyAnayogI sarvazreSTha pada prApta karato", he gItecyA AThavyA adhyAyAtIla vidhAna mAtra jaina dRSTIne sarvAMzAne yathArtha Tharate. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 26 : jaina graMthAtIla yajJavicAra (1) vAcakaho, ApalyAlA ase vATela kI gItetalyA yajJavicArAMcI jaina dRSTIne samIkSA kelyAvara AtA ajUna kAya vegaLe sAMgaNAra ? paNa vastusthitI azI Ahe kI yajJasaMsthA hI tyAkALI bhAratAta atizaya dRDhamUla asalyAmuLe bhagavAn mahAvIrAMcyApAsUna theTa 12-13 vyA zatakAparyaMta, vegavegaLyA jaina graMthAMta, yajJAviSayIcI nigraMtha paraMparecI spaSTa mate noMdavilI jAta hotI. tI mate atizaya lakSavedhI ANi mUlagAmI asalyAmuLe jaina-ajaina sarvAMnAca tyAtUna aneka navyA goSTI samajatIla. mhaNUna hA puDhacA lekhanaprapaMca ! AcArAMgasUtrAta yajJa, yajJakuMDa, yajJopavIta, AhutI, pazubalI ANi dravyayajJa yA goSTIMcA sAkSAt ullekha kelelA disata nAhI. yajJAcA sAkSAt nirdeza na karatA, agnikAyika jIvAMcyA hiMsecA pariNAma yA graMthAta dAkhavUna dilA Ahe jaina darzanAcyA dRSTIne agnikAyika jIvAMnA ekeMdriya jIva mAnale Ahe. kevaLa 'agnI prajvalita kelyAmuLe kitI jIvAMcI hiMsA hote', yAce pratyayakArI varNana AcArAMgAta yete. yAtUna bha. mahAvIrAMnA ase dhvanita karAvayAce Ahe kI, jara kevaLa agnI prajvalita kelyAmuLe evaDhI jIvahiMsA hote tara dvIMdriyAMpAsUna paMceMdriyAMparyaMta hiMsA jethe keI jAte, azA yajJAMcA vicAra dekhIla karaNe azakyaprAya goSTa Ahe. mhaNUnaca AcArAMgAta ahiMsA vivecanAnaMtara yA vicArAlA pUrNavirAma dilA Ahe. _ 'bhagavatIsUtra' ANi 'sthAnAMgasUtra'yAMmadhye narakagatIcI cAra kAraNe dilI Aheta. tI azI-mahAhiMsA, mahAparigraha, prANivadha ANi mAMsabhakSaNa. yA cArahI goSTI prAmukhyAne yajJAzIca nigaDita Aheta. paraMtu yajJAcA pratyakSa saMbaMdha joDUna dAkhavalelA nAhI. 'uttarAdhyayanasUtrA'ta harikezabala munIMnI yajJAcA pratIkAtmaka artha samajAvUna sAMgitalelA Ahe. tyAce vivecana yApUrvIcyA lekhAta keleleca Ahe. _ 'nirayAvaliyAo' yA upAMgagraMthAta somila brAhmaNAcI kathA dilI Ahe. AraMbhI to pazuvadhAtmaka yajJa karIta asato. naMtara manana, ciMtana karUna tUpa, tILa, tAMdULa azA ahiMsaka dravyayajJAkaDe vaLato. itarahI samAjopayogI kAme karato. kAlAMtarAne tyAlA eka devatA bodha dete. tyAlA tyA kRtyAMmadhIlahI pholapaNA kaLato. akhera to zrAkkavrate dhAraNa karato. mhaNajeca, 'svata:hUna vicAra karaNyAce sAmarthya asalelyA brAhmaNAMnI svata:madhye yogya te badala karUnaca jinadharmAce anuyAyitva patkarale', he yA prAtinidhika ghaTanevarUna spaSTa hote. ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMthAMmadhye disUna yeNAr2yA ullekhAMvarUna ase jANavate kI vaidika paraMpareta yajJa karaNe he svarga va puNyaprAptIce sAdhana mAnale asale tarI dharmAcyA nimittAne kelelI hiMsAsuddhA jaina dharmAlA mAnya nAhI. samAjamanAvara asalele yajJAce prabhutva pAhUna, yajJAcI niMdA na karatA, pratIkAtmaka dRSTI vAparalI Ahe. kaThora virodha samAjapravAhAcyA viruddha jANArA hotA tyAcabarobara vaidika paraMparetahI aupaniSadika ciMtanAcI prakriyA surU jhAlI hotI. mhaNUna ardhAgadhI AgamAMcyA kALAta yajJAvara prakhara TIkA disata nAhI. . **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 27 : jaina graMthAtIla yajJavicAra (2) vAcakaho, kAlacyA lekhAta ApaNa ardhamAgadhI graMthAMtIla yajJavicArAMcA ADhAvA ghetalA. Aja ApaNa 'jaina mahArASTrI' bhASetalyA tIna prAtinidhika graMthAMta ANi jaina purANAta noMdavalelyA yajJavicArAMce sAra pAhU. jaina rAmAyaNa 'paumacariya' ( padmacarita - rAmacarita) madhye nAradAcyA toMDUna saMpUrNa yajJAcAca pratIkAtmaka artha vadavilA Ahe. 'aja' zabdAcA artha 'bokaDa' asA karAvA kI, "a-ja- aMkurita hoNyAcI zaktI nAhizI jhAlele 'java' asA karAvA ?" azI carcA nArada - parvata - vasu-saMvAdAta kelI Ahe. puDhe spaSTapaNe mhaTale Ahe kI pazuvadhA pAThiMbA deNAr2yAMnA narakaprAptI hote ( pauma. 12.25,26). 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' graMthAta 'agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAma:' yA suprasiddha vAkyAcA artha lAvatAnA vegaLIca paddhata avalaMbilI Ahe. "mRtyUcI devatA yama, dhanAcI devatA kubera azA prakAracyA devatA kAlpanika Aheta. tyAMce astitvaca nasalyAne tyAMcI svargIya nivAsasthAne, svargakAmanA, devatA-a - AvAhana ANi devatAprItyartha yajJa he sarva nirarthaka hoya" ase mhaTale Ahe (gA. 1883). 'dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa' hA graMtha upadezapara prAkRta graMthAMce pratinidhitva karato. yAtIla yajJaviSayIcI TIkA atizaya spaSTa Ahe. brAhmaNaputra 'datta' ANi suprasiddha jaina AcArya 'kAlakAcArya' yAMcA saMvAda yA katheta raMgavilA Ahe. datta hA kAlakAcAryAMnA yajJAce phaLa vicArato. te tIna veLA tuTaka-tuTaka uttare detAta. tI azI- 1) paMceMdriya prANyAMcyA vadhAne jIva narakAta jAtAta. 2) pApakarmAMce phaLa narakaca Ahe. 3) dharmAce lakSaNa ahiMsA Ahe. datta ciDUna nemake phaLa vicArato. akhera munI spaSTapaNe sAMgatAta, "hiMsaka yajJAce phaLa narakaca Ahe." kAlakAcArya krAMtikArI vicArAMce asalyAne tyAMnI yajJAMnA prakhara, spaSTa virodha dhADasAne kelelA disato (dharmo.pR.30-31). A.puSpadaMtakRta 'mahApurANa' apabhraMza bhASetIla jaina purANAMcA prAtinidhika graMtha Ahe. tyAta pazubaLI, surApAna i.nI yukta yajJAlA tIvra virodha disato. dhUpa, dIpa, phule, tAMdULa yAMnI kelelyA dhArmika pUjAMnA tyAMnI 'yA, yajJa, kratu, pUjA, saparyA, ijyA, adhvara, makha' ase saMbodhale. mhaNajeca A. puSpadaMtAMnI dravyAtmaka yajJa jaina pUjAvidhIMcyA rUpA parivartita kelelA disato. sumAre 11-12 vyA zatakApAsUna jaina samAjAta pUjA, vrate, maMdire, graMthapUjana, kriyAkAMDa, utsava i. goSTIMcA praveza jhAlelA disato. aihika abhyudayAsAThI haLUhaLU stotre, maMtra, homa-havana i. vADhata gele. jinarakSakadevatAMcyA pUjanAcI paraMparAhI surU jhAlI. 14 vyA zatakAcyA AraMbhI 'vidhimArgaprapA' sArakhe graMthahI lihile jAU lAgale. sArAMza, AgamakALAta yajJAlA spaSTa virodha na karatA, to hiMsA-ahiMsecyA vivecanAcyA rUpAta disato. cauthyA zatakApAsUna navavyA zatakAparyaMta sarva prakAracyA yajJAMnA virodha spaSTa noMdavalelA disato. dahAvyA-akarAvyA zatakAta va naMtara jaina samAjAta pUjA va kriyAkAMDa dRDhamUla hoU lAgalele disatAta. tAttvika siddhAMta ANi AcAra-vyavahAra yAtIla sthityaMtare hI koNatyAhI paraMpareta cAlU rahAtAta heca khare !

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 28 : gItetIla vizvarUpadarzana : pArzvabhUmI mahAbhAratAtIla bhISmaparvAcyA aMtargata AlelyA gItece varNana ApaNa 'dArzanika kAvya' azA zabdAta karU zakato. kurukSetrAvarIla raNabhUmIvara kelyA gelelyA hyA zrIkRSNa-upadezAta kadhI dArzanika aMza disUna yetAta tara kadha kAvyAtmaka aMzAMcA prabhAva disUna yeto. gItecyA anekAneka bhaktAMnI gItetIla 11 vyA 'vizvarUpadarzana' adhyAyAca itakI prazaMsA kelI Ahe kI tyAce jaina dArzanika dRSTIne parIkSaNa taseca mUlyAMkana karaNe Avazyaka Ahe. gItecyA pratyeka adhyAyAcI pArzvabhUmI vegavegaLI Ahe. dusar2yA adhyAyAcA AraMbha saMjayAcyA nivedanAne hoto. kAhI adhyAyAMmadhye kRSNAce pratyakSa kathanaca Ahe tara kAhI adhyAyAMmadhye arjuna prazna vicArato ANi kRSNa uttarasvapa adhyAyAce kathana karato. 'vizvarUpadarzana' hA gItetIla akarAvA adhyAya Ahe. dahAvyA adhyAyAta kRSNAne 'vibhUtiyogA'ce kathana kele Ahe. yA vizvAta je je vibhUtimat, sattva, zrImad taseca urjita Ahe tyA sarvAMnA kaNAne paramezvarAcyA vibhUtI mAnalyA. he sarva IzvarAce aMzarUpa Aheta', azA prakAracyA vacanAne prabhAvita hoUna arjunAca jijJAsA jAgRta jhAlI. evametadyathAttha tvamAtmAnaM paramezvara / draSTumicchAmi te rUpamaizvaraM puruSottama / / manyase yadi tacchakyaM mayA draSTumiti prabho / yogazvara tato me tvaM darzayAtmAnamavyayam / / (gI.11.3 ; 11.4) puruSottamAce samagra aizvaryasaMpanna rUpa to pAhU icchito. tyAlA hehI mAhIta Ahe kI azAprakArace aizvaryasaMpanapa pAhaNyAce sAmarthya ApalyA carmacaDUMmadhye nAhI. mhaNUna to atizaya namrapaNe puruSottamAce aizvaryasaMpanna rUpa pAhaNyAcI icchA prakaTa karato. gItecyA upadezAcyA pravAhAta yA 'vizvarUpadarzana' viSayAlA samAviSTa karaNyAce kAya kAraNa Ahe ? dArzanika dRSTIne kamI mahattva asalelyA yA kAvyamaya, adbhuta, romAMcaka ANi raudra varNanayukta yA adhyAyAce mUlasrota koThe sApaDatIla ? vaidika paraMparetIla koNakoNatyA graMthAMmadhye azA prakArace ullekha yetAta ? azA aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayAMcA zodha gheta gheta ApaNa RgvedAcyA sahasrazIrSA puruSaH' yA sUktavacanAparyaMta pohocato. RgvedAtIla puruSakhUta, yajurvedAtIla rudrAdhyAya, aneka pramukha upaniSade, zrImadbhAgavata taseca aneka purANe va gItece anukaraNa karaNAr2yA aneka anya gItAMmadhye koNatyA nA koNatyA svarUpAta 'vizvarUpadarzana' yeteca. AdyazaMkarAcArya, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, yogI araviMda, lokamAnya TiLaka taseca anyahI abhyAsakAMnI yA 'vizvarUpadarzanA'cI atizaya prazaMsA kelI Ahe. 'sarva adhyAyAMce sAra', 'gItA-parvatAce sarvocca zikhara', 'gItecyA suvarNapAtrAtIla miSTAnna' i. stutisumanAMdvAre alaMkRta azA 'vizvarUpadarzanA'ce, jaina dArzanika dRSTIne ApaNa mUlyAMkana karaNAra Ahota. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 29 : vizvarUpadarzanAcI jaina mImAMsA arjunAcyA vinaMtInaMtara kRSNa mhaNato, pazya me pArtha rUpANi zatazo'tha sahasrazaH / nAnAvidhAni divyAni nAnAvarNAkRtIni ca / / (gI11.5) arthAt 'he pArthA, nAnA varNAMcI ANi AkRtIMcI mAjhI zekaDo hajAro rUpe tU bagha', ase mhaNUna kRSNa svata:cyA dehAmadhye arjunAlA virATa vizvarUpAce darzana ghaDavito. jaina zAstrAnusAra vizvanirmitI, paripAlana tathA saMhAra karaNArA taseca vizvAce virATa svarUpa svata:ta sameTU zakaNArA asA koNIhI Izvara, paramezvara athavA IzvarI avatAra nAhI. sarvajJa athavA kevalI tyAMcyA dehAta ase virATa darzana kadhIhI ghaDavata nAhIta. vizvAtIla samagra vastUMce sarva paryAyAMsahita jJAna tyAMnA hote. paraMtu tyAta satyatA asate, adbhutatA nasate. vizvadarzanAcI nusatI icchA prakaTa kelyAne te hoNAra nAhI. tyAsAThI svata:ce prayatna va sAmarthya yAMcI AvazyakatA Ahe. kRSNAcyA kathanAnusAra tyacI hI zaktI 'yaugika zaktI athavA aizvarya' Ahe. jaina matAnusAra tIrthaMkara-kevalI yAMcyAtahI azA anaMta zaktI asatAta. paraMtu koNAcyA vinaMtIvarUna athavA svata:hUnahI ApalyA yaugika zaktIMce pragaTIkaraNa jaina zAstrAsa saMmata nAhI. kRSNa jANata Ahe kI arjunAcyA carmacaDUMmadhye vizvarUpa pAhaNyAce sAmarthya nAhI. mhaNUna to mhaNato, 'divyaM dadAmi te cakSuH / ' jaina zAstrAnusAra he divyacakSu jJAnacakSu'ca asU zakatAta. kAraNa jJAnacakSUmadhyeca sarva kAhI pAhaNyAce sAmarthya asate. paraMtu he jJAnacakSu svata: kelelyA jJAnArAdhaneneca prApta hotAta, tI deNyA-gheNyAcI' vastU nAhI. jaina zAstrAnusAra kRSNa ANi arjuna dona svataMtra jIva Aheta. eka jIva kadhIhI dusar2yAcyA AdhyAtmika zaktIta hastakSepa karU zakata nAhI. virATa svarUpAce darzana ghaDavUna kRSNAne arjunAlA yuddhAcI preraNA dilI Ahe. kRSNa mhaNato, "tasmAttvamuttiSTha yazo labhasva, jitvA zatrUn bhukSva rAjyaM samRddham / mayaivaite nihatA: pUrvameva, nimittamAtraM bhava savyasAcin / / " (gI.11.33) jaina zAstrAnusAra koNatAhI vyAvahArika hetU sAdhya karaNyAsAThI, AdhyAtmika dRSTIne aparipakva asalelyA jIvAlA AMzika vizvarUpadarzana ghaDaviNe he tIrthaMkara, kevalI yAMcyAsArakhyA vItarAgI vyaktIMbAbata kevaLa asaMbhavanIya Ahe. akarAvyA adhyAyAcyA 32 te 34 yA zlokAMmadhye virATa puruSAcyA raudra rUpAce va asahanIya tejAce varNana arjuna karato. mRtyumukhAta pravAhita hoNAr2yA yoddhyAMnA baghUna arjuna bhayabhIta hoto, tharathara kApato, vyathita hote. jaina dRSTIne ApaNa ase mhaNU zakato kI sarvajJa kevalIMnA jJAnopayogAne vizvAce yathArtha jJAna jevhA hote tevhA te tyA vastuniSTha satyAcA sahaja svIkAra karatAta. tyAMcyAmadhye bhItI ANi khinnatA nirmANa hoNyAcA praznaca nAhI. 