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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva - mahAsatI DaoN. zrI dharmazIlA sannArI ko jainAgamoM meM 'deva-guru-dhammajaNNI', 'dhamma sahAiyA,' 'cAruppehA' Adi aneka vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai| nArI kahIM udbodhana rUpA hai to kahIM sevA kI pratimUrti / nArI-garimA kA jainadarzana meM sarvatra svara guMjarita huA hai| nArI, nara se adhika dharmaparAyaNA hai evaM kartavyazIlA bhii| viduSI sAdhvI DaoN. zrI dharmazIlAjI ma. ne apane nArI viSayaka Alekha meM 'nArI-mahimA' kA sAMgopAMga vizleSaNa kiyA hai| - sampAdaka vividharUpA nArI ___ nArI dharma pAlana meM, dharma pracAra meM evaM dharma ko aMgIkAra karane meM puruSoM se agraNI hai| yadyapi nArI ke rUpa, svabhAva, zikSA, sahayoga evaM pada samaya ke anusAra badalate rahe haiN| janmadAtrI mAtA se lekara koThe kI ghRNita va pratAr3ita vezyA ke rUpa meM bhI vaha samaya-samaya para hamAre / samakSa AI hai| yazodA banakara lAlana-pAlana kiyA hai to kAlikA banakara asuroM kA saMhAra bhI kiyA hai, sAkSAt vAtsalya kI pratimUrti bhI rahI hai| samaya va kAla kI gati anaMta va akSuNNa hai, isase pare na koI rahA hai na raha skegaa| kAlacakra se sabhI baMdhe haiM phira bhalA koI samAja yA dharma usase vilaga kaise raha sakatA hai? nArI nara kI ardhAMginI, mitra, mArgadarzikA va sevikA ke rUpa meM hamezA-hamezA se samAja meM apanA astitva banAtI rahI hai kiMtu kabhI-kabhI tulA kA dUsarA palar3A adhika vajanadAra huA to nArI ko cAra divArI kI pardAnasI, vilAsitA, bhoga kI vastu mAtra, sevA tathA gRhakArya karanevAlI ikAI bhI mAnA gyaa| kartavyaparAyaNa vanakara cupacApa julma sahanA hI usakI niyati bana gaI va / badale meM use sisakane taka kA adhikAra bhI nahIM rhaa| adhikAra ke binA kartavya kA na hI malya raha jAtA hai na hI aucitya kiMtu samaya-samaya para samAja meM jAgRti va krAMti kI lahara AyI jisane nArI ko usake vAstavika svarUpa kA bodha kraayaa| jaina dharma aura nArI jaina samAja meM AdikAla se hI nArI sammAnanIya va vandanIya rahI hai| kucheka apavAda chor3akara nArI parAmarzadAtrI va aMgarakSaka bhI rahI hai| nArI apane samasta uttaradAyitva kA nirvAha karane ke sAtha hI sAtha dharmapAlana, niyama, vyavahAra, svAdhyAya upavAsa Adi meM adhika samaya dekara puruSoM se kaI gunA Age haiN| ___ yadi hama samAja evaM rASTra ko pragati va upalabdhi ke mArga para prazasta karanA cAhate hai, yadi hama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zikSAoM ko vyavahAra meM utAranA cAhate haiM, yadi hama samAja va deza meM zikSA, anuzAsana bhAIcArA va ekatA kA zaMkhanAda phUMkanA cAhate hai to hameM nArI ko unake sAdhikAra va unake upayoga kI svataMtratA denI hogI, unheM unakI zakti, zaurya, zIla va teja kI yAda dilAnI hogii| jainadharma ho yA anya dharma, nArI kA jhukAva puruSoM kI tulanA meM dharma kI ora adhika hI hotA hai| yadi hama vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM dekheM to pAyeMge ki seThajI kI apekSA seThAnI jI nityameva dharma-karma. svAdhyAya. niyamapAlana, ekAsanA, upavAsa Adi niyamita va AsthA se 136 meM nArI kA mahatva
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka karatI hai jabaki unheM eka bahU, beTI, mA~, bahana yA patni kA kartavya bhI nibhAnA par3atA hai| puruSavarga yaha kahakara apane dAyitva se haTa jAte haiM ki hameM vyApAra, vANijya- pravAsa Adi kArya meM vyasta rahanA par3atA hai ataH niyama kA pAlana saMbhava nhiiN| dharma ke marma ko jitanI painI va sUkSma dRSTi se mahilA varga ne dekhA, jAMcA evaM parakhA hai, utanA puruSavarga ne nahIM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja jainadharma ke utthAna meM, pracAra-prasAra meM nArI kI bhUmikA aham hai, prazaMsanIya hai, stutya hai| jaina saMskRti meM nArI kI mahimA aura garimA advitIya hai| prAcIna kAla meM nArI jaina saMskRti kI sajaga praharI thI, vaha eka jyoti-staMbha ke rUpa meM rahI thii| itanA hI nahIM vaha adhyAtma cetanA aura bauddhika unmeSa kI parama- punIta pratimA thii| adhyAtma zakti kA carama utkarSa 'mukti' strI vAcaka zabda hI hai| nArI zAMti kI zItala saritA pravAhita karanevAlI hai aura AdhyAtmika krAnti kI jyoti ko jagamagAne vAlI bhI hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vaha zAnti aura krAnti kI pRSThabhUmi nirmita karatI hai| mAnavatA kI rakSA, AtmA