Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aslisa 10 zrImatI nirUpamAdevI khaNDelavAla, ema0 e0 (hindI sAhitya) lekhikA tathA reDiyo vArtAkAra NA rA jaina-saMskRti meM saMgIta kA sthAna saMgIta zabda kI vyutpatti 'saMgIta' zabda 'gIta' meM 'sama' upasarga lagAkara banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai gItasahita / nRtya aura vAdana ke sAtha kiyA gayA gIta saMgIta kahalAtA hai / saMgIta ke Adipravartaka tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva jaina saMskRti aura vAGamaya meM bahuta prAcInakAla se hI saMgItakalA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| jaina paramparA use anAdi-nidhana mAnatI hai| jaina sAhitya meM karmayuga ke Adi vidhAtA prajApati RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama apane putra vRSabhasena ko saMgIta kI zikSA dii| AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa meM likhA hai 'vibhava SabhasenAya gItavAdyArtha saMgraham / gandharvazAstramAcalyo yatrAdhyAyAH paraH zatam // ' ___'manukulatilaka RSamadeva ne apane putra vRSabhasena ko gIta, vAdya tathA gAndharva vidyA kA upadeza diyA, jisa zAstra ke sau adhyAya se Upara haiN|' RSabhadeva alaukika jJAna aura buddhi ke svAmI the| unhIM se aMka aura akSara kalA prakaTa huI aura unhoMne prajA ko asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa kA upadeza tathA zikSaNa diyA / saMgItopaniSadsAroddhAra meM batAyA hai ki turya, vAdya aura nATaka kI utpatti RSabhaputra cakravartI bharata kI nava-nidhiyoM meM se antima zaMkha se huI thii| saMgIta kI niSpatti hara se huI aura yahA~ hara kA Azaya RSabhadeva hai / pApoM kA nAza karane ke kAraNa ve 'hara' kahalAte haiM / zivapada (mokSa) ke pradAtA hone ke kAraNa ve ziva bhI kahalAte haiN| saMgIta ke AcArya mataMga nAmaka AcArya kA 'bRhaddezI' grantha prathama bAra rAga kA ullekha karatA hai / inakA samaya IsavI kI cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI hai| df` df` AcAvarata AnaAcAryapravara AmA zrIAnanda anya zrIAnanda
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ .....aamann a . .-...-AANEE LA nta r B AL -: -3 .... . . ........ .. . . ........ ... - - AcAryaprasAcAuaraUMAN zrAmAnanda abhiga pathaprAmAnandasAgrasa 182 itihAsa aura saMskRti 'saMgIta samayasAra' AcArya pArzvadeva kA dasavIM zatI IsavI kA grantha mAnA jAtA hai / isameM saMgIta kA zAstrIya DhaMga se saMskRta kI kArikAoM meM prAmANika varNana milatA hai| isameM saMgIta kI zuddha paddhati kA vivecana huA hai / yathA prabandhA yatra gIyante, vAdyante ca yathAkSaram / yathAkSaraM ca nRtyante, sA citrA zuddhapaddhatiH // 7 / 230 'jahA~ prabandhakAvyoM kA gAyana kiyA jAtA ho, unake akSaroM ke anusAra hI vAdya bajAye jAte hoM aura unhIM ke anasAra nRtya hotA ho, vaha citrapaddhati kahI jAtI hai aura vahI paddhati zuddha hai|' saMgIta meM 'gIta' pramukha hai, vAdya aura nRtya sahAyaka haiM / vAdya saMgIta kA aura nRtya vAdya kA anusaraNa karatA hai| tInoM milakara jisa laya ko janma dete haiM vaha 'zrotranetra mahotsavAya' hotI hai| usameM zrotranetra eka mahotsava meM DUba jAte haiN| AcArya pArzvadeva ne saMgIta kI paribhASA meM gIta, vAdya aura nRtya tInoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / 'saMgIta ratnAkAra' meM to spaSTa likhA hai gItaM vAdya tathA natyaM trayaM saMgItamucyate / varAhopaniSada meM bhI saMgIta meM gIta, vAdya tathA natya kI anviti mAnate hue likhA hai saMgItatAlalayavAdyavazaM gatApi maulisthakumbhaparirakSaNadhInaTIva / mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne bhI 'meghadUta' nAmaka gItikAvya meM gIta, vAdya tathA nRtya tInoM ko saMgItArtha ke upAdAnoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| nAda saMgIta kA mAdhyama nAda hai| saMgIta samayasAra ke anusAra nAda se sampUrNa vAGamaya-vAgavistAra kI utpatti hotI hai| kaNTha Adi bheda se jo nAda sphuTa rUpa se sphurita hotA hai, usI ko tadvijJa (nAda-paNDita) ArohI krama se 'dhvani' kahate haiM--- kaNThAdisthAna bhedena yo nAdaH sphurati sphuTam / ArohikramatastajjJaH sa eva dhvanirucyate / / saMgIta bhaktirasa kA sahAyaka hai / 'sAgAradharmAmRta' meM jina-bhakti meM saMgIta ko zreSTha sAdhana batAyA gayA hai ekavAstu jinebhaktiH kimanyaiH sveSTasAdhanaiH / yA dogdhi kAmanucchidya sadyo'pAyA nazeSataH // saMgIta aura bhakti kA ghaniSTha sambandha svataHsiddha hai| saMgIta ke yoga se bhaktibhAva meM tIvratA AtI hai, lAlitya kI vRddhi hotI hai aura hRdaya dravita hokara tadAkAra vRtti meM sthita ho jAtA hai| AtmA meM zAnti kA srota utpanna karane meM saMgIta atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| saMgIta hRdaya kA ucchavAsa hai / mAnava kI bhavya bhAvanAoM kI sahaja, sarala evaM madhura abhivyakti hai| saMgIta jIvana kI vaha kamanIya kalA hai, jisake abhAva meM jIvana nIrasa hai| mahari ne saMgItakalA se anabhijJa manuSya ko pazu kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina-saMskRti meM saMgIta kA sthAna 183 sAhitya-saMgIta kalA vihInaH / sAkSAt pazuH pucchaviSANahInaH ||-niitishtk mahAtmA gA~dhI kA kathana hai ki 'saMgIta ke binA to sArI zikSA adhUrI lagatI hai, caudaha vidyAoM meM saMgIta eka pramukha vidyA mAnI gaI hai / saMgIta meM jitanI sahajatA, saralatA evaM madhuratA hai, utanI anya kalAoM meM nahIM hai / mAdhurya hI saMgIta-kalA kA prANa hai jo jAdU kI taraha apanA pratyakSa prabhAva dikhalAtA hai| saMgIta kA saundarya zravaNa kI madhuratA meM hai| zrIkRSNa ne nArada jI se kahA hai nAhaM vasAmi vaikuNThe, yoginAM hRdaye na ca / madbhaktA yatra gAyanti, tatra tiSThAmi nArada / 'merA nivAsa vaikuNTha meM nahIM hai aura na maiM yogiyoM ke hRdaya meM bhI rahatA huuN| he nArada ! maiM to vahA~ rahatA hU~ jahA~ para mere bhakta tanmaya hokara sumadhura svaralaharI se gAte haiN|' saMgIta kI madhara svaralaharI bhASA ko bhI dravita karane meM prathama hai| saMgIta hRdaya kI vaha bhASA hai jo rAga-rAginiyoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta hotI hai / isakA mUla AdhAra rAga hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti kI TIkA meM AcArya vimala giri ne 'pada-svara-tAlavadhanAtmaka gAndharva ko gIta kahA hai|' gIta zabda se pUrva 'sam' upasarga lagane se saMgIta zabda banA hai, jisakA artha samyak prakAra se laya, tAla aura svara Adi ke niyamoM ke anusAra padya kA gAyana hai| rAga kI paribhASA sabhI mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne prAyaH eka hI prakAra kI hai ki 'jo dhvani vizeSa svara, varNa se vibhUSita ho, janacitta ko anuraJjana karane vAlI ho, vaha rAga' hai|' dharma aura saMgIta saMgIta mAnava ke caMcala mana ko kIlita karane kA eka sundara sAdhana hai| ATha rasa mana ko aura adhika caMcala banAne vAle haiM / eka bhaktirasa jisakA sthAyIbhAva anurAga hai, jo zAntarasa ke nirveda nAmaka sthAyIbhAva para nirbhara hai, zAnti pradAna karane vAlA hai| vItarAga bhagavAna ke cintana meM saMgIta, gAyana ke dvArA hama apane meM vItarAga bhAva utpanna karane kA prayatna karate haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa-saMskRti meM saMgIta kA vizeSa mahatva siddha hotA hai| jainAgamoM meM saMgIta ___ jaina kalA evaM darzana ke mUla srota 'Agama' haiM / inameM 'gIta' zabda kA vibhinna dRSTi se nirUpaNa huA hai| yaha nirUpaNa kahIM kalA kI dRSTi se hai, kahIM viSaya pratipAdana kI dRSTi se aura kabhI prabhAva kI dRSTi se / prabhAva kI dRSTi se isakA vivecana virakti ke prasaMga meM huA hai| jina pramukha Agama granthoM meM 'gIta' zabda kI vyutpatti evaM vivecana milatA hai, ve ye haiM-jambudvIpaprajJapti, praznavyAkaraNa, jIvAbhigama, jJAtRdharmakathA, samavAyAGga, bRhatkalpa, sthAnAGga aura anuyogadvAra / __ kalpasUtra ke anusAra bhagavAn zrI RSabhadeva ne prajA ke hitArtha, abhyudayArtha evaM jana-jIvana meM sukha aura zAnti ke saMcArArtha kalAoM kA upadeza diyaa| jambUdvIpaprajJapti ke anusAra una kalAoM meM MAMACONDA MEMAIAya: pradha5 zrIAnandana . mamimaraweimeron
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya prava AyAta grantha: 11 zrI Anandana grantha abhina 184 itihAsa aura saMskRti bahattara kalAe~ puruSa ke liye tathA causaTha striyoM ke lie thiiN| unameM puruSa kalAoM meM gIta kA pA~cavAM sthAna hai aura strI - kalAoM meM gyArahavA~ / jJAtRdharmakathA meM meghakumAra kA varNana karate hue usakA vizeSaNa 'gIta ratigAMdharva nATya kuzala' diyA hai / dazAzrutaskandha meM bhogakula aura ugrakula ke putroM kA varNana karate 'yukta the hue likhA hai ki ve nATya, gIta, vAditra, taMtrI, tAla, truTita, ghana, mRdaMga Adi vAdya yantroM se 1 AbhijAtya aura sAmAnya donoM hI vargoM meM samAna rUpa se saMgIta pracalita thA / uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra citra aura sambhUta nAmaka mAtaMga putra tisaraya, veNu aura vINA ko bajAte hue nagara se nikalate the to loga unake gAyana-vAdana para mugdha ho jAte the / kaumudI evaM indra mahotsava para bhI saMgIta kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thA / rAja udayana ke alaukika saMgIta naipuNya kI carcA AvazyakacUrNa meM milatI hai| usane eka bAra madonmatta bane hue hAthI ko saMgIta ke dvArA vaza meM kara liyA thA / sindhu- sauvIra ke rAjA udrAyaNa bhI saMgIta kalA meM nipuNa the aura svayaM vINA bajAte the / AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra unakI rAnI sarasoM ke Dhera para nRtya karatI thI / sthAnAGga meM kAvya ke cAra prakAroM meM saMgIta kI gaNanA kI gaI hai / kAvya ke cAra prakAra ye haiM-vAdya, nATya, geya aura abhinaya / usameM vINA, tAla, tAlasaya aura vAditra ko mukhya sthAna diyA hai / nATyazAstra ke racayitA AcArya bharata ne bhI nATya meM saMgIta kA mahatva pratipAdita kiyA hai sarveSAmeva lokAnAM yasmAtsaMdRzyate gItaM, arthAt 'saMgIta saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkha, zoka kA nAzaka hai aura ApattikAla meM bhI sukha dene vAlA hai / ' gIta ke pramukha prakAra samavAyAGga aura sthAnAGga meM gIta ke tIna prakAra mAne haiM, kintu jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM usake cAra prakAra batAye haiM / sthAnAGga meM kathana hai ki sAta svara haiM aura ve nAbhi se samutpanna hote haiM aura zabda ho unakA mUla sthAna hai / chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM ucchvAsa grahaNa kiye jAte haiM aura gIta ke tIna prakAra haiM - gIta prArambha meM mRdu hotA hai, madhya meM tIvra aura anta meM punaH manda hotA hai / gIta ke chaha doSa isa prakAra haiM (1) bhItaM - bhayabhIta mana se gAyana / (2) drutaM -jaldI-jaldI gAyana / (3) apitthaM - zvAsayukta zIghra gAnA athavA hrasva svara tathA laghusvara se gAyana / ( 4 ) uttAlaM - ati uttAla svara tathA avasthAna tAla se gAyana / (5) kAka - svara - kaue kI taraha karNa kaTu zabdoM se gAyana, tathA ( 6 ) anunAsikam - anunAsikA se gAyana / gIta ke guNa duHkhazoka vinAzanam / sukhadaM vyasaneSvapi // sthAnAGga meM gIta ke ATha guNa batAye haiM-- pumnaM rataM ca alaMkiyaM ca vatta tahA avighuTThaM / madhuraM samaM sukumAraM aTThaguNA hoMti geyassa // 7/3/24
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) pUrNa - svara, laya aura kalA se yukta gAyana / (2) rakta-pUrNa tallInatApUrvaka gAyana / jaina saMskRti meM saMgIta kA sthAna (3) alaMkRta - svara vizeSa se alaMkRta gAyana / (4) vyakta - spaSTa rUpa se gAyana, jisase svara aura akSara spaSTa jJAta ho sakeM / (5) avighuSTa - aviparIta svara se gAyana / (6) madhura - kokila jaisA madhura gAyana / (7) sama - tAlavaMza tathA svara se samatva gAyana / (5) sulalita - komala svara se gAyana / ' meM saMgIta kalA ke ATha anya guNa bhI batalAye gaye haiM, yathA'urakaMTha sirapasatthaM ca gejjaM te mauribhiapadabaddhaM / samatAla paDukkhevaM sattasara soharaM sthAnAGga gIyaM || 7/3/25 arthAt 'urovizuddha, kaNThavizuddha, zirovizuddha, mRduka, riGgita, padabaddha, samatAla aura saptasvarasImara - ye ATha guNa gAyana meM hote haiM / anuyogadvAra ke anusAra akSarAdi sama sAta prakAra ke hote haiM, yathA-- akSarasama, padasama, tAlasama, laya sama, grahasama, nizvasitocchvasitasama, saMcArasama / sthAnAGga meM geyagIta ke anya ATha guNa isa prakAra batAye haiM niddosaM sAravaMtaM ca heujuttamalaMkiyaM / uvaNIya sovayAraM ca miyaM madhurameva ya // arthAt 'nirdoSa, sAravanta hetuyukta, alaMkRta, upanIta, sopacAra, mita aura madhura / ' sthAnAGga meM saptasvaroM kA sundara vivecana milatA hai| ye saptasvara isa prakAra haiM (1) SaDja - jo nAsikA, kaNTha, chAtI, tAlu, jihvA aura dA~ta ina chaha sthAnoM se utpanna hotA hai / (2) vRSabha - jaba vAyu nAbhi se utpanna hokara kaNTha aura mUrdhA se Takkara khAkara vRSabha ke zabda kI taraha nikalatA hai / (3) gAMdhAra - jaba vAyu nAbhi se utpanna hokara hRdaya aura kaNTha ko sparza karatA huA sagandha nikalatA hai / (4) madhyama - jo zabda nAbhi se utpanna hokara hRdaya se Takkara khAkara punaH nAbhi meM pahu~ca jAtA hai arthAt andara hI andara gUMjatA rahatA hai / (5) paJcama - nAbhi, hRdaya, chAtI, kaNTha aura sira, ina pA~ca sthAnoM se utpanna hone vAlA svara / (6) dhaivata - anya sabhI svaroM kA jisameM sammizraNa ho, isakA apara nAma raivata hai / 185 AyAya pravava Agana pravada zrI poerring