'nimittamAtraM bhava savyasAcin' hA kRSNAne arjunAlA dilelA Adeza Ahe. jaina darzanAlAhI he saMmata Ahe kI jIvAlA sukhadu:kha ityAdi prApta hoNyAsAThI vividha nimitte tyAcyA saMparkAta yeta asatAta. paraMtu koNAcyA mRtyUlA jANUnabujUna nimitta banaNyAcI preraNA deNe, he jaina darzanAcyA dRSTIne atyaMta cukIce Ahe. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 30 : gItA ANi jaina paraMparetIla 'adbhutatA' gIteta zrIkRSNAcyA vyaktimatvAcyA cAra pailUMce darzana gItecyA akarAvyA adhyAyAta hote. heca yA adhyAyAce vaiziSTya Ahe. akarAvyA adhyAyAparyaMta kRSNa hA arjunAcA baMdhU, sakhA, sArathI ANi mArgadarzaka Ahe. yA adhyAyA prathamaca kRSNa hajAro mastake, bAhu, mukhe asalelA virATa puruSa banato. raudrasvarUpI 'kALa' banUna samora yetovasmayacakita ANi bhItigrasta arjunAne vAraMvAra vaMdana ANi vinaMtI kelyAvara saumya caturbhuja viSNurUpAta disato. kAhI veLAtaca dona hAta asalelyA vAsudeva kRSNAcyA rUpAta avasthita hoto. 'yA adhyAyAtIla adbhutatA ANi romAMcakatA jaina carita ANi purANagraMthAta yete kA ?'-asA prazna vicAralyAvara tyAce uttara hokArArthI dyAve lAgate. khudda bha.mahAvIrAMcyA caritrAta adbhutatece aneka aMza ADhaLatAta. trizalA rANIcI caudA svapne ; hariNaigameSI devAMcyA dvAre devAnaMdA brAhmaNIcyA udarAtUna garbhastha bAlakAce apaharaNa ANi trizalecyA udarAta sthApanA ; aMguSThayA meruparvatAce cAlana ; tyAMce cautIsa atizaya ; gozAlakAne tejolezyA soDalyAvara yakSadvArA saMrakSaNa ; gautamAdigaNacyA manAtIla prazna jANUna tyAMce kelele samAdhAna-ase aneka adbhuta prasaMga heca siddha karatAta kI bha.mahAvIrAMcA janamAnasAvarIla prabhAva dRDha karaNyAsAThI tyAMcyA caritrakArAMnI he adbhuta aMza ANale asAveta. kRSNacaritAtIla adbhuta aMzAMzI tyAMce disUna yeNAre sAdharmya'-hIdekhIla eka lakSaNIya bAba mAnAvI lAgela. kevalIMnI 'lokapUraNa samudghAtA'cyA dvArA Apale Atmapradeza trailokyAta pasaraviNe ; A. kuMdakuMdAMce cAraNaRddhidvArA mahAvidehakSetrAta gamana ; jaina munIMce AkAzagamana, aMjanasiddhI Adi siddhIMce prayoga ; A.prabhavAMnI kelelA avasvApinI vidyecA prayoga ; sthUlibhadrAMnI siMhAce rUpa dhAraNa karaNe-ityAdi aneka adbhuta kRtyAMcI bharamAra jaina carita-purANAMmadhye disate. jara jaina yA sAr2yA adbhuta romAMcaka ghaTanAMvara vizvAsa Thevata asatIla tara vizvarUpadarzanAtIla adbhutatevara saMdeha vyakta karaNe ThIka navhe ! sArAMza donhI paraMpareta adbhutAMce aMza Aheta. ApalyAlA ekAcI adbhutatA grAhya' ANi dusar2yAcI tyAjya' ase mAnatA yeNAra nAhI. mAnale tara to ApalA sAMpradAyika abhiniveza Tharela. jara yA adbhutAMcI yojanA mahAvIracyasAta 'dharmaprabhAvanArtha' ase mAnale tara kRSNacaritAtahI tI 'dharmasaMsthApanArtha' mAnAvI lAgela. jaina sAhityAcyA cikitsaka vicAravaMtAMnI bha.mahAvIrAMcyA vyaktimatvAcA zodha gheUna ase vicAra prakaTa kele Aheta kI, tyAtIla sArI adbhutA dUra haTavilI tarIhI tyAMcyA kAryakartRtvAce mahattva ananyasAdhAraNa Ahe. hIca goSTa kRSNAcyA bAbatItahI titakIca kharI Ahe. pharaka itakAca kI doghAMcI kAryakSetre vegavegaLI hotI. bha.mahAvIra AdhyAtmika dRSTIne mahAna AtmA hote tara bha.zrIkRSNa samakAlInAMmadhye nipuNa rAjanItijJa hote. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 31 : 'karma' kazAlA mhaNatAta ? bhAratIya paraMpareta 'karma' zabda aneka arthAMnI vAparalelA disato. koNatIhI hAlacAla' mhaNaje karma, 'kRtya' agara 'kArya' yA arthAnehI 'karma' zabda vAparatAta. te kArya cAMgale asalyAsa 'satkarma' ANi vAITa asalyAsa 'duSkarma' saMbodhale jAte. 'nazIba' kiMvA 'niyati' yAMcA nirdezahI 'karma' zabdAne kelA jAto. sAmAnya vyaktIkarmAcA ullekha 'prArabdha' asAhI karate. 'karmabhoga', 'karmadharmasaMyoga' ase vAkprayoga kiMvA 'daiva dete karma nete' ase vamapracAra ekaMdarItaca bhAratIyAMcyA hADImAzI khiLale Aheta. roga, apamRtyU ityAdi vividha prakAracyA duHkhAMcI upapattI lAvaNyAsAThI 'karma', 'lalATalekha' azA zabdAMcA AdhAra vizeSaca ghetalA jAto. mAnavI prayatnAMnI je cukavatA yeta nAhI azA goSTIMcA samAveza 'karmA'ta karaNyAkaDe pravRttI disate. mhaNUnaca cArvAkAMsArakhe 'nAstika' vagaLatA bhUtAtalyA vividha vicAradhArAMnI ApApalyA tattvajJAnAta 'karmasiddhAMta', 'pUrvajanma-punarjanma' ANi 'kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha' yAMcI carcA ekatritapaNe kelelI ADhaLate. vyAkaraNazAstrAcyA dRSTIne "kartyAlA je atyaMta iSTa asate, te 'karma' hoya". "mI bhojana karato"-yA vAkyAta 'mI' hA 'kartA' ANi bhojana' he karma hoya. uttarAdhyayanasUtrAta 'kattAramevA aNujAi kamma' ase vacana Ahe. 'karma he kartyAcyA pAThopATha jAte'-he vAkya vyAkaraNAcyA dRSTIne jitake barobara Ahe titakeca tattvajJAnAcyadRSTInehI barobara Ahe. yajJAlA prAdhAnya deNAre 'mImAMsA' nAvAce darzana 'yajJIya kriyAkAMDAlA' 'karma' mhaNatAta. 'udarabharaNanohe jANije yajJakarma' ase mhaNatAnA ApalyAlAhI hAca artha apekSita asato. 'bAhya upacAra, avaDaMbara' yA sarvAMnA 'karmakAMDa' mhaNaNyAkaDehI ApalA kala asato. 'vaizeSika' darzana tyAMcyA viziSTa paribhASeta 'karma' zabdAcA artha noMdavate. sAMkhya darzanAta 'karma' zabda 'saMsAra' (janma-mRtyu-saMsaraNa) yA arthAnehI AlelA disato. mahAbhAratAta AtmyAlA bAMdhaNAr2yA zaktIlA 'karma' mhaTale Ahe. zAMtiparvAta ase vacana Ahe kI, 'prANI karmAne bAMdhalA jAtAva vidyene mukta hoto.' (zAMti.240.7) 'aMguttara-nikAya' yA bauddha graMthAta samrATa miliMdAcyA praznAlA uttara detAnA bhikSU nAgasena mhaNatAta, 'he rAjan, karmAMcyA vividhatemuLe mANasAMmadhye vividhatA yete. sarva prANI tyAMcyA tyAMcyA karmAMce uttarAdhikArI Aheta. apale karma hAca baMdhU, AzrayasthAna Ahe.' azokAcyA zilAlekhAtIla 9 vyA sUcaneta karmAMcyA prabhAvAneca vyaktI saukhyabho ghete'-asA Azaya vyakta kelA gelA Ahe. pAtaMjalayogasUtrAtIla dusar2yA sAdhanapAdAta 'karmAzaya-tyAMce vipAkapApa-puNya' yAMcI carcA yete. gItecyA aTharAhI adhyAyAta vegavegaLyA saMdarbhAta karmaviSayaka ullekha yetAta. karma, akarma, vikarma, naiSkarmya, sAttvika-rAjasa-tAmasa karma - azA prakArace ullekha saMpUrNa gIteta vikhuralelyA svarUpAta disatAta. karmasiddhAMtAcI ekatrita sughaTa mAMDaNI gIteta nAhI. prAsaMgika va saMvAdasvarUpa gIteta tI tazI asaNe apekSitahI nAhI. jaina paraMpareta 'karmasiddhAMta' hA saMpUrNa AcArazAstrAcA pAyA asalyAne kevaLa yA viSayAlA vAhilele akSaraza: zekaDo lahAnamoThe graMtha upalabdha Aheta. jaina vAGmayAta 'karmasAhitya' hI eka svataMtra zAkhAca Ahe. tyAkherIja tattvapradhAna, kathApradhAna graMthAMta, itakeca kAya purANa ANi caritagraMthAMtasuddhA veLoveLI karmasiddhAMta upadezarUpAnAMsalelA disato. vAcakaho, yApuDhIla kAhI lekhAMmadhye gItetIla karmaviSayaka vicArAMcA jaina dRSTIne artha lAvaNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 32 : karmaNyevAdhikAraste niSkAma karmayogAcI mahatI sAMgaNArA gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAtalA hA 47 vA zloka, adhyAyakramAnusAra karmavicAra pAhU lAgalo tara pahilAca zloka Ahe. dusar2yA adhyAyAcA ekaMdara rokha, 'tasmAduttiSTha kaunteya yuddhAya kRtanizcayaH' (arjunA, UTha ANi yuddha kara) asAca Ahe. AtmyAce svarUpa sAMgUna jhAlyAvara 31 vyA zlokApAsUna kRSNAcA vyAvahArika upadeza surU hoto. prastuta zlokAta kRSNa mhaNato, "karma karaNyApuratAca tujhA adhikAraAhe, phaLAvara tujhA adhikAra nAhI. phalAzA manAta ThevUna karma karU nakosa. (pApAcyA bhItIne) karma TALaNyAkaDe tujhA kala nasAvA." lo. TiLaka yA zlokAlA 'niSkAma karmayogAcI catu:sUtrI' mhaNatAta. varakaraNI pAhatA, yAta tarkasaMgatIcyA dRSTIne ANi jaina dRSTInehI aneka visaMgatI jANavatAta. tyA prathama praznarUpAne upasthita karU. 'adhikAra' zabdAcA nakkI artha kAya ? adhikArAta nivaDIce svAtaMtrya' asate. pratyeka kAmAbAbata ApalyAlA tase asate kA ? karmAcA jo kartA asato toca bhoktAhI asato. mhaNaje 'adhikAra' aso vA naso pratyeka karmAce phaLa anivAryapaNe bhoAyaceca Ahe. dhyeyaprAptI, uddiSTa yAMnA 'phalAzA' mAnale tara, tI ThevalyAzivAya kAma karaNe zakya Ahe kA ? vinAprayojana kAma tara 'maMda' vyaktIhI karaNAra nAhI. ___ "(hiMsArUpa) pApApAsUna suTakA vhAvI mhaNUna aneka prakAracI 'sAvadha karme' TALAvIta' asA upadeza tara aneka jaina graMthAMta yeto. maga yA catu:sUtrIcA artha lAvAyacA kasA ? ___pahilI goSTa azI kI hI cAra karmaviSayaka vidhAne arjunAce kSatriyatva ANi gRhasthatva lakSAta gheUna kelelA prAsaMgika upadeza Ahe. tyAce karmasiddhAMtAta rUpAMtara karatA yeta nAhI. pApAcyA bhItIne arjunAne kelelA palAmavAda kRSNAlA mAnya nAhI mhaNUna hA sallA Ahe. __ cAturvarNyavyavasthA ANi vizeSata: jAtivyavasthA jaina ANi bauddha doghAMnIhI veLoveLI nAkAralI. jainAMnI dhArmika AcArAcyA dRSTIne 'gRhasthadharma' ANi 'sAdhudharma' sAMgitalA. yA donhI AcArAtahI niyamAvalI ghAlUna dile. AtA jaina dRSTIne tIca tyAMcI kartavyakarme' TharatAta. 'bArA vrate' kiMvA 'akarA pratimA' zrAvaka-zrAvikAMnI adarapUrvaka grahaNa karAvI ANi niSThApUrvaka pALAvI azI apekSA Ahe. pAca mahAvrate ANi gupti-samitI ityAdIMce pAlana sAdhu-sAdhvIMkaDUna apekSita Ahe. 'nidAna' (mhaNaje viziSTa uddiSTAne) tapa karU naye-asA Adeza Ahe. saMthArA dhAraNa karatAnA 'jIvitAzaMsA' va 'maraNAzaMsA' donhI ThevU naye-ase sAMgitale. hAca to phalAzecA tyAga' Ahe.'mA te saGgo astu akarmaNi'-yAcI jaina dRSTIne azIhI upapattI lAvatA yeIla kI, 'svayaMpAka i. karaNyAne agnikAkika, jalakAyika, vanaspatikAyikAMcI hiMsA hote. mhaNUna mI svayaMpAkaca karaNAra nAhI' asA palAyanavAda tara jaina zrAvikekaDUnahI apekSita nAhI. jaina gRhasthAne upajIvikesAThI vyavasAya karatAnA 'niSiddha vyavasAya' TALAveta paraMtu 'pApa lAgela' mhaNUna koNatAca vyavasAya karU naye-ase jaina zAstrahI sAMgata nAhI. zrAvakAne soyIpurate sAdhUsArakhe vAgaNe ANi sAdhUne veLoveLI sababI sAMgUna zrAvakAMsArakhe vAgaNe jainazAstrAcyA kaDaka AcArapraNAlIta basata nAhI. sArAMza kAya, varNavyavasthA va jAtivyavasthA nAkAralI tarI 'niSkAma karmayoga' jaina pariprekSyAtahI bar2yAca aMzI lAgU paDato.