kI saMrakSA vaha mAtA ke rUpa meM hI kara sakatI hai| mAtA nirmAtrI hai| saMsAra meM agara koI deva aura guru ke samAna vaMdanIya - pUjanIya hai to vaha sirpha mAtA hI hai| mAnava meM jo kamanIya aura komala bhAvanAe~ hai, ve mAtA kI hI dena hai| mAtA se hI mAnava (putra) utpanna hotA hai| mAnava kA mastiSka, mAMsa aura rakta yaha tIna mahatvapUrNa aMga mAtA se hI prApta hote haiN| isalie putra mAtA kA kalejA hai| mAtA kA agAdha vAtsalya isI putra ko prApta hotA hai| duniyA ke mahAn se mahAn AtmAoM ko janma dene vAlI nArI hai, mAtA hai| tIrthaMkara bhI nArI ke kokha se hI janma lete haiN| jisa mAtA ne tIrthaMkara ko janma diyA unakI pAvanatA vacanAtIta hai| unake lie to yahA~ taka kahA~ gayA hai ki - saMsAra meM saikar3oM striyA~ putroM ko janma detI hai kiMtu he bhagavan ! Apa jaise advitIya anupama putraratna ko janma dene vAlI strI eka hI ho sakatI hai| ataeva usake aneka nAmoM meM 'janiH' nAma sarvathA sArthaka hai| mA~ apane roma-roma se apane putra kA hita sAdhana karatI hai| hama isa sRSTi-jagat ko bhI dharatI mAtA kahate haiN| vaha jagajjananI ke viziSTa rUpa meM sRSTi karatI hai| sarasvatI ke rUpa meM vidyApradAna karatI hai| asura nAzinI ke rUpa meM surakSA detI haiM, lakSmI ke rUpa meM apAravaibhava sauMpatI hai aura zAnti ke rUpa meM bala kA abhisaMcAra karatI hai| tAttvika vibheda nahIM / jaina sAhitya kA sarvekSaNa karane para spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki atIta kAla meM zramaNiyoM kA saMgaThana suvyavasthita evaM advitIya thaa| jisa yuga meM jo tIrthaMkara hote the ve kevalajJAna ke pazcAt caturvidha saMgha zramaNa-zramaNI, zramaNopAsaka aura zramaNopAsikA kI saMsthApanA karate haiN| jise Agamika bhASA meM tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| jina dharma kA mUlabhUta mahAstaMbha tIrtha hai| tIrthaMkara va tIrthakaratva tIrtha para AdhArita hai| tIrthaMkara jaba samavazaraNa meM dharmadezanA dete haiM usa samaya ve tIrtha ko namaskAra karate haiN| ukta sArthaka nAma nArI ke bahuvidha paryAyArthaka nAma usake kAryoM aura sthitiyoM ke anusAra vyavahRta haiN| saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'nArI' zabda kA saMdhi viccheda isa prakAra haiM - na + ari iti nArI- jisakA koI zatru nahIM hai, vaha nArI hai| usane AdhyAtmika aura sAhityika kSetra meM pragati kara puruSoM ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| ataH vaha 'yoSA' kahalAyI, gaha nIti kI saMcAlikA hone se vaha 'gahiNI' kahalAtI hai| pUjanIyA hone ke kAraNa vaha 'mahilA' zabda se abhihita hai| nArI jIvana ke uccatama Adarza kA zubhAraMbha aura samApana 'mAtRtva' meM huA hai| 'mAtA' nAma se adhika pAvana AdhyAtmika nAma nArI kA dUsarA nahIM ho sktaa| | jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva 137
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni kathana se ati spaSTa hai ki tIrthaMkara ke dvArA tIrtha vandanIya / caturvidha tIrtha meM AtmA kI dRSTi nArI aura puruSa ina donoM meM tAttvika vibheda nahIM hai, AdhyAtmika jagat meM nara aura nArI kA samAna rUpa se mUlyAMkana huA hai / hamArI jaina saMskRti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sabhI ko samAna sthAna evaM samAna adhikAra prApta hai / jisa taraha hamArI mAtRbhUmi sahiSNu mAnI gaI hai utanI hI sahiSNu nArI hai / nArI sevA rUpA aura karUNA rUpA hai / sevA suzrUSA aura paricaryA, dayA, mamatA Adi ke viSaya meM jaba vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to hamArI dRSTi nArI samAja para jAtI hai / usakI mohaka A~khoM meM karuNArUpI mamatA kA jala aura A~cala meM poSaka saMjIvanI dekhI jA sakatI hai| kuTuMba, parivAra, deza, rASTra, yuddha, zAMti, krAnti, bhrAnti, aMdhavizvAsa mithyA mAnyatAoM jaisI sthitiyA~ kyoM na rahI ho nArI sadaiva lar3atI rahI aura apane sAhasa kA paricaya detI rhii| para vaha duHkhoM ko, bhArI kAryoM ko uThAnevAlI 'krena' nahIM hai / paraMtu vaha inase lar3anevAlI evaM niraMtara calatI rahanevAlI ArI avazya hai / maile A~cala meM duniyA bhara ke dukha sameTa lenA usakI mahAnatA hai / vilakhate hue zizu ko apanI chAtI lagA lenA usakA dharma hai| vaha sabhI prakAra ke vAtAvaraNoM meM ghulamila jAnevAlI madhura bhASiNI evaM dhArmika zraddhA se pUrNa hai | vizva ke itihAsa ke pRSThoM para jaba hamArI dRSTi jAtI hai taba grAmINa saMskRti meM palanevAlI nArI cakkI, cUlhe ke sAtha chAcha ko vilotI najara AtI hai aura saMdhyA ke samaya vahI aMdherI rAta meM rozanI kA dIpaka prajvalita karatI hai| hara pala, hara kSaNa, nitya naye vicAroM meM DUbI huI rakSaNa-poSaNa meM lagI huI, aMdhavizvAsoM se lar3atI huI najara AtI hai| jaba vaha apane jIvana ke amUlya samaya ko sevA meM vyatIta kara detI hai taba use aMdhavizvAsa evaM mithyA mAnyatAoM se koI lenA-denA nahIM hotA hai / nArI : dharma kSetra meM agraNI jaina saMskRti ke mUla siddhAntoM ke pragatizIla darzana 138 ne nArI ko yathocita sammAna diyA hai| dhArmika kSetra meM bhI nara aura nArI kI sAdhanA meM koI bheda nahIM rakhA hai| caturvidha saMgha meM nArI ko samAna sthAna diyA hai / sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka aura zrAvikA / jaina saMskRti ke zvetAmbara pariprekSya meM puruSoM kI taraha nArI bhI aSTakarmoM ko kSaya karake mokSa jA sakatI hai, jisakA prAraMbhika jvalanta udAharaNa bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI mAtA marudevI hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AdhyAtmika adhikAroM meM koI bheda nahIM rkhaa| unhoMne puruSoM kI bhAMti nArI ko bhI dIkSita banAyA hai / pariNAmataH una sabhI kI zramaNasampadA se zramaNI sampadA adhika rahI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM zramaNasampadA se zramaNI sampadA adhika rahI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM zramaNoM kI saMkhyA caudaha hajAra thI to zramaNiyoM kI saMkhyA chattIsa sahasra thI / jahA~ zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha unasaTha hajAra thI vahA~ zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA tIna lAkha aThAraha hajAra thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM strI aura puruSa donoM kA sthAna samAna thaa| kyoMki unhoMne isa nazvara zarIra ke bhItara virAjamAna anazvara Atmatattva ko pahacAna liyA thaa| unhoMne dekhA ki cAhe deha strI kA ho yA puruSa kA, Atmatattva sabhI meM vidyamAna hai aura deha - bhinnatA se Atmatattva kI zakti meM koI antara nahIM aataa| sabhI AtmAoM meM meM samAna balavIrya aura zakti hai / isIlie bhagavAn pharamAte hai - "puruSa ke samAna hI strI ke bhI pratyeka dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kSetra meM barAbara adhikAra hai / strI jAti ko hIna patita samajhanA kevala bhrAnti haiM / isIlie bhagavAn ne zramaNasaMgha ke samAna hI zramaNiyoM kA saMgha banAyA, jisakI sAraNA vAraNA sAdhvI pramukhA caMdanabAlA svayaM svataMtra rUpa karatI thii| manISiyoM ne AdhyAtmika nirdezanoM kI dRSTi se caMdanabAlA ko gaNadhara gautama ke samakakSa mAnA / jaina saMskRti meM nArI ke mAhAtmya meM sarvotkRSTa pakSa jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka puruSa se pahale AtmavikAsa kI caramasthiti meM pahu~canA hai| udAharaNataH bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samakSa jaba mAtA marudevI AtI hai aura hAthI para baiThe-baiThe hI unakI antazcetanA urdhArohaNa karane lagatI hai aura vaha mAyAvI bhAvanAoM se Upara uThakara zuddha caitanya meM lIna ho jAtI hai, usI Asana para baiThe-baiThe vaha kevalajJAna aura siddhagati prApta kara letI hai| jaina saMskRti meM tIrthaMkara kA pada sarvocca mAnA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparAnusAra malli ko strI tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake yaha udghoSita kiyA ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sarvocca pada kI adhikArI nArI bhI ho sakatI hai| usameM anaMtazakti saMpanna AtmA kA nivAsa hai| mAtA marudevI aura malli tIrthaMkara ke do aise jAjvalyamAna udAharaNa zramaNa saMskRti ne prastuta kiye haiM, jinake kAraNa nArI ke saMbaMdha meM racI gaI, aneka mithyA-dhAraNAeM svataH hI dhvasta ho jAtI hai| nArI-garimA jaina saMskRti meM nArI kI garimA AdinAtha se mahAvIra yuga taka akSuNNa raha skii| mahAvIra ne candanabAlA ke mAdhyama se usa paraMparA ko eka navIna mor3a pradAna kiyaa| taduparAMta hI sAdhu aura zrAvaka ke sAtha sAdhvI aura zrAvikA saMgha kI sthApanA kii| sAdhanA ke patha para nArI ne nava kIrtimAna sthApita kiye| nArI ne apane aDiga sAdhanA dvArA yaha pramANita kara diyA ki vaha kisI bhI dRSTi se puruSa se pIche nahI hai eka nahIM do-do mAtrAeM nara se bar3hakara naarii| nArI paryAya kA paramotkarma AryikA ke mahanIya rUpa ko dhAraNa karane meM hai| AryA kI vyutpatti hai - sajjanoM ke dvArA jo arcanIya - pUjanIya hotI hai, jo nirmala cAritra ko dhAraNa karatI hai, vaha "AryA" kahalAtI hai| AryA kA apara nAma "sAdhvI" hai| jo adhyAtma sAdhanA kA yathAzakti paripAlana karatI hai, use "sAdhvI" kahA jAtA hai| zama, zIla, zruta aura saMyama hI sAdhvI kA yathArtha svarUpa hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki satya zIla kI amara sAdhikAoM kI ujjvala paraMparA kA pravAhamAna pravAha vastutaH vilakSaNa pravAha hai| unakI AdhyAtmika jagat meM garimAmayI bhUmikA rahI hai| vaha uddaNDatA ko prabAdhita karatI hai| kaThoratA ko sAtvika anurAga ke drava meM gholakara samApta kara detI hai| pAzavikatA para valgA lagAtI hai| yathArtha meM sAdhviratnoM ne jahA~ nijI jIvana meM adhyAtma kA Aloka phailAkara pAralaukika jIvana ke sudhAra kI mahatI aura vyApaka bhUmikA kA kuzalatA evaM samarthatA ke sAtha nirvAha kiyA hai| vahIM dharma pracAra ke gauravapUrNa abhiyAna meM bhI eka adbhuta udAharaNa upasthita karane meM sakSama rahI hai| ataeva ve nArI ke gauravamaya atIta ko abhivyakta karatI haiN| jina sAdhviraloM ne satya aura zIla kI viziSTa sAdhanA kI ve sacamuca meM ajara-amara ho gii| unakA jIvana jyotirmaya evaM parama kRtArtha huA aura unake samujjvala jIvana kI saprANa preraNAoM se samUcI mAnavatA kRtArtha hotI rahI hai| nArA nArI : jyotirmayI jaina sAhitya kA gaharAI se parizIlana karane para vidita hogA ki aneka sAdhviyoM kA jyotirmaya jIvana savistRta rUpeNa prApta hotA hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI putrI brAhmI aura suMdarI mAnavajAti kI prathama zikSikAoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai| jaMbUdvIpa-prajJapti, AvazyakacUrNI va AdipurANa Adi meM inheM mAnava sabhyatA ke Adi meM jyotistaMbha mAnA hai| brAhmI ne sarva prathama akSarajJAna kI pratiSThApanA kI to suMdarI ne gaNitajJAna ko nUtana artha diyA hai| prathama zAzvata sAhitya ke vaibhava kI devI hai to dUsarI rASTra kI bhautika sampati ke hAni-lAbha kA sAMkhya upasthita karatI hai| donoM ne sAMsArika AkarSaNoM ko tAka para rakhate hue Ajanma brahmacAriNI rahakara mAnavajagat ke bauddhika vikAsa kI jo sevA kI hai, vaha svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita hai| | jaina saMskRti meM nArI mahatva 136
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni kevala Avazyaka hai apitu anivArya bhI hai| nimitta apane sthAna para mahatva rakhatA hai aura upAdAna kA bhI apanA mahatva hai| antataH ina donoM satiyoM ne samagra karmoM kA samUlataH nAza kara nirvANa pada kI prApti kii| uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika kI cUrNi meM rAjamati ke aDiga saMkalpa aura divyazIla kA varNana bhI AyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke zabdoM meM rAjula ke upadeza se rathanemi satpatha para vaise hI cala par3ate hai, jaise utpathagAmI masta hastI aMkuza se niyaMtrita ho jAtA hai - aMkuseNa jahA nAgo dhamme sNpddivaaio| isake atirikta sAdhvI mRgAvatI ne apanI bhUla para pazcAtApa karate hue apanI guruvaryA candanabAlA se pUrva hI kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| sAdhvIralA prabhAvatI, damayaMtI, kuMtI, puSpacUlA, zivA, sulasA, subhadrA, madanarekhA, padmAvatI kA jIvana bhI nArI garimA kA jIvaMta evaM jvalaMta udAharaNa nArI : udbodhakarUpA ___bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne nArI ke utthAna hetu jina causaTha kalAoM kI sthApanA kI hai, unameM donoM Ajanma kumAriyA~ niSNAta thii| ukta donoM ne samaya aMgIkAra kara svayaM kA kalyANa kiyA aura sAtha hI bAhubali ko bhI vAstavikatA kA paribodha dekara lAbhAnvita kiyA - AjJApayAti tAtastvAM jyeSThArya! bhagavanidam / hastI skandha rUDhAnAm, kevalaM na utpdyte|| he jyeSThArya ! bha. RSabhadeva kA sAmayika upadeza hai ki hAthI para baiThe sAdhaka ko kevalajJAna - darzana kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM - vIrA mhArA gaja thakI utaro / gaja car3hiyA kevala na hosI o.......