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________________ jaina sAMskRtika garimA kA pratIka bandelakhaNDa zrI vimalakumAra jaina sorayA bundelakhaNDa bhArata kA eka aisA bhU-bhAga hai jo madhya pradeza aura uttara pradeza ke lagabhaga 22 jiloM kI sImA meM AtA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya, kalA, saMgIta, vAstukalA Adi vividha kSetroM meM dharma evaM saMskRti kI vyApakatA bundelakhaNDa meM bahuta phalavatI huI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isa kSetra ne sAhitya-seviyoM meM vAlmIki, vedavyAsa, guNabhadra, bhavabhUti, mitramizra, jaganika, tulasI, kezava, bhUSaNa, padmAkara, bihArI, candrasakhI, IsurI, rAyapravINa, subhadrAkumArI, seTha govindadAsa, maithilIzaraNa gupta, vRndAvanalAla varmA jaise zatazaH sAhitya-devatAoM ko janma dene kA gaurava prApta kiyA hai-to zaurya nakSatroM meM raNabAMkure AlhA-Udala, virATA kI padminI, chatrasAla, haradaula, akalaMka, nikalaMka, durgAvatI, rAnI lakSmIbAI, candrazekhara AjAda jaise sahasroM vIroM ko utpanna karane kA gaurava lie hai| sonAgira, khajurAho, devagar3ha, canderI, thUbauna, ajayagar3ha, gvAliyara, papaurA, nainAgiri, kuNDalapura, pAvAgira, madanapura, droNagira, citrakUTa, orachA, kAliMjara, amarakaMTaka, sUryamaMdira sIrona Adi sthApatya-kalA ke advitIya kalAgar3ha aura tIrthoM ko apane aMcala meM saMjoe bundelakhaNDa ke zatAdhika kSetra Aja bhI isa bhU-bhAga kI garimA ko yugoM-yugoM ke thaper3e khAkara jIvita rakhe haiN| saMgota-samrATa tAnasena, mRdaGgAcArya kudaU, vizvajayI gAmA, citrakAra kAlIcaraNa jaise agaNita rasasiddha kalAvaMta upajAkara tathA pannA kI hIrA khadAna, bheDAghATa kA saMgamaramara tathA vindhya zRkhalAoM meM surakSita sonA, cAMdI, maiganIja, tAMbA, lohA, abhraka Adi khanija sampatti ke bhaNDAroM se yukta Aja bhI bundelakhaNDa bhArata ko pratiSThA meM apanA sthAna rakhe hai / IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI se Aja taka kI sAmAjika, dhArmika, naitika, AcaraNika, vyAvahArika Adi vividha AyAmoM kI prAmANika jAnakArI ke lie bundelakhaNDa bhArata meM gaurava kA sthAna prApta kie hai| yahAM zilpa kalA, saMskRti, zikSA, sAhasa, zaurya adhyAtma kA dhanI, prakRti aura khanija padArthoM kA jItA-jAgatA gar3ha rahA hai| yahAM ke janamAnasa meM sadaiva AcaraNa kI gaMgA pravAhita hotI rahI hai| kalA aura saMskRti ke advitIya gar3ha yahAM kI garimA ke pratIka bane haiN| yahAM kA kaMkara-kaMkara zaMkara kI pAvana bhAvanA se dhanya hai| vizva meM bhArata jahAM apanI AdhyAtmika garimA aura saMskRti-sabhyatA meM sadaiva agraNI rahA hai| vahAM bundelakhaNDa bhArata ke lie apanI AdhyAtmika paramparA aura saMskRti meM itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA prastuta karane meM agrasara rahA hai| adhyAtma kI pradhAnatA hamAre deza kI paramparAgata nidhi rahI hai tathA bhAratIya saMskRti meM adhyAtma kI maMgala jyoti sadaiva prakAzavAna rahI hai| bhArata kA darzana-sAhitya-mUrtiyA~-bhASAeM-vAstukalAeM-zAsana vyavasthAeM sabhI meM adhyAtma kI AtmA pravAhita hai| dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko zAzvata banAe rakhane ke lie hI vipula parimANa meM maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| maMdiroM kI racanA aura unameM citrita kalAe~ usa yuga kI sAmAjika aura dhArmika paramparAoM kI aitihAsika thAtI haiN| hameM prAmANika itihAsa kI puSTi aura saMskRti kA svarUpa inhIM pratimAnoM se upalabdha huA hai| bundelakhaNDa meM sthapatiyoM, zilpiyoM, kalAkAroM evaM kalA-prerakoM ne adhyAtma-pradhAna kRtiyAM nirmita kii| unakA jhukAva prAyaH kalA kI apekSA pariNAmoM kI ora vizeSa rahA hai| ataH kalAgata vilakSaNatA ine-gine sthAnoM meM hI dekhane ko milatI hai| AdimayugIna evaM prAgaitihAsika kAla kI saMskRti kA jItA-jAgatA citraNa yadi bhArata meM Aja bhI jIvanta hai to usakA kendra bundelakhaNDa hI hai| usa yuga ke citra va kalAeM Aja bhI maMdiroM evaM guphAoM meM vidyamAna haiN| yahAM ke prAyaH jaina maMdira aura mUrtiyAM, gar3ha, guphAeM, bIjaka paTa, zilAlekha Adi isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM, ki bhAratIya paramparAoM meM jana-jIvana, sAmAjika vyavasthA aura dhArmika paramparA kahAM kaba aura kitanI phalIbhUta evaM pallavita huI hai| __ aitihAsika dRSTi se hama Adima yuga se lekara vartamAna kAla taka bhAratIya saMskRti ke antargata zramaNa saMskRti kA paryAvekSaNa itihAsa-krama ke AdhAra para 6 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM : (1) prAgaitihAsika kAla-jo IsvI pUrva 600 se bhI pahale mAnA gayA hai--meM maMdiroM ke nirmANa hone ke pramANa sAhitya meM ullikhita haiM : (2) maurya aura zuMgakAla-IsvI pUrva 500-maMdiroM kA pracura mAtrA meM nirmANa kArya huaa| isa yuga kI mudrAoM para aMkita maMdiroM ke cihna isa satya ke sAkSI haiN| vidizA, bUr3hI canderI (bundelakhaNDa ke aitihAsika sthala haiM) kI khudAI ke samaya prApta viSNu maMdira, pArzvanAtha maMdira, zAntinAtha maMdira ke avazeSa I0 pUrva 200 jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 146
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________________ varSa ke haiM / mauryakAlIna brAhmI lipi kA bhI prayoga yahAM ke tIrthoM va zilApaTToM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| (3) zaka-sAtavAhanakAla-IsApUrva 200 varSa taka isa kAla kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai / isa yuga meM jaina madiroM kA vipula mAtrA meM nirmANa honA pAyA jAtA hai / isa yuga ke maMdiroM ke avazeSa aneka prAcIna sthaloM jaise sIrona-madanapura-maDakherA Adi para Aja bhI pAe jAte haiN| (4) kuSANakAlaIsA kI pahalI zatI se 3 zatI taka kA kAla hai| isa yuga meM maMdiroM ke sAtha hI rAjAoM kI pratimAoM kA bhI nirmANa huA hai jinheM deva-kula kI saMjJA se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA thaa| isa kAla ke maMdira bhArata meM mathurA, ahikSetra, kampalajI, hastinApura meM haiM tathA bundelakhaNDa meM to isa yuga kI pratimAeM aneka jagaha pAI jAtI haiN| (5) guptakAla-IsA kI cauthI se chaThI zatAbdI taka kA samaya hai| isa kAla meM maMdiroM kI kalA-kRti sundaratA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huI / bundelakhaNDa ke tIrthoM meM devagar3ha- canderI madanapura - sIrona-maDakherA Adi sthAnoM meM isa yuga ke maMdira pAe gae haiN| dvAra-stambhoM kI sajAvaTa, toraNa dvAra para devamUrtiyoM, laghuzikhara evaM sAmAnya garbha-gRha se yukta maMdira isa yuga kI zailI ke pratimAna rahe haiN| viziSTa prakAra kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa isa yuga kI vizeSatA hai jo prAyaH bundelakhaNDa ke adhikAMza prAcIna tIrthasthaloM meM milatI hai| (6) guptottarakAla-IsA kI 7vIM zatAbdI se 18vIM zatAbdI taka ke samaya kA isa zreNI meM samAhAra karate haiN| varddhana kAla-gurjara pratihArakAla-candelI zAsana kAla-mugalamarAThA kAla evaM aMgrejI zAsana kAla taka kA samaya guptottara kAla meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| isa yuga meM maMdiroM ke zikhara kI sAjasajjA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| isa kAla meM cAra prakAra kI zailI mukhya rUpa se pracalita huI-(a) gurjara pratihAra zailI-isa zailI ke antargata nirmita maMdiroM ke bhItara garbha-gaha aura sAmane maNDapa banAyA jAtA thaa| kalA aura sthApatya kI paryApta saMvRddhi isa samaya huii| prAyaH adhikAMza jaina tIrtha isake sAkSIbhUta pramANa haiN| (ba) kalacurI zailI-isameM maMdiroM ke bAharI bhAgoM kI sAja-sajjA vizeSa rUpa se pAI jAtI hai| maMdiroM ke zikhara kI UMcAI bhI bahata hotI hai| isa zailI ke maMdiroM kI bAhya bhitti kalA apane Apa meM advitIya hai| khajurAho to isa kalA kA gaDha hI hai| (sa) candela zailI-isameM maMdiroM kI zikhara-zailI utkRSTa rUpa meM prApta huI hai| raticitroM kA vikAsa bhI isa zailI ke maMdiroM meM huA hai jo maMdira kI bAhya bhittiyoM para gar3he gae haiN| isa zailI ke maMdira canderI-khajurAho-devagar3ha Adi meM paryApta mAtrA meM sthita haiN| (6) kacchapaghAta zailI-isa zailI ke naMdira kalA ke advitIya namUne haiN| maMdira ke pratyeka bhAga para kalA kI chaTA dikhAI par3atI thii| kAla-vibhAjana ke isa krama meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke sAtha zramaNa saMskRti aura kalA kA nirantara vikAsa huA hai| bundela khaNDa ke jainatIrthoM kI vAstukalA ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se koI Thosa prayatna nahIM huaa| prAgaitihAsika kAla se lekara guptottara kAla taka yahA~ kI kalA meM jaina saMskRti kI avicchinna dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI hai| bhArata meM mUrtikalA kI garimA bundelakhaNDa meM dekhane ko milatI hai| mUrtikalA ke sarvotkRSTa gar3ha aura mUrti-nirmANa ke kendrasthala bundelakhaNDa meM hI vidyamAna haiN| yahAM kI mUrtikalA eka-sI nahIM hai| bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI mUrtikalA ke utkRSTa rUpa bane haiN| aneka prakAra kI, AsanoM sahita svataMtra tathA vizAlakAya, zilApaTToM para ukArita mUrtiyAM bahudhA isa kSetra meM upalabdha haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ AdhyAtmika aura kucha mUrtiyAM laukika daSTi se nirmita huI haiN| laukika dRSTi se nirmita mUrtiyA~ kalA ke bejor3a namUne haiM / unase sAmAjika rahana-sahana, AcAravicAra tathA pravRttiyA~ evaM bhAvanAoM kA talasparzI parijJAna hotA hai| bhArata kI mUrti-kalA meM bundelakhaNDa kA yogadAna sarvotkRSTa hai| vibhinna devI-devatAoM kI tulanA meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiN| jaina mUrtiyoM ke caturviMzatipaTTa, mUrti aMkita stambha evaM sahasrakUTa zilApaTTa prAyaH isa kSetra meM aneka jagaha haiM / deva-deviyoM, vidyAdharoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM, yugmoM, pratIkoM, pazu-pakSiyoM ke sAtha prakRticitraNa, Asana aura mudrAeM isa kSetra meM kalA ke advitIya namUne haiN| ina AyAmoM se hama kalA ke vibhinna vikAsa-kramoM kA adhyayana prApta kara sakate haiN| sAmAjika aura dhArmika cetanA ke puja-rUpa ina gar3hoM ne jaina saMskRti kI samannati meM bahuta bar3I bhUmikA nibhAI hai| bundelakhaNDa ke aise zatAdhika purAtana kSetra haiM jahAM vAstukalA ke vaNita AyAmoM kA svarUpadarzana hameM milatA hai / bundelakhaNDa ke ina aitihAsika purAtana kSetroM meM mukhya haiM devagar3ha, bUr3hIcanderI, khajurAho, vidizA, baruAsAgara, maDakherA, kannauja, nauhaTA, vinakA (sAgara) pAlI, tripurI, amarakaMTaka, sohAgapura, vAnapura, pacarAI, kuNDalapura, bAlAvehaTa, bajaraMgar3ha, pavA, pacarAI, DiThalA, rakhetarA, AmanacAra, gurIlakAgiri, carNagiri, nAriyalakuNDa, dhUvauna, ahAra, papaurA, canderI, jhA~sI saMgrahAlaya, pAvAgira, dhAvala, madanapura, droNagira, resaMdIgira (nainAgira), sisaI, urdamaU, konIjI, navAgaTha, pATanagaMja, karaguMvA, sonAgira, kSetrapAla (jatArA), kSetrapAla (maharaunI), kSetrapAla (lalitapura), bhoMerA (vaMdhA), bhoMerA (lalitapura), gyArasa pura, dUdhaI, cAMdapura, sIrona (lalitapura), sIrona, (maDAvArA), girAra, vaDAgAMva (ghasAna), serona; kATItalAI,vilaharI, paThArI, bheDAghATa, tripurI, gvAliyara kilA, zivapurI, Adi / inase hameM jaina saMskRti aura kalA kA vyApaka rUpa se atula bhaNDAra dekhane ko milA hai| AzA hai, purAtatva ke pariprekSya meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke adhyayana kI paryApta prAmANika nidhi upayukta sthaloM para prApta karane ke lie purAtatva anveSaka apane puNya prayAsa sAkAra kreNge| 150 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granthA .