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________________ jaina zAsaka amoghavarSa prathama ___DaoN. dInabandhu pANDeya rASTrakUTa zAsaka amoghavarSa prathama ne 814 I. ke lagabhaga prArambha' se lekara 878 I. taka zAsana kiyaa| amoghavarSa prathama jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thA kintu apane jIvana meM usane aisA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jisase vaha dharma sahiSNutA ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prastuta hotA hai| anya dharmoM ke sAtha usakI pUrNa sadbhAvanA thii| dharma, sAhitya evaM kalA kA pujArI tathA prajAvatsala honA amoghavarSa prathama ke vyaktitva kA AkarSaka pahalU hai| amoghavarSa prathama ke zAsana ke antima kucha dazaka rAjanaitika daSTi se zAntipUrNa jAna par3ate haiN| isa zAntipUrNa samaya kA pUrA-pUrA upayoga usane apane sAMskRtika evaM prajA hitArtha kAryoM ke lie kiyA hogaa| amoghavarSa prathama jaina matAvalambI, syAdvAda' sampradAya kA anuyAyI evaM jinasena kA ziSya thA / prajA ke hita kA vaha dhyAna rakhatA thaa| saMjAna abhilekha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki prajA para AI vipatti ko dUra karane ke lie usane jImUtavAhana, dadhIci evaM zibi kI paramparA meM mahAlakSmI kI pUjA meM apanI eka u~galI hI arpita kara dI thii|" bhaTTAkalaMka ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM amoghavarSa prathama kI baliko, jImUtavAhana, dadhIci evaM zibi kI tulanA meM kaI gunA zreSTha batAyA hai / / __ amoghavarSa prathama svayaM kavirAjamArga nAmaka grantha kA racayitA thaa| yaha grantha kannar3a bhASA kA prathama kAvyazAstrIya grantha hai| isa zAsaka ne vibhinna sAhityakAroM ko prazraya evaM saMrakSaNa bhI pradAna kiyaa| 12 vIM se 16 vIM zatAbdI taka ke kaI sAhityakAroM ne amoghavarSa prathama dvArA sAhityakAroM ko prazraya dene ke guNa kI prazaMsA kI hai| AdipurANa ke lekhaka jinasena evaM guNabhadra kA vaha saMrakSaka thA / ' zAkaTAyana evaM vIrasena ne amoghavarSa prathama ke kAla meM hI kramazaH zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI amoghavRtti tathA guNadhara racita kasAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalATIkA'' likhiiN| ina donoM granthoM ke nAma amoghavarSa prathama ke sammAna meM hI usakI upAdhiyoM para rakhe gaye haiN|2 isI zAsaka ke kAla meM mahAvIrAcArya ne apane gaNitasArasaMgraha nAmaka grantha ko pUrA kiyA / 3 / kalA evaM sthApatya ke saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM amoghavarSa prathama ko hama elorA ke brAhmaNa evaM jaina layaNoM ke nirmANa ke sandarbha meM dekha sakate haiN| yahA~ ke dazAvatAra parisaMvAda -4
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________________ 74 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana nAmaka zaiva layaNa meM amoghavarSa prathama kA eka abhilekha aMkita hai|14 isa lekha prApti ke AdhAra para dazAvatAra layaNa ke nirmANa meM amoghavarSa prathama ke sahayoga kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| elorA ke jaina layaNoM kA nirmANa lagabhaga 9vIM zatAbdI meM huA thaa|15 yadyapi hameM koI spaSTa sAkSya nahIM prApta hai kintu amoghavarSa prathama kA ina layaNa nirmANoM se asambaddha