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 33 : karmAMcA lepa ANi AvaraNa AjacyA lekhApAsUna ApaNa karmasiddhAMtAcyA mAMDaNItIla mukhya viSayAlA prAraMbha karaNAra Ahota. karmAMcyA bAbatIta tIna padAvalI jaina ANi hiMdU donhI paraMpareta vAraMvAra vAparaNyAta yetAta. tyA mhaNaje, 'karmAMcA lepa', 'karmAMce AvaraNa' ANi 'karmAMcA baMdha'. jIvAlA arthAt jIvAtmyAlA tyAne kelelyA pratyeka karmAcA jaNU kAhI lepa basata asato. gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAta kRSNa svata:cAca dAkhalA deUna sAMgato, 'na mAM karmANi limpanti, na me karmaphale spRhA' (gI.4.14). pAcavyA adhyAyAtIla kamalapatrAcyA dRSTAMtAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'paramAtmyAcyA ThikANI karme ThevUna, jo nirAsakta rAhato to pANyAtIla kamalapatrApramANe, saMsArAta rAhUnahI pApAne lipta hota nAhI'. jaina zAstrAne karmAMcyA lepAcA vicAra adhika sUkSmatene kelA Ahe. tyAMce mhaNaNe ase kI karma mhaTale kI 'lepa' hA AlAca. nirAsakta rAhile tara to lepa halakA' asela. durbhAvanA (kaSAya) ThevUna karma kele tara to 'makA' asela. jaina dRSTIne kRSNa hA vAsudeva' Ahe. tyAcI nirAsaktI, zreSThatA, prabhAva jainAMnAhI mAnya Ahe. mhaNUnatara to 'zalAkApuruSa' Ahe. kRSNAce AyuSya aneka ghaTanAMnI gajabajalele Ahe. to satata kAryarata Ahe. tyAcIhI karmacA lepa, AvaraNa agara baMdha yAtUna suTakA nAhI. mhaNUna tara to kRSNAcyA janmAtUna 'mokSagAmI' jhAlA nAhI. tyA sarva karmalepAtUna mukta jhAlyAvara bhAvI kALAta to tIrthaMkara' hoNAra Ahe. 'karma kele kI lepa agara baMdha AlAca'-yajaina caukaTItUna vicAra kelA tara he paTavUna ghyAyalA kAhI harakata nAhI. kRSNazraddhelA dhakkA basaNAra asela tara tyAMnI hA vicAra soDUna dyAvA. karmAMcyA lepAcA dRSTAMta jaina paraMpareta atyaMta ruLalelA Ahe. ekA bhopaLyAvara ATha lepa ekAvara eka caDhalele Aheta. bhopaLyAta vastuta: pANyAvara taraMgaNyAcI zaktI Ahe. tarIhI to ATha lepAMmuLe 'jaDa' banato va jalAzayAcyA taLAparyaMta jAto. pANyAcA pariNAma hoUna jasajasA eka-eka lepa dUra hoIla tasatasA to varatI yeU lAgela. lepa pUrNa dUra jhAlyAvara jalAzayAcyA pRSThabhAgAvara taraMgU lAgela. tasAca jIvAtmA Ahe. jaina zAstrAnusAra 'jJAnAvaraNIya', 'darzanAvaraNIya', 'vedanIya', 'mohanIya', 'AyuSka', 'nAma', 'gotra' ANi 'aMtarAya' azI ATha prakAracI karme Aheta. anAdi kALApAsUna saMsArAta bhramaNa karaNAr2yA jIvAlA yAce lepa basalele Aheta. mAnavI jIvanAta saMyama ANi tapAne lepa 'jIrNa' karatA yetAta. ase 'Dhile' kiMvA 'jIrNa' lepa jIvApAsUna dU hoNe mhaNaje karmanirjarA' hoya. lepa pUrNa dUra jhAle kI vara varNana kelelyA bhopaLyApramANe jIva 'UrdhvagAmI' hoto. mokSagAmI hoto. uttarAdhyayanAta 'jayaghoSa muni' mhaNatAta-'uvalevo hoi bhogesu, abhogI novalippaI' (utta.25.4). 'karmAce AvaraNa' hI padAvalI dekhIla gItA ANi jaina graMthAta samAna disate. gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'dhurAne jasA agnI, dhuLIne jasA ArasA ANi vArene jasA garbha, tase kAma-krodha ityAdIMnI jJAna jhAkale jAte' (gI.3.38-39). karmAMcyA AvaraNazaktI'cA asAca ullekha aTharAvyA adhyAyAtahI yeto. jaina karmazAstrAnusAra ATha karmAMpaikI prathama dona karmAMcI nAveca muLI 'jJAnAvaraNIya' ANi 'darzanAvaraNIya' azI Aheta. 'karmalepa' agara 'karmAvaraNa' he kevaLa bhAvAtmaka Ahe kI dravyAtmaka Ahe ?-yAcA khulAsA gIteta disata nAhI. jaina karmazAstrApramANe mAtra karmAMcehI atisUkSma paramANu asatAta. te jIvAlA 'lipta' va 'AvRta' karatAta. tyAMceca sUkSma 'kArmaNa zarIra' banate. te zarIra mRtyUnaMtara pratyeka jIvAbarobara puDhIla janmAta jAta asate. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 34 : karmAMcA baMdha vAcakaho, kAlacyA lekhAta ApaNa 'karmAMcA lepa ANi AvaraNa' yA saMkalpanAMcI carcA kelI. paraMtu karmasiddhAMtAtIla sarvAta mahattvAcI saMkalpanA Ahe 'karmAMcA baMdha' karmasiddhAMta mAnaNAr2yA sarvaca bhAratIya vicAradhA 'karmAMnI baddha hoNe' ANi 'karmAMpAsUna mukta hoNe' hI padAvalI svIkAralelI disate. AjacyA lekhAta gItecyA sarva adhyAyAta vikhuralele 'karmabaMdhA'ce svarUpa ekatritapaNe pAhU. gItenusAra, sarva prakAracyA kAyika, vAcika ANi mAnasika hAlacAlI mhaNaje 'karma'. jaina zAstrAnusArahI 'kAyavAGmana:karma yoga:' (tattvArtha 6.1) arthAt jaina paribhASeta trividha karmAMnA 'kAyayoga', 'manoyoga' va 'vaccAyoga' ase mhaNatAta. gIteta 'yoga' zabda aneka arthAMnI vAparalA Ahe. paNa hA viSaya vegaLA asalyAne vegaLyA lekhAta pAhU. kAyika i. tIna karmAMnI jIvAtmyAsa 'baMdha' hota asato. karmAMzivAya tara kSaNabharahI rahANe zakya nAhI (gI. 3.5). gItecA sarvAta adhika bhara Ahe to karmAMcyA baMdhakatvAvara. 'karmabhiH na sa badhyate', 'AtmavantaM na karmANi nibadhnanti dhanaMjaya', 'mokSyase karmabandhanaiH' ase karmabaMdhAce ullekha theTa aTharAvyA adhyAyAparyaMta yetAta. 'prakRti'ce sattva, raja ANi tama he guNa jIvAtmyAlA zarIrAzI kase bAMdhUna ThevatAta yAce varNana 14 vyA adhyAyAta yete. sattvaguNa sukhAcyA ANi jJAnAcyA AsaktIne bAMdhato. rajoguNa tRSNecyA AsaktIne bAMdhato. tamoguNa pramAda, ALasa va nidrena bAMdhato. yA baMdhAmuLe kramAne zubha va azubha phaLe miLata asalI tarI AtmakalyANAcyA dRSTIne sarva 'baMdha'ca Aheta. jaina zAstrAtahI suvarNAcyA va lokhaMDAcyA beDIcA dRSTAMta nehamIca deNyAta yeto. karmAMnI baMdha hoto mhaNUna karme karaNe thAMbaviNehI zakya nAhI kAraNa karmAMzivAya 'zarIrayAtrA' cAlaNAra kazI ? (gI.3.24) hA moThAca pecaprasaMga Ahe. karme karaNe bhAga Ahe. tyAMcA baMdha hoNehI aTaLaca Ahe. gItene karmadhanAtUna suTakece mArgahI sucavile Aheta. anAsaktI, niSkAmatA, phalAzA soDaNe, karme paramezvarArpaNa karaNe, sthitaprajJatA, samatva-azA vividha zabdAvalItUna he mArga sUcita hotAta. gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAta 'gahanA karmaNo gatiH' ase vidhAna yete. tetheca karma, vikarma (niSiddha karma) ANi akarma (anAsakta karma) yAMcehI ullekha yetAta. yajJa, yajJIya karme ANi tyAMce baMdhakatva - abaMdhakatva yAsaMbaMdhIce gItecyA tisar2yA adhyAyAta vyakta kelele vicAra mAtra jaina vicAracaukaTIta basU zakata nAhIta. gItA mhaNate - yajJa hA karmasamudbhava Ahe. karma he brahmasamudbhava (brahmadeva athavA vedAMpAsUna udbhavalele) Ahe. brahma he akSarasamudbhava (paramAtmyApAsUna utpanna) Ahe. yAstava 'yajJIya karme soDUna itara sarva karme baMdhaka hotAta. ' yajJIya karmAMcA kelelA hA apavAda jaina zAstrAlA muLIca mAnya nAhI. gItecyA aneka vyAkhyAkArAMnI 'yajJa' zabdAcA artha badalaNyAcA yethe prayatna kelA Ahe. paraMtu gIteta yajJAcI (pratyakSa karmakAMDAtmaka dravyapradhAna yajJAcI) bhalAvaNa aneka adhyAyAta kelI Ahe. yajJAta koNakoNatyA prakAre jIvahiMsA hote, he AdhIcyA lekhAta carcile asalyAne yethe punaruktI karIta nAhI. tAtparya kAya ? jaina dRSTIne yajJIya karmehI baMdhakaca Aheta. tattvArthasUtrAcyA AThavyA adhyAyAce nAvaca Ahe 'baMdha' - arthAtaca karmAMcA baMdha. kiMbahunA, jainazAstrAta navatattvAMce saMpUrNa prArUpaca baMdha ANi baMdhamuktI yAvara AdhArita Ahe. tyAcA vicAra udyAcyA lekhAta karU.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 35 : karmabaMdhAce prakAra gItene karmabaMdhAcA vicAra vAraMvAra kelA asalA ANi 'karmabaMdhApAsUna saMpUrNa muktI mhaNaje mokSa' - ase sAMgitale asale tarI 'karmabaMdha' yA viSayAvarace jaina zAstrakArAMce ciMtana ANi pratipAdana kitItarI sUkSma ANi udAharaNadRSTAMtAMnI atyaMta jivaMta ANi pratyayakArI ase disUna yete. jaina tattvajJAna naU tattvAMmadhye basavilele Ahe. jIva (consciousness, energy) ANi ajIva (matter) he anAdi kALApAsUna ekamekAMcyA saMparkAta Ahe. kevaLa 'ajIva' tattva pudgalarUpAne (paramANu kiMvA skaMdharUpAne) svataMtrapaNe disU zakela paNa 'jIva' tattva, yA lokAta, 'ajIva' tattvAcyA saMparkAzivAya rAhU zakata nAhI. jIvaajIva saMparka mhaNaje karme AlIca. tI kAyika- vAcika-mAnasika tInahI prakAracI Aheta. hI karme jIvAmadhye satata sravata, praveza karIta rahAtAta. heca 'Asrava' tattva hoya. Asravita jhAlelI karme jIvAtmyAlA bAMdhatAta. he 'baMdha' tattva hoya. Asrava-baMdha prakriyA anaMta kALApAsUna cAlU asalyAne ApalyA karmabaMdhAMcA ThAva sAmAnya mANasAlA ghetA yeta nAhI. karmAMpAsUna muktI havI asela tara prathama Ata yeta rahANArI karme thAMbavalI pAhijeta. tyAMnA rokhaNe mhaNaje 'saMvara' tattva hoya. saMvarAcI sAdhane aneka Aheta. vratadhAraNA ANi saMyamapAlana hI tyAta mukhya Aheta. bAherUna yeNAra karmAsrava rokhaNe jitake Avazyaka Ahe titakAca AdhIcyA karmAMcA kSaya karaNe Avazyaka Ahe. heca 'nirjarA' tattva hoya. 'pApa' ANi 'puNya' hI svataMtra tattve nAhIta", ase kAhI ciMtakAMce mata Ahe. 'Asrava' ANi 'baMdha' yA tattvAMmadhye tyAMcA aMtarbhAta karatA yeto. sarva karmAMcA pUrNa kSaya hoUna jIvAcI zuddha caitanyAvasthA mhaNaje 'mokSa' tattva hoya. tattvArthasUtrAcyA AThavyA adhyAyAta karmabaMdha, tyAce pAca hetU, karmabaMdhAce svarUpa, tyAce prakAra, karmAMcyA ATha mULa prakRtI ANi uttaraprakRtI yAMcI carcA khUpaca vistArAne yete. pratyeka jIva hA kaSAyayukta (krodha, ahaMkAra,krapaTa, lobha i.nI yukta) asalyAne to sUkSma karmapudgalAMce grahaNa karato. AtmyAcA va karmapudgalAMcA hA saMbaMdha mhaNerjabaMdha' hoya. jasA divA hA vAtIcyA mArphata telAce grahaNa karUna ApalyA uSNatene tyAlA jyotIcyA rUpAta prakaTa karatotasA jIva kaSAyarUpa vikAravAsanAMnI, yogya tyA pudgalAMce grahaNa karUna te karmarUpAta pariNata karato. jJAnAlA, darzanAlA AvRta karaNe, sukha-duHkha deNe ityAdI pratyeka karmAce je svabhAva Aheta tyA svabhAvAcI nirmitI mhaNaje 'prakRtibaMdha' hoya. jyA prakArace karma jIvAMnI bAMdhale, te kitI kALa jIvAbarobara rahANAra takkAlamaryAdA hA 'sthitibaMdha' hoya. karme bAMdhatAnA tI kitI tIvratene agara maMdatene bAMdhalI Aheta hA 'anubhAvabaMdha' hoya. yAtIvramaMdatelAca 'anubhAga', 'rasa' agara 'vipAka' azI nAve Aheta. arthAt karmAMcI vividha phaLe deNyAcI zaktI hA 'anubhAva' hoya. grahaNa kelelI karmarAzI ApApalyA svabhAvAnusAra pariNamita hoUna AtmapradezAMzI bAMdhalI jANe mhaNaje 'pradezabaMdha' hoya. pAribhASika zabdAMmuLe kAhIse kliSTa vATaNAre he baMdhAce cAra prakAra udAharaNAdvAre samajAvUna gheU. gAya ityAdI prANyAMnI gavatacArA khAllyAnaMtara to dudhAta pariNata hoto tevhA svabhAvata:ca tyAta mAdhurya nirmANa hote, hA prakRtibaMdha hoya. dudhAcA hA svabhAva kitI kALAparyaMta kAyama rahANAra yAcI kAlamaryAdAhI tyAta tayAra hete, hA sthitibaMdha hoya. tyA dudhAcyA madhurateta jI tIvratA - maMdatA asate, to anubhAgabaMdha hoya. yA dudhAce je paudgalika ( paramANUMpAsUna hoNAre) pariNAma Aheta to pradezabaMdha hoya.