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ MACADATAaws.com AGAANABAJALJALAnnua.dachARAR DAD A A ..., dR HAL yA 186 itihAsa aura saMskRti (7) niSAda---jo svara apane teja se anya svaroM ko dabA detA hai aura jisakA devatA sUrya ho| sthAnAMga abhayadeva vatti meM ina saptasvaroM kI vyAkhyA saMskRta zlokoM meM kI gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM svara parijJAna bhI hai yathA-mayUra Sar3ajasvara meM AlApatA hai, kukkuTa RSabha svara meM bolate haiM, haMsa ke svara se gAMdhAra dhvani nizrata hotI hai / gavelaka ke svara se madhyama, koyala ke svara se paMcama, sArasa aura krauMca ke svara se dhaivata tathA aMkuza se pratADita hastI kI ciMghAr3a se niSAda svara parijJAta hotA hai| isI prakAra acetana padArthoM se bhI saptasvaroM kA parijJAna hotA hai, yathA Dhola se SaDja, gomukhI se vRSabha, zaMkha se gAMdhAra, jhallarI se madhyama, tabale se paMcama, nagAr3e se dhaivata aura mahAbherI se niSAda svara jAnA jAtA hai| ___ AgamoM meM ina svaroM kA phala bhI batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM likhA hai ki jo mAnava Sar3ajasvara se bolatA hai, vaha AjIvikA prApta karatA hai| usake pratyeka kArya siddha hote haiN| use gAyeM, putra tathA mitra prApta hote haiM tathA vaha kAntApriya hotA hai / vRSabha svara kA prayoga karane vAlA aizvarya, senA, santAna, dhana, vastra, alaMkAra Adi prApta karatA hai| gAMdhAra svara se gAne vAlA AjIvikA ke sabhI sAdhana upalabdha karatA hai, tathA anya kalAoM kA bhI jJAtA hotaa| madhyama svara se gAne vAlA sukhI jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| paJcama svara se gAne vAlA pRthvIpati, bahAdura, sagrAhaka aura guNajJa hotA hai / raivata svara se gAne vAlA duHkhI, prakRti kA nIca aura anArya hotA hai / vaha prAyaH zikArI, taskara aura mallayuddha karane vAlA hotA hai / niSAda svara se gAne vAlA kalahapriya, ghumakkar3a, bhAravAhI, cora, goghAtaka aura AvArA hotA hai| sthAnAMga meM saptasvaroM ke tIna grAmoM kA vizada varNana milatA hai| ye tIna grAma isa prakAra haiM(1) SaDjagrAma (2) madhyamagrAma (3) gAMdhAragrAma / ina tInoM grAmoM meM pratyeka meM sAta-sAta murchanAe~ hotI haiM / isa prakAra kula ikkIsa mUrcchanAe~ hotI haiN| sthAnAMga aura anuyogadvAra ke AdhAra para hI pArzvadeva ne 'saMgItasAra' aura sudhAkalaza ne 'saMgItopaniSad' kA nirmANa kiyA / isa prakAra jainAgamoM meM saMgIta kA vizada vivecana milatA hai / jaina saMgIta kA carama lakSya mokSamArga hai| usameM tyAga-vairAgya kI bhavya bhAvanA ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| jaina-saMgIta dharmazikSA kA eka aMga rahA hai| bhakti aura adhyAtma donoM hI kSetroM meM isakA samAna mahatva rahA hai| IAADI FASTD -