honA nahIM jAna pdd'taa| saMjAna abhilekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki amoghavarSa prathama gupta zAsaka candragupta dvitIya kI tulanA meM gurutara caritra tathA dAna dene vAlA thA / 17 ina donoM zAsakoM ke vyaktitva meM kAphI samAnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| donoM ne hI rAjanItika parezAniyoM ke sAtha zAsana prArambha kiye aura kramazaH apanI sthiti ko sudRr3ha banA kara vidrohoM kA damana evaM vijaya abhiyAna kiye / amoghavarSa prathama ke prArambhika dinoM kI parezAniyA~ kucha bhinna prakAra kI evaM gurutara thiiN| donoM hI zAsaka prajAvatsala evaM dhArmika the aura sAhitya tathA kalA ke abhivarddhaka evaM saMrakSaka the| saMjAna abhilekha ke racayitA ne amoghavarSa prathama kI tulanA meM candragupta dvitIya ko ucita hI prastuta kiyA hai| rASTrakUTa zAsaka ke gurutara vyaktitva kA ullekha bhI ucita hI hai / rASTrakUTa itihAsa meM amoghavarSa prathama kA gurutara vyaktitva sadA hI mAnya rahA / guNadhara racita kasAyapAhuDa kI vIrasena kRta jayadhavalA TIkA kI prazasti meM bhI gurjara narendra ke rUpa meM amoghavarSa prathama kI kIti ko candramA ke samAna svaccha tathA usake madhya gupta nareza kI kIrti ko macchara ke samAna kahA gayA hai| jaina matAvalambI amoghavarSa prathama ke zAsanakAla meM jaina dharma ko pUrNa saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| apane samaya ke jaina AcAryoM kA usane pUrNa sammAna evaM saMrakSaNa kiyaa| AcArya jinasena ko usane apanA guru mAnA thA / jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra ko usane apane putra kRSNa dvitIya ke guru ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA thaa| amoghavarSa prathama ke kAla meM hI jinasena evaM guNabhadra kRta AdipurANa, guNadhara kRta kasAyapAhuDa kI vIrasena kRta jayadhavalA TIkA evaM zAkaTAyana dvArA apane vyAkaraNa kI amoghavRtti nAmaka TIkA racI gaI / amoghavarSa prathama ke sAmantoM meM baMkeya jaina dharmAvalambI thA / 19 saundattI ke sAmanta bhI jaina the / kAnnUra abhilekha meM amoghavarSa prathama ko jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke lie dAna detA huA ullikhita kiyA gayA hai|21 elorA kI jaina guphAoM ke nirmANa meM bhI sambhavataH amoghavarSa prathama kA yogadAna rahA / 22 jaina paramparA meM bhI isa zAsaka ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| banavAsI ke kucha jaina vihAra use kaI dhArmika niyamoM ke pratisthApaka ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / 23 parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 75 jaina zAsaka amoghavarSa prathama jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa dene ke sAtha hI sAtha amoghavarSa prathama ne svayaM tathA usake anya rAjakIya padAdhikAriyoM ne bhI dUsare dharmoM ke prati pUrNa sadbhAva rakhA / abhilekhoM meM prApta usake devatA sambandhI vizvAsa, devatAoM kI prazastiyoM evaM kiye gaye dAnoM Adi se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki rAjya zAsana apanI dhArmika nIti meM atyadhika udAra thaa| amoghavarSa prathama ne loka upadrava ko zAMta karane ke lie mahAlakSmI kI pUjA kI thI jisameM usane apane zarIra kA eka aMga hI arpita kara diyA thA / 24 usakI