|| bAhubali muni ke karNa-kuharoM me donoM zramaNiyoM kI madhura hitAvahI svaralaharI pahu~cI; tatkAla munivara sAvadhAna hokara ciMtana karane lage - "yaha svara bahina zramaNiyoM kA hai| inakI vANI meM bhAvAtmaka yathArthatA hai| maiM abhimAnarUpa hAthI para baiThA huuN| mastaka muMDana jarUra huA para abhI taka mAna kA muDaMna nahIM kiyaa| mujhe laghubhUta bananA caahiye| apane se pUrva dIkSita AtmAoM kA maiMne avinaya kiyA haiN| maiM aparAdhI huuN| mujhe unake caraNoM meM jAkara savaMdana kSamApanA karanA caahiye|" isa taraha vicAroM ko kriyAnvita karane hetu kadama bddh'aayaa| basa, dera nahIM lagI, kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana pA liyA - bAhubali muni ne| yadi brAhmI aura suMdarI unheM saceta nahIM karatI, saMkSipta para sArapUrNa udbodhana nahIM detI, unake mithyAbhrama kI ora dhyAna keMdrita nahIM karAtI to kyA unheM kevalajJAna ho pAtA? ukta kathAnaka se yaha suspaSTa hai ki ina donoM bahanoM ke nimitta se unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA kyoMki upAdAna ke lie nimitta kA honA na yadyapi puruSoM meM aise mahAn puruSa hue haiM athavA haiM, jinhoMne samAja/rASTra evaM vizva kI zAnti meM yogadAna diyA hai, kiMtu puruSoM kI apekSA mahilAoM meM ye guNa apekSAkRta adhika vikasita hai| dekhA gayA hai ki puruSoM kI apekSA mAtRjAti meM prAyaH komalatA, kSamA, dayA, snehazIlatA, vatsalatA, dhairya, gAMbhIrya, vrata-niyama-pAlanadRr3hatA, vyasanatyAga, tapasyA, titikSA Adi guNa pracuramAtrA meM pAye jAte hai, jinakI vizvazAnti ke lie AvazyakatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM bhI kaI mahilAoM, vizeSataH jaina nAriyoM ne puruSoM ko yuddha se virata kiyA hai| durAcArI, atyAcArI evaM durvyasanI puruSoM ko durguNoM se mukta karA kara parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra meM unhoMne zAnti kI zItala gaMgA bahAI hai| katipaya sAdhviyoM kI ahiMsAmayI preraNA se puruSoM kA yuddha pravRtta mAnasa badalA hai| nArI-mAhAtmya : isI prakAra satI madanarekhA ne AtmazAnti, mAnasika zAnti evaM pArivArika zAnti rakhane 140 jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva |
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________________ kA prayatna kiyaa| yaha adbhuta puruSArtha vizvazAnti kA preraka thA / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM zramaNI saMgha vastutaH saphala rahA hai| kahIM para bhI asaphala hokara (veraMga-ciTThI kI taraha) nahIM lauttaa| apane ArAdhya tIrthapati AcArya-guru ke sAtha hI guruNIvaryA ke zAsana saMgha (anuzAsana - AjJA ) meM sadaiva samarpita rahA hai - zramaNIsaMgha / deza kAlAnusAra anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA pratirodha - pratikAra kiyA hai - zramaNIsaMgha ne, kiMtu saMgha ke prati vidroha kiyA ho yA pratikUla zraddhA - prarUpaNA sparzanA kA nArA bulaMda kiyA ho aisA kahIM para Agama ke pRSThoM para ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vividha prakAra ke tapa tyAgamaya pravRtti meM sAdhvI - samUha ne advitIya kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai / magadhAdhi samrAT zreNika kI paTTarAniyA~ kAlI-sukAlI-mahAkAlIkRSNA-sukRSNA-mahAkRSNA- vIrakRSNA-rAmakRSNA- pitRsenamahAsena - kRSNA tathA naMdAdi teraha aura pramukha rAniyoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasAdhanA saMgha ko cAra cAMda lagAye / tapAcAra meM apUrva kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA / ratnAvalI tapa, kanakAvalI, laghusiMha niSkrir3Ita, mahAsiMha niSkrir3Ita, sapta- saptamikA, aSTama- aSTamikA navama - navamikA, dazamadazamikA, laghusarvatobhadra, mahAsarvatobhadra, bhadrottara tapa muktAvalI sthApanA, isataraha tapasAdhanA krama ko pUrA kiyaa| bha. mahAvIra kI mAtA devAnaMdA (jinakI kukSi meM bha. kI AtmA bayAsI rAtri rahI ) putrI tathA bahina ne bhI bhagavAn ke zAsana meM jaina ArhatI dIkSA svIkAra kI / tapa-japa saMyama-sAdhanA ArAdhanA kI garimA-mahimA maMDita pAvana paraMparA meM ve jyotirmAna sAdhikAe~ ho giiN| isake pazcAt bhI samaya-samaya para anekAneka saMyama-nidhi zramaNiyA~ huI jinhoMne jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kI / yadyapi saMkhyAoM kI dRSTi meM Aja kA zramaNI saMgha utanA vizAla nahIM hai| choTe-choTe vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / tathApi yaha vartamAna kA zramaNI samUha mahAsAdhvI caMdanabAlA kAhI ziSyAnuziSyA parivAra / kyoMki zramaNI nAyikA jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva jaina saMskRti kA Aloka candanabAlA thI / deza - kAlAnusAra bhale hI kucha AcAra saMhitA meM parivartana huA hai phira bhI mUlarUpeNa usI AcAra praNAlI kA anugAmI hokara cala rahA hai| kaI zatAbdiyA~ bIta gaI / candanabAlA ke saMgha zAsana meM eka se eka jina