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________________ jaina-sAhitya meM rAma-bhAvanA DaoN0 zazirAnI agravAla bhArata meM jaina aura bauddha darzana veda ko pramANa na mAnane vAle darzanoM meM sabase prAcIna tathA viziSTa haiN| "bauddha dharma kI apekSA jaina-dharma adhika, bahuta adhika prAcIna hai, balki yaha utanA hI purAnA hai jitanA vaidika dharma / " rAma-kathA kevala hindU dharma meM hI pracalita nahIM, balki bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM bhI bahuta lokapriya rhii| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa kI racanA ke uparAnta rAma ko kendra banAkara saMskRta meM vipula dhArmika aura lalita sAhitya racA jAne lgaa| usakI lokapriyatA se bauddha aura jaina dharmAvalambI bhI isa ora AkRSTa hue| hindU dharma kI pratidvandvitA meM apane dharma kA pracAra aura prasAra karane ke lie unhoMne paurANika carita-kAvyoM kI racanA Arambha kI, jinameM unhoMne nUtana dhArmika caritoM aura AkhyAnoM kI udbhAvanA kI aura sAtha hI hindU dharma meM pratiSThita rAma aura kRSNa ko apnaayaa| hindU dharma kI apekSA apane dharma kI zreSThatA pratipAdita karane ke lie unhoMne ina caritanAyakoM ko jainamatAvalambI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| ina kaviyoM kA uddezya jaina dharma ke prati samAja meM zraddhA utpanna karanA tathA vividha devatAoM ko RSabhadeva kI zakti ke rUpa meM mAnanA thaa| unakI yaha nIti bRhat dhArmika yojanA kA eka aMga thii| jaina sAhitya meM rAma-kathA kI do dhArAe~ milatI haiM-eka vimala sUri kI aura dUsarI AcArya guNabhadra kii| pahalI paramparA kA anukaraNa raviSeNa aura svayaMbhU ne kiyA hai| kannar3a meM bhI vimala sUri kI kathAvastu ko AdhAra banAkara rAmakathA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| yaha vAlmIki kI rAmakathA ke bahuta nikaTa hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vimala sUri kI rAma-kathA hI pracalita hai, lekina digambara sampradAya meM vimala sUri kI paramparA ko adhika mahattA dete hue bhI guNabhadra kI paramparA bhI mAnya hai / guNabhadrAcArya kI paramparA meM puSpadanta ne 'padmapurANa' kI racanA kii| vimala sUri kI paramparA meM jaina rAmakAvya prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI aura kannar3a bhASA meM praNIta hue haiN| vimalasUri kI dhArA paumacariya ke racanA-kAla (prathama zatAbdI-pazcAt) se lekara lagabhaga bIsavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka pravahamAna rahI aura guNabhadra kI paramparA havIM zatAbdI I0 se prArambha hokara 13vIM zatAbdI I0 taka gatizIla rhii| jaina sAhitya kI rAma-kathA apane vistAra kI vizeSatA ke sAtha-sAtha anya aneka vizeSatAoM ko saMjoye hue hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra nirantara gatizIla kAlacakra kI pratyeka utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI meM triSaSTi zalAkA-puruSoM kA janma huA karatA hai| jaina-purANa meM carita-varNana ke lie ye triSaSTi zalAkApuruSa hI mAnya haiM / ye viSaSTi zalAkAmahApuruSa RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra taka caubIsa tIrthakara, bharata se brahmadeva taka bAraha cakravartI, nau baladeva, nau vAsudeva aura nau prativAsudevoM ke rUpa meM pratyeka kalpa meM hote haiN| pUrva janmoM ke karmoM ke kAraNa inake AgAmI janma kI paristhitiyAM, kriyA-kalApa, zArIrika lakSaNa aura rUpa-raMga bhI nizcita rahate haiN| vartamAna avasarpiNI ke 63 zalAkApuruSoM kA janma ho cukA hai / aba agalI utsarpiNI ke Ane taka koI zalAkApuruSa nahIM utpanna hogaa| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra rAma, munisuvrata tIrtha 1. dinakara, rAmadhArIsiMha : saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0 126 2. pro0 mugali : kannar3a sAhitya, pR0 127 3. (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhie rAjasthAnI bhASA meM rAma-kathA-maiza0 gupta abhinandana