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jaina zAstrAta sAMgitalele karmabaMdhAce pAca hetU (kAraNe) gItetUna kazI pratIta hotAta te puDhIla lekhAta pAhU. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 36 : karmabaMdhAce hetU (kAraNe) (1) 'karmAMcA baMdha kazAkazAne hoto ?' yA praznAce uttara detAnA jaina zAstrAne tyAcI pAca gaTAta vargavArI kelI ase. tase pAhile tara asaMkhya kAraNe sAMgatA yetIla. paraMtu ziSyAMnA bodha deNyAsAThI karmabaMdhAce pAca hetU tattvArthastrAta namUda kele Aheta. tyAMcI pAribhASika nAve Aheta-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya ANi yoga. karmabaMdhAcyA hetUMcI nAve gIteta jazIcyA tazI yeNe zakya nAhI. paraMtu pratyekAcA bhAvArtha lakSAta ghetalA tara gIteta pAcahI baMdhahetUMcI carcA vividha ThikANI ADhaLate. yA pAcahI saMkalpanA nITa samajAvUna ghyAyacyA asatIla tara pAca svataMtra lekha lihAve lAgatIla. vizeSataH 'mithyAtva' ANi 'samyaktva' yA viSayAvara jaina AcAryAMnI svataMtra graMtha lihile Aheta. vyavahAranayAne ANi nizcayanayona dohoMcyA vividha prakAracyA vyAkhyA kelelyA disatAta. sAmAnyata: ase mhaNatA yeIla kI jyA goSTI vastuta: zraddheya nAhIta-tyA goSTIMnA, vyAvahArika lAbhAkaDe najara ThevUna zraddheya mAnaNe, tyAMce pUjana-upAsanA karaNe he mithyAtvahoya. vividha prakAracyA lahAnamoThyA devatAMcI upAsanA-pUjA karaNe he gItelAhI mAnya nAhI, ase disate. cauthyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, kAMkSantaH karmaNAM siddhiM yajanta iha devatAH / kSipraM hi mAnuSe loke siddhirbhavati karmajA / / (gI.4.12) bhAvArtha asA kI tAtkAlika aihika lAbhAMsAThI loka devadevatA pUjatAta. tyAMcyA kAmanAMcI pUrtIhI hote. paMtu tyAne AtmakalyANa agara paramAtmaprAptI mAtra hoNe zakya nAhI. 17 vyA adhyAyAta asehI mhaTale Ahe kI sAttvika loka devAMcI, rAjasa loka yakSarAkSasAMcI ANi tAmasa loka bhUtapretAMcI upAsanA karatAta. devapUjanAne suddhA puNya ANi svargaphalaca prApta hote. 'yo yacchraddhaH sa eva saH' (gI.17.3) yA kathanAnusAra gItelA AdhyAtmika pragatIsAThI 'samyak zraddhA'ca apekSita Ahe ase disate. mhaNajeca paryAyAne anAThAyI zraddhA arthAt 'mithyAtva' karmabaMdhAkaDe neNAre Ahe-asA gItecA abhiprAya disato. zraddhAhInapaNe kelelyA goSTIMnA gItene tAmasa' mhaTale Ahe. bAhyata: iMdriyanigraha karUna jI vyaktI manAne kAmabhogAMce ciMta, smaraNa karate, azA vyaktIcyA AcaraNAlA gItene 'mithyAcAra' ase saMbodhale Ahe. karmabaMdhAcA dusarA hetU Ahe 'avirati'! mhaNaje doSAMpAsUna virata na hoNe. arthAt 'ApalyA aMgacyA doSAMpAsa ApalyAlA dUra jAyace Ahe', 'doSa kADhUna TAkAyace Aheta', yAcI jANIva na ThevaNe. gItecyA soLAvyA adhyayAta AsurI pravRttIcyA lokAMce varNana yete. tyA varNanAcA ekaMdara abhiprAya asA Ahe kI krUra, dAMbhika, ahaMkArI loka hiMsA, asatya, caurya ityAdI avratAM'cyA AhArI jAtAta. pariNAmI adhikAdhika dRDha karmabaMdha karUna ghora narakAta jAUna vAraMvAra saMsArabhramaNa karatAta. soLAvyA adhyAyAcyA 10 vyA zlokAtIla 'azucivrata' hA zabda 'avirati' yA baMdhahetUzI atizaya miLatAjuLatA Ahe. karmabaMdhAcyA 'mithyAtva' ANi 'avirati' yA dona hetUMcA vicAra AjacyA lekhAta kelA. 'pramAda', 'kaSAya' ANi 'yoga' yA tIna hetaMcA vicAra udyAcyA lekhAta karU. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 37 : karmabaMdhAce hetU (kAraNe) (2) karmAcA baMdha hoNyAce tisare kAraNa mhaNaje 'pramAda' pramAda - apramAda, pramattatA - apramattatA - yA goSTIMnA jaina AcArazAstrAta ananyasAdhAraNa mahattva Ahe. durlakSa, asAvadhAnI, bephikirI, vismaraNa-azA aneka arthachaTAMcA 'pramAdA'ta samAveza hoto. 'gautamA, tU kSaNabharahI pramAda karU nakosa' he bha. mahAvIrAMce zabda yAbAbata vAraMvAra uddhRta karaNyAta yetAta. pramAda mhaNaje AtmavismaraNa. cAMgalyA kAryAMviSayI anAdara ! kartavya-akartavya jANaNyAta kelelA besAvadhapaNA. sadaiva sAvadha rahANyAcA izArA gItetahI dilA Ahe. 'tAmasa sukhA'ce varNana karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, 'yadagre cAnubandhe ca sukhaM mohanamAtmanaH / nidrAlasyapramAdotthaM tattAmasamudAhRtam / / ' ( gI. 18.39) gIteta'apramAda' yA zabdAsAThI 'atandrita' arthAt 'sAvadhAna' yA zabdAcA upayoga kelA Ahe. Azaya asA kI nidrA, ALasa, kAmacukArapaNA i. sarva varakaraNI sukhakAraka vATale tarI aMtimataH AtmyAlA karmabaMdha nirmANa karaNAre TharatAta. karmabaMdhAcA cauthA hetU Ahe 'kaSAya'. jaina paribhASeta krodha, mAna (garva, ahaMkAra), mAyA (DhoMga, kapaTa) aNi lobha yA caukaDIlA 'kaSAya' mhaNatAta. he cAra rAga (AsaktI) ANi dveSAcIca rUpAMtare hota. yAzivAya moha, kama, matsara, daMbha i. sarva durguNAMcIhI kaSAyAMmadhye gaNanA karatA yeIla. he durguNa AtmyAcA zuddha, zAMta svabhAva gaDhULakarUna TAkatAta. tyAmuLe yAMcyA AhArI gelelI vyaktI karmabaMdhAcI bhAgIdAra hote. jyAMcI ' SaDripu' mhaNUna gaNanAkelI jAte teca he kaSAya hota. tyAMce duSpariNAma sAMgaNAre akSaraza: asaMkhya zloka gIteta yetAta. 'kAma eSa krodha eSa rajoguNasamudbhavaH" (gI. 3.36) yA zlokAta kAmakrodhAMnA mahAna agnI, sarvabhakSaka, pApI zatrU mhaTale Ahe. daMbha, darpa, abhimAna, krodha, kaThoratA ANi ajJAna yAMnA 'AsurI saMpattI' mhaTale Ahe (gI16.4). kAmabhAvanA iMdriye-mana-buddhI yA sarvAMnA vyApUna TAkate. jIvAtmyAlA mohita karate. "kAmI puruSa kAmanAMcyA dvArA bAMdhalA jAto" asA karmabaMdhavicAra pAcavyA adhyAyAta yeto. karmabaMdhAcA pAcavA hetU Ahe 'yoga'. mhaNaje mana-vacana-kAyecI hAlacAla. jaina zAstrAne yA yogAMce zubhaazubha ase dona prakAra sAMgUna donhIhI aMtimata: baMdhakAraka Aheta ase mhaTale Ahe. gItecA abhiprAyahI sAmAnyata asA disato kI rAgadveSayukta hoUna kelelI zArIrika, vAcika, mAnasika karme baMdhaka hotAta. karmabaMdhAce 'sAmparAyika' ANi 'IryApathika' asehI dona prakAra jaina zAstrAta yetAta. karmabaMdhAcyA hetUMce sAmAnya varNana gIteta asale tarI tattvArthasUtrAcyA sahAvyA ANi AThavyA adhyAyAta yeNArI karmaviSayaka sUkSma, samagra ANi paddhatazIra cikitsA he jaina zAstrAce vaiziSTya mhaNAve lAgela. ************

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 38 : gItA karmaparaka Ahe ANi jaina dharma ? 'zrImad-bhagavad-gItA hA graMtha karmapravaNatelA prAdhAnya deNArA Ahe' he navyAne sAMgaNyAcI garaja nAhI. AraMbha ANi upasaMhAra pAhilA asatA ticI karmaparakatA atizaya suspaSTa Ahe. 'karmaNyevAdhikAraste', 'na hi kazcitkSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt', 'niyataM kuru karma tvaM', 'tasmAdasaktaH satataM kAryaM karma samAcara', 'sve sve karmaNyabhirataH saMsiddhiM labhate naraH'-azI preraka vacane gIteta sarvatra vikhuralelI Aheta. mhaNUnaca lo.TiLaka gItelA 'karmayogazAstra' mhaNatAta. 'yajJa, veda ANi varNAzramadharmAcI bhalAvaNa'-yA goSTI gItecyA kityeka abhyAsakAMnA rucata nAhIta. gItetalyA laMbyAcauDyA viSayAMtarAMvarahI anekAMnA AkSe Ahe. ___ tarIhI nirAsaktapaNe kAma karIta rahANyAcA ticA saMdeza, 'lokasaMgrahArtha' karme karAvIta-yAtUna gItelA asalele sAmAjika bhAna ANi kliSTa tattvajJAna va karmakAMDAtUna bhaktiyogA'cyA rUpAne sarvasAmAnyAMsAThI kADhalelI vATayAmuLe bhagavad-gItene janamAnasAvara cAMgalIca pakaDa basavalelI Ahe. saMta jJAnezvarAMsArakhyA saMnyAzAlAhI tI prAkRtA ANAvIzI vATalI. svAmI vivekAnaMdAMnI jagabharAtIla taruNAIlA ticyA AdhAre bodha dilA. ____ yA pariprekSyAta jaina dharma kasA disato ? aneka abhyAsakAMnI TharavUnaca TAkale kI brAhmaNa (vaidika, hiMdU) paraMparA pravRttigAmI Ahe ANi zramaNaparaMparA nivRttigAmI Ahe. saMyama, dIkSA, viraktI, tyAga, tapa yAMcI varNane jaina sAhityata ANi upadezAta ThAyI ThAyI disUna yetAta. 'he tyAgA', he soDA', 'hyAlA Avara ghAlA', 'he parimita karA' azA padAvalItUna Ama samAjAparyaMta jaina dharmAcI nivRttIca pohocalI. vastusthitI hI Ahe kI jaina vicAradhAreta sAdhudharma khaDatara Ahe. mojakyA, pUrNa viraktAMsAThI sAdhudharmAce prAvadhAna Ahe. gRhastha agara zrAvakavarga khUpa moThA asaNe apekSita Ahe. bha.mahAvIrAMnI 'uTThie, No pamAyae'-uThA, pramAda (ALasa) karU nakA-asAca saMdeza dilA Ahe. zrAvakadharmAcyA pAlanAcyA pAyar2yA agara Tappe lakSAta ghetale tara tI kramAkramAne nirAsaktIkaDe kelelI vATacAla Ahe aseca disate. haLUhaLU 'niSkAma' kase vhAve yAcA to vastupATha Ahe. tyAgahI yathAzakti', 'jhepela tevaDhAca' Ahe. ___ jaina AcAryAMnI veLoveLI samakAlIna prAkRta bhASAMmadhye kelelI pracaMDa sAhityanirmitI sAdhuvargAcIhI kAryapravaNamA dAkhavate. nirAsaktIsAThI sAdhu-sAdhvIMnA akhaMDa vihArapravRttI sAMgitalI Ahe. gRhasthAvasthetahI 'kevalI' jhAlelyA 'kUrmAputrA'sArakhA karmayogI jaina dharmAtahI Ahe. jaina zrAvakAMcyA kAryapravaNatecI pratIke Aheta tyAMcyA dAnadharmAtUna ubhI rAhilelI maMdire, zilpe, guMphA, staMbha mUrtI, citre ANi zilAlekha ! jaina dharmIyAMce bhAratIya kalA ANi saMskRtisaMvardhanAtIla yogadAna abhUtapUrvaca mhaNAve lAgela. vyApAra, zetI, sAhitya ANi kalAnirmitI yAsAThI pracaMDa kAryapravaNatA lAgate nA ? tI tyAMnI jaina vicAradhAreta rAhUnaca jopAsalI nA ? RSabhadevAMcA vArasA japaNArA jinAnuyAyI varga prasaMgI pravRttipara Ahe ANi prasaMgI nivRttiparahI Ahe. pravRtti-nivRttIcA tola sAMbhALataca jaina paraMparA bha.mahAvIrAMnaMtara 2600 varSe Apale astitva samarthapaNe TikavUna Ahe. doSa kuNAta nasatAta ? koNatIca paraMparA tyAlA apavAda nAhI. kALAnarUpadApakUNAta nasatAta.