rAjamudrA para garur3a mudrA kA spaSTa ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai / 25 abhilekhoM ke prArambha meM prApta deva prazastiyoM tathA kiye gaye dAnoM ke ullekhoM se tatyugIna dhArmika sahiSNutA para vizeSa prakAza par3atA hai| amoghavarSa prathama ke konnUra abhilekha meM jinendra kI prazasti ke sAtha hI sAtha viSNu kI bhI prazasti kI gaI hai| vIra nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM aisA jAna par3atA hai ki amoghavarSa prathama viSNu ke avatAra ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA thaa|27 isa sandarbha meM usakI lakSmIvallabha tathA zrIvallabha upAdhiyA~ ullekhya haiN| amoghavarSa prathama evaM usake sAmanta zAsakoM ke kaI abhilekhoM meM viSNu evaM ziva kI sAtha-sAtha prazasti kahI gaI hai / 28 amoghavarSa prathama ke samaya ke nIlaguDa abhilekha meM viSNu evaM ziva ke sAtha-sAtha brahmA, indra evaM pArvatI kA bhI ullekha huA hai / 29 gujarAta zAkhA ke rASTrakUTa zAsaka dantivarmA ke gujarAta abhilekha meM buddha ko namaskAra ke sAtha viSNu evaM ziva kI prazasti bhI prApta hai| yaha abhilekha bauddhoM ko diye gaye dAna se sambandhita hai| elorA ke dazAvatAra nAmaka zaila layaNa ke nirmANa meM saMbhavataH amoghavarSa prathama ne ruci lI thii|' isa layaNa meM aMkita isa zAsaka ke abhilekha kA Arambha om namaH zivAya se kiyA gayA hai / 32 amoghavarSa prathama ke kAla ke mantravADi evaM ziggauna abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki sAmanta zAsakoM ne sUrya evaM ziva mandiroM ke lie dAna diye / 33 amoghavarSa prathama ne isa prakAra na kevala prajAvatsalatA, sAMskRtika abhiruci evaM dhArmika sahiSNutA kA eka mAnadaNDa sthApita kiyA balki zAsakoM kI paramparA meM eka jaina zAsaka ke rUpa meM mahAn yogadAna diyA / pAda TippaNiyA~ 1. govinda tRtIya ke tokhaMDe abhilekha se usake zAsanakAla kI antima jJAta tithi 14 disambara 812 I. (epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 3, pR0 54, paMkti 1-2) evaM amoghavarSa prathama ke sirura abhilekha meM ullikhita usake zAsana ke 52veM varSa kI tithi 866 I. ke AdhAra para gaNanA ke anusaar| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 76 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana 2. kaNherI abhilekha ke AdhAra para (iNDiyana eNTikverI, bhAga 13, pRSTha 135) jayadhavalA TIkA kI parisamApti tithi ke AdhAra para yaha tithi mAnanA (sI0 Ara0 kRSNamAcArya, sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, bhAga 11, khaNDa 1, prastAvanA, pR0 5; e0 esa0 altekara, di rASTrakUTaja eNDa deyara TAimsa, pR0 87) ucita nahIM hai kyoMki parisamApti tithi 837 I. hai| ____ amoghavarSa prathama ke putra kRSNa dvitIya ke zAsanakAla kI jJAta prAraMbhikatama tithi 888 I. (epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 13, pR0 189, paMkti 2-3) hai| amoghavarSa prathama kI mRtyu 878 se 888 I0 ke bIca kabhI huI hogI, kintu kRSNa dvitIya ke zAsana prAraMbha kI nizcita tithi ke jJAta na hone ke kAraNa mRtyu tithi ko nizcaya pUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yadi 888 I. kRSNa dvitIya ke zAsana kA AraMbhika varSa mAnA jAya to amogha varSa prathama kA zAsanakAla 10 varSa ke lagabhaga aura bar3ha jaaegaa| 3. vidhvastaikAntapakSasya syAdvAdanyAyavAdinaH / devasya nRpatuMgasya vardhatAM tasya zAsanam // -mahAvIra kRta gaNitasArasaMgraha, maMgalAcaraNaM, zloka 8 / eka anya sandarbha meM syAdvAda kA ullekha amoghavarSa prathama ke konnUra abhilekha meM bhI prApta hotA hai (epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 6, pRSTa 37, zloka 44) / 4. yasya prAMzunakhAMzujAlavisaraddhArAntarAvirbhavatpAdAmbhojarajaH pizaGkamukuTapratyagraratnadyutiH / saMsmartA tvamoghavarSanRpatiH pUtAhamotyalaM sa zrImajjinasenapUjyabhagavatpAdo jaganmaGgalam // -guNabhadraracita uttarapurANa, prazasti, zloka 9 / 5. sarpa pAtumasau dadau nijatanuM jImUtaketossutaH zyenAyAtha ziviH kapotaparirakSArthaM dadhIco'thine / tepyekekamatarvyayankila mahAlakSmyai svavAmAMguliM lokopadravazAntaye sma dizati zrovIranArAyaNaH / / -epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 18, pR0 248, zloka 47 / 6. karNATaka zabdAnuzAsanam, pR0 194; iNDiyana eMTikverI, bhAga 33, pR0 198 / 7. di jarnala Apha di bAmbe brA~ca Apha di rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI, bhAga 22, pR0 81; kavirAjamArga, ke. bI. pAThaka saMpAdita, 1898 / 8. vahI / prazaMsA karane vAle sAhityakAra haiM nAgavarmA dvitIya (1150 I.) kezirAja (1225 I.) evaM bhaTTAkalaMka (1600 ii.)| 9. di jarnala Apha di bAmbe brAMca Apha di rAyala eziyAThika sosAyaTI, bhAga 22, pR0 85 / jinasena ne amoghavarSa prathama kA ullekha apane pArvAbhyudaya (aMtimasarga, zloka 70) meM kiyA hai-bhuvanamavatu devaH sarvadAmoghavarSaH / / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 77 jaina zAsaka amoghavarSa prathama 10. sUtra 'khyAte dRzye' (4 / 3 / 208) ke udAharaNa rUpa meM 'adahadamaughavarSo'rAtIn' ullikhita hai / amoghavarSa prathama dvArA zatruzAsakoM ke dAha kA ullekha eka abhilekha meM bhI prApta hotA hai-'bhUpAlAtkaMDikAbhi (kaMTakAmAn) sapadi vighaTitAnveSThayitvA dadAha |'-(kaapddvNj abhilekha, epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 1, pR0 54, zloka 9) / 11. amoghavarSa rAjendrarAjyaguNodayA |--smaaptaa jayadhavalA prAbhRtavyAkhyA // -jayadhavalATIkA, prazasti, zloka 8, 12 / 12. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 5 ambAlAla pre0 zAha, vArANasI, 1969, prastAvanA, pR0 29 / 13. zrImatAmoghavarSeNa yena sveSTAhitaiSiNA / .... .... .... .... .... .... .... devasya nRpatuMgasya vardhatAM tasya zAsanam / / -maMgalAcaraNa, zloka 3, 8 / 14. ArkayolAjikala sarve Apha vesTarna iMDiyA, bhAga 4, pR0 87-89 / 15. iNDiyana ArkiTekcara, bhAga 1, pI. brAuna, bambaI, 1956, pR0 90 di ArTa Apha di rASTrakUTaja, e0 gosvAmI evaM o. sI. gAMgulI, kalakattA, 1958, pR0 24-25 / 16. vahI / 17. hatvA bhrAtarameva rAjyamaharadevIM ca dInastato lakSma koTimaleravayatkila kalau dAtA sa guptAnvayaH / yenAtyAji tanuH svarAjyamasakRdvAhyAtyarthakaH kA kthaa| hrIstasyonnatirASTrakUTatilako dAteti kIAmapi / -saMjAna abhilekha, epigrAphiyA iMDikA, bhAga 18, pR. 248, zloka 48 / 18. gUrjaranarendrakIrterantaHpatitA shshaangkshubhryaa| guptava guptanRpateH zakasya mazakAyate kIttiH // -prazasti, zloka 12 / 19. konnUra abhilekha, epigrAphiyA iMDikA, bhAga 6, pR0 31, zloka 35-36 / 20.di jarnala Apha di bAmbe brAMca Apha di rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, bhAga 10 pR0 167 evaM aage| 21. epinAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 6, pR0 31 zloka 35 evaM Age / 22. draSTavya. upari pAda TippaNI 17, 15 / eka jaina maMdira ke lie diye gaye dAna kA saMdarbha amoghavarSa prathama ke kAla ke rANevennUra kannar3a zodha saMgrahAlaya abhilekha meM bhI prApta hai / -karNATaka iMskripzasa, bhAga 1, pR0 14-16) / 23. draSTavya, e. esa. altekara, di rASTrakUTaja eNDa deyara TAimsa, pRSTha 312 / 24. saMjAna abhilekha, zloka, 47, upari TippaNI 5 meM uddhRta / 25. saMjAna abhilekha, zloka 50 (bhagnA samastabhUpAlamudrA garur3amudrayA) konnUra abhilekha, zloka 13 (garur3amudrayA) evaM sirura abhilekha paMkti 13 (garUr3a laanychn)| mudrA para parisaMvAda 4
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana garur3a kI pratikRtti ke lie draSTavya, amoghavarSa prathama kA javakher3a abhilekha, epigrApiyA iNDikA bhAga 32, pRSTha 129, TippaNI 1, phalaka 3; dantivarmA kA gujarAta abhilekha vahI, bhAga 6, pRSTha 285; amoghavarSa ke samaya kA hUvina-hippagi abhilekha, sAutha iMDiyana iMskripzaMsa, bhAga 11, khaMDa 1, pRSTha 5, TippaNI 1 / karka suvarNavarSa ke bar3odA abhilekha (iMDiyana eMTikverI, bhAga 12, pRSTha 156) evaM dhruva dvitIya ke bagumarA abhilekha (vahI pRSTha 189) kI mudrAoM para ziva kA aMkana kahA gayA hai| kintu ye aMkana garur3a ke hI jAna par3ate haiM / inameM se karka suvarNavarSa ke abhilekha kI mudrA prakAzita hai (vahI, pRSTha 156 ke sAmane kA phalaka) jisameM garUr3a ke paMkha spaSTa draSTavya hai| anya dhArmika pratIkoM meM svastika kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jinakA aMkana amoghavarSa prathama ke kAla ke sauraTUra abhilekha meM prApta hai (sAutha iMDiyana iMskripzaMsa, bhAga 11, khaNDa 1, pRSTha 8 TippaNI 3) / 26. zriyaH priyassaMgatavizvarUpassudarzanacchinnaparAvalepaH / dizyAdanaMtaH praNatAmareMdraH zriyaM yAMdyaH prabhavo jinendraH // anantabhogasthitiratra pAtu vaH pratApazIlaprabhavodayAcalaH / surASTrakUTojjitavaMzapUrvajassa vIranArAyaNa eva vo vibhuH / / -konnUra abhilekha, zloka 1-2, epigrAphiyA iMDikA, bhAga 6, pRSTha 39 / 27. vahI, zloka 2 / 28. amoghavarSa prathama ke saMjAna, javakheDa, tarasAdI evaM sirura abhilekha tathA usake kAla ke nIlaguMDa abhilekha evaM dantivarmA ke gujarAta abhilekhoM meM nimna zloka pAyA jAtA hai sa vo'vyAdvedhasA dhAma yannAbhikamalaM kRtaM / harasya yasya kAntendukalayA kamalaM kRtaM // 29. jayati bhuvanakAraNaM svayamUjjita purandranandano murAriH / jayati girisutA niruddhadeho duritamayApaharo harazca devaH / / viSNu evaM ziva ke saMbaMdha meM dUsarA zloka vahI hai jo TippaNI 28 meM uddhRta hai (epi grAphiyA iMDikA, bhAga 6, pRSTha 102, zloka 1, 2) / 30. vahI, pRSTha 277, pNkti| 31. draSTavya, upari TippaNI 14, 15 / 32. AyolAjikala sarve Apha vesTarna iMDiyA, bhAga 5, pRSTha 87, paMkti / 33. epigrAphiyA iMDikA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 211 evaM Age, karNATaka iMskripzaMsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 13 evaM aage| sudRSTipurI DigrI kAleja, baliyA, u0 pra0 . parisaMvAda-4