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________________ jaina zAstrIya paramparA evaM Adhunika vaijJAnika mAnyatA ke sandarbha meM zrotrendriya kI prApyakAritA: eka samIkSA jaina zAstroM meM bhautika jIvana se sambandhita aneka prakaraNa pAye jAte haiM / indriyoM dvArA apane viSayoM kA jJAna kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai--yaha prakaraNa bhI inameM se eka hai evaM mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra, cakSu aura mana ko chor3akara sabhI indriyAM padArtha yA vastu se saMnikRSTa, spRSTa yA saMparkata hone ke bAda hI viSaya jJAna karAtI haiN| pUjyapAda', akalaMka, prabhAcaMdra' tathA anya AcAryoM ne apane graMthoM meM isa viSaya para tArkika vicAra kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki AMkha kI racanA aura usakI kArya paddhati ke viSaya meM prApta vaijJAnika jAnakArI ke AdhAra para cakSu ke aprApyakAritva kI paribhASA meM kiMcit saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai / isa lekha meM zrotra yA karNendriya kI prApyakAritA viSayaka mata kI samIkSA kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| isa viSaya meM nyAyakumudacandra, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, tattvArtha zlokavArtika, syAdvAdaratnAkara, ratnAkarAvatArikA, sanmatitarka TIkA evaM vIrasena kI dhavalA TIkA meM bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke zAtaka 5 uddezaka 4 meM bhI isakA ullekha hai / zrotra kI prApyakAritA saMbaMdhI tarka : zrotra ke viSaya meM bauddhoM ko chor3akara anya sabhI darzana prApyakAritA kA siddhAnta mAnate haiN| isake anusAra, zrotra anya indriyoM ke samAna hI zabda yA dhvani se saMparkata hone ke bAda hI zabdajJAna karAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jaina dhvani ko mUrta evaM pudgala mAnate haiN| yaha dhvani padArthoM ke saMghaTTana se utpanna kaMpanoM se utpanna hotI hai aura apanI samucita gati se calakara kAnoM ke parade se TakarAtI hai| yaha saMparka hI dhvanijJAna meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isa TakarAhaTa kI tIvratA, maMdatA meM dhvaniyoM kI nikaTatA tathA dUratA kA bodha hotA hai| bauddhoM ke anusAra, kAna bhI AMkha ke samAna dUra kI dhvaniyoM ko sunatA hai, ataH ise binA saMparka ke viSaya grahaNa karanA caahie| karNa-paTala para zabda ke tIvra aura maMda abhighAta usakI dUra-samIpatA kA AbhAsa karAte haiN| jaina aneka udAharaNoM se bauddhoM ke mata kA khaMDana karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki kAna ke bhItara ghuse hue samIpavartI macchara kI AvAja ko vaha sunatA hai, ata: vaha prApyakArI hai / yaha saMbhava nahIM ki koI bhI indriya dUravartI aura samIpavartI donoM prakAra ke padArthoM kA jJAna karA sake / dUratA-samIpatA kA jJAna to ghrANendriya se bhI hotA hai, aura vaha prApyakArI hai / ataH isa AdhAra para zrotra kI prApyakAritA siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| rAjavArtika ke anusAra, zabda pudgaloM meM sUkSmatA ke sAtha paryApta vega hotA hai, ve cAroM ora se kAnoM meM praveza kara sakate haiM aura unake AvAgamana meM vizeSa rukAvaTa bhI nahIM hotI hai| ye tathya zrota kI prApyakAritA kI kriyA-paddhati kA samarthana karate haiM / zrI nandalAla jaina zrotra kI prApyakAritA ke samarthana meM prabhAcaMdra ne aneka tarka die haiM jinameM zabda kI dUravartitA kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| zabda kyA dUravartI hI hotA hai ? athavA vaha dUravartI kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai, dUra deza se Akara kAna meM dhvani utpanna karatA hai yA dUra deza meM sthita rahatA hai? yadi zabda kevala dUravartI hI hotA hai, maccharAvi kI nikaTavartI dhvaniyoM meM zabda-vyavahAra nahIM hotaa| dUravartI kAraNoM se 1. pUjyapAda AcArya : sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1664 2. akalaMkadeva, tattvArthavAttika 1, vahI, 1644 3. prabhAcaMdrAcArya : (a) prameyakamalamArttaNDa, nirNaya sAgara presa, baMbaI, 1941 (ba) nyAyakumudacandra, mANikacaMdra granthamAlA, baMbaI, 1938 4. naMdalAla jaina, tulasI prajJA (presa meM) 32 AcArya ratna zrI dezamuSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ gaMdha bhI utpanna hotI hai, dUra deza se Ane kI bAta bhI gaMdha ke samAna hI hai| isalie zrotra gaMdha ke samAna hI prApyakArI siddha hotA hai| yadi dUra deza meM sthita aura utpanna zabda hI kAnoM se sunA jAtA hai, taba phira use nirvAta avasthA ke samAna vAyupUrva avasthA meM bhI nahIM sunA jAnA caahie| punazca, jo zabda vAyu ke kAna ke pAsa Ane para sunA jA sakatA hai, vahIM zabda vAyu kI viparIta dizA ke kAraNa kyoM nahIM sunA jAtA ? kyA vAyu kAna kA abhighAta karatI hai yA zabda ko naSTa kara detI hai ? yadi vAyu kAna kA abhighAta karatI hai, taba phira nirvAta meM bhI zabda zravaNa honA cAhie kyoMki zabda pradeza meM sthita vAyu kAna kA abhighAta kaise kara sakatI hai ? yadi vAyu zabda ko naSTa karatI hai, to sAmAnya vAyu pravAha meM bhI zabda zravaNa nahIM honA caahie| yadi vaha zabda ko prerita kara zrotra ke pAsa pahuMcAtI hai, to zrotra kA prApyakAritva hI siddha hotA hai / yadi zabda utpatti sthAna para hI vAyu se naSTa ho jAte hote, to maccharoM kI bhanabhanAhaTa, nagAr3e kI AvAja nathA pratidhvani kaise sunAI detI ? zabda sadaiva do vastuoM kI Takkara se utpanna hote haiM / phalataH vibhinna dezoM yA sthAnoM meM utpanna nagAr3e kI AvAja se maccharoM kI bhanabhanAhaTa kyoM sunAI nahIM detI ? lekina yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki nagAr3e kI AvAja ke kAraNa maccharoM kI bhanabhanAhaTa sunAI nahIM detI kyoMki dhvaniyAM paraspara vyatikaraNa ( abhibhava) karatI haiN| sUrya kI camaka ke kAraNa AMkheM, kabhI-kabhI dekhane meM asamartha hotI haiM / isI prakAra tIvra, zabdoM se bhI zrotra kA abhighAta hone * ke kAraNa macchara kI bhanabhanAhaTa sunAI nahIM detI / yaha tathya tabhI sahI ho sakatA hai jaba zabda prerita vAyu abhighAta kre| aisI sthiti meM nirvAta dazA meM bhI zabda sunAI dene cAhie kyoMki isa dazA meM abhighAtakara vAyu nahIM hotii| lekina zabdoM kA abhighAta evaM nirvAta meM zabda kA azravaNa- donoM hI pratyakSagamya haiM kyoMki dhvani ke prasAraNa ke lie mAdhyama anivArya hai| isIlie zabda dUra deza meM utpanna hokara gatizIla hotA hai aura karja paTala para dhvani kI anubhUti karAtA hai| sAtha hI zabda kI dUratA dUradeza ke grahaNa se hI saMbhava hai jaisA cakSu se dUra samIpastha vRkSAdi ko dekhane ke lie mAnA jAtA hai| yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki isa dUra deza kA grahaNa zrotra se hotA hai yA anya indriyoM se ? zabda grAhI zrotra se to yaha ho nahIM sakatA / yadi anya indriyoM se deza kA grahaNa ho, to usase deza kI dUratA hI prakaTa hogI, zabda kI