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 39 : yadA yadA hi dharmasya paurANika hiMdU dharmAta dRDhamUla jhAlelI avatAravAdAcI saMkalpanA spaSTa karaNyAsAThI gItecyA cauthyA adhyAyAtIla 7 vA ANi 8 vA zloka nehamIca uddhRta kelA jAto. dUradarzanavarIla 'mahAbhArata' mahAmAlikene zIrSakagIta mhaNUna nivaDalyAne te zloka lahAnathora sarvAMnAca mukhodgata jhAle. kRSNa svata:ca arjunAlA sAMgata Ahe-"he bhAratA ! UhA jevhA dharmAlA glAnI yete ANi adharma baLAvato, tevhA tevhA mI ApalyA yogamAyene svata:lA prakaTa karato. sajvAMcyA paritrANAsAThI, duSTAMcyA nirdAlanAsAThI ANi dharmAcI punarsthApanA karaNyAsAThI mI yugAyugAta janma gheta asato' jaina dRSTIne yAcI mImAMsA karatAnA prathama he lakSAta ghetale pAhije kI avatArAMcI tulanA tIrthaMkarAMzI karatA yeta nAhI. doghAMcI jIvanoddiSTe bhinna bhinna Aheta. tIrthaMkara dharmatIrthAcyA sthApanece kArya karIta asale tarI svata:cyA atyucca AdhyAtmika vikAsAcyA zikharAvara atulanIya puruSArthAne ArUDha jhAlyAnaMtara, urvarita AyuSya te dharmopadezme sArthakI lAvatAta. duSTAMce nirdAlana pratyakSa yuddha AdIMcyA dvAre te kadhIca karIta nAhIta. 'ekaca jIva (AtmA) yugAyugAta puna:punhA janma gheto', hI saMkalpanA tIrthaMkarAMcyA saMdarbhAta yogya Tharata nAhI. kAraNa tIrthaMkara mokSAmI jIva Aheta. tyAMce punarAgamana saMbhavata nAhI.. zivAya "dharmAcI glAnI ANi adharmAcA bujabujATa' azA mokyAcyA prasaMgI hetupUrvaka janma gheNe he tIrthaMkarAMcyAhI hAtAta nAhI. tyAMnI tara janmojanmI karmakSaya karUna tIrthaMkara-nAma-gotrAcA baMdha kelA. tyA veLacyA sAmAjika paristhitIzI tyAMcA janma joDalelA nAhI. zivAya pratyeka yugAta (jaina dRSTIne kAlacakrAcyA pratyeka Ar2yAta) tIrthaMkara hota nAhIta. vartamAna avasarpiNI kALAcyA tisar2yA Ar2yAcyA akherIsa RSabhadeva ANi cauthyA Ar2yAta itara 23 tIrthaMkara jhAle. yApuDhe vartamAna avasarpiNIta tIrthaMkara hoNAra nAhIta. avatAra-vAdApramANe kaliyugAta kalkI avatAra janmaNAra Ahe. tyAnaMtara pralayakALa yeIla. avatArAMmadhye jalacara-ubhayacara-sthalacara ase matsya-kUrma-varAha yA tiryaMcAMcIhI gaNanA hote. anekAMnA tyAtUna utkrAMtivAdAcI cAhUla lAgalI Ahe. jaina dhAraNenusAra tiryaMca kadhIhI tyA janmAta tIrthaMkara asata nAhIta. akheracA muddA mhaNaje kRSNAne nirdiSTa kelelA "yogamAyene prakaTa hoNyAcA' ullekha jaina zAstrAsa saMmata nAhI. yA sarva carceta atyaMta mahattvAcA muddA asA kI muLAta avatAra ANi tIrthaMkara yAMcI tulanA karAyacIca kazAsAThI ? hiMdUMnI jyA kRSNAlA 'avatAra' mAnale Ahe to jaina paraMparenusAra vAsudeva' Ahe. vAsudeva 9 uhota ANi AtA yA avasarpiNIta tyAnaMtara koNI vAsudevahI hoNAra nAhI. vAsudeva he sajjanaparitrANa, duSTanirdAlana, dharmasaMsthanAhI kAme karU zakatAta. pratyeka utsarpiNI-avasarpiNIta vAsudeva hotaca rahANAra Aheta. jaina zAstrAnusAra pratyeka kelI vegavegaLe jIva vAsudeva' hoNAra Aheta. jaina vicArasaraNI heca darzavite kI jagatAsa tIrthaMkarAMcI garaja Ahe ANi vAsudevAMcIhI !

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 40 : gIteta tapAce sthAna gItecyA 4,5,8,9,11 ANi 16 yA adhyAyAta tapAcA prAya: yajJa, dAna ANi veda yAMcyAbarobara ullekha kelelA Ahe. 17 vyA zraddhAtrayavibhAgayoga' nAvAcyA adhyAyAta tapAcA 6 svataMtra zlokAta vicAra kelelA disato. 'bahavo jJAnatapasA pUtA madbhAvamAgatAH' (gI.4.10) yA zlokAta jJAna ANi tapa yAMcA svataMtra ullekha nasUna 'jJAnarUpa tapAlA' athavA 'jJAnasahita tapAlA' mahattva dilele Ahe. gIteta yajJasaMkalpanA agrasthAnI asalyAne cauthyA adhyAyAtaca yajJAMcyA vividha prakArAta tapoyajJA'cA nirdeza Ahe. yethe gItelA 'tyAgasahita tapa' apekSita Ahe. 'akSarabrahmayoga' adhyAyAcyA akheracyA zlokAta mhaTale Ahe kI, vedeSu yajJeSu tapaH su caiva dAneSu yatpuNyaphalaM pradiSTam / / atyeti tatsarvamidaM viditvA yogI paraM sthAnamupaiti cAdyam / / (gI.8.28) bhAvArtha asA kI veda, yajJa, tapa ANi dAna yAne puNyaprAptI hote. 'yogI' tyA puNyaphalAce baMdhakatva jANUna te sarva olAMDato. tyAhUna paramasthAna jo mokSa-tyAsAThI prayatnazIla asato. 9 vyA adhyAyAta 'tapa'suddhA paramezvarAlA aparNa karaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. bhaktimArgAta japa ANi tapa yAMce phAra javaLace nAte asate. 'vibhUtiyoga' adhyAyAta tyA dRSTIne 'yajJAMmadhye japayajJa zreSTha', asehI vidhAna yete. 'vizvarUpadarzana' adhyAyAta, "he vizvarUpadarzana veda, tapa, dAna kiMvA yajJAne hota nAhI tara ananya bhaktIne hote" ase vidhAna yete. 'yajJa, tapa, dAna hI dhArmika kRtye 'OM tat sat'-azA saMkalpAne karAvIta, azraddhene kelI tara kalyASkara hota nAhIta' asA vicAra 17 vyA adhyAyAta yeto. 18 vyA adhyAyAta punhA ekavAra mhaTale Ahe kI, 'yajJo dAnaM tapazcaiva pAvanAni manISiNAm' (gI.18.5). paramazraddhene, kelele phalAzArahita tapa 'sAttvika'; satkAra-mAna-pUjA prApta vhAvI mhaNUna daMbhapUrvaka kelele tapa 'rAjasa'; mUDhatene svata:lA kiMvA dusar2yAlA pIDA, kleza deNyAsAThI kelele tapa tAmasa' hoya-azI vargavArI 17vyA adhyAyAta disate. deva, brAhmaNa, gurU ANi jJAnI yAMce pUjana, zauca (snAna i.), RjutA, brahmacarya ANi ahiMsA yAMnA zArIrika tapa' mhaTale Ahe. priya, satya ANi hitakara bolaNe, svAdhyAya ANi abhyAsa-yAMnA vAGmaya tapa' mhaTale Ahe. manAcI sadaiva prasannatA, saumyatA, mauna, saMyama ANi bhAvasaMzuddhI-yAMnA 'mAnasa tapa' mhaTale Ahe. vAcakaho, AttAparyaMtacyA lekhAta ApaNa pAhileca Ahe kI vedAMcI apauruSeyatA ANi tyAMce sarvopari prAmANya jaina paraMparesa mAnya nAhI. sarvaca prakAracyA yajJAMnA ANi vizeSataH hiMsaka yajJAMnA jaina AcAryAMnI veLoveLI virodha kelelA disato. gIteta veLoveLI jyA veda, yajJa, tapa ANi dAna' yA cAra goSTIMcA ekatrita vicAra kelA Ahe, tyApaikI dona tara jaina zAstrAsa saMmata nAhIta. 'dAna' ANi 'tapa' yA dona goSTIMnA mAtra jaina dharmAta ANi AcArAta ananyasAdhAraNa mahattva Ahe. gItene jyAMnA rAjasa' tapa mhaTale Ahe, tazA prakArace vartana TALaNyAce Adeza 'AcArAMgasUtrA'ta disatAta. tyAcA svataMtra lekhAta vicAra karU. jaina graMthAta sAdhUMsAThI ase Adeza Aheta kI tyAMnI aneka prakAracyA zArIrika-mAnasika azA pratikUla paristhitI (pariSaha) samabhAvAne sahana karAvyAta. azA pIDA samabhAvAta sahana karaNyAne hoNAre 'tapa'pUrvakarmAMcI nirjarA (kSaya) karaNyAsa kAraNa Tharate-asA jaina dRSTikona Ahe. gItetIla zArIrika-vAcika-mAnasika tapAMpaikI bahutAMzI sarvaca tapAMcA samAveza jaina AcArazAstrAtIla aMtaraMga va bAhya tapAMmadhye hoto.

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sArAMza kAya ? gIteta prAya: puNyaprAptIce sAdhana' he tapAce sthAna Ahe. 'jaina zAstrAta yApekSA koNatA vegaLA vicAra kelA Ahe', te udyAcyA lekhAta pAhU. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 41 : jaina AcArazAstrAta tapAce sthAna 'tapa' hI jaina paraMparecI khAsa oLakha Ahe. cAturmAsAta ANi vizeSata: paryuSaNaparvAta AjacyA hyA Adhunika yugAtahI jaina samAjAta "tapa, upadhAna, upavAsa, dayA, pauSadha" azA vividha aMgAMnI tapasyA kelI jAte. tapasyelA yeta cAlalelyA utsavI ANi avaDaMbarAtmaka svarUpAvara jaina samAjAtale vicAravaMta veLoveLI prabodhanapara lekhahI lihitAnA disatAta. tapAce mAhAtmya jaina paraMpareta itake kA Ahe ?-kAraNa jaina AcArapaddhatIcA to gAbhA Ahe. karmasiddhAMtAta tapAce vizeSa sthAna Ahe. "samyaktva (zraddhA, darzana)-jJAna-cAritra (AcaraNa)" hI 'triratne' Aheta. bhagavatI ArAdhanA ANi uttarAdhyayanAsArakhyA prAcIna graMthAMmadhye triratnAcyA barobaraca cauthyA 'tapA'cAhI AvarjUna ullekha kelelA disato. yA catuSTayIce mahattva sAMgatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, nANeNa jANaI bhAve, saNeNa ya saddahe / caritteNa nigiNhAI, taveNa parisujjhaI / / (utta.28.35) arthAt-jJAnAcyA sahAyyAne tattve jANalI jAtAta. darzanAne tyAvara zraddhA ThevalI jAte. cAritrAne arthAt saMyamAcaraNAne nigraha kelA jAto tara tapAne parizuddhI hote. gItenehI tapAlA 'pAvana karaNAre' mhaTale Ahe. azubha pravRttIMnA rokhaNyAce kAma tara tapAne hoteca, paraMtu tapAce vaiziSTyapUrNa kAma mhaNaje pUrvI bAMdhalelyA karmAMcI nirjarA (kSaya) karaNyAce sAmarthya tapAmadhye Ahe. (tapasA nirjarA ca - tattvArtha.9.3). hAca Azaya sopyA prAkRtAta uttarAdhyayanAta vyakta jhAlA Ahe. mhaTale Ahe kI, 'bhavakoDIsaMciyaM kamma, tavasA nijjarijjaI' (utta.3.6). tapAce mukhya prakAra, upaprakAra ANi tyAce phala sAMgaNyAsAThI uttarAdhyayanAta 'tapomArgagati' nAvAce svataMtra adhyayanaca lihilele Ahe. 'tapAne kevaLa puNyaprAptIca hote ase navhe tara sarvazreSTha azA nirvANapadAcI prAptIhI tapAne hote'-ase vicAra kuMdakuMdAMcyA darzanapAhuDAta vyaktavile Aheta. bArasavihatavajuttA kammaM khaviUNa vihibaleNa ssaM / ___ vosaTTacattadehA NivvANamaNuttaraM pattA / / (darzanapAhuDa, gA.36) ardhamAgadhI graMthAMmadhye kaDaka tapazcaryecI puSkaLa udAharaNe ADhaLatAta. AcArAMgAcyA 'upadhAnazrutA'ta bha.mahAvIrAMcyA 12 varSAMcyA vihArAce ANi tapAce savistara varNana disate. 'aMtagaDasUtrA'ta striyAMcyA ANi 'anuttaraupapAtikastrA'ta puruSAMcyA khaDatara tapazcaryAMce ullekha ADhaLatAta. aihika unnatIcA hetU DoLyAsamora ThevUna kelelyA tapAlA 'nidAnatapa' mhaTale Ahe. sAdhUMnI 'nidAnatapa' na kasA 'AtmakalyANArtha' tapa karAve, ase Adeza disUna yetAta. tapAcI nemakI vyAkhyA karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, 'vAsanA-vikAra kSINa karaNyAsAThI ANi Atmika zaktIcyA sAdhanesAThI zarIra, iMdriye va mana yAMnA jyA jyA upAyAMnI tapta kele jAte, te tapa hoya.' anazana, UnodarI (bhukamekSA kamI khANe) i. sahA tape 'bAhya tape' asUna tyAMce svarUpa ArogyasAdhanesAThIhI atyaMta upayukta Ahe. prAyazcitta, vinaya, sevA, svAdhyAya, ahaMkAratyAga ANi dhyAna-hI sahA 'aMtaraMga tape' Aheta. jaina zAstrAta vistArapUrvaka sAMgitalelI 12 prakAracI tape kharokharIca sarvAMnA uttama mArgadarzaka Aheta. ApalyAlA jhepatIla evaDhIca tape karaNyAcI sUcanA amRtacandrAMsArakhyA AcAryAMnI dilI Ahe.