dharma prabhAvika zramaNiyAM (vartamAna dRSTi se pRthaka pRthaka sampradAyoM meM ) huii| vartamAna meM kucha varSoM pUrva se bhI anekAneka jinazAsana razmiyA~ jainajagat meM vidyamAna hai| kaI tapopUta sAdhviyA~ hiMsakoM ko ahiMsaka va vyasaniyoM ko nirvyasanI banAne meM kaTibaddha rahI haiM / kaI mahAbhAga zramaNiyoM ne dharma ke nAma para pazu baliyA~ hotI thI use banda krvaaiiN| aise kAryoM meM bhI ve sadaiva tatpara rahIM, tathA hai / zramaNiyoM kA zlAghanIya yogadAna vastutaH jaina saMskRti ke kaNa-kaNa aura aNu-aNu meM jo prabhAva muni zramaNasaMgha kA rahA hai vaisA hI advitIya anUThA prabhAva gaurava zramaNI jagat kA bhI rahA hai / jinavANI ke pracAra-pracAra - prabhAvanA meM atIta kI mahAn zramaNiyoM kA zlAghanIya yogadAna rahA hai / vidhi-niSedha kA kArya kSetra jo zramaNoM kA rahA hai vahI zramaNI jagat kA / lomaharSaka-prANaghAtaka pariSaha upasargoM ke prahAra jitane zramaNI jagat ne sahe haiM, prANoM kI kurbAnI dekara bhI dharma ko bacAyA / zIla-saMyama kI rakSA kI aura itanI sudRr3ha rahI ki AtatAyiyoM ko ghuTane Tekane par3e haiN| yahA~ taka ki manuSya hI nahIM, pazu - daivika jagat bhI zramaNI jIvana (caraNoM meM) ke sammukha natamastaka ho gayA / AdaraNIya sannAriyA~ zramaNI na kevala jyoti hai apitu vaha agni zikhA bhI hai / vaha agnizikhA isa rUpa meM hai ki apane janmajanmAMtaroM ke karmakASTha ko jalA detI hai aura usake pAvana samparka meM samAgata bhavya AtmAeM bhI apane cirasaMcita karmagrAsa ko bhasmasAt kara detI hai| jaina dharma nArI ke sAmAjika mahatva se bhI A~khe mU~da kara nahIM calA hai / 141
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni usane sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI nArI ko puruSa ke samAna hI ye labdhiyAM mahAkAla kI tUphAnI AMdhI meM bhI kabhI mahatva diyA hai| saMyama ke kSetra meM bhikSuNiyA~ hI nahIM dhUla-dhUsarita na hogii| vastutaH jainAgamoM meM nArI jIvana gRhastha upAsikAe~ bhI anavarata Age bar3hI haiN| bhagavAn kI vividha gAthAeM una nanhIM dIpa zikhAoM kI bhAMti hai mahAvIra ke pramukha zramaNopAsaka/gRhasthoM kA nAmollekha jo yuga-yugAntara taka Aloka kI kiraNeM vikIrNa karatI jahAM hotA hai vahIM pramukha upAsikAeM kI bhI carcAeM AtI rhegii| yaha dIpa zikhAeM divya smRti-maMjUSA meM jagamagAtI haiN| sulasA, revatI, jayaMtI, mRgAvatI jaisI nAriyAM mahAvIra / rhegii| vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM yaha jyoti adhika prAsaMgika ke samavazaraNa meM puruSoM ke samAna hI Adara va sammAnapUrvaka hai, kyoMki Aja bhI nArI vividha viSamatAoM ke bhayAnaka baiThatI hai| bhagavatI sUtrAnusAra jayaMtI nAmaka rAjakumArI dRzyoM se svayaM ko mukta nahIM kara pA rahI hai| yadi hama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa gaMbhIra tAtvika evaM dhArmika jaina zramaNiyoM aura Adarza zrAvikAoM kI suSThu evaM carcA kI hai| to kozA vezyA apane nivAsa para sthita jyotirmaya paraMparA ko eka bAra punaH samaya ke paTala para muni ko sanmArga dikhAtI hai| smaraNa kareM to AnevAle kala kA ceharA na kevala kusumAdapi nArI : zraddhA kI paryAya komala hogA apitu usameM himAlayAdapi dRr3hatA kA bhI ___ uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM mahArAnI kamalAvatI eka Adarza samAveza ho jaayegaa| zrAvikA thI, jisane rAjA iSukAra ko sanmArga dikhAyA vizvAyatana kI nAriyA~ hai| mahArAnI celanA ne apane hiMsAparAyaNa mahArAja zreNika / saMsAra ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta kiyA jAe to pratIta ko ahiMsA kA mArga dikhaayaa| zramaNopAsika sulasA kI hogA ki vizva meM zAnti ke lie tathA vibhinna stara kI aDiga zraddhA satarkatA ke viSaya meM hameM bhI vismaya meM raha / zAnta krAMtiyoM meM nArI kI asAdhAraNa bhUmikA rahI hai| jAnA par3atA hai| ambar3a ne usakI kaI prakAra se parIkSA jaba bhI zAsanasUtra usake hAtha meM AyA hai, unhoMne puruSoM lii| brahmA, viSNu, maheza banA, tIrthaMkara kA rUpa dhAraNa kI apekSA adhika kuzalatA, niSpakSatA evaM ImAnadArI ke kara samavazaraNa kI lIlA raca DAlI, kiMtu sulasA ko sAtha usameM adhika saphalatA prApta kI hai| indaura kI rAnI AkaSTa na kara skaa| salasA kI zraddhA dekhakara mastaka ahilyAbAI, karNATaka kI rAnI cenammA, mahArASTra kI zraddhAvanata ho jAtA hai| revatI kI bhakti devoM kI bhakti cAMdabIbI sultAna, iMglaiMDa kI sAmrAjJI vikToriyA, ijarAila kA atikramaNa karane vAlI thii| kI gelaDAmeyara, zrIlaMkA kI zrImatI bhaMDAranAyake, briTena kI elijhAbetha, bhArata kI bhUtapUrva pradhAnamaMtrI zrImatI nArI sahiSNu hai iMdirA gAMdhI Adi mahAnAriyA~ isakI jvalaMta udAharaNa uparyukta vizleSaNa se yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai ki hai| puruSa zAsakoM kI apekSA strI zAsikAoM kI sujhabUjha, jaina darzana ke mastaka para nArI tapa zIla aura divya sauMdarya karuNApUrNa dRSTi, sAdagI, sahiSNutA, mitavyayitA, ke mukuTa kI bhAMti zobhAyamAna hai| usakI komalatA meM avilAsitA tathA zAnti sthApita karane kI kAryakSamatA himAlaya kI dRr3hatA aura sAgara kI gaMbhIratA chipI huI hai| ityAdi vizeSatAe~ adhika prabhAvazAlI siddha huI haiN| sItA, aMjanA, draupadI, kauzalyA, subhadrA Adi mahAsatiyoM mAtA jIjAbAI kI preraka kahAniyoM se hI bAla zivAjI kA jIvana caritra jaina saMskRti kA yazogAna hai| inake chatrapati zivAjI bane / sAdhu mArga se cyuta honevAle bhavadeva saMyama, sahiSNutA evaM vividha AdarzoM ko yadi devadurlabha ko sthira karanevAlI nAgilA hI thii| tulasI se mahAkavi siddhi kahA jAye to atizayokti na hogii| tulasIdAsa banane ke pIche nArI kA hI marmasparzI vacana thaa| 142 jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva |
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________________ vartamAna meM nArI kisI bhI bAta meM pIche nahIM hai, puruSa ke kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara calane ko taiyAra hai / sarojinI nAyaDU, kastUrabA, vijayalakSmI paMDita, madara TeresA jaisI mahAn nAriyA~ jAgRta nArI zakti kA paricAyaka hai / deza bhaktinI jhAMsI kI rAnI lakSmIbAI kI vIratA tathA mevAr3a kI padminI ityAdi sukumAra nAriyoM kA jauhara yAda kare to roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM / pannA dhAya ke apUrva tyAga ne hI mahArANA udayasiMha ko mevADa kA siMhAsana dilAyA, jisase itihAsa ne nayA mor3a liyaa| isI taraha aneka nArI ratnoM ne apane tyAga va balidAna evaM satItva ke teja se bhAratavarSa kI saMskRti ko samujjvala banAyA / maharSi ramaNa kA kahanA hai - "pati ke lie caritra, saMtAna lie mamatA, samAja ke lie zIla, vizva ke lie dayA, tathA jIva mAtra ke liye karuNA saMjonevAlI mahAprakRti kA nAma hI nArI hai / vaha tapa, tyAga, prema aura karuNA kI pratimUrti hai / usakI tulanA eka aisI salilA se kI jA sakatI hai jo aneka viSama mArgoM para vijayazrI prApta karate hue sudUra prAntoM meM pravAhita hote hue saMkhyAtIta AtmAoM kA kalyANa karatI hai / usameM pRthvI ke samAna sahanazIlatA, AkAza ke samAna ciMtana kI gaharAI aura sAgara ke samAna kalmaSa ko AtmasAta kara pAvana karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna nArI kI tulanA bhUle-bhaTake prANiyoM kA patha pradarzita karanevAle prakAzastaMbha se kI jA sakatI hai| usake jIvana meM rAhoM kI dhUla bhI hai, vairAgya kA candana bhI hai aura rAga kA gulAla bhI hai / vaha kabhI durgA banakara krAnti kI agni prajvalita karatI hai to kabhI lakSmI banakara karuNA kI barasAta / nArI : prathama guru ! nArI isa sRSTi kI prathama zikSikA hai, vahI sarvaprathama vizvarUpI zizu ko na kevala aMgulI pakar3akara calanA sikhAtI hai apitu girakara phira uThakara calane kA pATha bhI jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva EYn jaina saMskRti kA Aloka par3hAtI hai| nArI samAja kA keMdra biMdu hai / bAla saMskAra aura vyaktitva nirmANa kA bIja samAhita hai - nArI ke AcAra-vicAra aura vyaktitva meM ! unhIM bIjoM kA pratyAropaNa hotA hai, una bAla jIvoM ke komala hRdaya para jo nArI ko mAtRtva kA sthAna pradAna karate haiN| samAja ne nArI ko aneka dRSTiyoM se dekhA hai, kabhI devI, kabhI mA~, kabhI patnI, kabhI bahana, kabhI kevala eka bhogyavastu ke rUpa meM use svIkAra kiyA hai| samAja kI saMskAritA aura usake AdarzoM kI uccatA kI jhalaka, usakI nArI ke prati huI dRSTi se hI milatI hai| isa taraha nArI ke patana aura utthAna kA itihAsa samAja meM dharma aura nIti kI unnati aura avanati kA pratyAropaNa karAtA hai / nArI bina nara hai adhUrA puruSa balavIrya kA pratIka hote hue bhI nArI ke binA adhUrA hai| rAdhA binA kRSNA, sItA binA rAma aura binA gaurI ke zaMkara arddhAMga hai| nArI vAstava meM eka mahAn zakti hai / bhAratavarSa ne to nArI meM paramAtmA ke darzana kie haiM aura jagadjananI bhagavatI ke rUpoM meM pUjA hai / nArI samAja kA bhAvapakSa hai, nara hai - karmapakSa / karma ko utkRSTatA aura prakharatA bhara dene kA zreya bhAvanA ko hai / nArI kA bhAva - varcasva jina paristhitiyoM evaM sAmAjika AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika kSetroM meM bar3hegA, unhIM meM sukhazAnti kI ajasra dhArA bhegii| mAtA, bhaginI, dharmapatnI aura putrI ke rUpa meM nArI sukhazAnti kI AdhArazilA bana sakatI hai, bazarte ki usake prati sammAnapUrNa evaM zraddhAsikta vyavahAra rakhA jAe, yadi nArI ko dabAyA - satAyA na jAe tathA use vikAsa kA pUrva avasara diyA jAe to vaha jJAna meM, sAdhanA meM, tapa-japa meM, tyAga - vairAgya meM zIla aura dAna meM, pratibhA, buddhi aura zakti meM tathA jIvana ke kisI bhI kSetra meM pichar3I nahIM raha sktii| sAtha hI vaha divya bhAvanAvAle vyaktiyoM ke nirmANa evaM saMskAra pradAna meM 143
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni tathA parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra kI cirasthAyI zAnti aura pragati meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kara sakatI hai| paraMparA se vizvazAnti ke lie vaha mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kara sakatI hai| nArI maMgalamUrti hai, vAtsalyamayI hai, divyazakti hai| use vAtsalya, komalatA, namratA, kSamA, dayA, sevA Adi guNoM ke samucita vikAsa kA avasara denA hI usakA pUjana hai, usakI maMgalamayI bhAvanA ko sAkAra hone denA, vizvazAnti ke mahatvapUrNa kAryoM meM use yogya samajhakara niyukta karanA hI usakA satkAra-sammAna hai| tabhI vaha vizvazAnti ko sAkAra kara sakatI hai| nArI : samagra vyaktitva kA mitra rUpa hamAre deza meM prAcInakAla se hI nArI kA sthAna garimAmaya rahA hai| 'yatra nAryastu pUjyante, ramante tatra devatA' jahAM para nAriyoM kI pUjA aura sammAna hotA hai, vahAM devatA nivAsa karate haiN| 'iyaM vediH bhuvanasya nAbhiH' nArI hI saMsAra kA keMdra hai| rI ke prati apAra AsthA, zraddhA aura pUjya bhAvanA abhivyakta kI gaI hai| kaviyoM ne unakI tulanA varNa evaM gaMdha ke phUloM kI mahakatI manohArinI mAlA se kI haiM, jananI ke rUpa meM vaha sarvAdhika pUjya evaM sammAnanIya hai, bahina ke rUpa meM vaha sneha, saujanya evaM preraNA kI pravAhinI hai, patnI/bhAryA sahadharmiNI ke rUpa meM vaha mAnava ke samagra vyaktitva kA mitra rUpa meM vikAsa karatI hai| vaha eka aise asIma sAgara ke samAna hai, jisameM cintana ke asaMkhya motI vidyamAna haiN| divya dRSTizIlA nArI "puruSa zastra se kAma letA hai tathA strI kauzala se| strI pRthvI kI bhA~ti dhairyavAna hotI hai" vikTara hyago ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai - "Man have sight, woman insight" arthAt -- manuSya ko dRSTi prApta hotI hai to nArI ko divyadRSTi / aMta meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki atyAcAra, anAcAra, durAcAra, pAkhaMDa Adi ko dUra karane meM nArI apanI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhA sakatI hai, kyoMki usake vyavahArika jIvana meM mAtRtva guNa ke atirikta pavitratA, udAratA, saumyatA, vinaya saMpannatA, anuzAsana, Adara sammAna kI bhAvanA Adi guNoM kA saMyoga maNikAMcana kI taraha hotA hai| nArI ne dharmadhvajA ko phaharAyA hai| nArI ne hI niyama, saMyama va yaza kamAyA hai| ataH yaha bAta nirvivAda hai ki "jaina dharma meM nArI kA sthAna, nArI kA yogadAna AdikAla se rahA hai, vartamAna meM bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI banA rahegA kyoMki vaha dharma kI dhurI hai"| sArapUrNa zabdoM meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA sthAna aura mahatva ajor3a aura anupama hai| nArI ne jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA meM java se yogadAna denA prAraMbha kiyA usakA itivRta zabdazaH likhanA isa laghukAya lekha meM saMbhava nahIM hai tathApi merA vinamra prayAsa bhI usa dizA meM kadama bhara hai| H Sagar 9 sAdhvI DaoN. zrI dharmazIlAjI kA janma ahamadanagara meM san 1636 meM huA tathA Apane san 1658 meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apane ema.e., sAhityaratna evaM pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhiyAM prApta kI haiM evaM jaina darzana kA adhyayana kiyA hai| Apake pravacana bodhaprada hote haiN| Apane 'zrAvaka-dharma' pustikA kA saMpAdana kiyA hai| jaina jJAna ke pracAra-prasAra meM Apa evaM ApakI viduSI ziSyAeM niraMtara kAryazIla haiN| -sampAdaka indiaNews apsi RE 144 jaina saMskRti meM nArI kA mahatva