grantha, pR0840-841) zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne zvetAmbara vidvAno dvArA racita 14 aura digambara vidvAnoM dvArA praNIta racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 4. hiraNmaya : kannar3a-sAhitya meM rAma-kathA-paramparA,(maithilIzaraNa gupta abhinandana grantha), pR0 751 5. AcAryazrI tulasI : 'agni-parIkSA' saM0 2017 meM likhita isI paramparA kI jaina rAmAyaNa hai| 6. uparivat, 1078 7. upAdhyAya, DA. saMkaTAprasAda : mahAkavi svayaMbha, pR.4 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ kara ke tIrtha-kAla meM hue the|' rAma-kathA ke pramukha tIna pAtra--rAma, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa-kramazaH AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva tathA prativAsudeva mAne jAte haiN| ye tInoM sadaiva samakAlIna rahate haiN| dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jaina-paramparA meM rAvaNa rAma ke viparIta prati-baladeva nahIM, balki lakSmaNa ke viparIta prativAsudeva hai| isIlie jaina-granthoM meM rAvaNa kA vadha rAma dvArA na hokara lakSmaNa dvArA hotA hai| isI bhAMti brAhmaNa-paramparA meM vAsudeva saMjJA jahAM viSNu ke avatAra kRSNa aura saMbhavata: rAma ko dI gaI hai tathA baladeva saMjJA lakSmaNa kI ho sakatI hai, vahAM jaina-paramparA meM isa krama ko ulaTa diyA gayA hai / jaina-granthoM meM rAma hI baladeva haiM aura lakSmaNa vAsudeva / isa nAma-viparyaya ke sAtha hI varNa-viparyaya bhI ho gayA hai| phalasvarUpa jaina lakSmaNa zyAma-varNa haiM aura rAma kA 'padma' nAma rUr3ha ho gyaa| jaina-paramparA meM rAma padma-varNa arthAt gaura-varNa mAne gae haiM jabaki brAhmaNa-paramparA unheM barAbara nIla-kamala kI taraha zyAma-varNa mAnatI AI hai| DaoN0 rameza kuntala megha ke anusAra varNa, prema aura kRpA-tInoM dRSTiyoM se rAma megha-dharmA ho gae haiN| jaina-paramparA meM rAma-kathA kA sabase prAcIna krama-baddha varNana 'paumacariya' meM milatA hai, jisake praNetA nAgilavaMzIya sthavira AcArya rAhuprabha ke ziSya sthavira zrI vimala sUri haiM / IsA se prathama zatAbdI pazcAt isa grantha kI racanA huii| pauma-cariya ke Arambha meM hI kavi kA kathana hai ki "usa padma-carita ko maiM AnupUrvI ke anusAra saMkSepa meM kahatA hU~ jo AcAryoM kI paramparA se calA A rahA hai aura nAmAvalI nibaddha hai|"5 'NAmAvaliyanibaddha' zabda se pratIta hotA hai ki vimalasUri ke pUrva jaina-samAja meM rAma kA carita pUrI taraha vikasita nahIM ho pAyA thaa| yahAM eka bAra punaH yaha tathya ullekhya hai ki jisa samaya vimalasUri ne jaina rAma-kathA kA savistAra varNana prathama bAra kiyA, unake sAmane na kevala jaina sAdhu-paramparA meM pracalita 'NAmAvaliya nibaddhaM' rAma-kathA kA rUpa thA, varan pUrvavartI vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, bauddha jAtakoM aura mahAbhArata ke rAmopAkhyAna meM vaNita rAma-kathA ke rUpa bhI avazya vartamAna rahe hoNge| kintu vimalasUri aura paravartI jaina kaviyoM ne nyUnAdhika parivartana ke sAtha hI pUrvavartI rAma-kathA ko svIkAra kiyaa| yaha parivartana nAmoM se Arambha hotA hai| jaina rAma-kAvyoM meM rAma 'padma' ho jAte haiN| unakI mAM kA nAma bhI kauzalyA nahIM raha jaataa| pauma-cariya ke anusAra padma (rAma) kI mAtA kA nAma aparAjitA thA aura vaha asahasthala ke rAjA sukozala tathA amRtaprabhA kI putrI thI / zukla jaina rAmAyaNa meM bhI padma kI mAtA aparAjitA darbhasthala ke rAjA sukozala aura amRtaprabhA kI putrI kahI gayI hai| guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa tathA puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM padma kI mAtA kA nAma subAlA mAnA gayA hai| pUrva-janma-viSayaka kathAoM ke anusAra kauzalyA pahale aditi', zatarUpA aura kalahA" thiiN| rAma ke pitA kA nAma jaina-paramparA meM bhI dazaratha hai| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, raghuvaMza tathA harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra aja aura