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viSNUcI kiMvA zivAcI kaDaka upAsanA-ArAdhanA karaNe, tyAMnI prakaTa hoNe, bhaktAne vara mAgaNe, mAgitalelyA varAne sarvAMnA saMtrasta karaNe-azA prakAracyA tapasyecyA hakigatI jaina purANagraMthAMta disata nAhIta. ekaMdarIta, AtmotIce prabhAvI sAdhana mhaNUna jaina paraMparene tapAlA agrasthAna dilele disate.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 42 : zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM 'kaeNliDoskopa' madhye teca teca raMgIta kAcAMce tukaDe, kona badalalyAvara jase vegavegaLe disatAta, taseca gItene teca zloka AyuSyAcyA vegavegaLyA TappyAMvara punhA punhA vAcale kI vegavegaLe bhAsU lAgatAta. agadI lahAnapaNI IptA phakta 'ghaDAghaDa pAThAMtarA'cA viSaya hotI. zAleya saMskRta pAThyapustakAta tyAtIla kAhI vece' phakta poTApute-mArka miLavaNyApurate abhyAsale. bI.e.cyA varSAta gItetIla viSayAMnI, bhASene bhArAvUna gele. em.e.lA paurvAtya-pAzcAtya abhyAsakAMnI gItetUna kADhalelyA vegavegaLyA tAtparyAMnI bhAMbAvUna gele. madhyaMtarIcyA kALAta bareca pANI vAhUna gele. bhAMDArakara prAcya vidyA saMsthetIla prAkRta-iMgrajI zabdakozAta kAma karaNyAcyA nimittAne jaina tattvajJAnAcI oLakha jhAlI. vIsa-paMcavIsa varSAta jaina zAstrAcI kliSTa paribhASA thoDa thoDI pacalI. punhA ekadA gItekaDe navyAca konAtUna baghAyalA lAgale. pAne ulaTatA ulaTatA cauthA adhyAya surU jhAlA. 33 vyA zlokAta yajJAcA punarvicAra karUna gItene jJAnayajJA'lA prAdhAnya dilele pAhUna hAyase vATale. tyA zlokApAsUna theTa cauthyA adhyAyAcyA akheraparyaMta jJAnAcA mahimA' varNilelA disalA. na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate' i. suprasiddha gItAvAkyAMmadhye jo jJAnAcA mahimA gAyalA Ahe toca zaurasenI graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhane'ta kiMvA amRtacandrAMcyA puruSArthasiddhayupAya' madhyehI vistArAne varNilelA disalA. gItetalyA 4 thyA adhyAyAtalA 39 vA zloka puDhe AlA ANi bhAsa jhAlA kI ApaNa tattvArthasUtrAtIla pahile sUtra va tyAvarIla vyAkhyAca vAcata Ahota. zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM, tatpara: saMyatendriyaH / jJAnaM labdhvA parAM zAntimacireNAdhigacchati / / arthAt, "(sAdhanemadhye) tatpara asalelyA iMdriyasaMyamI zraddhAvaMtAlA je jJAna miLate, te jJAna lAbhalyAvara tyAlA paramazAMtIcA lAbha hoNyAsa uzIra lAgata nAhI." jaina zAstrAnusAra, vyavahArAta sAmAnyataH prApta kelele jJAna kevaLa mAhitIvajA zAbdika jJAna asate. tyAlA 'samyaka jJAna' hI koTI prApta hota nAhI. AtmatattvAvara ANi jinavANIvara pUrNa zraddhA ThevalyAne tyA mAhitIvajA jJAnAlAhI 'samyaktva' lAbhate. 'zraddhAvA~llabhate jJAnaM' mhaNaje zraddhAvAnAlAca sarvArthAne satyajJAnAcA bodha hoto ANi tyAca veLI jara to tatpara' ANi 'saMyatendriya' asela, mhaNaje jaina paribhASeta 'samyak cAritrAcA ArAdhaka' asela tara tyAcI ratnatrayAcI samanvita ArAdhanA surU hote. zraddhA, jJAna ANi saMyama ekAca veLI samasamAnatene vRddhiMgata hota gele kI "parama zAMti' arthAt nirvANAcA lAbha hoto. 'samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' hyA sUtrAcA bhAvArtha hAca Ahe-zraddhAvAna, jJAnI ANi saMyatendriya asaNe he tattvArthasUtrAta ANi gItetalyA yA zlokAta ekA vyaktIkaDUna ANi ekAca veLI apekSita Ahe, kramAkramAne nAhI. eravI gIteta mArgAMcI vividhatA sAMgitalI asalI tarI kharA jJAnI, sthitaprajJa, karmayogI ANi bhakta yA sarvAMcI aMtima lakSaNe mAtra samAna Aheta. tyAcI gurukillI yA vaiziSTyapUrNa zlokAta daDalI Ahe. yAca kAraNAsAThI jaina zAstrakArAMnI tIna ghaTakAMcA yathAyogya samAveza karUna ekaca mokSamArga sAMgitalA Ahe. sArAMza kAya tara prastuta zlokAce jaina parabhiASeta rUpAMtara kele kI jaina darzanAcA mUlabhUta gAbhAca tyAta bhAsamAna hoU lAgato. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 43 : zraddhA-jJAna-AcaraNa parasparasaMbaMdha gIteta vividha prakAracyA yogAMce' athavA 'mArgAMce' eka-dusar2yApekSA asalele zreyaskaratva ANi zreSThatva prasaMgAprasaMgAne vegavegaLyA prakAre mAMDalele disate. udAharaNArtha, 'loke'smin dvividhA niSThA purA prAktA mayAnagha' (gI.3.3). yA zlokAta sAMkhyAMcA jJAnayoga' ANi 'yogyAMcA karmayoga' yAcA ullekha kelA Ahe. gItecyA 6vyA adhyAyAta 'yogI' azI saMjJA deUna mhaTale Ahe, "tapasvI, jJAnI kiMvA karmamArgI yApekSA 'yogI' zreSTha Ahe. sarva prakAracyA yogyAMmadhye jo zraddhAvAn bhakta mAjhyAzI ekarUpa hoUna malA bhajato, to 'yuktatama' hoya" (gI.6.46-47). __dhyAnayogAcyA varNanAcA asA bhaktipara upasaMhAra kAhIsA bucakaLyAta TAkato. AtA bArAvA adhyAya bhaktipara Ahe. paraMtu tyAcyA bArAvyA zlokAcA artha asA Ahe- "abhyAsApekSA jJAna zreyaskara Ahe. jJAnApekSA dhyAna vizeSa Ahe. dhyAnApekSA karmaphalatyAga zreyaskara Ahe. kAraNa tyAne lageca parama zAMtI prApta hote.' zreyaskara' kAya ANi tyAhUna adhika zreyaskara' kAya ?-yAcA UhApoha karIta asatA gItecyA vegavegaLyA vyAkhyAkArAMnI Apale mantavya mAMDaNyAsAThI bar2yAca kolAMTauDyA mAralelyA disatAta. ___ yA pArzvabhUmIvara "zraddhA (samyaktvadarzana)-jJAna-AcaraNa (cAritra)" yAMcyA parasparasaMbaMdhAMviSayI jaina zAstrakArAMmadhye barIca (kiMbahunA pUrNaca) ekarUpatA disate. jJAna, darzana, cAritra ANi tapa yAMcyAviSayIce uttarAdhyayanAtIla vivecana kAlacyA lekhAta pAhile Ahe. cAritrapAhuDAta kuMdakuMda mhaNatAta, 'jJAnAne jANale jAte. darzanAne pracItI ghetA yete. jJAna ANi pracItI ekatra AlI kI samyak AcaraNa tethe avatarate.' heca tathya AcArya zivakoTIMcyA zabdAta ase sAMgatA yete-"jJAna ANi darzana yAce sAra yathAkhyAta cAritra Ahe. azA cAritrAce paryavasAna zreSTha nirvANAta hote.' darzanapAhuDAta mhaTale Ahe kI, "mokSamArga hA vRkSa asela tara samyaktva (zraddhA, darzana) tyAce mULa Ahe. jJAna ANi cAritra tyAce khoDa ANi zAkhA-parivAra Ahe." jaina paribhASeta 'zraddhA' mhaNaje jinakathita tattvAMvara pUrNa vizvAsa hoya. jIva-ajIva-Asrava-baMdha-saMvara-nirjarA-mokSa yA sAta tattvAMce svarUpa prathama nITa samajUna gheNe ANi tyAvaracA dRDha vizvAsa mhaNaje samyaktva. AcaraNAta thoDIphAra cUka jhAlI tara tI prAyazcittapUrvaka sudhAratA yeIla pasu zraddhA DagamagalI tara AtmakalyANAcyA mArgAlA kAyamace pArakhe vhAve lAgela. ___ samyaktva (kharI zraddhA) prApta jhAle kI jJAnahI tatkALa samyak banate. 'divA peTaNe' ANi 'aMdhAra dUra hoNe'yA donhI goSTI ekadama hota asalyA tarI pahile dusar2yAce kAraNa Ahe (puruSArtha.zloka34). sArAMza kAya, tIna ghaTakAMnI banalAasalA tarI mokSamArga kasA ekaca Ahe', he paTavUna deNyAcI jaina zAstrakAci hatoTI vilakSaNa Ahe. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 44 : daivI saMpadA ANi dazavidha dharma bhagavadgItA aso athavA jaina zAstra, AdhyAtmika ANi dhArmika mArgadarzanAbarobaraca naitika guNAMcA paripoSa karaNArI mUlye donhItahI pratipAdana kelelI disatAta. ___ vizeSa vyaktIMcI guNagaNanA karUna lakSaNe deNyAcI gItecI ApalI azI khAsa zailI Ahe. dusar2yA adhyAyAta arjuna vicArato, 'sthitaprajJasya kA bhASA ?' ityAdi. kRSNa tyAce savistara uttara deto. sthitaprajJAcI lakSaNe deta asatAnAca iMdriyamUDha, caMcala ANi asaMyamI vyaktIMcehI varNana karato. navavyA adhyAyAta mahAtmyAMcyA daivI guNAMbarokhna rAkSasI ANi AsurI prakRtIcyA vyaktIMcAhI kRSNa AvarjUna ullekha karato. terAvyA adhyAyAta jJAnAcI vIsa lakSaNe vistArAne sAMgitalI Aheta. soLAvyA adhyAyAta hI guNagaNanA daivI saMpattIcyA rUpAne AlI Ahe. tethe ekUNa 26 guNa sAMgitale Aheta. jijJAsUMnI te guNa mULa gItetUna pahAveta. yA yAdItIla pratyeka guNAcA artha dusar2yAhUna sarvakhI bhinna hoIlaca ase nAhI. daivI saMpattIcyA sAttvika svarUpAcI nITa oLakha karUna deNyAsAThI gItecyA yA soLAvya adhyAyAtIla 26 guNa upayukta TharatAta. jaina zAstrAta naitika sadguNAMcyA paripoSAsAThI, ciMtana karAve mhaNUna sarva vyaktIMnA bArA mudde deNyAcI paddhata Ahe. yA mudyAMnA anuprekSA' (bhAvanA) ase mhaNatAta. anuprekSA yA bArA Aheta. kuMdakuMdAcAryAMnI lihilelAdizAnuprekSA' hA laghugraMtha atizaya lokapriya Ahe. tyAtIla akarAvyA anuprekSece nAva 'dharmAnuprekSA' Ahe. dharmAce prathama dona bhAga kele Aheta-zrAvakadharma va sAdhudharma. zrAvakadharmAmadhye akarA pratimA sAMgitalyA Aheta. anagAradharmAmadhye mAtra vrata, samiti, gupti asA dharma na sAMgatA dahA uttama sadguNa sAMgitale Aheta. kuMdakuMdAMnI guNAMcI phakta yAdI na detA tyAMcI lakSaNe atizaya mojakyA zabdAta prabhAvIpaNe sAMgitalI Aheta. zivAya viziSTa prakAracyA naitika vartanAne he sarva dharma sAdhUcyA aMta:karaNAta ApoApa prakaTa hotAta asehI mhaTale Ahe. yAcAca artha asA kI yA dharmAMcyA ArAdhanesAThI koNatehI kriyAkAMDa karaNyAcI garaja nAhI. 1) krodhAcyA utpattIce sAkSAt kAraNa samora upasthita asUnahI, jo krodhAvara tAbA ThevaNyAcA prayatna karato, tyAmadhye haLUhaLU 'uttama kSamAdharma' prakaTa hoto. 2) jo Apale kula, rUpa, jJAna i. cA abhimAna karaNe kamI karata jAto, tyAcyAmadhye haLUhaLU uttama mArdavadharma' prakaTa hoto. 3) jo mana-vacana-kAyecI kuTilatA soDUna, hRdaya nirmala ThevaNyAcA prayAsa karato, tyAcyAmadhye uttama Arjavadharma' prakaTa hoto. 4) jo anya jIvAMnA saMtrasta na karaNAre, hitakara, satyavacana bolato, tyAcyAmadhye 'uttama satyadharma' prakaTa hoto. 5) sarva bAhya parigrahAcyA AsaktItUna nivRtta hota-hota, jo zuddha vItarAgabhAva dhAraNa karato, tyAcyAmadhye 'uttama zaucadharma' prakaTa hoto. 6) pAca mahAvratAMce pAlana ANi iMdriyavijaya karaNAcyA dRSTIne jo agresara asato, tyAcyAmadhye 'uttama saMyamadharma' prakaTa hoto. 7) vikAra-vAsanAMvara vijaya miLavUna jo dhyAna-svAdhyAyAta ramamANa asato, tyAce uttama tapa' niraMtara cAlU asate. 8) mana-vacana-kAyene jo moha ANi mamatvAcA tyAga karato, tyAcyAmadhye uttama tyAgadharma' prakaTa hoto. 9) ni:saMga hoUna, ApalyAlA sukhaduHkhe deNAr2yA ApalyAca bhAvanAMvara jo kAbU Thevato, tyAcyAmadhye uttama AkiMcanyadharma' prakaTa hoto. 'na me pArthAsti kartavyaM triSu lokeSu kiMcana / ' (gI.3.22) yA gItetIla kRSpyAcanAtahI, hAca AkiMcanyabhAva prakaTa jhAlA Ahe.

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10) striyAMsabaMdhIcyA sarva prakAracyA viSaya-vAsanAtmaka durbhAvAMcA jo tyAga karato, to durdhara 'brahmacaryA'cA dhAraka asato. kuMdakuMdAMnI sAMgitalele he dazavidha dharma mhaNaje kramAkramAne mAMDalelI ucca naitika ANi AdhyAtmika mUlyeva Aheta. tyAMcyA nemakyA vyAkhyA deNyAcA prayatnahI lakSaNIya Ahe. gItetIla 'daivIsaMpat' mhaNUna sAMgitalelyA 26 sadguNAMcA samAveza yA dahA dharmAta sahajapaNe karato yeto. yAzivAya dohoMmadhalyA aneka guNAMcI nAve zabdaza: sammAhI Aheta. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 45 : AcArAMga, upaniSade ANi gItA (1) vAcakaho, AttAparyaMtacyA lekhAta ApaNa prAya: gItelA agrasthAna dile ANi jaina dRSTIne tyAcI samIkSA karaNyAcA prayatna kelA. zvetAMbara jainAMcyA ardhamAgadhI dhArmika graMthAMta (Agama-graMthAta) 'AcArAMga' graMthAce sthAna agragaNya Ahe. AcArAMgAcA prathama khaMDa (prathama zrutaskaMdha) 'prAcIna ardhamAgadhIcA namunA' mhaNUna abhyAsakAMnI gauravilA Ahe. AcArAMgAcI gUDha, sUtramaya vAkyAMnI banalelI gadyapadyamaya zailI abhyAsalI kI upaniSadAMce smaraNa jhAlyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. dahA prAcIna upaniSadAMcA prAya: sarvamAnya kALa i.sa.pU. 600 asA Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMcyA sarva kAryapravRttIhI i.sa.pU. sahAvyA zatakAtaca jhAlyA. viSaya koNatAhI asalA tarI pratipAdanAcyA zailIvara tyA tyA kALAtalyA zailIcA prabhAva hA rAhatoca. azA prakAre bhASAzailIcyA dRSTIne upaniSade ANi AcArAMga hyAta vilakSaNa sAmya Ahe. ___gItA he upaniSadAMce sAra Ahe. gItecI zailI mAtra varNanAtmaka, kAvyAtmaka Ahe. tattvajJAna samajAvatAnA gIteta upamA, dRSTAMta yetAta. racanA chaMdobaddha Ahe. Izvara, paramezvara kiMvA paramAtmyAcyA bhUmiketa jAUna, kRSNa prathamaphuSI ekavacanAta, aneka vidhAne udgArato. bhaktIce caDhalele raMga he prAcIna upaniSadAMpekSA gItece vegaLepaNa Ahe. mAtra he vagaLatA, upaniSadAMtUna ANi vizeSata: kaThopaniSadAtUna gItA vAraMvAra uddharaNe deta asate. AcArAMga, upaniSade ANi gItA yAMcA parasparasaMbaMdha lakSAta gheUna hyA ANi yApuDhIla lekhAta sAmyabhedAtmaka nirIkSaNe noMdavaNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. ___'ko'haM'-mI koNa Ahe ?-azI AtmajijJAsA upaniSadAMcA mukhya viSaya Ahe. kenopaniSadAta keneSitaM patati preSitaM manaH' azA zabdAta mana:pravRttIMmAgacyA kAraNAcA zodha ghetalA Ahe. AcArAMgAcyA pahilyA adhyayanAcA prAraMbhahI appaNo atthitta-padaM' arthAt svata:cyA astitvAcyA jijJAsene hoto. 'ke ahaM AsI ? ke vA iocuo iha peccA bhavissAmi'-azA zabdAta AcArAMgAta pUrvajanma ANi punarjanmAcI jijJAsA vyakta jhAlI Ahe. gItecA AraMbha raNAMgaNAvara, zastre sajja jhAlelyA avastheta hoto. AcArAMgAcyA pahilyA adhyAyAce nAva 'zastra-parijJA' ase Ahe. ApalyA AjUbAjUcyA pRthvI, havA, pANI, agnI va vanaspatIMnA Apale vartana kase zastrAsArakhe vATate va tyAMcA vApara karatAnA kasA viveka karaNe jarUra Ahe'-asA vegaLAca zastravicAra AcArAMga dete. gIteta 'na kAMkSe vijayaM kRSNa' i. vacane arjuna mhaNato tara AcArAMgAta 'lokavijaya' kasA karAvA-yAce AdhyAtmika varNana yete. ahiMsA, samatA, anAsaktI, aparigraha i. lokavijayA'cI sAdhane Aheta ase bha.mahAvIra mhaNatAta. 'eSaNA' zabdAlA upaniSadAta ANi AcArAMgAta vizeSa sthAna Ahe. 'No logassa esaNaM care' asA AcArAMgAcA Adeza Ahe. virakta munIlA lokaiSaNA (lokasaMgraha, janasaMmarda, prasiddhI) kAya kAmAcI ? bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadAta 'khar2yA brAhmaNAce lakSaNa sAMgatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI- 'brAhmaNa: putraiSaNAyAzca vittaiSaNAyAzca lokaiSaNAyAzca vyutthAya bhikSAcaryaM caranti / ' sAmAnya saMsArI mANUsa azA eSaNAMnI (bhautika AkAMkSAMnI) grasta hoUna ApalA gotAvaLA kasA vADhavata jAto tyAce pratyayakArI, sarva kALAta lAgU paDaNAre varNana bha.mahAvIra karatAta. tyAcA svaira anuvAda asA Ahe"prathama mANUsa zArIrika baLa vADhavato. udyoga karUna paisA kamAvato. nAtevAIka jamavUna maujamajA karato. pitarAMce zrAddha i. karato. deva-deva karU lAgato. haLUhaLU sattAdhIzAMzI saMbaMdha joDato. cora-taskarAMzIhI saMdhAna bAMdhatA pAhuNe ANi toMDapuje yAcaka yAMcI sarabarAI karato. akherIsa he kamI paDate mhaNUna kI kAya sAdhU-mahArAjAMzI saMparkaThevUna AzIrvAdahI gheta rahAto."

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upaniSadAMnI putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA, lokaiSaNAcA jo ullekha kelA tyAce kitI pratyayakArI ANi AttAhI lAgU paDela ase varNana bha. mahAvIrAMnI kele Ahe te pahA ! hAca viSaya udyAcyA lekhAta puDhe pAhU.

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 46 : AcArAMga, upaniSade ANi gItA (2) AcArAMgAcyA tisar2yA adhyAyAce nAva Ahe 'zItoSNIya'. zIta, uSNa, sukha, duHkha-sarva kAhI 'titikSA' bhAvAne kase sahana karAve te sAdhu-AcArAta 22 pariSahAMcyA rUpAne vAraMvAra sAMgitale jAte. gItetahI anAsakta, sthitaprajJAcyA varNanAta 'zItoSNasukhaduHkheSu' azI padAvalI vAraMvAra yete. AcArAMgAcyA yAca adhyAyAta 'suttA amuNI sayA, muNiNo sayA jAgaraMti' ase udgAra bha.mahAvIra kADhatAta. gItecyA dusar2yA adhyAyAta jaNU kAhI yAca saMkalpanecA vistAra 69 vyA zlokAta kelA Ahe. yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM tasyA jAgarti saMyamI / yasyAM jAgrati bhUtAni sA nizA pazyato muneH / / Azaya asA kI sAmAnya loka jyA viSayAMbAbata utsuka, jAgRta asatAta tyA bAbatIta jJAnI munI 'supta' asatAta. jyA AtmajJAnAcI munIMnA 'jANa' asate tyA bAbatIta sAmAnya mANUsa gADha jhopalelA asato. gItecyA 15 vyA adhyAyAta azvatthavRkSAce samagra rUpaka Ale Ahe. he rUpaka gItene kaThopaniSadAtUna ghetale Ahe. 'aggaM ca mUlaM ca vigiMca dhIre' yA vacanAtUna bha.mahAvIra heca sAMgatAta kI AsaktIrUpa muLAcA zodha gheUna tI dUra karAvI. dhIrapuruSAne vivekAne vAgAve. gItecyA jazI 2r2yA adhyAyAta "viSayaciMtana-AsaktI-kAma-krodhasaMmoha-smRtivikrama-buddhinAza-sarvavinAza' i. anarthazRMkhalA varNilI Ahe tazIca krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha-preyadveSa-moha-garbha-janma-mRtyU i.cI zRMkhalA AcArAMgAta pariNAmakArakapaNe sAMgitalI Ahe. je egaM jANai, se savvaM jANai / je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai / ' azI gUDha sUtrAtmaka vartuLAkAra vAkyaracanA AcArAMgAce vaiziSTya Ahe. 'ekena jJAtena sarvaM vijJAtaM bhavati'eka jANalyAne sarva jANatA yete-he upaniSadAtIla vacana suprasiddhaca Ahe. 'je piMDI te brahmAMDI' -he vacanahI sAmAnyata: asAca bodha dete. 'jassa natthi purA pacchA, majjhe tassa kao siyA ?' yA AcArAMgAtIla vidhAnAcA artha asA kI jyAcyA pUrvajanmAMcA ANi punarjanmAMcA thAMga lAgata nAhI azA jIvAne AttAcyA yA phakta madhalyA manuSyajanmAta kitI mhaNUna rAgadveSa karAve ? kazAkazAcA mhaNUna kheda karIta basAve ? asAca upadeza zrIkRSNa arjunAlA karato. 'avyaktAdIni bhUtAni vyaktamadhyAni bhArata / avyaktanidhAnAnyeva tatra kA paridevatA ?' (gI.2.28) 'uttiSThata jAgrata prApyavarAn nibodhata'-uThA, jAge vhA, kalyANAcA bodha ghyA-asA Urjasvala saMdeza upaniSade detAta. AcArAMgAta bha.mahAvIra sAMgatAta-'uThThiyae No pamAyae'-utthita vhA, pramAda-ALasa karU nakA. AcArAMgAcyA paramAtma-padA'ne hyA viSayAcA zevaTa karU. 'savve sarA niyaTRti / takkA jattha na vijjaI' ase AtmAnubhUtIce varNana bha.mahAvIra karatAta. taittirIya upaniSadAtahI 'yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha' azA bhASeta AtmasAkSAtkArAcA anubhava sAMgitalA Ahe. 'svara' (sara) hI vAcecI kriyA Ahe ANi tarka (takkA) hI manAcI. upaniSade ANi AcArAMga na tasya pratimA asti' ANi 'uvamA (upamA) Na vijjae' azI atizaya samAna bhASA vAparatAta. __AcArAMgAtIla vicAra bha.mahAvIrAMcyA AdhyAtmika anubhUtIMce udgAra Aheta. tyAMcI bhASAzailI upaniSadAMzI vilakSaNa juLaNArI Ahe. abhyAsaka kAhIhI mhaNota, AttA ApalyAsamora asalelyA gItecyA kitItarI pUrvIcyA kALI bha.mahAvIrAMnI he vicAra vyakta kele Aheta. itakeca navhe tara azA kitItarI RSIMce vicAradhana jaina paraMparene 'RSibhASita' graMthAta japale Ahe. ajUna eka vaiziSTya ase kI upaniSade saMskRtAta Aheta tara bha.mahAvIrAMce vicA

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tyA kALI pracalita asalelyA 'ardhamAgadhI' nAvAcyA lokabhASeta (prAkRtAta) noMdavalele Aheta. tyA kALacyA lokabhASecI thoDI jhalaka disAvI mhaNUna hyA dona lekhAMcA hA prapaMca !! **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 47 : bhaktI : gItetIla ANi jaina paraMparetIla (1) vAcakaho ! mAgIla lekhAta ApaNa pAhileca Ahe kI 'samyaktva' athavA 'samyakadarzana' he zabda jaina paraMpareta nissIma zraddhA yA arthAne vAparaNyAta yetAta. 'bhaktI' hA zabda mAtra siddhAMtagraMthAMta TALalelA disato. ArAdhanA ANi upAsanA ase zabda jaina ANi hiMdU dohoMmadhye samAna asale tarI 'ArAdhya devatelA prasanna karaNe', ase jaina graMthAtIla bhaktIce svarUpa nAhI. bhaktI mhaNaje 'zraddhA' he khare paNa tI kazAvara ? yAbAbata matabheda Aheta. prAya: bhaktimArgI he IzvarAvara athavA iSTadevatevara zraddhA ThevatAta. jainadharmAnusAra mAtra tI navatattvAMvara, jinavANIvara ANi kevaliprajJaptadharmAya ThevaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. jananirmAtyA IzvarAvara zraddhA nasalyAne jainAMcI gaNanA 'nAstika' athavA 'pAkhaMDI' azIhI kelI gelI. karmasiddhAMta, punarjanma va mokSa he sarva samAna asUnahI jaina 'nAstika' Tharale. je je Adarza ANi preraNAdAyI Ahe tyAcI upAsanA hA mAnavAcA svAbhAvika guNa Ahe. jaina mAnyatenusAra tIrthaMkara, siddha, zruta, cAritra, yogI i.cI bhaktI kelI jAte. jhADAMcI pUjA ANi prANipUjA yAMnAhI jaina paraMpase sthAna nAhI. tIrthaMkara i.cI bhaktI karaNyAce kAraNa kI ApalyAlA tyAMcyAsArakhe banAyace Ahe. tyAMcA Adarza DoLyAsamee ThevUna cAlAyace Ahe. paNa tyA bhaktAlA mAhIta Ahe kI tyAMnA khuza kele tarI te ApalyAlA pratyakSataH aihika kiMvA pAralaukika phaLa miLavUna deNAra nAhIta. tIrthaMkarAMnI svapnAta yeUna dRSTAMta deNe, aihika lAbha karUna deNe-azAkathAhI jaina paraMpareta pracalita nAhIta. bhaktimArgAce mukhya tattva he Ahe kI sarva carAcara sRSTIta paramezvara purepura bharalelA Ahe. sarvakAhI tyAcyAca mArgadarzanAkhAlI cAlalele Ahe. bhAgavata dharmAcA mUlamaMtraca Ahe kI, vAsudevaH sarvam'. azI dhAraNA jainAMmadhye nahi paramezvarAne saguNa rUpAta avatarUna bhaktAMnA madata karU lAgaNyAsaMbaMdhIcyA hakigatI jaina dhArmika kathAMmadhye ADhaLata nAhIta. __arthAt svargalokAtalyA deva-devatAMce astitva jainadharmAne nAkAralele nAhI. upAsanene tyAMnA prasannahI karatA yete. paraMtu phaLa detAnA mAtra tI devatA bhaktAcyA karmAlA anusarUnaca phaLa dete. tyApekSA jAsta deU zakata nAhI. kAhI pratikAtmaka kathAMmadhye asehI raMgavile Ahe kI bhaktAne haTTa karUna jAsta phaLa mAgitale tara te tyAlA lAbhata nAhI. yethe spaSTa disate kI bhaktIpekSA karmasiddhAMta hA adhika prabaLa Ahe. karmAnusAra phaLa miLaNAraca asela tara te devadevatAMcyA madhyasthIzivAyasuddhA miLU zakela. mhaNaje saiddhAMtika dRSTyA phaladAyI' upAsanelA phArasA artha urata nAhI. ___ gItetalA bhaktimArgadarzaka zloka mhaNUna puDhIla zloka vAraMvAra uddhRta kelA jAto, 'patraM puSpaM phalaM toyaM ye me bhaktyA prayacchati / '. yAcI jaina dRSTIne mImAMsA karatA ase disate kI patra, puSpa, phala he vanaspatikAyika jIva' Aheta. 'toya' arthAt 'pANI' hehI 'apkAyika jIva' Aheta. pUjA karatAnAsuddhA vinAkAraNa he toDaNe, siddhadRSTyA kalpata nAhI. taseca tIrthaMkara i.cI bhaktI phakta guNarUpAne Ahe. to ekamArgI rastA Ahe. teSAmahaM samuddhartA' athava 'aham tvAm sarvapApebhyo mokSayiSyAmi' ase udgAra tIrthaMkara i. kaDUna nighaNAra nAhIta. saiddhAMtikadRSTyA jaina paraMparetIla bhaktIce svarUpa hiMdUMcyA bhaktimArgApekSA vegaLe asale tarI pratyakSa vyAvahArika AcaraNAta mAtra jainAMnI hiMdUMcyA pUjApaddhatI i.ce anukaraNa kelele disate. tyAviSayI puDhIla lekhAta vicAra karU. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 48 : bhaktI : gItetIla ANi jaina paraMparetIla (2) moThA aDacaNIta ANaNArA prazna Ahe kI jyA dharmAta IzvarAlA sthAna nAhI tyA dharmAta maMdire, pUjA, pratiSThA, bhajana, pUjana, japa, AratI, naivedya, stotra, abhiSeka i.nA sthAna kase asU zakate ? yA sarvAMce pracalana prAya: sarvaca jainAMmadhye disate. gItecyA dRSTIne vicAra karatA yakSa-yakSiNI, grAmadevatA, kSetrapAla, zAsanadevatA i.cyA bhaktIlA 'kAmyabhaktI' mhaNatA yeIla ANi tIrthaMkara i.cyA bhaktIlA 'niSkAmabhaktI' mhaNatA yeIla. sAmAnya saMsArI jIvAMnI kAmanA ThevUna kelelI bhaktI svAbhAvikaca mAnalI pAhije. 16 vyA zatakAcyA AsapAsacyA pUjA, pratiSThA, maMdire, maTha i.ce prAbalya vADhalyAmuLe jainAMmadhye sthAnakavAsI paMthA'cA udaya jhAlA. lakSaNIya goSTa azI kI karmakAMDAce ANi jAtipAtIce prastha vADhalyAmuLe hiMdudharmAtahI 'ekezvarI zIkhasaMpradAyA'cA ugama yAca sumArAsa jhAlA. __ pavitra tIrthakSetrAMcyA yAtrA hiMdU va jaina donhI paraMpareta dIrghakALApAsUna cAlU Aheta. hanumAnajayaMtI, rAmanavamI yAMsArakhe tIrthaMkarAMcyA paMcakalyANakAMce utsavahI jaina vAtAvaraNAta disatAta. cAturmAsAcA kALa hiMdU va jaina doghehI sAjarA karatAta. paraMtu jainadharmAta dAna, tapa va upavAsAlA prAdhAnya asate tara hiMdUMce cAturmAsa utsava, saNavAra va vratasvarUpa asatAta. purANAMmadhIla vrata-vaikalyapradhAna dharmAcA haLUhaLU jainadharmAvarahI prabhAva paDalelA disato. pariNAmI jJAnapaMcamI, ziLAsaptamI, sugaMdhadazamI, maunaekAdazI azI vrate jaina paddhatIne sAjarI kelI jAU lAgalI. 14 vyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA jinaprabhasUrIMcA 'vidhimArgaprapA' nAvAcA vratapradhAna graMtha Ahe. jaina paraMpareta vratapradhAna dharmAcA AraMbha yA kALApAsUnaca disato. vratAMitakeca mahattva jaina paraMpareta stotrAMnAhI disate. kuMdakuMdAMcyA dazabhaktIpAsUna AttAparyaMtacyA kALAta prAkR, saMskRta, apabhraMza ANi Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAMmadhyehI jainAMnI vipula stotraracanA kelI. 'jaina stotrasaMdoha' yamAvAce dona jADajUDa graMtha prakAzita jhAle Aheta. 'saptasmaraNastava' yA nAvAcA eka prAcIna stotra saMgrahahI upalabdha Ahe. yA stotrAMmadhye bha.pArzvanAthAMcyA stutIpara stotrAMcI saMkhyA adhika Ahe. 'bhaktAmara' ANi 'kalyANamaMdira' hI kAvyaya kalpanAMnI bharalelI, suMdara saMskRta stotre, mukhodgata karaNyAcA jainAMcA praghAta Ahe. bhaktAmara stotrAce eka vaizaSTya ase kI tyAta AdinAthAMcI stutI karatAnA 'brahmadeva, zaMkara, buddha, puruSottama' hI nAve vizeSaNAMsArakhI vAparalI Aheta. kityeka kALApAsUna jaina samAja bhAratAta ANi bhAratAbAhera vikhuralelyA svarUpAta Ahe. tyA tyA pradezAtIla bhASA, cAlIrItI yAMcyAzI to ekarUpa hoto. arthAtaca prAdezika samajale jANAre saNa, vAra, utsava, vrate yAMcA prabhava tyAMcyAvara paDalyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. mahArASTrApurate bolAyace tara caturthI, ekAdazI, mahAzivarAtra ase upavAsa taseca navarAtra, gaNapatIpUjana i. utsava jainahI karatAnA disatAta. bahasaMkhyene asalelyA hiMdudharmIyAMcyA satata saMparkAta rahAta asalyAmuLe bhaktipradhAnadharmAcA pagaDA jainAMvara paDaNe sAhajikaca Ahe. hiMdUzI kitIhI ekarUpa jhAle tarI AhArazuddhI, upavAsa, tapa ANi dAna yA cArAMcyA AdhAra jaina samAja ApalI svataMtra oLakhahI TikavUna Ahe. vara mhaTalyApramANe devI-devatAMcI to kAmyabhaktI karela paraMtu vItarAgI tIrthaMkarAMsamora ubhe rAhUna, 'putrapautradhanadhAnyasamRddhayartham pUjanamaham kariSye' ase kadApihI mhaNaNAra nAhI heca tyAMce vegaLepaNa hoya. **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 49 : upasaMhAra dharmanirapekSatA athavA sarvadharmasamabhAva he bhAratAce rASTrIya dhoraNa Ahe. bhAratAcyA pratijJeta ApaNa nehamIca mhaNata asato kI, 'bhAratAtalyA vividhatene naTalelyA paraMparAMcA malA abhimAna Ahe. tyAMcA pAIka hoNyAcA mI prayatna karIna'. Adarza mhaNUna he vicAra kitIhI spRhaNIya vATale tarI, svAtaMtryaprAptInaMtaracyA 63 varSAta jAgatikIkaraNAce vAre vAhata asatAnAhI ApaNa dusar2yA ekA bAjUne jAta, pAta, dharma, vaMza va saMpradAya yAMnAhI aneka kAraNAMnI khatapANI ghAlata Ahota. tyAca veLI AcAra-vicArAcyA abhedya bhiMtIMnA jharoke tayAra karaNyAce vidhAyaka kAmahI kAhI vicAravaMta karata Aheta. gItA ANi jaina tattvajJAna yAtIla vicArAMcI sAMgaDa ghAlatAnA samanvayavAdAcA choTAsA jharokA nirmANa karUna tyAtUna kAhItarI vicArazalAkAMce AdAna-pradAna vhAve, asA yA lekhamAlecA hetU hotA. pariNAmI kAhI veLA jaina vicArAMcyA bAjUne kaula dilA gelA tara kAhI veLA gItecyA vyavahAropayogI tattvajJAntrI mAMDaNI kelI gelI. donhItale je cAMgale Ahe, tyAcI dakhala gheNyAcA hA prayAsa hotA. prAcInatA, sUkSmatA, cikitsA, pratyeka jIvAcI svataMtratA, pratyeka mANasAcyA ThikANI asalele naitika ANi AdhyAtmika vikAsAce anaMta sAmarthya, Atmika svAvalaMbana ANi AtmanirbharatA, karmasiddhAMtAvara dRDha vizvAsa ANi nirIzvaravAda, nayAMcyA mAMDaNIta disaNArI lavacika samanvayavAdI dRSTI, paMcamahAbhUtAMnA caitanyamaya mAnUna paryAvaraNarakSaNAcI dilelI tAttvika baiThaka, AcaraNAta dAna - tapa-AhArazuddhIlA dilele mahattva --- hI ANi azI aneka vaiziSTye jaina paraMparebAbata noMdavitA yetIla. gIteta pratibiMbita jhAlelyA vicArAMcyA AdhAre hiMdU (vaidika athavA brAhmaNa) paraMparecIhI ApalI azI khAsa vaiziSTye Aheta. bolakyA praznottarAtUna mAMDalele jIvanalakSI tattvajJAna, lokasaMgrahAcyA saMkalpanetUna vyakta jhAlele sAmAjika bhAna pravRtti-nivRttIcyA duvidheta paDalelyA vyaktIlA dilelA niSkAma karmayogAcA saMdeza, vyaktIMcyA vegavegaLyA kSamatA lakSAta gheUna nItI ANi sadAcArAlA poSaka ase aneka vyavahArya mArga, sadguNAcI gaNanA karIta asatAnA tyAcyA barobarIneca duSTa, durjana, AsurI pravRttIMvara TAkalelA prakAza, ekaMdarItaca RgvedApAsUna disUnayeNAre utsAhI, kAryapravaNa vicArAMce pravAha ApalyAlA gIteta ThikaThikANI jhuLajhuLatAnA disatAta. koNatehI tattvajJAna pratyakSa AcaraNAta ANAyalA gele kI tyAta AcArAcyA bAjUne aneka maryAdA nirmANa hotAta. saMpradAya-upasaMpradAyAta jhAlelI phATAphUTa, karmakAMDa ANi avaDaMbara, sAmAjika pratiSThesAThI, ahaMbhAvacyA poSaNAsAThI dharmAcA vApara, sAdhu-buvA-mahArAjAMcyA AhArI jAUna tayAra kelelI vaicArika beTe va jhApaDabaMda kRtI - ase aneka doSa kALAcyA oghAta tayAra hotAtaca. hiMdU ANi jaina doghehI tyAtUna suTalele nAhIta. te doSa zakto dUra sArUna parasparAMcyA jIvanopayogI vicArAMcI devANaghevANa karUna ApaNa adhikAdhika susaMskArI va udAra hoNyAcA prayatna karU yA !! **********

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jaina dRSTikoNAtUna bhagavadgItA lekhAMka 50 : AvAhana puNe vidyApIThAtIla jaina adhyAsanAcI jI uddiSTe Aheta, tyAta, "jaina tattvajJAna, sAhitya, AcAra ANi kalAnirmitI yAMcI yathAyogya oLakha Ama samAjAlA karUna deNe" ase eka uddiSTa noMdavalele Ahe. tyAcI paripUrtI vhAvI mhaNUna gelI 3-3 / / varSe jaina adhyAsana kAryarata Ahe. jainavidyA-sAmAnyajJAna-pratiyogitA, jainetarAMsAThI nibaMdhaspardhA, 'sakALa' ANi 'lokamata' madhUna staMbhalekhana, AkAzavANIvarUna 'prAkRta-saritA' kAryakramAce prasAraNa ANi itarahI aneka upakrama rAbaviNyAta Ale. lokAMkaDUna miLAlelA pratisAdahI khUpaca utsAhavardhaka hotA. ___ 'gurupaurNimA' te 'RSipaMcamI' hA cAturmAsAtIla kALa bhAratIya saMskRtIta atizaya pavitra mAnalA jAto. 'kevaLa jaina tattvajJAnAcI oLakha karUna dilI tara a-jaina tyAkaDe kitapata lakSa detIla ?'-yAcA bharavasA vATalA nAhI. 'bhagavadgItA ANi jaina vicArAMcI sAMgaDa ghAlaNyAcA prayatna kelA tara utsukatemuLe aneka loka vAcatIla'asA aMdAja kelA. prathamataH 'lokamata'cyA saMpAdakAMviSayI kRtajJatA vyakta karate. tyAMnI yojanelA saMmatI tara dilaca paraMtu mAjhA bhramaNadhvanIcA kramAMka ApaNahUna deUna janasaMparkAlAhI vAva dilA. staMbhalekhanAcyA kAlAvadhIta akSaraza: zekaDo dUradhvanI Ale. jaina ANi a-jaina yAMcI TakkevArI aMdAje 40-60 hotI. eka-dona dUradhvanI vagaLatA sarva pratisAda puruSavargAkaDUna miLAlA. ekUNAtIla 95 Takke dUradhvanI rasagrahaNAtmaka dAda deNAre hote. aMdAje 5 Takke lokAMnI pratikUla abhiprAyahI vyakta kele. tyAMcA Azaya bahutAMzI asA hotA 1) yA donhI vicAradhArA ekatrita karUna kA dilyA ? 2) tumhI nemakyA koNatyA bAjUcyA AhAta ? 3) zrIkRSNAcyA jIvanAce rahasya zraddhene samajUna ghetalyAzivAya gItece aMta:karaNa ApaNAsa kase umagela ? 4) aneka vivAdya mudyAMvara ApaNAzI carcA karaNe AvaDela. 5) jainAMbarobaraca bauddhAMce vicArahI sAMgitale asate tara bare jhAle asate i.i. priya vAcakaho, jaina adhyAsana ApalyA pratikriyA lekhI svarUpAta jANU icchita Ahe. ApalyA anukUla ANi pratikUla pratikriyA-kAraNAMsaha spaSTa karUna-jaina adhyAsanAkaDe pAThavA. lekhana maryAdA kRpayA eka phulaskepa asU dyA. tyAtIla nivaDaka pratikriyAMnA jaina adhyAsanAkaDUna yogya pAritoSika miLela. svata:ce nAva, pattA, dUdhvanI kramAMka lihAyalA visarU nakA. ApalyA pratikriyA va sUcanA posTAne puDhIla pattyAvara pAThavA. DaoN. nalinI jozI, jaina adhyAsana, AMbeDakara bhavana, tattvajJAna vibhAga puNe vidyApITha, gaNezakhiMDa, puNe 411007 **********