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________________ jaina zramaNa-paramparA kA dharma-darzana paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI saMskRta-sAhitya meM jise 'zramaNa' pada se abhihita kiyA gayA hai,' mUla meM vaha 'samaNa' saMjJApada hai, usake saMskRta chAyArUpa tIna hote haiM ..... zamana, zramaNa aura samana ! zramaNoM ---jaina sAdhuoM kI caryA ina tInoM vizeSatAoM ko liye hotI hai| jinhoMne paJcendriyoM ko saMvRta kara liyA hai, kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, jo zatru-mitra, duHkha-sukha, prazaMsA-nindA, miTTI-sonA tathA jIvana-maraNa meM samabhAvasaMpanna haiM, aura jo samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM niraMtara tatpara haiM, ve zramaNa haiM aura unakA dharma hI zramaNa dharma hai| vartamAna meM jise hama jaina dharma yA Atmadharma ke nAma se saMbodhita karate haiM, vaha yahI hai / yaha akhaNDa bhAva se zramaNa saMskRti kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / ___ loka meM jitane bhI dharma pracalita haiM unakA likhita yA alikhita darzana avazya hotA hai| isakA bhI apanA darzana hai jisake dvArA zramaNa dharma kI nIMva ke rUpa meM vyakti-svAtantrya kI akSuNNa bhAva se pratiSThA kI gayI hai| ise samajhane ke lie isameM pratipAdita tattva-prarUpaNA ko hRdayaMgama kara lenA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki samagra Agama para dRSTipAta karane se vidita hotA hai, isameM tattva-prarUpaNA ke do prakAra parilakSita hote haiM ---eka loka kI saMracanA ke rUpa meM tattva-prarUpaNA kA prakAra, aura dUsarA mokSa-mArga kI dRSTi se tattva-prarUpaNA kA prakAra / ye donoM hI prakAra eka-dUsare ke itane nikaTa haiM jisase inheM judA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kevala prayojana-bheda se hI tattva-prarUpaNA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / / prathama prarUpaNA ke anusAra jAti kI apekSA dravya chaha haiM / ve anAdi, ananta aura akRtrima haiN| unhIM ke samuccaya kA nAma 'loka' hai| isalie jaina darzana meM loka bhI svapratiSTha aura anAdi-anaMta hai| chaha dravyoM ke nAma haiM-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, kAla aura AkAza / inameM kAla dravya satsvarUpa hokara bhI zarIra ke pramANa bahu-pradezIya nahIM hai| isalie use chor3akara zeSa pAMca dravya astikAya haiM / pudgala dravya zakti yA yogyatA kI apekSA bahupradezIya hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jIva-dravya anaMta haiM, pudgala-dravya unase anaMtaguNe haiM; dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya eka-eka haiM aura kAla-dravya asaMkhya haiN| ye saba dravya svarUpa-sattA kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna haiN| phira bhI ina sabameM ghaTita ho aisA inakA eka sAmAnya lakSaNa hai, jisa kAraNa ye saba 'dravya' pada dvArA abhihita kiye gaye haiN| vaha hai-"utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat / sad dravyalakSaNam / "5 jo satsvarUpa ho vaha dravya hai, yA satsvarUpa honA dravya kA lakSaNa hai| yahAM sat aura dravya meM lakSya aura lakSaNa kI apekSA bheda svIkAra karane para bhI ve sarvathA do nahIM haiM, eka haiM-cAhe sat kaho yA dravya, donoM kA artha eka hai| isI kAraNa jaina darzana meM abhAva ko sarvathA abhAva-rUpa meM svIkAra karake bhI use bhAvAntara svabhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| niyama yaha hai ki sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, aura asat kA kabhI utpAda nahIM hotaa| aisA hote hue bhI vaha sat sarvathA kUTastha nahIM hai --kriyAzIla hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prakRta meM sat ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa meM trayAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 1. yeSAM ca virodhaH zAzvatikaH, ityasyAvakAza: zramaNabrAhmaNam / pAtaMjala bhASya, 2/4/8 2. pravacanasAra, gA0 3/26. 