dazaratha meM pitA aura putra kA sambandha hai kintu paumacariya (parva 21-22) meM dazaratha kI jo vistRta vaMzAvalI ullikhita hai, usake anusAra anaraNya ke do putra the--anantaratha aura dazaratha / anantaratha apane pitA anaraNya ke sAtha jina-dIkSA le lete haiM, jisase dazaratha ko rAjyAdhikAra milatA hai / munizrI zuklajI mahArAja kI rAmAyaNa meM dazaratha ke pitA kA nAma varNAntara hokara aNaranya ho gayA hai| jaina dharma-granthoM meM rAma-kathA ke pradhAna pAtroM ke pUrvajanma kI kathAoM ko apekSAkRta adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai / paumacariu meM rAma ke tIna pUrva janmoM kA ullekha hai| jisake anusAra rAma kramazaH vaNika-putra dhanadatta, vidyAdhara rAjakumAra nayanAnanda tathA rAjakumAra zrI candrakumAra the| lakSmaNa kisI pUrva-janma meM dhanadatta (rAma) kA bhAI vasudatta thA; bAda meM vaha hariNa ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA tathA anya 1. jaina, DA. devendrakumAra : apabhraza bhASA aura sAhitya, pR087 2. dinakara, rAmadhArI siMha : saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0376, pAdaTippaNI 2 3. siMha, nAmavara : maithilIzaraNa gapta abhinandana graMtha, pR0689 4. tulasI : Adhunika vAtAyana se, pR0 306 5. NAmAvaliyanibaddha Ayariya parAgayaM samvaM / ___ vocchAmi paumariyaM ahANu pugviM samAseNa // 1/8 6. premI, nAtha rAma : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR. 62 7. vimalamUri, 22/106-7 8. paM zuklacandra mahArAja : zukla jaina rAmAyaNa, pR0 158 1. vibhinna granthoM meM tapasyA dvArA aditi ke viSNu kI mAM banane kA ullekha hai-matsyapurANa, ma0243/6 tathA mahAbhArata, 3/135/3 tathA vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa (dAkSiNAtya pATha) 1/26/10-17 10. padmapurANa, uttarakANDa, a0266 11. uparivat, a0 106 12. zukla jaina rAmAyaNa, pR0 158 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja bhabhinandana grantha .
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________________ janma meM vaha dazaratha-putra huaa| guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM rAma-lakSmaNa apane pUrva janma meM antaraMga mitra the, bhAI nahIM / lakSmaNa rAjA prajApati kA putra candracUla thA tathA rAma rAjamaMtrI kA vijaya nAmaka putra thA / durAcaraNa ke kAraNa rAjA ne donoM ko prANadaNDa kI AjJA dI thI, kintu mantrI unako eka mahAbala nAmaka sAdhu ke pAsa le gyaa| sAdhu ne bhaviSyavANI kI ki ve vAsudeva tathA baladeva hoMge, jise sunakara candracUla tathA vijaya dIkSA lekara tapa karane lage aura svarga meM kramaza: maNicUla tathA svarNacUla devatA bana gae / agale janma meM ve lakSmaNa tathA rAma ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue| puSpadanta dvArA racita 'mahApurANa' yA 'tiTThi -mahApurisa guNAlaMkAra" tIna khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM 66 se 79vIM saMdhi taka rAmAyaNa kI kathA hai| isI ko jaina matAvalambI pauma-cariyaM yA padma purANa kahate haiM / 'mahApurANa' (656-665 I0) ke rAma aura lakSmaNa kI pUrvajanma-viSayaka kathA pUrvavartI racanA guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa (navIM zatAbdI) se pUrNataH sAmya rakhatI hai| svayaMbhUdeva ke paumacariya (700-800 I.) meM bhI rAma-lakSmaNa kA bhavAntara kathana jaina mAnyatAnusAra hI hai / isameM svayaMbhU kA apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM se koI ullekhya pArthakya nahIM hai| rAma-lakSmaNa ke atirikta hanumAna, rAvaNa Adi pramukha pAtroM ke bhI pUrva bhAvoM kA varNana jaina-rAmAyaNoM meM vistAra se milatA hai| isa prakAra vimala sUri, raviSeNa, jinasena, guNabhadra, haribhadra Adi sabhI jaina kaviyoM ne punarjanma aura janmacakra kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| pUrvavartI janma-varNana meM rAma-lakSmaNa kA caritra bhI atyanta sAmAnya manuSyoM kI taraha mAnavIya durbalatAoM se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai| samasta jaina-sAhitya meM rAma-janma ke pUrva unakI mAtAoM ke svapnoM ko paryApta mahattva diyA gayA hai| paumacariyaM ke paccIsaveM parva meM ina svapnoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| rAma kI mAtA se svapna sunakara dazaratha ne kahA thA ki ye svapna uttama puruSa kA janma sUcita karate haiM (ime varapurisaM sundari puttaM niveenti) / padma-carita ke anumAra bhI ye svapna 'mahApuruSa-vedI' (mahApuruSa kA janma sUcita karane vAle) the / guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM bhI rAma kI mAtA ke zubha svapnoM kA tathA kaikeyI ke pA~ca mahAphala dene vAle svapnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI pramANita hotA hai ki jaina dharma meM rAma ko avatArI rUpa meM nahIM, mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM hI citrita kiyA gayA hai / avatAravAda ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI jaina rAmakathAoM meM dazaratha ke kisI yajJa kA nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| jaina granthoM meM pAtroM ke pArasparika sambandha bhI vAlmIki se bhinna haiN| vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM sarvaprathama bharata aura zatrughna yamala mAne gaye haiN| paravartI kucha rAmakathAoM meM bhI bharata aura zatrughna sahodara kahe gaye haiM ; udAharaNa ke lie saMghadAsa kI vasudeva hiNDI aura guNabhadra kA uttarapurANa dekheN| jaina uttarapurANa meM bharata lakSmaNa ke anuja mAne gaye haiN| isI prakAra sItA bhI paumacariyaM tathA anya adhikAMza jaina rAmAyaNoM meM bhUmijA na hokara janakAtmajA haiM kintu guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa aura vasudeva hiNDI meM ve rAvaNAtmajA haiM / jaina sAhitya ke anusAra janaka kI putrI meM guNa-rUpI dhAnya (guNazasya) kA bAhulya thA, ataH bhUmi kI samAnatA hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma sItA rakhA gayA --'bhUmisAmyena sItA' (padma-carita 26/166) / jahA~ vAlmIki ke rAma 'svadAra-nirata' haiM aura lakSmaNa sItA ke caraNoM taka apanI dRSTi sImita rakhate haiM, vahAM jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra rAma ke aneka vivAha hue the| puSpadanta kI rAma-kathA meM rAma kI sItA ke atirikta sAta aura lakSmaNa kI solaha rAniyAM haiN| guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM rAma kI ATha hajAra rAniyAM batAI gaI haiN| vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' meM bhI rAma kI ATha hajAra paliyoM meM se sItA, prabhAvatI, ratinibhA tathA zrIdAmA pradhAna haiM / ina donoM granthoM meM lakSmaNa kI solaha hajAra patniyoM kA (jinameM se vizalyA Adi ATha paTarAniyAM haiM) ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yahAM para rAma aura lakSmaNa kA caritra una kSatriya rAjAoM kA hai jo yuddha meM vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt zatru-deza kI sabhI kumAriyoM ko apanI patnI banA lete the| aise sthaloM para prAyaH rAma svayaM ko pIche rakha lakSmaNa ko Age kara dete haiM; isI se lakSmaNa kI rAniyoM kI saMkhyA rAma kI apekSA bahuta adhika hai / rAma ke gRhasthI rUpa kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha dharma saba dharmoM kA parama dharma kahA gayA hai / (paumacariyaM, 2/13) / guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM rAma kA 180 putroM ke sAtha sAdhanA karane kA ullekha hai| 1. paumacariyaM, parva 103 2. guNabhadra : uttarapurANa, sandhi 67, 60 Adi 3 jaina sAhitya meM 'purANa' prAcIna kathA aura mahApurANa' prAcIna kAla kI mahatI kathA kA sUcaka zabda hai| purANa meM prAyaH eka hI mahApuruSa kA jIvanAMkana hotA hai, mahApurANa meM 63 zalAkApuruSoM kA caritra-varNana hotA hai / puSpadanta ne isI viziSTatA ko darzAne ke lie apane grantha ko 'mahApurANa' yA 'tisaTThi mahAparisa guNAlaMkAra' kahA hai| 4. vimala sUri : paumariyaM, 25/14 5. uttarapurANa, 70/13/6-10 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' meM sItA ke do putroM ke nAma lavaNa ( athavA anaMga lavaNa ) tathA aMkuza ( athavA madanAMkuza ) mAne gaye haiM ( parva 97 ) / rAma ke caritra kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA unake AcaraNa kI saralatA aura niSkapaTatA hai / parama jina aura jaina dharma meM unakI apAra zraddhA hai / jaina dharma ke anusAra muniyoM ke darzana lAbha aura unheM AhAra dene meM rAma kI vizeSa ruci dikhAI gaI hai / vimalasUri ke rAma aura lakSmaNa vanavAsa kI avadhi meM vaMzasthadyuti nagara meM jAkara dezabhUSaNa aura kulabhUSaNa muniyoM ke darzana karate haiM tathA una para agniprabhadeva ke dvArA kiye hue upasarga ko dUra karate haiN| rAma vaMzagiri ke zikharoM para sahasroM jina mandiroM kA nirmANa karate haiM jisase parvata kA nAma vaMzagiri ke sthAna para rAmagiri ho jAtA hai / Age calakara ve sugupti aura gupti nAmaka do muniyoM ko AhAra dekara paMcAzcarya kI prApti karate haiN| giddha pakSI kA pUrvabhava jAnakara use 'jaTAyu' nAma dete haiM aura rAvaNa dvArA Ahata maraNAsanna jaTAyu ko NamokAra mantra sunAkara mokSapatha-gAmI banA dete haiN| rAma aura sugrIva kI maitrI - zapatha bhI jinAlaya meM jina dharma ke anusAra hotI hai / rAma kI vana-yAtrA ke sambandha meM ina parivartanoM se spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma kA prabhAva bar3hAne ke lie hI ina kaviyoM ne vAlmIki se bhinnatA utpanna kI hai| paumacariyaM ke ahiMsAvAdI rAma kumbhakarNa ko bandI banAkara ( parva 61) yuddhoparAnta mukta kara dete haiM / isI prakAra indrajita ko bhI bandI banAkara ( parva 61 ) yuddha ke anta meM mukta kara dete haiM ( parva 75 ) / rAmacarita kathA meM ye parivartana mukhyataH do kAraNoM se kiye gae haiM 1. janazrutiyoM kA prAdhAnya, tathA 2. sakala samAja ko RSabhadeva kI ziSya-paramparA meM parigaNita karane kA lakSya / isalie AdhikArika kathA meM yatra-tatra jaina dharma zikSA, jaina darzana, sAdhu dharma, karma siddhAnta aura pUrvabhava ke vRttAntoM kA vivecana milatA hai| udAharaNArtha, banavAsa meM rAma sItA ko una sabhI vRkSoM kA nAmapUrvaka saMketa karate haiM jinake nIce tIrthakaroM ko kevala jJAna prApta huA thaa|" jaina rAma ahiMsaka avazya haiM kintu bhIru nahIM / paumacariyaM ke anusAra rAma tathA lakSmaNa ne una mlecchoM ko harA diyA thA, jo janaka ke rAjya para AkramaNa karane kI taiyAriyAM kara rahe the ( parva 27 ) | bacapana se hI unameM apAra zakti aura parAkrama hai|' svayaMbhU ke rAma bhI pavana kI bhAMti the jinhoMne agnisadRza lakSmaNa ko sAtha lekara zatru senA ko dhvasta kiyA thaa| isI prakAra sItA svayaMvara ke avasara para ekatra asaMkhya abhimAnI rAjAoM kA mAna-mardana pratyaJcA car3hAkara kiyA thA / unhoMne vanavAsa ke ghaTanA-saMkula jIvana meM aneka duSToM * kA dalana aura mAna-matsara bhaMga kiyA thaa| aneka sajjano kA paritrANa bhI paropakArI rAma ne kiyA thA / kintu ina kaviyoM ne rAma ko deva rUpa meM nahIM, varan mAnava rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| pampa rAmAyaNa ke rAma bhI uccastarIya jIva haiN| ve mAnavIya guNoM aura durbalatAoM se yukta haiN| isalie sItA haraNa ke avasara para sAmAnyataH bahuta zAnta, dhIra-gaMbhIra dikhAI dene vAle rAma ke strI-parAyaNa hRdaya kA komala pakSa udghATita hotA hai| paumacariyaM ke rAma kuTiyA meM sItA ko na pAkara mUcchita ho jAte haiM / " paumacariu meM bhI rAma kI aisI hI karuNa sthiti darzAyI gaI hai|" lakSmaNa ke zakti lagane para bhI bhrAtR-viyoga kI AzaMkA unheM mUcchita kara detI hai / puSpadanta ke rAma bhI vanaspati aura vanya jIvoM se sItA ke viSaya meM prazna karate hue vilApa karate haiM / " paumacariyaM ( parva 9264) ke rAma ko, janatA se sItA kI nindA sunakara usake caritra para sandeha huA aura jina mandira dikhalAne ke bahAne apane senApati kRtAntavadana se unheM bhayAnaka vana meM chur3avA diyaa| paravartI jaina sAhitya meM-- bhadrezvara kI 'kahAvalI' (11 vI pA0 I0), hemacandra kI jaina rAmAyaNa (13 vIM za0 I0), deva vijayagaNi kI jaina rAmAyaNa (1956 I0 ) meM sItA ke tyAga kA kAraNa sapatniyoM ke anurodha para ng 1. vimalasUri : paumacariyaM, 32 / 4-5 2. uparivat 21 / 5 3. svayaMbhU paumacariu, 21/7 4. rudrabhUti, kapila brAhmaNa, mahIdhara, anaMtavIrya, aridamana, utpAtI, yakSAdi, biTasugrIva, rAkSasAdi, (paumacarimaM) / 5. vajrakarNa, bAlikhilya, munivarga, jaTAyu, sugrIva, virAdhita (paumacariyaM) / 6. nAgacandra pampa rAmAyaNa 7. vimalasUri parva 44 8. svayaMbhU, 36/2/1 6. vahI, 67 / 2 10. mahApurANa, 73/4 .58 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ sItA dvArA banAyA gayA rAvaNa-citra mAnA gayA hai| svayaMbhU ne pahale rAma meM lokamata ke prati AdarabhAva sItA-apavAda ke prasaMga se dikhAyA hai kintu bhUla jJAta hone para rAma ke anutApa kA citraNa bhI sundara kiyA hai| isI prakAra AcArya tulasI ke rAma bhI bAda meM pazcAttApa kI agni meM jhulasate dikhAe gae haiN| jaina sAdhu brahma jinadAsa, guNakIrti aura vinayasamudra ne bhI isa paramparA meM rAma kA caritAMkana apane kAvyoM meM kiyA hai| hindU sampradAya meM rAvaNa Adi ko rAkSasa kahakara unheM nindA aura bhartsanA kA pAtra ThaharAyA gayA hai| rAvaNa ke bAhya aura Antarika rUpoM meM jo kurUpatA A gaI thI, jaina kavi usase atyanta kSubdha the| isalie puSpadanta ne kahA hai ki vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa aura vyAsa ke vacanoM para vizvAsa karane vAle loga kumArga-rUpI kueM meM gira par3ate haiM (mahApurANa, 69/3/11) / ina kurUpatAoM ko dUra karate hue kucha jaina kaviyoM ne to rAvaNa ko nAyaka pada para pratiSThita karate hue kAvya-racanAeM kiiN| jinarAja sUri aura muni lAvaNya ne pRthaka-pRthak 'rAvaNa-mandodarI-saMvAda' nAmaka granthoM kA praNayana rAvaNa-caritra kI utkRSTatA siddha karane ke lie hI kiyaa| asaMgatiyoM ko yathAsaMbhava apane granthoM se dUra rakhane ke prayAsa ne aura dhArmika udAra dRSTikoNa ne jaina rAmakAvyoM ko anupama viziSTatA pradAna kI hai| vidyAdhara rAkSasa aura vAnara-vaMza ke prati jainAcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa hinduoM se adhika sahAnubhUtipUrNa pratIta hotA hai| isa viSaya meM jaina dharma kI udAratA kI prazaMsA DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ne muktakaMTha se kI hai| vAlmIki ne jahAM inake vaMzoM kA varNana apanI kathA ke uttarakAMDa meM kiyA hai, vahAM jaina kaviyoM ne rAma-kathA kA prArambha hI inake vizada varNana se karanA samIcIna samajhA hai| vimalasUri ne paumacariyaM ke 118 upadezakoM meM se 20 meM, raviSeNa ne padmapurANa ke prathama 16 paryoM meM aura svayaMbhU ne prathama 16 saMdhiyoM meM rAkSasoM, vAnaroM aura vidyAdharoM kA varNana kiyA hai| inhoMne rAkSasoM aura vAnaroM ko vidyAdhara vaMza kI do bhinna manuSya jAtiyAM kahA hai / unheM kAmarUpatA evaM AkAzagAminI vidyAeM siddha thiiN| vidyAdharoM kI utpatti ke viSaya meM paumacariyaM meM yuktiyukta vRttAnta milatA hai-zrI vRSabha (prathama tIrthaMkara) ne tapasyA karane ke uddezya se sau putroM meM se bharata ko rAjya sauMpakara dIkSA lI thii| bAda meM nami aura vinami unake sAtha pahuMce aura rAjalakSmI mAMgane lge| vividha vidyAeM dekara RSabhanAtha ne unheM vaitADhya parvata (raviSeNa ke anusAra vijayA) arthAt vindhya pradeza meM apanA rAjya sthApita karane kA parAmarza diyaa| ye nami aura vinami rAjakumAra hI vidyAdharoM ke pUrvaja haiN| dhvajAoM aura bhavana-zikharoM para vAnara-cihna rahane ke kAraNa hI vidyAdhara vAnara kahalAe / meghavAhana nAmaka eka vidyAdhara kI dIrgha santAna-paramparA meM rAkSasa nAmaka aisA prabhAvazAlI putra huA ki usa vaMza kA nAma hI rAkSasa vaMza par3a gayA / haribhadra ne dhUrtAyanam (8vIM zatAbdI I0) meM tathA amitagati ne 'dharma-parIkSA' (11vIM za0I0) meM vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM vaNita hanumAna ke samudra-laMghana jaisI ghaTanAoM ko asaMbhava aura hAsyAspada batAyA hai| brahma jinadAsa ne hanumaMtarAsa tathA sundaradAsa ne hanumAna-carita ko nayA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| ina tarkasaMgata AkhyAnoM ko lakSya karake hI zrI muni puNyavijaya ne kahA hai"rAmAyaNa ke viSaya meM jainAcAryoM ne apanI lekhanI ThIka-ThIka calAI hai|" rAmakathA-sambandhI ghaTanAoM ko laukika rUpa meM citrita karane kA prayAsa karate hue jainAcAryoM ne vidyAdhara, rAkSasa aura vAnara ko eka hI mAnavakula kI vibhinna zAkhAeM btaayaa| ye Apasa meM vaivAhika sambandha bhI karate haiN| inake varNanoM meM hindU devatAoM jaise indra Adi ke nAma bhI Ae haiM-kintu jaina rAmAyaNakAroM ne unheM bhI manuSya hI mAnA hai aura pratyeka ko kabhI na kabhI jaina dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karate dikhAyA hai| paumacariyaM (parva 108) meM hanumAna dIkSA lekara nirvANa prApta karate haiM evaM vibhISaNa apane putra subhUSaNa ko rAjya sauMpakara jaina dIkSA lete haiM (parva 114) / bAli bhI dazAnana ke sAtha jIva-nAzaka yuddha na kara, sugrIva ko rAjya sauMpakara dIkSA le letA hai| rAvaNa kI dhArmika pravRtti jaina rAmakAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM to rAma se bhI bar3hI huI hai| yuddha-kAla meM rAma jina-pUjA bhUla jAte haiM, para rAvaNa nahIM bhuultaa| pamparAmAyaNa kA rAvaNa jina-bhakta hai| usake mahala meM jinezvara kI pUjA pratidina hotI hai| isake racayitA ne rAvaNa ko mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| deva aura dAnava kula kA varNana karane para yaha saMbhava na hotA / isalie ina kaviyoM ne apane dharma ke pradhAna lakSya ko siddha karane ke lie hinduoM ke deva aura daitya kuloM ko bhI mAnaba jAti meM parivartita karake unakA varNana kiyA hai| isI lakSya kI pUrti ke lie jaina rAma-kathAkAroM ne pAtroM ke citraNa meM jina-vandanA aura jainadharmopadeza-kathana ke avasara bAra-bAra DhUMr3ha nikAle haiN| sItA bhI bAlyakAla se hI jina-bhakta haiN| jainamatAvalambI rAma kI sahardhAmaNI hone ke kAraNa aneka avasaroM para vaha jina 1.paumacariu, 83/16/4 2. AcAryazrItulasI : agni-parIkSA, pR0 86 3. jaina, DA0 hIrAlAla : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pa04-5 4, muni puNyavijaya : rAmAyaNa kA adhyayana, 'maithilIzaraNa gupta abhinandana-grantha', pR0675 5. DaoN0 kAmila balke : rAmakathA, pR0640 6. svayaMbhU : paumacariu, 12/112 7. nAgacandra : pamparAmAyaNa jaina sAhityAnuzIlana pU6
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________________ arcanA karatI huI dikhAI gaI haiM / antataH keza-luMcana karake (sira ke bAla noMcakara) muni se dIkSA grahaNa karatI haiM / vimala sUri kI sItA ke dIkSA-guru sarvagupta nAmaka muni haiM aura svayaMbhU kI sItA sarvabhUSaNa se dIkSA letI haiN| nAyaka rAma ke carita se bhI aise aneka udAharaNa liye jA sakate haiN| sItAvaraNa ke pazcAt ghara lauTane para rAma kI jina-vaMdanA (paumacariu 22/1), vana-gamana kI pUrva rAtri meM jinArAdhanA (pauma cariu 23/10/1), vanavAsa meM candraprabhu kI pratimA kA darzana (pauma cariyaM 25/7/6), vaMzastha nagara meM muniyoM kA upasarga-nivAraNa Adi aisI hI ghaTanAeM haiN| patnI-viyoga se vyAkula rAma apane ko sAMtvanA dene ke lie bhI jina-mandira meM prArthanA karate haiN| (paumacariu, 40/18), sItA kI prApti ke pazcAt bhI zAntinAtha kI stuti karate haiN| sItA ke jina-dIkSA lene ke pazcAta ve tapasvI ho jAte haiM / ratnacUla aura maNicUla nAmaka do devatAoM dvArA lI gaI parIkSA meM uttIrNa ho ve kevalI ho jAte haiM aura satraha hajAra varSa taka jIvita rahakara nirvANa prApta karate haiN|' guNabhadra ke rAma sugrIva, vibhISaNa Adi pAMca sau rAjAoM tathA 180 putroM ke sAtha sAdhanA karate haiM aura 365 varSa bItane para unheM nirvANa prApta hotA hai| svayaMbhU ke rAma lakSmaNa-viyoga se Atura haiN| ve koTizilA para tapazcaraNa karate haiM aura nirvANa ko prApta hote haiM / 'paumacariu' kI mandodarI ne sItAharaNa ke pazcAt rAvaNa ko samajhAte hae jo kucha kahA hai vaha samasta jaina dharma kA nicor3a hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaina sAhitya meM 'rAma-kathA' eka mAdhyama mAtra hai, jisake dvArA kAvya-praNetAoM ne jaina darzana ke mUla-siddhAMtoM kA, sAtoM tattvoM (jIva, ajIba, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa) kA samyaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jaina rAmakAvyoM meM rAvaNa-vadha kI bhAMti zambUka-vadha bhI rAma dvArA nahIM, lakSmaNa dvArA hotA hai (paumacariyaM, parva 43) / bAli-vadha bhI lakSmaNa hI tIkSNa bANa se sira kATakara karate haiN| vadha karane ke kAraNa hI lakSmaNa caturtha naraka meM jAte haiN| isa kalpanA meM jaina ahiMsAvAda kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / isase rAma kI mahattA kama nahIM hotI / lakSmaNa kI preraka zakti aura mArgadarzaka rAma hI haiN| saphalatA lakSmaNa ko milatI hai, AzIrvAda rAma kA hotA hai / dharmacarcA aura niHsvArtha karttavya-parAyaNatA meM rAma lakSmaNa se Age rahate haiN| dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke samasta gaNa rAma meM pAye jAte haiN| rAma ke caritra ko eka mahAn Adarza jina-bhakta ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki rAmakathA aura rAma kA caritra jaina paramparA meM avatAravAda kI Adarza bhAvanA se mukta, yathArtha evaM yuktisaMgata kathA-prasaMgoM para AdhArita, karmaphalavAda aura punarjanmavAda se poSita aisI zuddha mAnavIya gAthA hai jisake rUpa-svarUpa meM aneka dhArmika, dArzanika va sAhityika dhAraNAeM sambaddha haiM / jaina dharma-granthoM meM rAma vartamAna avasarpiNI ke tresaTha zalAkA-puruSoM meM AThaveM baladeva ke rUpa meM samAdRta haiN| muni mahendrakumAra prathama kA yaha kathana pUrNata: satya pratIta hotA hai ki Aja ke buddhi-pradhAna yuga meM jaina rAmAyaNe buddhigamyatA kI dizA meM adhika prazasta mAnI gaI haiM; vahAM adhikAMza ghaTanAeM svAbhAvika aura sambhava rUpa meM milatI haiN|' 1. vimalasUri : paumacariyaM parva 110-118 2. svayaMbhU : paumacariu, sandhi, 88/13 3. guNabhadra : uttarapurANa, 68/463 4. muni, mahendrakumAra : agni-parIkSA, bhUmikA, pR07 mahAkavi svayambhU hindI-sAhitya kI carcA anya pramukha bhAratIya bhASAoM kI bhAMti apabhraza-kAla se Arambha hotI hai / yaha apabhraMzakAla IsA kI chaThI zatI se lekara 11vIM zatI taka mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya candradhara zarmA gulerI ne 'purAnI hindI' zIrSaka nibandha meM pahalI bAra pratipAdita kiyA ki hindI tathA anya bhAratIya bhASAoM-rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, gujarAtI, braja, avadhI Adi-kI mAM apabhraMza hai, saMskRta nhiiN| phira to AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'buddha-carita' kI bhUmikA meM aura paM0 kezavaprasAda mizra ne 'kItha oNna apabhraza' (iMDiyana eNTIkvarI, 1931) lekha meM isI siddhAnta ko vyApaka rUpa se samajhAne kI ceSTA kii| dUsarI ora zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne 'hindI kAvya-dhArA1655' likhakara apabhraza kA sAhitya bhI prastuta kara diyaa| hindI meM bhASA kI dRSTi se mahAkavi svayambhU-kRta 'pauma-cariu' kA nAma sabase pahale AtA hai| DaoN0 nAmavarasiMha ke anusAra vartamAna hindI kI utpatti samajhane ke lie pIche svayambhU-kAla taka jAnA anivArya hai| sAhitya kI dRSTi se svayambhU nizcita rUpa se apabhraza kA srv| zreSTha mahAkavi thA (paumacariu-pra0 bhAratIya vidyA-bhavana, bmbii)| bhAratIya sAhitya meM usakA sthAna vAlmIki, kAlidAsa, canda, sUra aura tulasI kI paramparA meM hai| zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana svayambhU ko tulasI se UMce stara kA kavi mAnate haiN| zrI kRSNAcArya ke nibandha 'hindI pustaka jagata' se sAbhAra (-rASTrakavi 'maithilIzaraNa gupta abhinandana-grantha' pR0 187) AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha