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________________ jainatarkazAstrameM hetu-prayoga DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA bhUtapUrva rIDara, jaina-bauddhadarzana kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya pramANazAstrameM anumAna pramANakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| usase una padArthoMkA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai jo indriyagamya nahIM hote| ataH indriyAgamya sUkSma, atIta-anAgata aura dUra padArtha anumeya haiM aura unakI vyavasthA anumAnase kI jAtI hai / jahA~ kisI sAdhanase kisI sAdhyakA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai use anumAna kahA gayA hai| ise aura bho sarala zabdoMmeM kahA jAya to yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jJAtase ajJAtakA jJAna karanA anumAna hai| udAharaNArtha nadIkI bAr3hako dekhakara adhika varSAkA jJAna, sUMr3ako dekhakara pAnI meM DUbe hAthIkA jJAna, dhuA~ko avagata kara agnikA jJAna anumAna hai / ise cArvAkadarzanako chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMne mAnA hai| anumAnake kitane aGga (avayava) hai, isa viSayameM bhAratIya darzana ekamata nahIM haiN| yoM kamase kama eka aura adhikase-adhika daza avayavoMkI mAnyatAe~ darzanazAstrameM milatI haiN| eka avayava bauddha tAkika dharmakIrtine aura daza avayava sAMkhyavidvAn yuktidIpikAkArane svIkAra kiye haiN| jaina paramparAmeM bhI daza avayava AcArya bhadrabAhune mAne haiN| yataH hetuko sabhI dArzanikoMne aGgIkAra kiyA hai aura use pradhAna aGga batalAyA hai| ataH yahA~ isa hetukA hI vizeSa vicAra kiyA jaavegaa| anumeyako siddha karaneke lie sAdhana (liGga) ke rUpameM jisa vAkyakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha hetu kahalAtA hai| sAdhana aura hetumeM yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA antara nahIM hai aura isalie unheM eka-dUsarekA paryAya mAna liyA jAtA hai / para dhyAna denepara unameM antara pAyA jAtA hai| vaha antara hai vAcya-vAcakakA / sAdhana vAcya hai, kyoMki vaha koI vastu hotA hai| aura hetu vAcaka hai, yataH usake dvArA vaha kahA jAtA hai| ataeva 'sAdhanavacanaM hetuH' aisA kahA gayA hai| ____ akSapAdane" hetukA lakSaNa batalAte hue likhA hai ki udAharaNake sAdharmya tathA vaidhaya'se sAdhya (anumeya) ko siddha karanA hetu hai| unake isa hetulakSaNase hetukA prayoga do tarahakA siddha hotA hai| eka sAdharmya aura 1. AptamI0 kA0 5 / 2. sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam |-nyaayvi0 dvi0 bhA0 2 / 1 / 50 mu0 3 / 14 / 3. hetubindu, pR0 55 / 4. yuktidI0 kA0 1 kI bhUmikA, pR0 3 tathA kA0 6, pR0 47-51 / 5. dazavai0 ni0 gA0 49, 50 / 6. 'paramANavaH santi skandhAnyathAnupapatteH' isa anumAna-prayogameM anumeya 'paramANuoM ko siddha karaneke lie prayukta sAdhana 'skandha anyathA nahIM ho sakate' hetU hai| 7. nyAya sU0 111134, 35 / vividha : 259
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________________ dUsarA vaidharmya / sAdharmyakA artha anvaya hai aura vaidhayaMkA vyatireka / sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM anumeyasiddhimeM hetuke nirdoSatvako puSTakara use sAdhaka banAte haiN| vyAkhyAkAra vAtsyAyana' aura udyotakarane ina donoM prayogoMkA samarthana kiyA hai| ina tAkikoMke matAnusAra hetuko sAdhya (pakSa) meM to rahanA hI cAhie, sAdharmya udAharaNa (sapakSa) meM sAdhyake sAtha vidyamAna aura vaidharmya udAharaNa (vipakSa) meM sAdhyAbhAvake sAtha avidyamAna bhI honA cAhie / phalataH hetuko trirUpa honA Avazyaka hai| kAzyapa (kaNAda) aura unake vyAkhyAtA prazastapAdakA bhI mata hai ki jo anumeya (sAdhya) ke sAtha sambaddha hai, anumeyane anvita (sAdharmya udAharaNa-sapakSa) meM prasiddha hai aura usake abhAva (vaidharmya udAharaNa-vipakSa) meM nahIM rahatA vaha hetu hai / aisA trirUpa hetu anumeyakA anumApaka hotA hai / isase viparIta ahetu (hetvAbhAsa) hai aura vaha anumeyako nahIM saadhtaa| baudha tArkika nyAya pravezakAra bhI trirUpa hetuke prayogako hI anumeyakA sAdhaka batalAte haiM / dharmakIti,6 dharmottara" Adine unakA samarthana kiyA hai| sAMkhya vidvAn mATharane bhI trirUpa hetupara bala diyA hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika, vaizeSika, bauddha aura sAMkhya tArkika hetuko trirUpa mAnate haiM / tarka-granthoMmeM trirUpa hetuke atirikta dvirUpa, catuHrUpa, paJcarUpa, SaDpa aura saptarUpa hetukI bhI mAnyatAeM milatI haiN| dvirUpa, catu:rUpa aura paJcarUpa hetukA ullekha udyotakara, vAcaspati aura jayanta bhaTTane kiyA aura unakA sampoSaNa kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ukta trirUpa hetukI mAnyatAke alAvA ye mAnyatAeM bhI naiyAyikoMke yahA~ rahI haiM / SaDarUpa hetukA dharmakItine12 aura saptarUpakA vAdirAjane 3 sUcana kiyA hai| para ve unakI mAnyatAe~ nahIM haiN| unhoMne unakA kevala samAlocanArtha ullekha kiyA hai| phira bhI itanA to tathya hai ki ye bhI kinhIM tAkikoMkI mAnyatAeM rahI hoNgii| jaina tAkikoMkA hetu-prayoga jaina tAkikoMne kevala eka avinAbhAvarUpa hetuko svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki hetuko sAdhyAvinAbhAvI honA cAhie-use, jise siddha karanA hai usake abhAvameM nahIM honA cAhie, usake 1. nyAyabhA0 111 / 34, 35 / 2. nyAyavA0 111134, 35; 10 118-134 / 3. 4. praza0 bhA0, pR0 100 / 5. nyAya pra0, pR0 1 / 6. nyAya bi0, pR0 22, 23; hetu bi0, pR0 52 / 7. nyAya bi0 TI0, pR0 22, 23 / 8. sAMkhyakA0 mATharavR0 kA0 5 / / 9. nyAyavA0 111134; pR0 119 / vahI 11115, pR0 46 tathA 49 / 10. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115; pR0 174 / 11. nyAyakalikA pR0 14 / 12. hetubindu pR0 68 / 13. nyAya vi0 vi0 2 / 145, pR0 178-180 / 260 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ sadbhAva meM hI honA cAhie / avinAbhAvIkA artha hai-anumaiyake binA na honA, anumeyake honepara hI honA . anyathAnupapannatva aura anyathAnupapatti usIke paryAya haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki Upara jo hetuko dvirUpa, trirUpa, catu:rUpa, paJcarUpa, SaDrUpa aura saptarUpa vibhinna dArzanikoMne batalAyA hai use svIkAra na kara jaina vicAraka hetuko mAtra ekarUpa mAnate haiN| vaha eka rUpa hai avinAbhAva, jise anyathAnupannatva aura anyathAnupapatti bhI kahA jAtA hai| samantabhadrane' AptamImAMsAmeM hetukA lakSaNa dete hue usameM eka khAsa vizeSaNa diyA hai| vaha vizeSaNa hai 'avirodh'| isa vizeSaNa dvArA unhoMne batalAyA hai ki hetu trirUpa yA dvirUpa Adi ho, usameM hameM Apatti nahIM hai, kintu use sAdhyakA avirodhI arthAt "avinAbhAvI honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| akalaGkadevane unakA Azaya udghATita karate hue likhA hai ki 'sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhayat'i isa vAkyake dvArA samantabhadrasvAmIne hetuko trirUpa sUcita kiyA aura 'avirodhataH' padase anyathAnupapattiko dikhalAkara kevala trirUpako ahetu batalAyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa 'tatpUtratva' Adi asad hetuoMmeM trirUpatA to hai, para anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai aura isalie ve anumApaka nahIM haiM / kintu jo trirUpatAse rahita haiM tathA anyathAnupapattise sampanna haiM ve hetu avazya anumApaka hote haiM / phalataH 'nityatvaikAntapakSe'pi vikriyA nopapadyate' [Apta mI0 kA0 37] ityAdi pratipAdanoMmeM anyathAnupapattikA hI Azraya liyA gayA hai| vidyAnandane bhI samantabhadrake ukta 'avirodhataH padako hetulakSaNaprakAzaka batalAyA hai| pAtrasvAmIkA koI tarkagrantha yadyapi upalabdha nahIM hotA, kintu anantavIryake' ullekhAnusAra unhoMne 'trilakSaNakadarthana' nAmakA mahattvapUrNa grantha racA thA, jisameM trirUpa hetukA nirasana kiyA gayA hogaa| tattvasaMgrahakAra zAntarakSitane to unake nAmase unakI aneka kArikAoMko apane tattvasaMgrahameM uddhRta bhI kiyA hai jo sambhavataH ukta 'vilakSaNakadarthana' kI hoNgii| zAntarakSitake vistRta uddharaNakA kucha upayogI aMza nimna prakAra haianyathetyAdinA pAtrasvAmimatamAzaMkate-- anyathAnupapannatve nanu dRSTA suhetutA / nAsati tryaMzakasyApi tasmAtklIvAstrilakSaNAH / anyathAnupapannatvaM yasyAsI heturiSyate / ekalakSaNakaH so'rthazcaturlakSaNako na vA // nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / / tenaikalakSaNo hetuH prAdhAnyAd gamako'stu naH / pakSadharmatvAdibhistvanyaiH kiM vyarthaiH priklpitaiH|| isa uddharaNameM tIsare sthAnapara sthita 'nAnyathAnupapannatvaM' kArikA jaina nyAya-granthoM meM bhI pAtrasvAmIke nAmase uddhRta milatI hai| ataH tattvasaMgraha aura jaina granthoMmeM upalabdha yaha kArikA pAtrasvAmIracita hai aura usameM trirUpa hetukA nirAsa tathA ekarUpa (anyathAnupapannatva) hetukA pratipAdana hai| 1. Apta mI0 106 / 2. aSTaza0 aSTasa0, pR0 289; AptamI0 kA0 106 / 3. aSTasa0, pR0 289; AptamI0 kA0 106 / 4. siddhi vi0 6 / 2; pR0 371-372 / 5. tattva saM0 kA 1364, 1365, 1369, 1379, pR0 405-407 / vividha : 261
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________________ siddhasenane' bhI uparyukta kArikAkI zabdAvalImeM hI 'anyathAnupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam' kahakara apanA hetulakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai / 'Iritam' kriyApada dvArA to ukta hetulakSaNakI unhoMne pUrva prasiddhi bhI sUcita kI hai| jaina nyAyako vikasita karane aura use sarvAGga pUrNa samRddha banAne vAle bhaTTa akalaGkadevane sUkSma aura vistRta vicAraNA dvArA ukta hetulakSaNako bahata sampuSTa kiyA tathA nyAyavinizcayameM pAtrasvAmIkI ukta prasiddha kArikAko granthakI 323 vIM kArikAke rUpa meM dekara use apane granthakA bhI aGga banA liyA hai| uttarakAlameM kumAranandi,' vIrasena,4 vidyAnanda,5 mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra, anantavIrya, vAdirAja, devasUri,0 zAntisUri,11 hemacandra,12 dharmabhUSaNa,3 yazovijaya,14 cArukIti5 prabhRti jaina tAkikoMne ukta hetulakSaNako hI apane tarkagranthoMmeM anusRta karake usIkA samarthana kiyA aura trairUpya, pAMcarUpya Adi hetulakSaNoMkI mImAMsA kI hai / 16 isa prakAra jaina cintakoMne sAdhyAvinAbhAvI-anyathAnupapanna hetuke prayogako hI anumeyakA sAdhaka mAnA hai| trirUpa, paMcarUpa Adi nhiiN| usake svIkArameM avyApakatva, ativyApakatva Adi doSa Apanna hote haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki yaha hetu prayoga do tarahase kiyA jAtA hai17-(1) tathopapatti rUpase aura (2) anya 1. nyAyA va0 kA0 21 / 2. nyAya vi0 kA0 2 / 154, 155 / 3. pramANa 50 pR0 72 meM uddhRta / 4. SaTkha0 dhavalA 5 / 5 / 5, pR0 280 tathA 55 / 43, pR0 245 / 5. pramANapa0 720 ta0 zlo0 1 / 13 / 193, pR0 205 / 6. parI0 mu0 3 / 15 / 7. prameyaka0 mA0 3115, pR0 354 / 8. prameyara0 mA0 3 / 11 / 9. nyA0 vi0 vi0 211, 10 2 / pra0 ni0, pR042 / 10. pramA0 na0 ta0 3 / 11 pR0 517 / 11. nyAyAva0 vA. 3 / 43, pR0 102 / 12. pramANamI0 2 / 1 / 12 / 13. nyAya0 dI0, pR0 76 / 14. jaina tarka bhA0, pR0 12 / / 15. prameya ratnAlaM0 3.15, pR0 103 / 16. vizeSake lie dekhie, lekhakakA 'jaina tarka zAstra meM anumAna vicAra : aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' zodha prabandha, prakAzaka, vIra sevAmandira-TrasTa, DumaraoNva kAlaunI, assI, vArANasI-5 (u0 pra0); 1969 / 17. vyutpannaprayogastu tathopapattyA'nyathAnupapattyaiva vaa| agnimAnayaM dezastathaiva dhUmavattvopapatte'bhavatvAnyathA nupapattervA / -parIkSAmukha 395 / hetuprayogastathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhyAM dviprakAraH iti / -pramANanayatattvA0 3 / 29 / nyAyAva0 kA0 17 / pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 4 / 262 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ thAnupapatti rUpase / tathopapattikA' artha hai sAdhyake honepara hI sAdhanakA honA; jaise agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai| aura anyathAnupapattikA Azaya hai sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA na honA; yathA agnike abhAvameM dhUma nahIM hI hotaa| yadyapi hetuke ye donoM prayoga sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatirekake tulya haiN| kintu unameM antara hai| sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM athavA anvaya aura vyatirekake sAtha niyama (evakAra) nahIM rahatA, ataH ve aniyata bhI ho sakate haiN| para tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattike sAtha niyama (evakAra) honese unameM aniyamakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai-donoM niyatarUpa hote haiN| dUsare ye donoM jJAnAtmaka hai, jaba ki sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatireka jJeyadharmAtmaka hai| ataH jaina manISiyoMne unheM svIkAra na kara tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattiko svIkAra kiyA tathA inameMse kisI ekakA hI prayoga paryApta mAnA hai, donoMkA nhiiN| 1. pra0 na0 ta0230 / ta0 zlo0 1113 / 175 / 2. vahI, 3 / 31 / 3. vahI, 3333 / nyAyAva0 kA0 17 / pra0 mI0 2 / 15,6 . vividha : 263