nhiiN| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki dezagrAhI indriya aura zabda grAhI dhoja donoM ke anubhavoM ke bAda zabda kI pratIti ho kyoMki yaha kramazaH hogI jabaki vastutaH dUravartI zabda kI pratIti ekasAtha hI hotI hai| isa prakAra gaMdha ke samAna zabda bhI prApyakArI siddha hotA hai| zabda ke utpatti sthAna yA dUratA-samIpatA saMbaMdhI saMdeha karNavikAra ke kAraNa hI saMbhava hote haiN| jaina mAnyatA ke niSkarSa uparokta vivaraNa se nimna niSkarSa prakaTa hote haiM : (1) zabda mUrtta aura paudgalika ( kaNamaya) hai| vaha karNa paTala se TakarAkara dhvani kI anubhUti karatA hai / (2) zabda vicitra padArthoM kI TakarAhaTa se utpanna hotA hai / (3) zabda meM abhiSAta, abhibhava kiyA-sparza, alpa- mahatva, saMyogAzrayatA, parimANa Adi guNa hote haiM, ataH zabda mUrta hai| (4) zabda kahI bhI utpanna kyoM na ho, vaha vAyu ke mAdhyama se saMcArita hotA hai| yaha nirvAta sunAI nahIM pdd'taa| (5) zabda meM gatizIlatA hotI hai| yaha dUra deza meM bhI utpanna hotA hai aura samIpa deza meM bhI utpanna hotA hai / (6) zabda sUkSma hote haiM, ataH unake AvAgamana meM rukAvaTa nahIM hotI / (7) kAna meM yaha kSamatA pAI jAtI hai ki vaha 12 yojana (1 yojana = 4 mIla = 7 ki0 mI0) arthAt 64 kilomITara dUra utpanna zabda ko bhI suna sakatA hai| ina mAnyatAoM se zroSa kI prApyakAritA se sambandhita do bAteM jJAta hotI hai (1) zabda TAhI ke samAna padArthoM ke saMghaTTana se utpanna hotA hai| (2) zabda pracaMDa vega se calakara karNapaTala se saMparkata hotA hai aura dhvani kI anubhUti karAtA hai / hama ina donoM tantroM para hI Adhunika vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra kreNge| kAna kI saMracanA aura kAryavidhi - zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA se pUrva hameM zrotrandriya tathA dhvani viSayaka vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM kA saMkSipta jJAna Avazyaka hai| vartamAna zarIra vijJAnI' yaha mAnate haiM ki hamAre kAna kI saMracanA paryApta jaTila hai| isameM mukhyata: tIna avayava ( yA guhAyeM) hote haiM--bAhya, madhya aura aMtaraMga / bAhya avayava karNa pallava se karNa-paTala taka mAnA jAtA hai| madhyavartI avayava bAhya aura aMtaraMga avayava kA saMparka bindu hai aura isameM vibhinna AkAra kI tIna asthiyAM hotI haiM jinameM antima asthi antaH karNa ke avayava se jur3I rahatI hai| antaH karNa kI banAvaTa mUlabhulaiyA ke samAna hotI hai| isameM gupta dIvAroM tathA jhilliyoM vAlI guhAyeM hotI hai jinameM eka vizeSa prakAra kA drava bharA rahatA hai| yaha anta:karNa sira kI eka vizeSa asthi ke asthikoSa meM surakSita rUpa se sthira rahatA hai| 1. eca0 ena0 jala, jantu vijJAna, yUnivarsala buka Dipo, gvAliyara, 1678 jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha 33
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________________ ina donoM ke bIca bhI eka viziSTa drava bharA rahatA hai| asthikoSa para bAhara kI ora do chidra hote haiM jinameM se eka madhyakarNa se saMpakita rahatA hai| koI bhI zabda dhvani taraMgoM ke rUpa meM saMprasArita hokara sarvaprathama karNa pallava ke mAdhyama se karNa paTala para Apatita hotA hai| isase yaha kaMpita hone lagatA hai| isake kaMpana se madhyakarNa kI asthiyAM bhI kaMpita hotI haiM / ye kaMpana antima asthi ke mAdhyama se anta:karNa ke zaMkha meM bhare hue drava meM kaMpana utpanna karate haiM / ina kaMpanoM se grAhaka kozikAoM kI jhillI meM grathita roma kaMpita hone lagate haiM jo unheM uddIpta karate haiM / ye uddIpana zaMkha kI taMtrikAoM ke mAdhyama se mastiSka meM pahuMcate haiM aura dhvani kI anubhUti karAte haiN| kAna kI kArya paddhati se yaha spaSTa hai ki karNa paTala para zabda nahIM, apitu unake kAraNa utpanna hue mAdhyama ke kaMpana Apatita hote haiM jo use apanI viziSTa UrjA ke anurUpa kapita karate haiN| karNa paTala ke kaMpana kAna kI madhya aura anta: guhAoM meM kaMpana utpanna karate haiM jo grAhaka kozikAoM ko uddIpta kara dhvani kI anubhUti karAte haiN| zabda kI utpatti-vidhi-Adhunika dhvanizAstrI' yaha mAnate haiM ki dhvani vibhinna padArthoM ke pArasparika saMghaTanoM se utpanna hotI hai| inase eka vizeSa koTi kI UrjA utpanna hotI haiN| isase saMghaTana ke samIpavartI mAdhyama (mukhyataH vAyu) ke kaMpana utpanna hone lagate haiM / ye apanI kaMpana UrjA se jala meM patthara DAlane para utpanna hote vAlI lahariyoM ke samAna eka dhvani utpAdaka taraMga-zRMkhalA utpanna karate haiM / isa zRMkhalA ko kucha viziSTa saMvedI avayava hI grahaNa kara sakate haiM (jaise kAna, reDiyo, TelIphona Adi) jo ise dhvani ke rUpa meM anubhava karate haiM yA prakaTa karate haiM / saMghaTana-UrjA se utpanna yaha kaMpana-zRMkhalA hI hamAre karNa paTala ko prabhAvita karatI hai| kaMpana kI yaha UrjA gatika hotI hai| isalie inake phalasvarUpa utpanna dhvani ko bhI gatika UrjA kA hI eka rUpa mAnanA caahie| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki dhvani kI anubhUti ke kaMpanoM kA eka nizcita parisara (20-20,000 prati sekaMDa) hotA hai / isase kama yA adhika vegavAna kaMpana hamAre kAna kI jhillI ko yA to prabhAvita nahIM karate yA use phor3a sakate haiN| isa dhAraNA ke AdhAra para dhvani se saMbaMdhita abhibhava, vyatikaraNa, parAvartana, pratidhvani Adi sabhI guNoM kI tarka saMgata vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| zrotra kI prApyakAritA kI samIkSA-dhvani kI UrjAtmaka dhAraNA se itanA to spaSTa hai ki yadi UrjA paudgalika hotI hai, to usake guNa sAmAnya padArthoM se bhinna hote haiN| usake kaNa anaMta sUkSma hote haiM aura usakA bhAra bhI mApanIya koTi meM nahIM aataa| isIlie use prAcIna kAla meM bhArahIna mAnA gayA thaa| sAtha hI UrjA gati aura kriyA kI pratIka hai / isa dRSTi se dhvani kI paudgalikatA avyAkhyAta koTi kI hI mAnI jAnI caahie| dhvani ke sparza Adi guNoM kI mAnyatA bhI, vastuta: usake saMprasAraNa-mAdhyama ke guNoM ko hI sUcita karatI hai| dhvani kI bhautikatA kI dhAraNA meM bhI usake saMghaTTana pratyAstha hone caahie| aise saMghaTanoM meM itanI UrjA prAyaH nahIM pAI jA sakatI jo dhvani kI anubhUti karA sake / phalataH vyAvahArika dRSTi se dhvani kI amUrtatA yA atisUkSmatA hI adhika upayogI pratIta hotI hai| isa prakAra dhvani utpAdaka pradeza se dhvani nahIM, apitu dhvani-utpAdI taraMga yA kaMpana vAyu Adi ke mAdhyama se karNa paTala para pahuMcate haiN| ina paTaloM meM yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve kaMpanoM ko puna: dhvani ke rUpa meM anubhUti karA skeN| sabhI jhilliyAM yaha kAma nahIM kara sktiiN| kAna meM bane vizeSa prakAra ke ghaTaka hI yaha kAma kara sakate haiN| ise ThIka aise hI samajhanA cAhie jaise pratyeka reDiyo se sabhI sTezana nahIM sune jA sakate / pratyeka sTezana ko apanI vizeSatA hotI hai jisakA grahaNa vahI reDiyo kara sakatA hai jisameM usake lie grahaNa kSamatA ho| phalataH dhvani-grahaNa yA anubhUti UrjA ke rUpAntaraNa kA hI eka rUpa hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jaise cakSu se rUpa dekhane ke lie AMkha ke kaimare kA prakAza kI upasthiti meM padArtha se dUra-saMparka hotA hai (phalataH cakSu ko aprApyakArI yA ISat prApyakArI mAnA jAtA hai), usI prakAra kAna bhI dhvani ke utpatti sthAna se mAdhyama meM uThI taraMgoM yA kaMpanoM ke mAdhyama se apane vibhinna pardo aura taraloM dvArA dhvani kI anubhUti karAtA hai| yaha prakriyA kAna meM maccharoM kI bhanabhanAhaTa yA dUravartI ghaMTI kI AvAja Adi prakaraNoM meM samAna rUpa se lAgU hotI hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki eka prakaraNa meM kaMcana kAphI dUra taka gamana karate hai jabaki dUsare meM ye kAna meM upalabdha vAyu meM hI hote haiN| isa prakAra kAna ko bhI cakSu ke samAna hI aprApyakArI yA ISat prApyakArI mAnanA cAhie jaisA bauddha mAnate haiN| vastutaH prAraMbhika jaina mAnyatA meM do padArthoM ke sparza hone para bhI zabdotpatti mAnI gaI hai| inake saMghaTTana aura kaMpana se zabdotpatti kI bAta bAda meM AI hai| isake viparIta, nyAyamata' zabda kI utpatti tathA prasAra vIcItaraMga yA puSpakalikA nyAya se pUrvataH hI mAnatA rahA hai| vaha to zabda ko amUrta bhI mAnatA rahA hai / yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki inameM kauna-sA mata prAcIna hai, para jainoM ne ina donoM hI mAnyatAoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| yaha khaMDana unakI aneka viSayoM meM pAI jAne vAlI sUkSma dRSTi evaM tIkSNa nirIkSaNa kSamatA ke viparyAsa meM jAtA hai| 1. jI0 sI0 rAyacaudharI : bhautikI-2, sAiMsa buka Dipo, kalakattA, 1946 2. Ananda jhA : padArtha zastra, u0pra0 hindI grantha akAdamI, 1968 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granya
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________________ yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki zrotra kI prApyakAritA gaMdha ke samAna vyAkhyAta kI jAtI hai| phira bhI, yaha spaSTa hai ki gaMdhotpAdI aNu svayaM vAyavIya mAdhyama se calakara ghrANendriya se saMparka kara gaMdhAnubhUti karAte haiN| aisA cakSu aura zrotra ke viSaya meM nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yahAM pratyakSa saMparka kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| hAM, yahAM prakAza aura vAyavIya kaMpanoM kA mAdhyama avazya parokSa rUpa se kAryakArI hotA hai| zrotra ke viSaya meM to yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isa para par3ane vAle kaMpana anubhavagamya vAyu ke mAdhyama se Ate haiN| cUMki nirvAta meM kaMpana nahIM hote yA mAdhyama ke abhAva meM unameM gatizIlatA nahIM ho sakatI, ata: nirvAta meM dhvani prasArita nahIM hotii| isa tathya kA jJAna rahate hue bhI usakI vyAkhyA meM Adhunika dRSTi se antara par3a gayA hai| jahAM zAstrIya pakSa ise zrotra ke prApyakAritA kA samarthaka mAnatA hai, vahIM vaijJAnika pakSa ise mAdhyama ke abhAva meM kaMpanoM ke gatihIna hone ke kAraNa zabda ke parokSa prApyakAritva yA aprApyakAritva kA samarthana karatA hai| isa prakAra, cakSa aura zrotra donoM kI saMracanA aura kAryavidhi aba sujJAta ho cukI hai| ina donoM kI hI viSaya-grAhitA eka hI vidhi se pAI gaI hai| inameM se yadi eka ko aprApyakArI mAnA jAtA hai, to dUsare ko bhI tadanurUpa hI mAnanA hogaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zAstrIya yuga meM cakSu ke samAna karNendriya kI AMtarika racanA kA bhI acchI taraha jJAna nahIM ho pAyA thaa| usa samaya karNa paTala meM macchara kI bhanabhanAhaTa kA jJAna avazya thaa| phalata: inake pratyakSa saMparka se zrotra kI prApyakAritA prastAvita kI gii| prAraMbha se lekara aThArahavIM sadI ke aMta taka sabhI UrjAoM (USmA, prakAza, dhvani Adi) ko bhI tarala (kaNamaya) hI mAnA jAtA rahA hai| isa AdhAra para prApyakAritA kI dhAraNA saMgata baiThatI hai| para aba nae tathyoM aura ghaTanAoM ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa aura parIkSaNa isa mAnyatA meM sudhAra kI ora saMketa karate haiN| saMbhavataH isI lie AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA meM zrotra ko prApyakArI tathA aprApyakArI-donoM rUpa meM mAnA hai| jana mAnyatAnusAra, zabda kI prakRti para kucha lekhakoM ne prakAza DAlA hai para unhoMne bhI karNendriya dvArA zabda grAhitA kI vyAkhyA para mauna rakhA hai| zrotrendriya kI prApyakAritA aura bauddha mata-samIkSA zarIra dhArI jIva ko jAnane ke sAdhana rUpa sparzanAdi pAMca indriyAM hotI haiN| mana ko ISat indriya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Upara dikhAI dene vAlI to bAhya indriyAM haiN| inheM dravyendriya kahate haiN| inameM bhI cakSupaTalAdi to usa indriya ke upakaraNa hone ke kAraNa upakaraNa kahalAte haiM; aura andara meM rahane vAlA AMkha kA va Atma pradezoM kI racanA vizeSa nivRtti indriya kahalAtI hai| kyoMki vAstava meM jAnane kA kAma inhIM indriyoM se hotA hai upakaraNoM se nahIM / parantu inake pIche rahane vAle jIva ke jJAna kA kSayopazaya va upayoga bhAvendriya hai, jo jAnane kA sAkSAt sAdhana hai| uparokta chahoM indriyoM meM cakSu aura mana apane viSaya ko sparza kie binA hI jAnatI haiM, isalie AprApyakArI haiN| zeSa indriyAM prApyakArI haiN| prazna-bauddha kahate haiM-zrotra bhI cakSu kI taraha AprApyakArI hai kyoMki vaha dUravartI zabda ko suna letA hai ? uttara--yaha mata ThIka nahIM, kyoMki zrotra kA dUra se zabda sunanA asiddha hai| vaha to nAka kI taraha apane deza meM Ae hue zabda pudgaloM ko sunatA hai / zabda vargaNAeM kAna ke bhItara pahuMcakara hI sunAI detI haiN| yadi kAna dUravartI zabda ko sunatA hai to use kAna ke bhItara ghuse hue macchara kA bhinabhinAnA nahIM sunAI denA cAhie, kyoMki koI bhI indriya ati nikaTavartI va dUravartI donoM prakAra ke padArthoM ko nahIM jAna sktii| prazna-zrotra ko prApyakArI mAnane para bhI 'amuka deza kI amuka dizA meM zabda hai' isa prakAra digdezaviziSTatA ke sAtha virodha AtA hai ? uttara--nahIM, kyoMki vegavAn zabda pariNata pudgaloM ke tvarita aura niyata dezAdi se Ane ke kAraNa usa prakAra kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| zabda pudgala atyanta sUkSma haiM, ve cAroM ora phailakara zrotAoM ke kAnoM meM praviSTa hote haiN| kahIM pratighAta bhI pratikUla vAyu aura dIvAra Adi se ho jAtA hai| ___---zrI jinendra varNI, jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-1, pR0 314, 318 se uddhRta 1. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI (vi0) : tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), varNI granthamAlA, 1946 2. je0 sI0 sikadara : jaina thyorI Ava sAuMDa. risarca jarnala Apha philAsaphI, 1673 jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha