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________________ 1 DaoN sureza sisodiyA jaina zAstroM meM varNita zikSA - sUtra pratyeka dharma paramparA meM dharma grantha kA eka mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| hinduoM ke lie veda, bauddhoM ke lie tripiTaka, pArasiyoM ke lie avestA, IsAiyoM ke lie bAIbila aura musalamAnoM ke lie kurAna kA jo sthAna aura mahatva hai, vahI sthAna aura mahatva jainoM ke lie Agama-sAhitya kA hai| sampUrNa jaina Agama-sAhitya meM naitika zikSA se sambandhita aneka sUtra dRSTigocara hote hai| arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM candravedhyaka prakIrNaka kA racanAkAla IsvI san kI pA~cavI zatAbdI se pUrva kA mAnA jAtA hai| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM sAta dvAroM ke mAdhyama se sAta guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI guNa vastutata: vyakti ke caritra-nirmANa aura usake antima lakSya samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka deha-tyAga kI prApti karane meM sahAyaka haiN| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM varNita viSaya-vastu ke zikSA-sUtra isa prakAra haiM: 1. vinaya guNa :- vinaya guNa nAmaka prathama dvAra meM jo kucha varNana prApta hotA hai usase spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI ziSya kI mahAnatA usake dvArA arjita vyApaka jJAna para nirbhara nahIM hai varan usakI vinayazIlatA para AdhArita hai| gurUjanoM kA tiraskAra karane vAle vinaya rahita ziSya ke lie to kahA hai ki vaha loka meM kIrti aura yaza ko prApta nahIM karatA hai kintu jo vinayapUrvaka vidyA grahaNa karatA hai usa ziSya ke lie kahA hai ki vaha sarvatra vizvAsa aura kIrti prApta karatA hai (2-6) / vidyA aura gurU kA tiraskAra karane vAle jo vyakti mithyAtva se yukta hokara lokeSaNA meM pha~se rahate haiM aise vyaktiyoM ko RSighAtaka taka kahA gayA hai (7-9) / vidyA ko to isa loka meM hI nahIM, paraloka meM bhI sukhaprada batalAyA hai (12) / vidyA pradAtA AcArya evaM ziSya ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jisa prakAra samasta prakAra kI vidyAoM ke pradAtA gurU kaThinAI se prApta hote haiM usI prakAra cAroM kaSAyoM tathA kheda se rahita saralacita vAle zikSaka evaM ziSya bhI muzkila se prApta hote hai (14-20) / yApanIya paramparA ke grantha mUlAcAra meM bhI vinaya guNa ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vinaya se par3hA gayA zAstra yadyapi pramAda se vismRta bhI ho jAtA hai to bhI vaha parabhava meM upalabdha ho jAtA hai aura kevalajJAna ko prApta karA detA hai| . 2. AcArya guNa:- vinaya guNa ke pazcAt AcArya guNa kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI ke samAna sahanazIla, parvata tI taraha akampita, dharma meM sthita candramA kI taraha saumyakAMti vAle, samudra ke samAna gambhIra tathA deza kAla ke jAnakara AcAryoM kI sarvatra prazaMsA hotI hai (2131) / AcAryoM kI mahAnatA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki AcAryoM kI bhakti se jahA~ jIva isa loka meM kIrti aura yaza prApta karatA hai vahIM paraloka meM vizuddha devayoni aura dharma meM sarvazreSTha bodhi ko prApta karatA hai (32) / Age kahA gayA hai ki isa loka ke jIva to kyA devaloka meM sthita devatA bhI apane Asana zayyA Adi kA tyAga kara apsarA samUha ke sAtha AcAryoM kI vandanA ke lie jAte haiM (33-34) / tyAga aura tapasyA se bhI mahattvapUrNa gurUvacana kA pAlana mAnate hue kahA gayA hai ki aneka upavAsa karate hue bhI jo gurU ke vacanoM kA pAlana nahIM karatA vaha anantasaMsArI hotA hai| (35) / 3. ziSya guNa:- AcArya guNa ke pazcAt isa prakIrNaka grantha meM ziSya guNa kA ullekha huA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki nAnA prakAra se pariSahoM ko sahana karane vAle, lAbha-hAni meM sukha-dukha rahita rahane vAle, alpa icchA meM saMtuSTa rahane vAle, zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvat khaNDa/65
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________________ Rddhi ke abhimAna se rahita, sabhI prakAra kI sevA-suzruSA meM parityAga aura guNoM kA paripAlana, ye hI dharma ke sAdhana kahe sahaja, AcArya kI prazaMsA karane vAle tathA saMgha kI sevA karane gaye haiM (72) / Age kahA gayA hai ki jo jJAna hai vahI kriyA vAle evaM aise hI vividha guNoM se sampanna ziSya kI kuzalajana kA AcaraNa hai, jo AcaraNa hai vahI pravacana arthAt prazaMsA karate hai (37-42) / jinopadeza kA sAra hai aura jo pravacana kA sAra hai, vahI Age kahA gayA hai ki samasta ahaMkAroM ko naSTa karake paramatattva hai (77) / jo ziSya zikSita hotA hai, usake bahuta se ziSya hote haiM jJAna kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kintu kuziSya ke koI bhI ziSya nahIM hotA (43) / zikSA isa loka meM atyadhika sundara va vilakSaNa hone se kyA lAbha? kise dI jAe, isa sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI ziSya kyoMki loka meM to candramA kI taraha loga vidvAna ke mukha ko meM saikar3oM dUsare guNa bhale hI kyoM na hoM kintu yadi usameM hI dekhate haiM (81) / Age kahA hai ki jJAna hI mukti kA sAdhana vinaya guNa nahIM hai to aise putra ko bhI vAcanA na dI jaae| hai, kyoMki jJAnI vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM karatA hai phira guNa vihIna ziSya ko to kyA? arthAt use to vAcanA (83-84) / anta meM sAdhaka ke lie kahA gayA hai ki jisa dI hI nahIM jA sakatI (44-51) / eka pada ke dvArA vyakti vItarAga ke mArga meM pravRtti karatA hai, 4. vinaya-nigraha guNa :- prastuta kRti meM vinaya gaNa mRtyu samaya meM bhI use chor3anA nahIM cAhie (94-97) / aura vinaya-nigraha guNa isa prakAra do svatantra dvAra haiM kintu 6. cAritra guNa : - cAritra guNa nAmaka chaThe dvAra meM vinaya gaNa aura vinaya-nigraha gaNa meM kyA aMtara hai. yaha una puruSoM ko prazaMsanIya batalAyA gayA hai, jo gRhastharUpI isakI viSayavastu se spaSTa nahIM hotA, kyoMki donoM hI dvAroM bandhana se pUrNata: mukta hokara jinendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa kI gAthAoM meM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai usakA tAtparya muni-dharma ke AcaraNa hetu pravRtta hote haiM (100) / puna: dRr3ha vinamratA yA AjJApAlana se hI hai| yadyapi prAcIna Agama granthoM dhairya manuSyoM ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo udyamI puruSa meM vinaya zabda do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai - eka vinamratA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, arati aura jugupsA ko samApta ke artha meM aura dUsarA AcAra ke niyamoM ke artha meN| prAyaH kara dete haiM, ve parama sukha ko khoja pAte haiM (104) / sabhI prasaMgoM meM vinaya kA tAtparya AcAra-nimaya hI cAratrazuddhika viSaya ma kahA gayA hai ki pAca sAmAta Ara pratiphalita hotA hai ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vinaya- tIna guptiyoM meM jisakI nirantara mati hai tathA jo rAga-dveSa nokAmona AniyoM nahIM karatA hai, usI kA cAritra zuddha hotA hai (114) / ke paripAlana se rahA hogaa| 7. maraNa guNa :- vinaya guNa, AcArya guNa, ziSyaM guNa, vinaya-nigraha nAmaka isa pariccheda meM vinaya ko mokSa kA dvAra vinaya-nigraha guNa, jJAna guNa aura cAritra guNa kA varNana karane kahA gayA hai aura isalie sadaiva vinaya kA pAlana karane kI ke pazcAt anta meM granthakAra maraNa guNa kA pratipAdana karate preraNA dI gaI hai tathA kahA gayA hai ki zAstroM kA thor3A jAnakAra hue samAdhimaraNa kI utkRSTatA kA bodha karAte haiN| ve kahate haiM puruSa bhI vinaya se karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai (54) / Age kahA / ki viSaya-sukhoM kA nivAraNa karane vAlI purUSArthI AtmA gayA hai ki sabhI karmabhUmiyoM meM ananta jJAnI jinendra devoM ke dvArA mRtyu samaya meM samAdhimaraNa kI gaveSaNA karane vAlI hotI hai bhI sarvaprathama vinaya guNa ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai tathA ise (120) / Age kahA gayA hai ki Agama jJAna se yukta kintu mokSamArga meM le jAne vAlA zAzvata guNa kahA hai| manuSyoM ke / rasalolupa sAdhuoM meM kucha hI samAdhimaraNa prApta kara pAte haiM sampUrNa sadAcaraNa kA sAratatva bhI vinaya meM hI pratiSThita honaa| kintu adhikAMza kA samAdhimaraNa nahIM hotA hai (123) / batalAyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, Age kahA hai ki vinaya rahita to samAdhimaraNa kisakA hotA hai? isa viSaya meM kahA gayA nirgrantha sAdhu bhI prazaMsita nahIM hote (61-63) / hai ki samyak buddhi ko prApta, antima samaya meM sAdhanA meM 5. jJAna guNa : jJAna guNa nAmaka pA~caveM dvAra meM jJAna vidyamAna, pApa karma kI AlocanA, nindA aura gardA karane guNa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki ve puruSa dhanya haiM, jo vAle vyakti kA maraNa hI zuddha hotA hai arthAt usakA hI jinendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa ati vistRta jJAna ko samagratayA samAdhimaraNa hotA hai (131) / sAtha hI yahA~ mRtyu ke avasara nahIM jAnate hue bhI cAritra sampanna haiM (69) / jJAta doSoM kA para kRtayoga vAlA kauna hotA hai isa para bhI carcA kI gaI hai (133-140) / vidvat khaNDa/66 zikSA-eka yazasvI karAka
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________________ kaSAyoM kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa manuSya paristhitivaza usake sAmAna ko nukasAna pahu~cane lagatA hai to ne karor3a pUrva varSa se kucha kama varSa taka cAritra kA pAlana pahale to vaha apane sAre sAmAna ko bacAne kA prayAsa karatA kiyA ho, aise dIrgha saMyamI vyakti ke cAritra ko bhI kaSAya hai kintu jaba aisA kara pAnA usake lie sahaja nahIM rahatA kSaNa bhara meM naSTa kara dete hai (143-144) / hai to vaha bahumUlya vastuoM ko naSTa hone se bacAtA hai aura sAdhucaryA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki ve sAdhu dhanya alpa-mUlya vAlI vastuoM ko naSTa hone detA hai| haiM, jo sadaiva rAga rahita, jina-vacanoM meM lIna tathA nivRta samAdhimaraNa kA vrata lene vAlA sAdhaka hI ThIka usI kaSAya vAle haiM evaM Asakti aura mamatA rahita hokara vyApArI kI taraha zarIra evaM usameM upasthita sadguNoM kI rakSA apratibaddha vihAra karane vAle, nirantara sadguNoM meM ramaNa karane karatA hai| zarIra bhI eka prakAra se sAMsArika vastu hI hai vAle tathA mokSamArga meM lIna rahane vAle hai (147-148) / aura sAmAnyatayA pratyeka prANI ko sabase adhika Asakti buddhimAna puruSa ke lie kahA gayA hai ki vaha gurU ke apane zarIra se hI hotI hai| bImArI ho jAne kI avasthA meM samakSa sarvaprathama apanI AlocanA aura AtmaniMdA kare, bhI vaha zarIra kI rakSA kA bharasaka prayAsa karatA hai kintu tatpazcAt gurU jo prAyazcit de, usakI svIkRti rUpa jaba use yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vaha apane zarIra kI rakSA "icchAmi khamAsamaNo" ke pATha se gurU ko vandanA kare nahIM kara pAegA to vaha zarIra ke prati apanI Asakti kA aura gurU ko kahe ki - Apane mujhe nistArita kiyA tyAga karake usameM rahane vAle sadguNoM kI hI rakSA karatA hai| (151-152) / yahA~ yaha kathana karane kA hamArA abhiprAya mAtra yaha hai ki Age kI gAthAoM meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karate hue samAdhimaraNa ke icchuka vyakti sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati Asakti-tyAga para bala diyA gayA hai| vastuta: Asakti hI moha kA bhI tyAga kara dete haiN| unake lie saMsAra ke samasta vaha kAraNa hai jo vyakti ko bandhana meM DAlatI hai| jisake vaibhava, sukha-duHkha, bhoga-vilAsa, sonA-cA~dI, dAsa-dAsI, kAraNa vyakti sAMsArika moha-mAyA meM pha~satA jAtA hai bandhu-bAndhava Adi sabhI kucha Atma-samAdhi kI apekSA tuccha pariNAmasvarUpa usake karma bandhana dRr3ha hote jAte haiN| yaha mAnava haiN| dAsa-dAsI Adi bhautika sampadAoM tathA svajana-parajana Adi ke prati apanA mamatva bhAva rakhatA hai aura ina heya padArthoM ko upAdeya mAna letA hai, pariNAmasvarUpa vaha janma-maraNa ke bhava- cakra meM par3a jAtA hai kintu manuSya kI mRtyu ke samaya meM na to guNa, AcArya guNa, ziSya guNa, vinaya nigraha guNa, jJAna guNa, cAritra guNa aura maraNa guNa vidhi ko sunakara unheM usI prakAra dhAraNa kareM, jisa prakAra ve zAstra meM pratipAdita haiN| isa prakAra kI sAdhanA se garbhavAsa meM nivAsa karane vAle jIvoM ke sampadA hI usakI sahAyatA kara pAtI hai| sambhavata: yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka matAvalambI apane jIvana ke antima kSaNa meM samasta prakAra ke kleSoM se mukta hokara tathA rAga-dveSa ko chor3akara bhagavAn jinadeva se prArthanA karatA hai ki he bhgvn| maiM samAdhimaraNa ke patha para calanA cAhatA hU~, isa dizA meM merA mArgadarzana karo tathA mujhe itanI zakti pradAna karo ki maiM Asakti ke sAre bandhanoM ko kATakara bodhi prApta kara sakU~ aura mAnava jIvana pAne kA yathArtha lAbha prApta kara skuuN| samAdhimaraNa lene vAle kI tulanA eka kuzala vyApArI se kI jA sakatI hai| sonA-cA~dI, hIre-javAharAta kA vyApAra karane vAle vyApArI ko yaha kabhI iSTa nahIM hogA ki usake sAmAna ko kisI prakAra se nukasAna phuNce| kadAcita ho jAte haiM (174-175) / viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se candravaidhyaka prakIrNaka eka adhyAtma-sAdhanA paraka prakIrNaka hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se gurU-ziSyoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM kA evaM ziSyoM ko vairAgya kI dizA meM prerita karane vAle zikSA-sUtroM kA saMkalana hai, jo isa grantha kI AdhyAtmika mahattA ko hI spaSTa karatA hai| sudhijana ina zikSA-sUtroM kA adhyayana kara apane jIvana ko unnata-samunnata banAye, yahI apekSA hai| zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvat khaNDa/67