3. pAiyasaddamahaNNavo (koza), samaNa zabda, pR0 1083 : 4. pravacanasAra, gA0 3/40-42 5. tattvArthasUtra, 5/26-30 6. bhavatyabhAvo'pi hi vastudharmaH / yuktyanuzAsana -56 7. pravacanasAra, gA02/8-12 30 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ apane anvaya-svabhAva ke kAraNa jahAM vaha dhra va hai, vahIM vyatireka paryAyarUpa dharma ke kAraNa vahI utpAda-vyaya svarUpa hai|' ina tInoM meM kAlabheda nahIM hai| jise hama navIna paryAya kA utpAda kahate haiM, yadyapi vahI pUrva paryAya kA vyaya hai, para inameM lakSaNa-bheda hone se ye do svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka dravya eka hI kAla meM trayAtmaka hai, yaha siddha hotA hai / isa trayAtmaka dravya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye tInoM hI usake aMza sat haiN| inameM kathaMcit abheda hai kyoMki tInoM kI sattA eka hai / jo tInoM meM se kisI eka kI sattA hai vahI anya do kI hai| yaha dravya kA sAmAnya AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai| isase pratyeka dravya pariNAmI nitya hai-yaha siddha hotA hai, kyoMki samaya-samaya jo utpAda-vyaya hotA hai vaha usakA pariNAmIpanA hai, aura aisA hote hue meM vaha apane dhruvarUpa mUla svabhAva ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA, usake dvArA vaha sadA hI utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNAma ko vyApatA rahatA hai--yaha usakI nityatA hai / Agama meM pratyeka dravya ko jo anekAnta-svarUpa kahA gayA hai, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa hai| dravya meM utpAda-vyaya ye kArya haiM / ve kaise hote haiM, yaha prazna hai-svayaM yA para se ? kisI eka pakSa ko svIkAra karane para ekAnta kA doSa AtA hai, ubhayataH svIkAra karane para jIva kA mokSa svarUpa se arthAt paramArtha se kathaMcit svAzrita hai aura kathaMcit parAzrita hai, aisA mAnanA par3atA hai| samAdhAna yaha hai ki kisI bhI dravya ko anya koI banAtA nahIM hai, vaha svayaM hotA hai / ata: utpAda-vyaya rUpa kArya ko pratyeka dravya svayaM karatA hai---yaha siddha hotA hai| vahI svayaM kartA hai, aura vahI svayaM karma hai / karaNa, saMpradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa bhI vahI svayaM hai| avinAbhAva sambandhavaza usakI siddhi mAtra 'para' se hotI hai, isalie use kArya kA upacAra se sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai| para ne kiyA, yaha vyavahAra hai, paramArtha nahIM; kyoMki para ne kiyA, ise paramArtha mAnane para do dravyoM meM ekatva kI utpatti AtI hai jo yukti-yukta nahIM hai| ataH prakRta meM anekAMta isa prakAra ghaTita hotA hai| utpAda-vyaya kathaMcit svayaM hote haiM kyoMki ve dravya ke svarUpa haiM / kathaMcit para se hone kA bhI vyavahAra hai, kyoMki avinAbhAva sambandhavaza 'para' unakI siddhi meM nimitta hai|' jaina dharma meM pratyeka dravya ko svarUpa se jo svAzrita (svAdhIna) mAnA gayA hai, usakA kAraNa bhI yahI hai| jIva ne para meM ekatvabuddhi karake apane aparAdha-vaza apanA bhava-bhramaNarUpa rAga-dveSa-moha svarUpa saMsAra svayaM banAyA hai| karma-rUpa pudgala-dravya kA pariNAma usake ajJAnAdi-rUpa saMsAra kA paramArtha-kartA nahIM hotaa| para para ko kare, aisA vastu-svabhAva nahIM hai| AtmA svayaM ajJAnAdi-rUpa pariNAma ko janma detA hai, isalie vaha svayaM usakA kartA hotA hai| phira bhI isake jo jJAnAvaraNAdirUpa pudgala-karma kA bandha hotA hai, usa sambandha meM niyama yaha hai ki prati samaya jaise hI yaha jIva svarUpa se bhinna para meM ekatvabuddhi yA iSTAniSTabuddhi karatA hai, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNAdi-rUpa pariNamana kI yogyatA vAle pudgala-skaMdha svayaM usase ekakSetrAvagAha rUpa baMdha ko prApta hokara phala-kAla ke prApta hone para tadanurUpa phala dene meM nimitta hote haiN| jIva-karma kA yaha bandha anAdi-kAla se nimitta-naimittika sambandhavaza svayaM banA calA A rahA hai / vaha isake anAdipana meM nimitta nahIM hotaa| pahale hama jina chaha dravyoM kA nirdeza kara Aye haiM unameM se cAra dravya to sadA apane svabhAva ke anukUla hI kArya ko janma dete haiM / zeSa jo jIva aura pudgala do dravya haiM, unameM se pudgala kA svabhAva to aisA hai ki yaha kadAcit mUla svabhAva meM rahate hue bhI baMdha ke anukUla avasthA ke hone para dUsare pudgala ke sAtha niyamAnusAra baMdha ko prApta ho jAtA hai, aura jaba taka vaha isa avasthA meM rahatA hai, taba taka apane ikAIpane se vimukha hokara skaMdha saMjJA se vyavahRta hotA rahatA hai| isake atirikta jo jIva hai, usakA svabhAva aisA nahIM hai ki vaha svabhAva se svayaM ko karma se Abaddha kara durgati kA pAtra bne| anAdi se vaha svayaM ko bhUlA huA hai / usakI isa bhUla kA hI pariNAma hai ki vaha durgati kA pAtra banA calA A rahA hai| use svayaM meM yahI anubhava karanA hai aura usake mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM apane ajJAna-bhAva aura rAga-dveSa ko jAnakara unase mukta hone kA upAya karanA hai| yahI baha mukhya prayojana hai jise dhyAna meM rakhakara jinAgama meM tattva-prarUpaNA kA dUsarA prakAra parilakSita hotA hai| AtmAnubhUti, AtmajJAna aura AtmacaryA-ina tInoM rUpa-pariNata AtmA svayaM hI mokSa-mArga hai| unameM samyagdarzana mUla hai| 'daMsaNamUlo dhammo,'_-isI prayojana se jIvAdi nau padArtha yA sAta tattva kahe gae haiM / inameM AtmA mukhya hai| vizleSaNa dvArA usake mUla 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 5/30 2. pravacanasAra, gA02/10 3. AptamImAMsA, kA058 4. vahI, kA0 75 5. samayasAra, gA013 6. tattvArthasUtra, 1/4 jaina dharma evaM AcAra
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________________ svarUpa para prakAza DAlanA isa kathana kA mukhya prayojana hai| usI se hama jAnate haiM ki maiM cinmAtra-jyoti svarUpa akhaNDa eka AtmA huuN| anya jitanI upAdhi hai vaha saba maiM nahIM huuN| vaha mujhase bhinna hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha yaha bhI jAnatA hai ki yadyapi nara-nArakAdi jIva vizeSa, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa svarUpa ina nau padArthoM meM maiM hI vyApatA huuN| jIvana ke raMga-maMca para kabhI maiM nArakIya banakara avatarita hotA hUM to kabhI manuSya banakara; kabhI puNyAtmA kI bhUmikA nibhAtA hUM to kabhI pApI Adi kI, itanA saba hote hue bhI maiM cinmAtra jyoti-svarUpa apane ekatva ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA huuN| yahI vaha saMkalpa hai jo isa jIva ko Atma-svatantratA ke pratIka-svarUpa mokSamArga meM agrasara kara AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM samartha hotA hai| jJAna-vairAgya-sampanna mokSa-mArga ke pathika kI yaha prathama bhUmikA hai| yaha jIvoM ke Ayatana jAnakara pAMca uduMbaraphaloM tathA madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai| inake tyAga ko ATha mUlaguNa kahate haiM jo isake niyama se hote haiN| sAtha hI vItarAga deva, nirgrantha guru aura vItarAga vANI-svarUpa jinAgama isake ArAdhya hote haiN| yaha AjIvikA ke aise hI sAdhanoM ko apanAtA hai jinameM saMkalpapUrvaka hiMsA kI sambhAvanA na ho| jaise vana-dAha, tAlAba se machalI dUsarI bhUmikA kA zramaNopAsaka vratI hotA hai| vrata bAraha haiM--pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNa-vrata aura cAra shikssaa-vrt| yaha inakA nirdoSa vidhi se pAlana karatA hai / kadAcit doSa kA udbhava hone para guru kI sAkSIpUrvaka lage doSoM kA parimArjana karatA hai aura inameM uttarottara vRddhi karate hue usa bhUmikA taka vRddhi karatA hai jahAM jAkara laMgoTI mAtra parigraha zeSa raha jAtA hai| __ tIsarI bhUmikA zramaNa kI hai| yaha mahAvratI hotA hai| yaha vana meM jAkara guru kI sAkSIpUrvaka jina vratoM ko svIkAra karatA hai unheM guNa kahate haiM / ve 28 hote haiM-5 mahAvrata, 5 samiti, 5 iMdriyajaya, 6 Avazyaka aura 7 zeSa guNa / zeSa guNa, jaise khar3e hokara dina meM eka bAra bhojana-pAnI lenA, donoM hAthoM ko pAtra banAkara lenA, keza luMcana karanA, nagna rahanA aadi| isake jitanA bhI kArya hotA hai, use vaha svAvalaMbanapUrvaka hI karatA hai, mAtra isalie hI hAthoM ko pAtra banAkara AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, hAthoM se hI kezaluca karatA hai / rAtri meM bhUmi para eka karavaTa se alpanidrA letA hai, aadi| yaha saba isalie nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ki zarIra ko kaSTa diyA jaae| zarIra to jar3a hai, kucha bhI karo, use to kaSTa hotA nhiiN| yadi kaSTa hotA bhI hai to karane vAle ko hI ho sakatA hai| kintu zramaNa kA rAga-dveSa ke paravaza na hokara zarIra se bhinna AtmA kI samhAla karanA mukhya prayojana hotA hai, isalie ve saba kriyAeM use, jinheM hama kaSTakara mAnate haiM, kaSTakara bhAsita na hokara avazya-karaNIya bhAsita hotI haiN| yaha jaina dharma-darzana kA sAmAnya avalokana hai / ise dRSTi-patha meM lene para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isakA mukhya prayojana veda, Izvarakatatva aura yajJIya hiMsA kA virodha karanA pUrva meM kabhI nahIM rahA hai| isake mUla sAhitya SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyaprAmRta, kuMdakuMda dvArA racita sAhitya, mUlAcAra, ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA Adi para dRSTipAta karane se ukta tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isalie jo manISI ise sudhAravAdI dharma kahakara ise arvAcIna siddha karanA cAhate haiM, jAna par3atA hai, vastutaH unhoMne svayaM ina dharmagraMthoM kA hI ThIka taraha se avalokana kie binA apanA yaha mata banAyA hai| unheM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki vartamAna meM bhAratIya saMskRti kA jo svarUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai, use na kevala brAhmaNa yA vaidika saMskRti kahA jA sakatA hai, aura na hI zramaNa-saMskRti kahanA upayukta hogaa| yaha eka aisA tathya hai jise svIkAra kara lene para zramaNa-saMskRti se anuprANita hokara bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo nikhAra AyA hai, use AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai| isase jina tathyoM para vizeSa prakAza par3atA hai, ve nimna haiM (1) isameM sadA se pratyeka dravya kA jo svarUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, usake anusAra jar3a-cetana, pratyeka dravya meM arthakriyAkArIpanA siddha hone se, vyatireka rUpa meM paramArtha se parakatatva kA svayaM niSedha ho jAtA hai| (2) vyakti apane jIvana meM vItarAgatA ajita kare-yaha isa dharma-darzana kA mukhya prayojana hai| ahiMsA-Adi vItarAgatA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai, tathA vyavahAra-rUpa meM ve usake bAhya sAdhana haiN| mAtra isIlie jaina dharma meM ahiMsA Adi ko mukhyatA dI gaI hai| yajJAdivihita hiMsA kA niSedha karanA isakA mukhya prayojana nahIM hai / jIvana meM ahiMsA ke svIkAra karane para usakA niSedha svayaM ho jAtA hai| ye katipaya tathya haiM jinase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sudhAravAda kI dRSTi se jaina dharma kI saMracanA nahIM huI hai / vaha sanAtana hai| bhAratIya jana-jIvana para usakI amiTa chApa hai, aura yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai kyoMki jo par3osI hote haiM unameM AdAna-pradAna na ho--yaha nahIM ho sktaa| 1. samayasArakalaza, 7 2. sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/3 3. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 4 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 1/13-14 5. vahI, a02 va 5 6. pravacanasAra, gA0 3/8-6 pratyeka dravya kA jona kA svayaM niSedha ho jAnana kA mukhya prayoga 32 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha