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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna zramaNadhArA aura dhyAna bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI paramparA meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA astitva ati prAcInakAla se ho rahA hai| yahAM taka ki ati prAcIna nagara mohana jodaro aura harappA se khudAI meM, jo sIleM Adi upalabdha huI haiM, unameM bhI dhyAnamudrA meM yogiyoM ke aMkana pAye jAte haiN|" isa prakAra aitihAsika adhyayana ke, jo bhI prAcInatama srota hameM upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI bhArata meM dhyAna kI paramparA ke ati prAcInakAla se pracalita hone kI puSTi karate haiN| unase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM yajJa mArga ko apekSA dhyAna mArga kI paramparA prAcIna hai aura use sadaiva hI AdarapUrNa sthAna prApta rahA hai| sAgaramala jaina aupaniSadika paramparA aura usakI sahavartI zramaNa paramparAoM meM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se dhyAna kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA thaa| aupaniSadika RSi - gaNa aura zramaNa-sAdhaka apanI dainika jIvanacaryA meM dhyAna-sAdhanA ko sthAna dete rahe haiM - yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai, mahAvIra aura buddha ke pUrva bhI aneka aise zramaNa sAdhaka the, jo dhyAna sAdhanA kI viziSTa vidhiyoM ke na kevala jJAtA the, apitu apane sAnnidhya meM aneka sAdhakoM ko una dhyAnasAdhanA kI vidhiyoM kA abhyAsa bhI karavAte the| ina AcAryoM ko dhyAna sAdhanA kI apanI-apanI viziSTa vidhiyA~ thIM, aise saMketa bhI milate haiN| buddha apane sAdhanAkAla meM aise hI eka dhyAna-sAdhaka zramaNa AcArya rAmaputta ke pAsa svayaM dhyAna-sAdhanA ke abhyAsa ke lie gaye the| rAmaputta ke saMbaMdha meM tripiTaka sAhitya meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki svayaM bhagavAn buddha jJAna prApti ke pazcAt bhI apanI sAdhanA kI upalabdhiyoM ko batAne hetu unase milane ke lie utsuka the, kintu taba taka unakI mRtyu ho cukI thii| inhIM rAmaputta kA ullekha jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhI AtA hai| prAkRta AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga meM unake nAma ke nirdeza ke atirikta antakRtdazA, RSibhASita Adi meM to unase saMbaMdhita svataMtra adhyAya bhI rahe the| durbhAgya se antakRtdazA kA vaha adhyAya to Aja lupta ho cukA hai, kintu RSibhASita' meM unake upadezoM kA saMkalana Aja bhI upalabdha hai| 1) Mohenjodaro and Indus Civilization, John Marshall Vol. I. Page 52 2) Dictionary of Pali Proper Names By J. P. Malal Sckhar (1937) Vol. 1. P. 382-83 3) sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 3 / 4 / 2-3 (4) sthAnAMga 10 | 133 ( isameM antakRtdazA ko prAcIna viSayavastu kA ullekha hai) 5) isibhAsiyAI adhyAya 23 6) vahI adhyAya 23
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________________ buddha aura mahAvIra ko jJAna kA jo prakAza upalabdha huA vaha unakI dhyAna sAdhanA kA pariNAma hI thA, isameM Aja kisI prakAra kA vaimatya nahIM hai| kintu hamArA yaha durbhAgya hai ki prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI dhyAna sAdhanA kI ina paddhatiyoM ke vistRta vivaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM, mAtra yatra-tatra vikIrNa nirdeza hI hameM milate haiN| phira bhI jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha haiM, unake AdhAra para itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki aupaniSadika RSigaNa aura zramaNa sAdhaka apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie dhyAna-sAdhanA kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA anusaraNa karate the| unako dhyAna-sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ke kucha avazeSa Aja bhI hameM yoga paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM mila jAte haiN| jaina dharma aura dhyAna zramaNa paramparA kI nirgranthadhArA - jo Aja jaina paramparA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai - apane astitva kAla se dhyAna sAdhanA se jur3I huI hai| prAkRta sAhitya ke prAcInatama graMthoM AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita Adi meM dhyAna kA mahatva spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita hai| RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) meM to spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki zarIra meM jo sthAna mastiSka kA hai, sAdhanA meM vahI sthAna dhyAna kA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zramaNa jIvana kI dinacaryA kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka zramaNa sAdhaka ko dina aura rAtri ke dUsare prahara meM niyamita rUpa se dhyAna karanA caahie| Aja bhI jaina zramaNa ko nidrAtyAga ke pazcAt, bhikSAcaryA evaM padayAtrA se lauTane para gamanAgamana evaM malamUtra Adi ke visarjana ke pazcAt tathA prAtaHkAlIna aura sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNa karate samaya dhyAna karanA hotA hai| usake AcAra aura upAsanA ke sAtha kadama-kadama para dhyAna prakriyA jur3I jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA kitanA mahatva hai - isakA sabase bar3A pramANa to yaha hai ki jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM cAhe ve khaDgAsana meM ho yA padmAsana meM sadaiva hI dhyAnamudrA meM upalabdha hotI haiN| Aja taka koI bhI jina pratimA dhyAna-mudrA ke atirikta kisI bhI anya mudrA meM upalabdha hI nahIM huI hai| yadyapi tIrthakara yA jina pratimAoM ke atirikta buddha ko bhI kucha pratimAyeM dhyAna mudrA meM upalabdha huI haiM kintu buddha kI adhikAMza pratimAyeM to ghyAnetara mudrAoM - yathA abhayamudrA, varada-mudrA aura upadeza-mudrA meM hI milatI haiN| isI prakAra ziva kI kucha pratimAyeM bhI dhyAna mudrA meM milatI haiM - kintu nRtyu mudrA Adi meM bhI ziva pratimAyeM vipula parimANa meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra jahAM anya paramparAoM meM 1) isibhAsiyAI (RSibhASita), 22 / 14 2) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 26 / 18 3) zramaNa sUtra (upAdhyAya amaramuni), prathama saMskaraNa pR. 133-134
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________________ 46 apane ArAdhya devoM kI pratimAyeM dhyAnetara mudrAoM meM bhI banatI rahIM, vahAM tIrthaMkara yA jina pratimAyeM mAtra dhyAnamudrA meM hI nirmita huI. kisI bhI anya mudrA meM nahIM bniiN| jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA do sahasra varSa kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki kabhI bhI koI bhI jinapratimA/tIrthakara pratimA dhyAna-mudrA ke atirikta kisI anya mudrA meM nahIM banAI gyii| isase jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA kyA sthAna rahA hai - yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko sAdhanA kA mastiSka mAnA hai| jisa prakAra mastiSka ke niSkriya ho jAne para mAnava jIvana kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai,usI prakAra dhyAna ke abhAva meM jaina sAdhanA kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai| dhyAna - sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA mAnava mana svabhAvataH caMcala mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM mana ko duSTa azva kI saMjJA dI gaI, jo kumArga meM bhAgatA hai| gItA meM mana ko caMcala batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki usako nigrahIta karanA vAyu ko rokane ke samAna ati kaThina hai| caMcala mana meM vikalpa uThate rahate haiM - inhIM vikalpoM ke kAraNa caittasika AkulatA yA azAnti kA janma hotA hai| yaha AkulatA hI cetanA meM udvignatA yA tanAva kI upasthiti kI sUcaka hai| citta kI yaha udvigna yA tanAvapUrNa sthiti hI asamAdhi yA duHkha hai| isI caittasika pIr3A yA duHkha se vimukti pAnA samagra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai| ise hI nirvANa yA mukti kahA gayA hai| ___ manuSya meM duHkha-vimukti kI bhAvanA sadaiva hI rahI hai| yaha svAbhAvika hai, Aropita nahIM hai| kyoMki koI bhI vyakti tanAva yA udvignatA kI sthiti meM jInA nahIM cAhatA hai| udvignatA cetanA kI vibhAvadazA hai| vibhAvadazA se svabhAva meM lauTanA yahI sAdhanA hai| pUrva yA pazcima kI sabhI adhyAtmapradhAna sAdhanA vidhiyoM kA lakSya yahI rahA hai ki citta ko AkulatA, udvignatA yA tanAvoM se mukta karake, use nirAkula, anudvigna cittadazA yA samAdhibhAva meM sthita kiyA jaaye| isaliye sAdhanA vidhiyoM kA lakSya nirvikAra aura nirvikalpa samatA yukta citta kI upalabdhi hI hai| ise hI samAdhi/sAmAyika (prAkRtasamAhi) kahA gayA hai| dhyAna isI samAdhi yA nirvikalpa citta kI upalabdhi kA abhyAsa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve sabhI sAdhanA paddhatiyAM jo citta ko anudvigna, nirAkula, nirvikAra aura nirvikalpa yA dUsare zabdoM meM samatva-yukta banAnA cAhatI haiM, dhyAna ko apanI sAdhanA meM avazya sthAna detI haiN| 1) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23155-56 2) bhagavadgItA 6 / 34
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________________ 47 dhyAna kA svarUpa evaM prakriyA jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko 'cittanirodha' kahA hai| citta kA nirodha ho jAnA hI dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mana kI caMcalatA ko samApta karane kA abhyAsa hai| jaba dhyAna siddha ho jAtA hai to citta ko caMcalatA svataH hI samApta ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana meM 'yoga' ko paribhASita karate hue bhI kahA gayA hai ki cittavRtti kA nirodha hI 'yoga' hai| spaSTa hai ki citta kI caMcalatA kI samApti yA cittavRtti kA nirodha dhyAna se hI sambhava hai| ataH dhyAna ko sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| gItA meM mana kI caMcalatA ke nirodha ko vAyu ko rokane ke samAna ati kaThina mAnA gayA hai| usameM usake nirodha ke do upAya batAye gaye haiM - 1. abhyAsa, 2. vairAgyA uttarAdhyayana meM mana rUpI duSTa azva ko nigrahIta karane ke lie zruta rUpI rassiyoM kA prayoga Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| caMcala citta kI saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka taraMgeM yA vAsanAjanya Avega sahaja hI samApta nahIM ho jAte haiN| pahale unakI bhAga-daur3a ko samApta karanA hotA hai| kintu yaha vAsanonmukha sakriya-mana yA vikSobhita citta nirodha ke saMkalpa mAtra se niyantrita nahIM ho pAtA hai| punaH yadi use balAt rokane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha adhika vikSubdha hokara manuSya ko pAgalapana ke kaMgAra para pahuMcA detA hai, jaise tIvra gati se calate hue vAhana ko yakAyaka rokane kA prayatna bhayaMkara durghaTanA kA hI kAraNa banatA hai, usI prakAra citta kI caMcalatA kA yakAyaka nirodha vikSiptatA kA kAraNa banatA hai| prathamataH mAnava mana kI gatizIlatA ko niyaMtrita kara usakI gati kI dizA badalanI hotI hai| jJAna yA vivekarUpI lagAma ke dvArA usa mana rUpI duSTa azva ko kumArga se sanmArga kI dizA meM mor3A jAtA hai| isase usakI sakriyatA yakAyaka samApta to nahIM hotI, kintu usakI dizA badala jAtI hai| dhyAna meM bhI yahI karanA hotA hai| dhyAna meM sarva prathama mana ko vAsanA rUpI vikalpoM se mor3akara dharma-cintana meM lagAyA jAtA hai - phira kramazaH isa cintana kI prakriyA ko zithila yA kSINa kiyA jAtA hai| anta meM eka aisI sthiti A jAtI hai jaba mana pUrNataH niSkriya ho jAtA hai, usakI bhAgadaur3a samApta ho jAtI hai| aisA mana, mana na rahakara 'amana' ho jAtA hai| mana ko 'amana' banA denA hI dhyAna hai| isa prakAra caittasika tanAvoM yA vikSobhoM ko samApta karane ke lie athavA nirvikalpa aura zAnta citta-dazA kI upalabdhi ke lie dhyAna sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| 1) tattvAtha sUtra 9 / 27 2) gItA 6 / 34 3) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23:56
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________________ 48 usake dvArA saMkalpa - vikalpoM meM vibhakta citta ko kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| vividha vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura icchAoM ke kAraNa cetanA zakti aneka rUpoM meM vikhaNDita hokara svataH meM hI saMgharSazIla ho jAtI hai|" usa zakti kA yaha bikharAva hI hamArA AdhyAtmika patana hai| dhyAna isa caittasika vighaTana ko samApta kara cetanA ko kendrita karatA hai| cUMki vaha vighaTita cetanA ko saMgaThita karatA hai| isIlie vaha 'yoga' (Unification) hai| dhyAna cetanA ke saMgaThana kI kalA hai| saMgaThita cetanA hI zaktisrota hai, isIlie yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki dhyAna se aneka Atmika labdhiyAM yA siddhiyAM prApta hotI hai| cittadhArA jaba vAsanAoM evaM AkAMkSAoM ke mArga se bahatI hai to vaha vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM, icchAoM kI svAbhAvika bahuvidhatA ke kAraNa aneka dhArAoM meM vibhakta hokara nirbala ho jAtI hai| dhyAna ina vibhakta evaM nirbala cittadhArAoM ko eka dizA meM mor3ane kA prayAsa hai| jaba dhyAna kI sAdhanA yA abhyAsa se cittadhArA eka dizA meM bahane lagatI hai, to na kevala vaha sabala hotI hai, apitu niyaMtrita hone se usakI dizA bhI samyak hotI hai| jisa prakAra bAMdha vikIrNa jaladhArAoM ko ekatrita kara unheM sabala aura suniyojita karatA hai, usI prakAra dhyAna bhI hamArI cetanAdhArA ko sabala aura suniyojita karatA hai| jisa prakAra bAMdha dvArA suniyojita jala- zaktiH kA samyak upayoga sambhava ho pAtA hai, usI prakAra dhyAna dvArA suniyojita cetanazakti kA samyak upayoga sambhava hai| saMkSepa meM Atmazakti ke kendrIkaraNa evaM use samyak dizA meM niyojita karane ke lie dhyAna sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| vaha citta vRttiyoM kI nirarthaka bhAgadaur3a ko samApta kara hameM mAnasika vikSobha evaM vikAroM se mukta rakhatA hai| pariNAmataH vaha AdhyAtmika zAnti aura nirvikalpa citta kI upalabdhi kA anyatama sAdhana hai| dhyAna ke pArampArika evaM vyAvahArika lAbha dhyAnazataka (jhANajjhayana) meM dhyAna se honevAle pAramparika evaM vyAvahArika lAbhoM ko vistRta carcA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki dharmadhyAna se zubhAssrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura devaloka ke sukha prApta hote haiN| zukla dhyAna ke bhI prathama do caraNoM kA pariNAma zubhAsrava evaM anuttara devaloka ke sukha haiM, jabaki zukla dhyAna ke antima do caraNoM kA phala mokSa yA nirvANa hai| yahAM yaha smaraNa rakhane yogya hai ki jaba taka dhyAna meM vikalpa hai, AkAMkSA hai, cAhe vaha prazasta hI kyoM na ho, taba taka vaha zubhAsrava kA kAraNa to hogA hI / 1) puDho chaMdA iha mANavA, puDho dukkhaM paveditaM / - AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 2 / 25 agacitte khalu ayaM purise se keyaNaM arihae pUraittara - AcArAMga 5 / 3 / 2
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________________ 49 phira bhI yaha zubhAsrava antatogatvA mukti kA nimitta hone se upAdeya hI mAnA gayA hai| aisA Asrava mithyAtva ke abhAva ke kAraNa saMsAra kI abhivRddhi kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai|' punaH dhyAna ke lAbhoM kI carcA karate hue usameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jala vastra ke mala ko dhokara use nirmala banA detA hai, usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI jala AtmA ke karmarUpI mala ko dhokara use nirmala banA detA hai| jisa prakAra agni lohe ke maila ko dUra kara detI hai, 2 jisa prakAra vAyu se prerita agni dIrghakAla se saMcita kASTha ko jalA detI hai, usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI vAyu se prerita sAdhanArUpI agni pUrvabhavoM ke saMcita karma saMskAroM ko naSTa kara detI hai| usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI agni AtmA para lage hue karmarUpI mala ko dUra kara detI hai| jisa prakAra vAyu se tADita . .. megha zIghra hI vilIna ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI vAyu se tADita karmarUpI medha zIghra vilIna ho jAte haiN| saMkSepa meM dhyAna sAdhanA se AtmA karmarUpI mala evaM AvaraNa se mukta hokara apanI zuddha nirvikAra jJAtAdraSTA avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| ___ dhyAna ke ina cAra alaukika yA AdhyAtmika lAbhoM ke atirikta granthakAra ne usake aihika, manovaijJAnika lAbhoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jisakA citta dhyAna meM saMlagna hai, vaha krodhAdi kaSAyoM se utpanna honevAle IrSyA, viSAda, zoka Adi mAnasika duHkhoM se pIDita nahIM hotA hai| granthakAra ke isa kathana kA rahasya yaha hai ki jaba dhyAna meM AtmA apramatta cetA hokara jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM sthita hotA hai, to usa apramattatA kI sthiti meM na to kaSAya hI kriyAzIla hote haiM aura na unase utpanna IrSyA, dveSa, viSAda Adi bhAva hI utpanna hote haiN| dhyAnI vyakti pUrva saMskAroM ke kAraNa utpanna honevAle kaSAyoM ke vipAka ko mAtra dekhatA hai, kintu una bhAvoM meM pariNata nahIM hotA hai| ataH kASAyika bhAvoM kI pariNati nahIM hone se usake citta ke mAnasika tanAva samApta ho jAte haiN| dhyAna mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti kA anyatama sAdhana hai| dhyAnazataka (jhANajjhayaNa) ke anusAra dhyAna se na kevala Atma vizuddhi aura mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai, apitu zArIrika pIr3AyeM bhI kama ho jAtI haiN| usameM likhA hai ki jo citta dhyAna meM atizaya sthiratA prApta kara cukA hai, vaha zIta, uSNa Adi zArIrika duHkhoM se bhI vicalita nahIM hotA hai| vaha unheM nirAkulatApUrvaka sahana kara letA hai| yaha hamArA 1) dhyAna zataka (jhANanjhayaNa)93-96 2)vahI 97.100 3) vahI 101 4) vahI 102 5) dhyAnazataka (vIrasevAmaMdira) 103 6) vahI 104
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________________ vyAvahArika anubhava hai ki jaba hamArI cittavRtti kisI vizeSa dizA meM kendrita hotI hai to hama zArIrika pIDAoM ko bhUla jAte haiM; jaise eka vyApArI vyApAra meM bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko bhUla jAtA hai| ataH dhyAna meM daihika pIr3AoM kA ehasAsa bhI alpatama ho jAtA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kAyotsarga, jo dhyAna sAdhanA kI agrima sthiti hai, ke lAbhoM kI carcA karate hue Avazyaka niyukti meM likhA hai ki kAyotsarga ke nimna pAMca lAbha haiM? 1) deha jADya zuddhi - zleSma evaM carbI ke kama ho jAne se deha ko jar3atA samApta ho jAtI hai| kAyotsarga se zleSma, carbI Adi naSTa hote haiM, ataH unase utpanna honevAlI jar3atA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai| 2) mati jADya zuddhi kAyotsarga meM mana kI vRtti kendrita ho jAtI hai, usase bauddhika jar3atA kSINa hotI hai| 3) sukha-duHkha titikSA, (samatAbhAva ) 4) kAyotsarga meM sthita vyakti anuprekSAoM yA bhAvanAoM kA sthiratApUrvaka abhyAsa kara sakatA hai / 5) dhyAna, kAyotsarga meM zubha dhyAna kA abhyAsa sahaja ho jAtA hai| ina lAbhoM meM na kevala AdhyAtmika lAbhoM kI carcA hai apitu mAnasika aura zArIrika lAbhoM kI bhI carcA hai| vastutaH dhyAna sAdhanA kI vaha kalA hai jo na kevala citta ko nirarthaka bhAga-daur3a ko niyaMtrita karatI hai, apitu vAcika aura kAyika (daihika) gatividhiyoM ko bhI niyaMtrita kara vyakti ko apane Apa se jor3a detI hai| hameM ehasAsa hotA hai ki hamArA astitva caittasika aura daihika gatividhiyoM se bhI Upara hai aura hama unake na kevala sAkSI haiM, apitu niyAmaka bhI haiN| 50. * dhyAna AtmasAkSAtkAra kI kalA manuSya ke liye, jo kucha bhI zreSThatama aura kalyANakArI hai, vaha svayaM apane ko jAnanA aura apane meM jInA hai| Atma bodha se mahattvapUrNa evaM zreSThatama anya koI bodha hai hI nhiiN| Atma sAkSAtkAra yA AtmajJAna hI sAdhanA kA sAratattva hai| sAdhanA kA artha hai apane Apa ke prati jAganA / vaha ko'haM se so'haM taka kI yAtrA hai| sAdhanA kI isa yAtrA meM apane Apa ke prati jAganA sambhava hotA hai dhyAna ke dvaaraa| dhyAna meM AtmA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnatA hai| yaha apane Apa ke sammukha hotA hai| dhyAna meM jJAtA apanI hI vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM, AvegoM aura vAsanAoM ko jJeya banAkara vastutaH apanA hI darzana karatA hai| yadyapi yaha darzana tabhI saMbhava hotA hai, jaba hama inakA atikramaNa kara jAte haiM, arthAta inake prati kartAbhAva se mukta hokara sAkSI bhAva jagAte haiN| ataH dhyAna AtmA ke darzana kI kalA hai| dhyAna ho vaha vidhi hai, jisake dvArA hama sIdhe apane hI sammukha hote haiM, ise hI Atma sAkSAtkAra kahate haiN| dhyAna jIva meM 'jina' kA, AtmA se paramAtmA kA darzana karAtA hai| 1) Avazyaka niyukti 1462
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________________ dhyAna kI isa prakriyA meM AtmA ke dvArA paramAtmA (zaddhAtmA) ke darzana ke pUrva sarva prathama to hama apane 'vAsanAtmaka sva' (id) kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai - dUsare zabdoM meM hama apane hI vikAroM aura vAsanAoM ke prati jAgate haiN| jAgaraNa ke isa prathama caraNa meM hama unakI vidrUpatA kA bodha hotA hai| hameM lagatA hai ki ye hamAre vikAra bhAva haiM - vibhAva haiM, kyoMki hamameM ye 'para' ke nimitta se hote haiN| yahI vibhAva dazA kA bodha sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai| sAdhanA ke tIsare caraNa meM sAdhaka vibhAva se rahita zuddha Atma dazA kI anubhUti karatA hai - yahI paramAtma darzana hai| svabhAvadazA meM ramaNa hai| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki dhyAna isa Atma-darzana meM kaise sahAyaka hotA hai? ___ dhyAna meM zarIra ko sthira rakhakara AMkha banda karanI hotI hai| jaise hI AMkha banda hotI hai-vyakti kA sambandha bAhya jagata se TUTakara antarjagata se juDatA hai, antara kA paridRzya sAmane AtA hai, aba hamArI cetanA kA viSaya bAhya vastueM na hokara manosRjanAeM hotI hai| jaba vyakti ina manosRjanAoM (saMkalpa-vikalpoM) kA draSTA banatA hai, use eka ora inakI para-nimittatA (vibhAvarUpatA) kA bodha hotA hai tathA dUsarI o apane sAkSI svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai| AtmaanAtma kA viveka yA sva-para ke bheda kA jJAna hotA hai| kartA-bhoktA bhAva ke vikalpa kSINa hone lagate haiN| eka nirvikalpa Atma-dazA kI anubhUti hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mana kI bhAga-dauDa samApta ho jAtI hai| manosRjanAeM yA saMkalpa-vikalpa vilIna hone lagate haiN| cetanA kI sabhI vikalatAeM samApta ho jAtI haiN| mana AtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| sahaja-samAdhi prakaTa hotI hai| isa prakAra AkAMkSAoM, vAsanAoM, saMkalpa-vikalpoM evaM tanAvoM se mukta hone para eka aparimita nirapekSa Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| AtmA apane cidAnanda svarUpa meM lIna rahatA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna AtmA ko paramAtmA yA zuddhAtmA se jor3atA hai| ataH vaha AtmasAkSAtkAra yA paramAtmA ke darzana kI eka kalA hai| dhyAna mukti kA anyatama kAraNa jainadharma meM dhyAna ko mukti kA anyatama kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke jina 14 sopAnoM (guNasthAnoM) kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM antima guNasthAna ko ayogI kevalI guNa-sthAna kahA gayA hai| ayogI kevalI guNasthAna vaha avasthA hai jisameM vItarAga-AtmA apane kAyayoga, vacanayoga, manoyoga arthAta zarIra, vANI aura mana kI gatividhiyoM kA nirodha kara letA hai aura unake niruddha hone para hI vaha mukti yA nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha prakriyA sambhava hai zukladhyAna ke caturtha caraNa vyuparata kriyA nivRtti ke dvaaraa| ataH dhyAnamokSa kA anyatama kAraNa hai| jaina * paramparA meM dhyAna meM sthita hone ke pUrva jina padoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai ve nimna haiM
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________________ 52 ThANeNaM moNeNaM jhANeNaM appANaM vosirAmi arthAta "maiM zarIra se sthira hokara, vANI se mauna hokara, mana ko dhyAna meM niyojita kara zarIra ke prati mamatva kA parityAga karatA huuN|" yahAM hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki appANaM vosirAmi kA artha, AtmA kA visarjana karanA nahIM hai, apitu deha ke prati apanepana ke bhAva kA visarjana karanA hai| kyoMki visarjana yA parityAga AtmA kA nahIM, apanepana ke bhAva arthAta mamatva buddhi kA hotA hai| jaba kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM para pUrNa niyaMtraNa sthApita ho jAtA hai tabhI dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai aura jaba dhyAna siddha ho jAtA hai to AtmA ayoga dazA arthAta mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki dhyAna mokSa kA anyatama kAraNa hai| - jaina paramparA meM dhyAna Antarika tapa kA eka prakAra hai| isa Antarika tapa ko Atma-vizuddhi kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA tapa se parizuddha hotI hai| samyak jJAna se vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai| samyak darzana se tattva - zraddhA utpanna hotI hai| samyak cAritra Asrava kA nirodha karatA hai| kintu ina tInoM se bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hotI, mukti kA antima kAraNa to nirjarA hai / sampUrNa karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAnA hI mukti hai aura karmoM kI tapa se ho nirjarA hotI hai| ataH dhyAna tapa kA eka viziSTa rUpa hai, jo Atmazuddhi kA anyatama kAraNa hai| vaise yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki AtmA vyuparata kriyA nivRtti nAmaka zukla dhyAna meM ArUDha hokara hI mukti ko prApta hotA hai| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina sAdhanA vidhi meM dhyAna mukti kA anyatama kAraNa hai| dhyAna eka aisI avasthA hai jaba AtmA pUrNa rUpa se 'sva' meM sthita hotA hai aura AtmA kA 'sva' meM sthita honA hI mukti yA nirvANa kI avasthA hai| ataH dhyAna hI mukti bana jAtA hai| yoga darzana meM dhyAna ko samAdhi kA pUrva caraNa mAnA gayA hai| usameM bhI dhyAna se hI samAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| dhyAna jaba apanI pUrNatA para pahuMcatA hai to vahI samAdhi bana jAtA hai| dhyAna kI isa nirvikalpa dazA ko na kevala jaina darzana meM, apitu sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA meM aura na kevala sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA meM apitu sabhI dharmoM kI sAdhanA vidhiyoM meM mukti kA aMtima upAya mAnA gayA hai| yoga cAhe citta vRttiyoM ke nirodha rUpa meM nirvikalpa samAdhi ho yA AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA ho, vaha dhyAna hI hai| 1) AvazyakasUtra - AgArasUtra (zramaNasUtra - amaramuni) pra. saM. pU. 376 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/35
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________________ dhyAna aura samAdhi sarvArtha siddhi aura tattvArthavArtika meM samAdhi ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra koSThAgAra meM lagI huI Aga ko zAnta karanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra muni jIvana ke zIlavratoM meM lagI huI vAsanA yA AkAMkSArUpI agni kA prazamana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| yahI samAdhi hai| ghavalA meM AcArya vIrasena ne jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM samyak avasthiti ko hI samAdhi kahA hai| vastutaH cittavRtti kA udvelita honA hI asamAdhi hai aura unakI isa udvignatA kA samApta ho jAnA hI samAdhi hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba vAyu ke saMyoga se jala taraMgAyita hotA hai to usa taraMgita jala meM rahI huI tuoM kA bodha nahIM hotA, usI prakAra tanAvayukta udvigna citta meM AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA hai / citta kI isa udvignatA kA yA tanAva yukta sthiti kA samApta honA hI samAdhi hai| dhyAna bhI vastutaH citta kI vaha niSprakampa avasthA hai jisameM AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSI hotA hai| vaha citta ko samatvapUrNa sthiti hai| ataH dhyAna aura samAdhi samAnArthaka hai; phira bhI donoM meM eka sUkSma antara hai| vaha antara isa rUpa meM hai ki dhyAna samAdhi kA sAdhana hai aura samAdhi sAdhya hai| yogadarzana ke aSTAMga yoga meM samAdhi kA pUrva caraNa dhyAna mAnA gayA hai| dhyAna jaba siddha ho jAtA hai, taba vaha samAdhi bana jAtA hai| vastutaH donoM eka hI hai| * dhyAna kI pUrNatA samAdhi meM hai| yadyapi donoM meM hI cittavRtti kI niSprakaMpatA yA samatva kI sthiti Avazyaka hai| eka meM usa niSprakampatA yA samatva kA abhyAsa hotA hai aura dUsare meM vaha avasthA sahaja ho jAtI hai| dhyAna aura yoga 53 yahAM dhyAna kA yoga se kyA saMbaMdha hai? yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA mana, vANI aura zarIra kI gatizIlatA ko yoga kahA jAtA hai| usake anusAra sAmAnya rUpa se samagra sAdhanA aura vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna-sAdhanA kA prayojana yoga nirodha hI hai| vastutaH mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyAoM meM jinheM jaina paramparA meM yoga kahA gayA hai, mana kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| vAcika yoga aura kAyika-yoga, manoyoga para hI nirbhara karate haiN| jaba mana kI caMcalatA samApta hotI hai to sahaja hI zArIrika aura vAcika kriyAoM meM zaithilya A jAtA hai, kyoMki unake mUla meM vyakta yA avyakta mana hI hai| ataH mana kI sakriyatA ke nirodha se hI yoga-nirodha saMbhava hai| yogadarzana bhI jo yoga para sarvAdhika bala detA hai, yaha mAnatA hai ki cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha hI yoga hai| vastutaH jahAM citta kI caMcalatA samApta hotI hai, vahIM sAdhanA kI pUrNatA hai aura 1) tattvArtha vArtika 6 / 2418 2) ghavalA pustaka 8, pR. 88 (daMsaNa NANa caritesu sammabhavadvANaM samAhI) 3) yoga : samAdhi : dhyaanmitynrthaantrm| tattvArtha rAjavArtika 6 / 1112 4) kAyavAGmanaH karma yogaH / tattvArthasUtra 6 / 1 5) yogazcitta vRtti nirodhH| yogasUtra 12 (pataMjali) 3
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________________ 54 vahI pUrNatA dhyAna hai| citta kI caMcalatA athavA mana kI bhAga daur3a ko samApta karanA ho jaina-sAdhanA aura yoga- sAdhanA donoM kA lakSya hai| isa dRSi se dekheM to jaina darzana meM dhyAna kI jo paribhASA dI jAtI hai vahI paribhASA yoga darzana meM yoga ko dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra dhyAna aura yoga paryAyavAcI bana jAte haiN| yoga zabda kA eka artha jor3anA bhI hai| isa dRSTi se AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane ko kalA ko yoga kahA gayA hai aura isI artha se yoga ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| apane isa dUsare artha meM bhI yoga zabda dhyAna kA samAnArthaka hI siddha hotA hai, kyoMki dhyAna hI sAdhaka ko apane meM hI sthita paramAtmA (zuddhAtmA) yA mukti se jor3atA hai| vastutaH jaba cittavRttiyoM kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai citta prazAnta aura niSprakampa ho jAtA hai, to vahI dhyAna hotA hai, vahI samAdhi hotA hai aura use hI yoga kahA jAtA hai| kintu jaba kArya-kAraNa bhAva athavA sAdhyasAdhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to dhyAna sAdhana hotA hai, samAdhi sAdhya hotI hai| sAdhana se sAdhya kI upalabdhi hI yoga kahI jAtI dhyAna aura kAyotsarga jaina sAdhanA meM tapa ke vargIkaraNa meM Abhyantara tapa ke jo chaha prakAra batalAe gaye haiM, unameM dhyAna aura kAyotsarga ina donoM kA alaga-alaga ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM dhyAna aura kAyotsarga do bhinna bhinna sthitiyAM haiN| dhyAna cetanA ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karane kA abhyAsa hai to kAyotsarga zarIra ke niyantraNa kA eka abhyaas| yadyapi yahAM kAyA (zarIra) vyApaka artha meM grahIta hai| smaraNa rahe ki mana aura vAk ye zarIra ke Azrita hI haiN| zAbdika dRSTi se kAyotsarga zabda kA artha hotA hai 'kAyA' kA utsarga arthAta deh-tyaag| lekina jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka zarIra kA tyAga to saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH kAyotsarga kA matalaba hai deha ke prati mamatva kA tyAga, dUsare zabdoM meM zArIrika gatividhiyoM kA kartA na banakara draSTA bana jaanaa| vaha zarIra kI mAtra aicchika gatividhiyoM kA niyantraNa hai| zArIrika gatividhiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI hotI haiM- eka svacAlita aura dUsarI aicchik| kAyotsarga meM svangalita gatividhiyoM kA nahIM, apitu aicchika gatividhiyoM kA niyantraNa kiyA jAtA hai| . sarga karane se pUrva jo AgArasUtra kA pATha bolA jAtA hai usameM zvasana-prakriyA, chIMka, jambhAI Adi svacAlita zArIrika gatividhiyoM kA nirodha nahIM karane kA hI spaSTa ullekha hai| ataH kAyotsarga 1) 'yujapI yoge' hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa 7 2) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 3030 (jhANaM ca viThassaggo eso abhintaro tavo) 3)AvazyakasUtra-AgArasUtra
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________________ 55 aicchika zArIrika gatavidhiyoM ke nirodha kA prayatna hai| yadyapi aicchika gatividhiyoM kA kendra mAnavIya mana athavA cetanA hI hai| ataH kAyotsarga kI prakriyA dhyAna ko prakriyA ke sAtha aparihArya rUpa se jur3I huI hai| eka anya dRSTi se kAyotsarga ko deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha deha meM rahakara bhI kartAbhAva se upara uThakara draSTAbhAva meM sthita honA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki cittavRttiyoM ke vicalana meM zarIra bhI eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karatA hai| hama zarIra aura indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI bAhya viSayoM se jur3ate haiM aura unakI anubhUti karate haiN| isa anubhUti kA anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva hamArI cittavRtti para par3atA hai| jo citta vicalana kA yA rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| citta (mana) aura dhyAna jaina darzana meM mana kI cAra vyavasthAeM jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparAoM meM citta yA mana dhyAna sAdhanA ko AdhArabhUmi hai, ataH citta kI vibhinna vyavasthAoM para vyakti ke dhyAna sAdhanA ke vikAsa ko A~kA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra ne mana kI cAra avasthAe~ mAnI haiM 1) vikSipta mana, 2) yAtAyAta mana, 3) zliSTa mana aura 4) sulIna mn| 1 1) vikSipta mana yaha mana kI asthira avasthA hai, isameM citta caMcala hotA hai, idhara udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai, isake Alambana pramukhatayA bAhya viSaya hI hote haiN| isameM saMkalpa-vikalpa yA vicAroM kI bhAga- -daur3a macI rahatI hai, ataH isa avasthA meM mAnasika zAnti kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha citta pUrI taraha bahirmukhI hotA hai| - - 2) yAtAyAta mana - yAtAyAta mana kabhI bAhya viSayoM kI ora jAtA hai to kabhI apane meM sthita hone kA prayatna karatA hai| yaha yogAbhyAsa ke prArambha kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta apane pUrvAbhyAsa ke kAraNa bAharI viSayoM kI ora daur3atA rahatA hai, vaise thoDe bahuta prayatna se use sthira kara liyA jAtA hai| kucha samaya usa para sthira rahakara punaH bAhya viSayoM ke saMkalpa-vikalpa meM ulajha jAtA hai| jaba-jaba kucha sthira hotA hai taba mAnasika zAnti evaM Ananda kA anubhava karane lagatA hai| yAtAyAta citta kathaMcit antarmukhI aura kathaMcita bahirmukhI hotA hai| 3) zliSTa mana - yaha mana kI sthiratA kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta ko sthiratA kA AdhAra yA Alambana viSaya hotA hai| isameM jaise jaise sthiratA AtI hai, Ananda bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| 1) yogazAstra, 12 / 2
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________________ 56 4) sulIna mana - yaha mana kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM saMkalpa-vikalpa evaM mAnasika vRttiyoM kA laya ho jAtA hai| isako mana kI niruddhAvasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha paramAnanda ko avasthA hai, kyoMki isameM sabhI vAsanAoM kA vilaya ho jAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM citta kI cAra avasthAeM - abhidhammatthasaMgaho ke anusAra bauddha darzana meM bhI citta (mana) cAra prakAra kA hai-1. kAmAvacara, 2. rUpAvacara, 3. arUpAvacara aura 4. lokottr| 1) kAmAvacara citta - yaha citta ko vaha avasthA hai, jisameM kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM kA prAdhAnya hotA hai| isameM vitarka evaM vicAroM kI adhikatA hotI hai| mana sAMsArika bhogoM ke pIche bhaTakatA rahatA hai| 2) rUpAvacara cita - isa avasthA meM vitarka-vicAra to hote haiM, lekina ekAgratA kA prayatna bhI hotA hai| citta kA Alambana bAhya sthUla viSaya hI hote haiN| yaha yogAbhyAsI citta kI prAthamika avasthA hai| 3) arUpAvacara citta - isa avasthA meM citta kA Alambana rUpavAna bAhya padArtha nahIM hai| isa stara para citta kI vRttiyoM meM sthiratA hotI hai lekina usakI ekAgratA nirviSaya nahIM hotii| usake viSaya atyanta sUkSma jaise ananta AkAza, ananta vijJAna yA akiMcanatA hote haiN| 4) lokottara citta - isa avasthA meM vAsanA-saMskAra, rAga-dveSa evaM moha kA prahANa ho jAtA hai| citta vikalpazUnya ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti kara lene para nizcita rUpa se arhata pada evaM nirvANa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana meM citta kI pAMca avasthAe~ - yogadarzana meM cittabhUmi (mAnasika avasthA) ke pAMca prakAra haiM:- 1. kSipta, 2. mUda, 3. vikSipta, 4. ekAgra aura 5. niruddhAra 1) kSipta citta - isa avasthA meM citta rajoguNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai aura eka viSaya se dUsare viSaya para dauDatA rahatA hai| sthiratA nahIM rahatI hai| yaha avasthA yoga ke anukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM mana aura indriyoM para saMyama nahIM rhtaa| 2) mUDha citta - isa avasthA meM tama kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura isase nidrA, Alasya Adi kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| nidrAvasthA meM citta kI vRttiyoM kA kucha kAla ke 1) abhidhammatthasaMgaho, pR. 1 2) bhAratIya darzana (dattA) pR. 190
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________________ 57 lie tirobhAva ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha avasthA yogAvasthA nahIM hai| kyoMki isameM AtmA sAkSI bhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| 3) vikSipta citta - vikSiptAvasthA meM mana thor3I dera ke lie eka viSaya meM lagatA hai, para turanta hI anya viSaya kI ora daur3a jAtA hai aura pahalA viSaya chUTa jAtA hai| yaha citta kI AMzika sthiratA kI avasthA hai| 4) ekAgra citta - yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM citta dera taka eka viSaya para lagA rahatA hai| yaha kisI vastu para mAnasika kendrIkaraNa yA dhyAna kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kisI viSaya para vicAra yA dhyAna karatA rahatA hai| isalie isameM bhI sabhI cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM hotA, tathApi yaha yoga kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| 5) niruddha citta- isa avasthA meM citta kI sabhI vRttiyAM kA (dhyeya viSaya taka kA bhI) lopa ho jAtA hai aura citta apanI svAbhAvika sthira zAMta avasthA meM A jAtA hai| jaina, bauddha aura yoga darzana meM mana kI ina vibhinna avasthAoM ke nAmoM meM cAhe antara ho, lekina unake mUlabhUta dRSTikoNa meM koI antara nahIM hai, jaisA ki nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hai| jaina darzana bauddha darzana yogadarzana vikSipta kAmAvacara kSipta evaM mUr3ha yAtAyAta rUpAvacara vikSipta zliSTa arUpAvacara ekAgra sulIna lokottara jaina darzana kA vikSipta mana, bauddha darzana kA kAmAvacara citta aura yogadarzana ke kSipta aura mUr3ha citta samAnArthaka haiM, kyoMki sabhI ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM vAsanAoM evaM kAmanAoM kI bahulatA hotI hai| isI prakAra jaina darzana kA yAtAyAta mana, bauddha darzana kA rupAvacara citta aura yogadarzana kA vikSipta citta bhI samAnArthaka hai, sAmAnyatayA sabhI ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM alpakAlika sthiratA hotI hai tathA vAsanAoM ke vega meM thoDI kamI avazya ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jainadarzana kA zliSTa mana, bauddha-darzana kA arUpAvara citta aura yogadarzana kA ekAgracitta bhI samAna hI haiN| sabhI ne isako mana kI sthiratA kI avasthA kahA hai| citta kI antima avasthA jise jaina darzana meM sulInamana, bauddhadarzana meM lokottara citta aura yogadarzana meM niruddha citta kahA gayA hai bhI samAna artha ke dyotaka haiN| isameM vAsanA, saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa kA pUrNa abhAva ho jAtA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kA lakSya citta kI isa vAsanA saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa se rahita avasthA ko prApta karanA hai| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki krama se abhyAsa bar3hAte hue niruddha
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________________ 58 arthAt vikSipta se yAtAyAta citta kA, yAtAyAta se zliSTa kA aura zliSTa se sulauna citta kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| isa taraha abhyAsa karane se nirAlambana dhyAna hone lagatA hai| nirAlambana dhyAna se samatva prApta karake paramAnanda kA anubhava karanA caahie| yogI ko cAhie ki vaha bahirAtmabhAva kA tyAga karake antarAtmA ke sAtha sAmIpya sthApita kare aura paramAtmamaya banane ke lie nirantara paramAtmA kA dhyAna kre| ___isa prakAra citta-vRttiyoM yA vAsanAoM kA vilayana hI samAloccha dhyAnaparamparAoM kA pramukha lakSya rahA hai kyoMki vAsanAoM dvArA hI mana-kSobhita hotA hai, jisase cetanA ke samatva kA bhaMga hotA hai| dhyAna isI samatva yA samAdhi ko prApta karane kI sAdhanA hai| dhyAna kA sAmAnya artha - dhyAna zabda kA sAmAnya artha cetanA kA kisI eka viSaya yA bindu para kendrita honA hai| cetanA jisa viSaya para kendrita hotI hai vaha prazasta yA aprazasta donoM hI ho sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para dhyAna ke do rUpa nirdhArita hue -1) prazasta aura 2) aprshst| usameM bhI aprazasta dhyAna ke punaH do rUpa mAne gaye-1) Arta aura 2) raudrA prazasta dhyAna ke bhI do rUpa mAne gaye-1) dharma aura 2) zuklA jaba cetanA rAga yA Asakti meM DUba kara kisI vastu aura usako upalabdhi kI AzA para kendrita hotI hai to use Arta dhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| aprApta vastu ko prApti kI AkAMkSA yA prAptavastu ke viyoga kI saMbhAvanA ko cintA meM citta kA DUbanA Arta dhyAna hai| ArtadhyAna citta ke avasAda/viSAda kI avasthA hai| jaba koI upalabdha anukUla viSayoM ke viyoga kA yA aprApta anukUla viSayoM kI upalabdhi meM avarodha kA nimitta banatA hai to usa para Akroza kA jo sthAyIbhAva hotA hai, vahI raudradhyAna hai| isa prakAra Arta dhyAna rAgamUlaka hotA hai aura raudra dhyAna dveSa mUlaka hotA hai| rAga-dveSa ke nimitta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ye donoM dhyAna saMsAra ke janaka haiM, ataH aprazasta mAne gaye haiN| inake viparIta dharmadhyAna aura zukla dhyAna prazasta mAne gaye haiN| merI dRSTi meM sva-para ke liye kalyANakArI viSayoM para cittavRtti kA sthira honA dharmadhyAna hai| yaha lokamaMgala aura Atma vizuddhi kA sAdhaka hotA hai| cUMki dharmadhyAna meM bhoktAbhAva hotA hai, ataH yaha zubha Asrava kA kAraNa hotA hai| jaba AtmA yA citta kI vRttiyAM sAkSIbhAva yA jJAtA draSTA bhAva meM avasthita hotI hai, taba sAdhaka na to kartAbhAva se juDatA hai aura na bhoktAbhAva se jur3atA hai, yahI sAkSIbhAva kI avasthA hI zukla dhyAna hai| isameM citta zubha-azubha donoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| 1) yogazAstra, 12/5-6 2) tatvArthasUtra 9 / 27, 3) vahI 9131, 4) vahI 9 / 36.
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________________ 59 dhyAna zabda kI jaina paribhASAe~ sAmAnyatayA adhyavasAyoM (cittavRtti) kA sthira honA hI dhyAna kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mana kI ekAgratA ko prApta honA hI dhyAna hai| . isake viparIta jo mana caMcala hai use bhAvanA, anuprekSA athavA cintA kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna vaha sthiti hai jisameM citta vRtti kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha kisI eka viSaya para kendrita ho jAtI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki aneka arthoM kA Alambana TenevAlI cintA kA nirodha dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jaba cintana ko anyAnya viSayoM se haTA kara kisI eka hI vastu meM kendrita kara diyA jAtA hai to vaha dhyAna bana jAtA hai| yadyapi bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM eka aura cintA nirodha se utpanna ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai kintu dUsarI ora usameM rAga-dveSa aura mithyAtva se rahita hokara padArtha kI yathArthatA ko grahaNa karanevAlA jo viSayAntara ke saMcAra se rahita jJAna hotA hai, use dhyAna kahA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda paMcAstikAya meM dhyAna ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki darzana aura jJAna se paripUrNa aura anya dravya ke saMsarga se rahita cetanA kI jo avasthA hai vahI dhyAna hai| isa gAthA meM paNDita bAlacandrajI siddhAnta zAstrI ne "daMsaNaNANa samaggaM" kA artha samyak-darzana va samyak jJAna se paripUrNa kiyA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha artha ucita nahIM hai| darzana aura jJAna ko samagratA (samaggaM) kA artha hai jJAna kA bhI nirvikalpa avasthA meM honA! sAmAnyatayA jJAna vikalpAtmaka hotA hai aura darzana nirviklp| kintu jaba jJAna citta kI vikalpatA se rahita hokara darzana se abhinna ho jAtA hai, to vahIM dhyAna ho jAtA hai| isIlie anyatra kahA bhI hai ki jJAna se ho dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai|5 dhyAna zabda kI ina paribhASAoM meM hameM spaSTa rUpa se eka vikAsakrama parilakSita hotA hai| phira bhI mUla rUpa meM ye paribhASAeM eka dUsare kI virodhI nahIM haiN| citta kA vividha vikalpoM se rahita hokara eka vikalpa para sthira ho jAnA aura anta meM nirvikalpa ho jAnA hI dhyAna hai| kyoMki dhyAna kI antima avasthA meM sabhI vikalpa samApta ho jAte haiN| dhyAna kA kSetra dhyAna ke sAdhana do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM-eka bahiraMga aura dUsarA antrNg| dhyAna ke bahiraMga sAdhanoM meM dhyAna ke yogya sthAna (kSetra), Asana, kAla Adi kA vicAra kiyA 1) dhyAnastava (jinabhadra, pra. vIra sevA maMdira) 2 2) tattvArthasUtra 927 3) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TokA - dekheM dhyAna zataka prastAvanA pa. 26 4) paMcAstikAya 152 5) NANeNa jhANasiddhi
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________________ 60 jAtA hai aura antaraMga sAdhanoM meM dhyeya viSaya aura dhyAtA ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke yogya kSetra kauna se ho sakate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM ki 'jo sthAna nikRSTa svabhAvavAle logoM se sevita ho, duSTa rAjA se zAsita ho, pAkhaNDiyoM ke samUha se vyApta ho, juAriyoM, madyapiyoM aura vyabhicAriyoM se yukta ho aura jahAM kA vAtAvaraNa azAnta ho, jahAM senA kA saMcAra ho rahA ho, gIta, vAditra Adi ke svara gUMja rahe hoM, jahAM jantuoM tathA napuMsaka Adi nikRSTa prakRti ke janoM kA vicaraNa ho, vaha sthAna dhyAna ke yogya nahIM hai| isI prakAra kAMTe, patthara, kIcar3a, haDDI, rudhira Adi se dUSita tathA kaue. ullU, zRgAla, kuttoM Adi se sevita sthAna bhI dhyAna ke yogya nahIM hote| yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki pariveza kA prabhAva hamArI cittavRttiyoM para par3atA hai| dharma sthaloM evaM nIrava sAdhanA-kSetroM Adi meM jo nirAkulatA hotI hai tathA unameM jo eka viziSTa prakAra kI zAnti hotI hai, vaha dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie upayukta hotI hai| ataH dhyAna karate samaya sAdhaka ko kSetra kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| saMyamI sAdhaka ko samudra taTa, nadI taTa, athavA sarovara ke taTa, parvata zikhara athavA guphA kiMvA prAkRtika dRSTi se nIrava aura sundara pradezoM ko athavA jinAlaya Adi dharma sthAnoM ko hI dhyAna ke kSetra rUpa meM cunanA caahie| dhyAna kI dizA ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie pUrva yA uttara dizA abhimukha hokara baiThanA caahiye| dhyAna ke Asana - dhyAna ke AsanoM ko lekara bhI jaina granthoM meM paryApta rUpa se vicAra huA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se padmAsana, paryakAsana evaM khaDgAsana dhyAna ke uttama Asana mAne gaye haiN| dhyAna ke AsanoM ke saMbaMdha meM jaina AcAryoM kI mUladRSTi yaha hai ki jina AsanoM se zarIra aura mana para tanAva nahIM par3atA ho aise sukhAsana hI dhyAna ke yogya Asana mAne jA sakate haiN| jina AsanoM kA abhyAsa sAdhaka ne kara rakhA ho aura jina AsanoM meM vaha adhika samaya taka sukhapUrvaka baiTha sakatA ho tathA jinake kAraNa usakA zarIra sveda ko prApta nahIM hotA ho, ve hI Asana dhyAna ke liye zreSTha Asana haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM padmAsana aura khaDgAsana hI dhyAna ke adhika pracalita Asana rahe haiN| kintu mahAvIra ke dvArA goduhAsana meM dhyAna karake kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bhI ullekha haiN| samAdhimaraNa yA zArIrika azakti kI sthiti meM leTe leTe bhI dhyAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1) jJAnArNava 27/23-32 2) jJAnArNava 28 / 11 3) jJAnArNava 28 / 10 4) 'godohiyAe ukkuDayanilipnAe' kalpasUtra 120
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________________ dhyAna kA kAla sAmAnyatayA sabhI kAloM meM zubha bhAva saMbhava hone se dhyAna sAdhanA kA koI viziSTa kAla nahIM kahA gayA hai| kintu jahAM taka muni samAcArI kA prazna hai, uttarAdhyayana meM sAmAnya rUpa se madhyAhna aura madhyarAtri ko dhyAna ke lie upayukta samaya batAyA gayA hai|' upAsakadazAMga meM sakaDAla putra ke dvArA madhyAhna meM dhyAna karane kA nirdeza hai| kahIM kahIM prAtaHkAla aura sandhyAkAla meM bhI dhyAna karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| dhyAna kI samayAvadhi jaina AcAryoM ne isa prazna para bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai ki kisI vyakti ko citta vRtti adhikatama kitane samaya taka eka viSaya para sthira raha sakatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM unakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki kisI eka viSaya para akhaNDita rUpa se citta vRtti antarmuhUrta se adhika sthira nahIM raha sktii| antarmuhUrta se unakA tAtparya eka kSaNa se kucha adhika tathA 48 minaTa se kucha kama hai| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki dhyAna antarmuhUrta se adhika samaya taka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki itane kAla ke pazcAt dhyAna khaNDita hotA hai, kintu cittavRtti ko punaH niyojita karake dhyAna ko eka prahara yA rAtriparyaMta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna aura zarIra racanA jaina AcAryoM ne dhyAna kA saMbaMdha zarIra se bhI jor3A hai| yaha anubhUta tathya hai ki sabala, svastha aura sugaThita zarIra hI dhyAna ke lie adhika yogya hotA hai| yadi zarIra nirbala hai, sugaThita nahIM hai to zArIrika gatavidhiyoM ko adhika samaya taka niyantrita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yadi zArIrika gatividhiyAM niyaMtrita nahIM raheMgI to citta bhI niyantrita nahIM rhegaa| zarIra aura cittavRttiyoM meM eka gaharA saMbaMdha hai| zArIrika vikalatAeM citta ko vikala banA detI haiM aura caittasika vikalatAeM zarIra ko| ataH yaha mAnA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie sabala niroga aura sugaThita zarIra Avazyaka hai| tattvArthasUtra meM to dhyAna kI paribhASA dete hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki uttama saMhanana vAle kA eka viSaya meM aMtakaraNa kI vRtti kA niyojana dhyAna hai| jaina AcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki chaH prakAra kI zArIrika saMracanA meM se vajrarSabhanArAca, ardhavarSabhanArAca, nArAca aura ardhanArAca ye cAra zArIrika saMracanAeM hI (saMhanana) dhyAna ke yogya hotI hai| yadyapi hameM yahAM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zArIrika saMracanA kA sahasaMbaMdha mukhya rUpa se prazasta dhyAnoM se hI hai, aprazasta 1) uttarAdhyana sUtra 26 / 12 2) upAsakadazAMga 8 / 182 3) uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracitta nirodho dhyaanm| tttvaarthsuutr-9|26 4) tattvArtha svopajJa bhASya, umAsvAti 9 / 26
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________________ 1 62 ghyAnoM se nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki zarIra cittavRtti kI sthiratA kA mukhya kAraNa hotA hai| ataH dhyAna kI ve sthitiyAM jinakA viSaya prazasta hotA hai aura jinake lie cittavRtti kI adhika samaya taka sthiratA Avazyaka hotI hai ve kevala sabala zarIra meM hI sambhava hotI haiN| kintu aprazasta Arta, raudra Adi dhyAna to nirbala zarIravAloM ko hI adhika hote haiN| azakta yA durbala vyakti hI adhika cintita evaM cir3acir3A hotA hai| dhyAna kisakA? __dhyAna ke sandarbha meM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki dhyAna kisakA kiyA jAye? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyeya yA dhyAna kA Alambana kyA hai? sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra karane para to kisI bhI vastu yA viSaya ko dhyeya/dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sabhI vastuoM yA viSayoM meM kama-adhika rUpa meM dhyAnAkarSaNa ko kSamatA to hotI hI hai| cAhe saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya dhyAna ke Alambana hone kI pAtratA rakhate hoM, kintu una sabhI ko dhyAna kA Alambana nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI unameM se koI eka viSaya hI dhyAna kA Alambana banatA hai| ataH dhyAna ke Alambana kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai ki dhyAna kA uddezya yA prayojana kyA hai? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyAna hama kisalie karanA cAhate haiM? isakA nirdhAraNa sarvaprathama Avazyaka hotA hai| vaise to saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya citta ko kendrita karane kA sAmarthya rakhate haiM, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki binA kisI pUrva vicAra ke unheM dhyAna kA Alambana athavA dhyeya banAyA jaaye| kisI strI kA sundara zarIra dhyAnAkarSaNa yA dhyAna kA Alambana hone kI yogyatA to rakhatA hai kintu jo sAdhaka dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vikSobha yA tanAvamukta honA cAhatA hai, usake lie yaha ucita nahIM hogA ki vaha strI ke sundara zarIra ko apane dhyAna kA viSaya bnaaye| kyoMki use dhyAna kA viSaya banAne se usake mana meM usake prati rAgAtmakatA utpanna hogI, vAsanA jagegI aura pAne kI AkAMkSA yA bhoga kI AkAMkSA se citta meM vikSobha paidA hogaa| ataH kisI bhI vastu ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAne ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai ki hamAre dhyAna kA prayojana yA uddezya kyA hai? jo vyakti apanI vAsanAoM kA poSaNa cAhatA hai, vahIM strIzarIra ke saundarya ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai aura usake mAdhyama se ArtadhyAna kA bhAgIdAra banatA hai| kintu jo bhoga ke sthAna para tyAga aura vairAgya ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banAnA cAhatA hai, jo samAdhi kA icchuka hai, usake lie strI-zarIra kI bIbhatsatA aura vidrUpatA hI dhyAna kA Alambana hogii| ataH dhyAna ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI dhyeya kA nirdhAraNa karanA hotA hai| punaH dhyAna ko prazastatA aura aprazastatA bhI usake dhyeya yA Alambana para AdhArita hotI hai, ataH prazasta dhyAna ke sAdhaka aprazasta viSayoM ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana yA dhyeya nahIM banAte haiN|
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________________ 63 jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM prAthamika stara para dhyAna ke lie kisI dhyeya yA Alambana kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA Alambana hI citta kI vRttiyoM ko kendrita karanA sambhava nahIM hotA hai| ve sabhI viSaya aura vastueM jinameM vyakti kA mana rama jAtA hai, dhyAna kA Alambana banane kI yogyatA to rakhatI haiM, kintu unameM se kisI eka ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAte samaya vyakti ko yaha vicAra karanA hotA hai ki usase vaha rAga kI ora jAyegA yA virAga kI ora, usake citta meM vAsanA aura vikSobha jageMge yA samAdhi sdhegii| yadi sAdhaka kA uddezya dhyAna ke mAdhyama se citta-vikSobhoM ko dUra karake samAdhilAbha yA samatA-bhAva ko prApta karanA hai,to use prazasta viSayoM ko hI apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAnA hogaa| prazasta Alambana hI vyakti ko prazasta dhyAna kI dizA kI ora le jAtA hai| dhyAna ke Alambana ke prazasta viSayoM meM paramAtmA yA Izvara kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM vItarAga paramAtmA ko dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| cAhe dhyAna padastha ho yA piNDastha, rUpastha ho yA rUpAtIta; dhyeya to paramAtmA hI hai| kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jainadharma meM AtmA aura paramAtmA bhinna nahIM haiN| AtmA kI zuddhadazA hI paramAtmA hai| isalie jaina darzana meM dhyAtA aura dhyeya abhinna haiN| sAdhaka AtmA dhyAnasAdhanA meM apane hI zuddha svarUpa ko dhyeya banAtA hai| AtmA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA hI dhyAna karatA hai| jisa paramAtma-svarUpa ko dhyAtA dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai vaha usakA apanA hI zuddha svarUpa hai| punaH dhyAna meM jo dhyeya banatA hai vaha vastu nahIM, citta kI vRtti hotI hai| dhyAna meM citta hI dhyeya kA AkAra grahaNa karake hamAre sAmane upasthita hotA hai| ataH dhyAtA bhI citta hai aura dhyeya bhI citta hai| jise hama dhyeya kahate haiM, vaha hamArA apanA hI nija rUpa hai, hamArA apanA hI projekzana (Projection) hai| dhyAna vaha kalA hai jisameM dhyAtA apane ko hI dhyeya banAkara svayaM usakA sAkSI banatA hai| hamArI vRttiyA~ hI hamAre dhyAna kA Alambana hotI haiM aura unake mAdhyama se hama apanA hI darzana karate haiN| dhyAna ke adhikArI dhyAna ko vyApaka arthoM meM grahaNa karane para sabhI vyakti dhyAna ke adhikArI mAne jA sakate haiM, kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra Arta aura raudra dhyAna to nimnatama prANiyoM meM bhI 1) jJAnArNava - 32195, 391-8, mokkhapAhuDa 2) appA so paramappA 3) tattvAnuzAsana 74 4) mokkhapAhuDa 5
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________________ 64 pAyA jAtA hai| apane vyApaka artha meM dhyAna meM prazasta aura aprazasta donoM hI prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hotA hai ki ina aprazasta dhyAnoM kI pAtratA to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se apUrNa rUpa se vikasita sabhI prANiyoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM rahI huI hai| nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva Adi sabhI meM ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna pAye jAte haiN| kintu jaba hama dhyAna kA tAtparya kevala prazasta dhyAna arthAt dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna se lete haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki ina dhyAnoM ke adhikArI sabhI prANI nahIM haiN| umAsvAtI ne tattvArthasUtra meM kisa dhyAna kA kauna adhikArI hai isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI vizeSa carcA hamane dhyAna ke prakAroM ke prasaMga meM kI hai| sAdhAraNatayA caturtha guNasthAna arthAta samyakdarzana kI prApti ke pazcAt ho vyakti dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI banatA hai| dharmadhyAna kI pAtratA kevala samyak dRSTi jIvoM ko hI hai| Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA parityAga karake apane ko prazasta cintana se jor3ane kI sambhAvanA kevala usI vyakti meM ho sakatI hai, jisakA viveka jAgRta ho aura jo heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ke bheda ko samajhatA ho| jisa vyakti meM heya upAdeya athavA hitaahita ke bodha kA hI sAmarthya nahIM hai, vaha dharmadhyAna meM apane citta ko kendrita nahIM kara sktaa| yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki Arta aura raudra dhyAna pUrva saMskAroM ke kAraNa vyakti meM sahaja hote haiN| unake lie vyakti ko vizeSa prayatna yA sAdhanA nahIM karanI hotI, jabaki dharmadhyAna ke lie sAdhanA (abhyAsa) Avazyaka hai| isIlie dharmadhyAna kevala samyakadRSTi ko hI ho sakatA hai| dharma dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke lie vyakti meM jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha vairAgya/ virati bhI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai aura isalie kucha logoM kA yaha mAnanA bhI hai ki dharmadhyAna pAMcaveM guNasthAna arthAta dezavratI ko hI saMbhava hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki jahA~ Arta aura raudra dhyAna ke svAmI samyakadRSTi evaM midhyAdRSTi donoM prakAra ke jIva ho sakate haiM, vahA~ dharmadhyAna kA prazna adhikArI rUpa se samyakadRSTi zrAvaka aura vizeSarUpa se dezavirata zrAvaka yA muni hI ho sakatA hai| jahAM taka zukladhyAna kA prazna hai vaha sAtaveM guNasthAna ke apramatta jIvoM se lekara 14 ve ayogI kevalI guNasthAna taka ke sabhI vyaktiyoM meM sambhava hai| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara - digambara ke matabhedoM ko carcA dhyAna ke prakAroM ke prasaMga meM Age kI hai| isa prakAra dhyAnasAdhanA ke adhikArI vyakti bhinna-bhinna dhyAnoM kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna kahe gaye haiN| jo vyakti AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jitanA vikasita hotA hai, vaha dhyAna ke kSetra meM utanA hI Age bar3ha sakatA hai| ataH vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa usakI dhyAnasAdhanA se jur3A huA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura dhyAnasAdhanA meM vikAsa 1) dekheM - tattvArthasUtra 9 / 31-41
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________________ 65 kA krama anyonyAzrita haiN| jaise-jaise vyakti prazasta dhyAnoM kI dizA meM agrasara hotA hai usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai aura jaise-jaise usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai, vaha prazasta dhyAnoM kI aura agrasara hotA hai| dhyAna kA sAyaka gRhastha yA zramaNa? dhyAna kI kSamatA tyAgI aura bhogI donoM meM samAna rUpa se hotI hai, kintu aksara bhogI jisa viSaya para apanA dhyAna kendrita karatA hai vaha viSaya anta meM usake mana ko pramathita karake udvelita hI banAtA hai| ataH usake dhyAna meM yadyapi kucha kAla taka citta to sthira rahatA hai, kintu usakA phala cittavRttiyoM kI sthiratA na hokara asthiratA hI hotI hai| jisa dhyAna ke anta meM citta udvelita hotA ho vaha dhyAna sAdhanAtmaka dhyAna kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki paravartI jaina dArzanikoM ne apane granthoM meM ArtadhyAna aura . raudra dhyAna ko dhyAna ke rUpa meM parigaNita hI nahIM kiyA, kyoMki ve antatogatvA citta kI udvignatA ke hI kAraNa banate haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki digambara paramparA ne yaha mAna liyA ki gRhastha kA jIvana vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura udvignatAoM se paripUrNa hai ataH ve dhyAna sAdhanA karane meM asamartha haiN| jJAnArNava meM isa mata kA pratipAdana huA hai ki gRhastha dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM hai|' isa saMbaMdha meM usakA kathana hai ki gRhastha pramAda ko jItane meM samartha nahIM hotA, isalie vaha apane caMcala mana ko vaza meM nahIM rakha paataa| phalataH vaha dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| jJAnArNava kAra kA kathana hai ki gRhastha kA mana saiMkar3oM jhaMjhaToM se vyathita tathA duSTa tRSNA rUpa pizAca se pIr3ita rahatA hai isalie usameM rahakara vyakti dhyAna Adi kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA hai| jaba pralayakAlIna tIkSNa vAyu ke dvArA sthira svabhAvavAle bar3e-bar3e parvata bhI sthAna praSTa kara diye jAte haiM to phira strI-putra Adi ke bIca rahanevAle gRhastha ko jo svabhAva se hI caMcala haiM kyoM nahIM bhraSTa kiyA jA sakatA haiN| isa carcA ko Age bar3hAte hue jJAnArNavakAra to yahAM taka kahatA hai ki kadAcita AkAza kusuma aura gadhe ke sIMga (ga) saMbhava bhI hoM, lekina gRhastha jIvana meM kisI bhI deza aura kAla meM dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hotaa| isake sAtha hI jJAnArNavakAra mithyA dRSTiyoM, asthira abhiprAya vAloM tathA kapaTapUrNa jIvana jIne vAloM meM bhI dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA gRhastha jIvana meM dhyAna saMbhava hI nahIM hai| 1) jJAnArNava 4 / 10-15 2) vahI - 4116 3) vahI- 4117 4) vhii4|18-11
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________________ 66 yaha sahI hai ki gRhastha jIvana meM aneka dvandva hote haiM aura gRhastha Arta aura raudra dhyAna se adhikAMza samaya taka jur3A rahatA hai| kintu ekAnta rUpa se gRhastha meM dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| anyathA gRhastha liMga kI avadhAraNA khaNDita ho jaayegii| ataHgRhastha meM bhI dharma dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| yaha satya hai ki jo vyakti gRhastha jIvana ke prapaMcoM meM ulajhA huA hai, usake lie dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu gRhastha jIvana aura gRhI veza meM rahanevAle sabhI vyakti Asakta hI hote haiM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aneka samyakdRSTi gRhastha aise hote haiM jo jala meM kamalavat gRhastha jIvana meM alipta bhAva se rahate haiN| aise vyaktiyoM ke lie dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| svayaM jJAnArNavakAra yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki jo sAdhu mAtra veza meM anurAga rakhatA huA apane ko mahAna samajhatA hai aura dUsaroM ko hIna samajhatA hai vaha sAdhu bhI dhyAna ke yogya nahIM hai| ataH vyakti meM munivezadhAraNa karane se dhyAna kI pAtratA nahIM AtI hai| prazna yaha nahIM ki dhyAna gRhastha ko saMbhava hogA yA sAdhu ko? vastutaH nirlipta jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti cAhe vaha sAdhu ho yA gRhastha, usake lie dharmadhyAna saMbhava ho sakatA hai| dUsarI ora Asakta, daMbhI aura sAkAMkSa vyakti, cAhe vaha muni hI kyoM na ho, usake lie dharmadhyAna asaMbhava hotA hai| dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA sAdhu aura gRhastha hone para nirbhara nahIM krtii| usakI saMbhAvanA kA AdhAra hI vyakti ke citta kI nirAkulatA yA anAsakti hai| jo citta anAsakta aura nirAkula hai, phira vaha citta gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA, isase koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| dhyAna ke adhikArI banane ke lie Avazyaka yaha hai ki vyakti kA mAnasa nirAkAMkSa, anAkula aura anudvigna rhe| yaha anubhUta satya hai ki koI-koI vyakti gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI nirAkAMkSa, anAkula aura anudvigna banA rahatA hai| dUsarI ora kucha sAdhu, sAdhu hokara bhI sadaiva Asakta, Akula aura udvigna rahate haiN| ataH dhyAna kA saMbaMdha gRhI jIvana yA muni jIvana se na hokara citta kI vizuddhi se hai| citta jitanA vizuddha hogA dhyAna utanA hI sthira hogaa| punaH jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAyeM gRhastha meM bhI 14 guNasthAna sambhava mAnatI haiM, unake anusAra to AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke agrima zreNiyoM kA ArohaNa karatA huA gRhastha bhI na kevala dharma dhyAna kA apitu zukla dhyAna kA bhI adhikArI hotA dhyAna ke prakAra - sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna kA artha cittavRtti kA kisI eka viSaya para kendrita honA hI mAnA hai| ataH jaba unhoMne dhyAna ke prakAroM kI carcA kI to usameM prazasta aura 1) jJAnArNava - 4 / 33
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________________ aprazasta donoM hI prakAra ke dhyAnoM ko grahIta kara liyaa| unhoMne Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ye dhyAna ke cAra prakAra maane| dhyAna ke ina cAra prakAroM meM prathama do ko arthAta saMsAra kA hetu aura antima do ko prazasta arthAta mokSa kA hetu kahA gayA hai| isakA AdhAra yaha mAnA gayA hai ki Arta aura raudra dhyAna rAga-dveSa janita hone se bandhana ke kAraNa hai| isalie ve aprazasta haiN| jabaki dharmadhyAna aura zukla dhyAna kaSAya bhAva se rahita hone se mukti ke kAraNa haiM, isalie ve prazasta haiN| dhyAnazataka kI TIkA meM tathA amitagati ke zrAvakAcAra meM ina cAra dhyAnoM ko kramazaH tiryacagati, narakagati, devagati aura mukti kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| yadyapi prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM dhyAna kA yaha caturvidha vargIkaraNa hI mAnya rahA hai| kintu jaba dhyAna kA sambandha mukti kI sAdhanA se jor3A gayA to Arta aura raudra dhyAna ko bandhana kA kAraNa hone se dhyAna kI koTi meM hI parigaNita nahIM kiyA gyaa| ataH digambara paramparA kI dhavalA TIkAra meM tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM dhyAna ke do hI prakAra mAne gae-dharma aura zuklA dhyAna meM bheda-prabhedoM ko carcA se spaSTa rUpa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usameM kramazaH vikAsa hotA gayA hai| prAcIna AgamoM yathA-sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatIsUtra meM tathA jhANajjhayaNa (dhyAnazataka) aura tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ke cAra vibhAgoM kI carcA karake kramazaH unake cAra-cAra vibhAga kiye gae haiM kintu unameM kahIM bhI dhyAna ke piMDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ina cAra prakAra kI carcA nahIM hai| jabaki paravartI sAhitya meM inakI vistRta carcA milatI hai| sarvaprathama inakA ullekha yogIndu ke yogasAra aura devasena ke bhAvasaMgraha meM milatA hai|5 muni padyasiMha ne jJAnasAra meM arhanta ke sandarbha meM dharma dhyAna ke antargata piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha kI carcA kI hai kintu unhoMne rUpAtIta kA koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| isa vivecanA meM eka samasyA yaha bhI hai ki piNDastha ora rUpastha meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM AcArya nemicandra ke dravya saMgraha meM dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kI carcA ke pazcAt dharma dhyAna ke antargata padoM ke jApa aura paMca parameSTI ke svarUpa kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isake TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jo dhyAna mantra vAkyoM ke Azrita hotA hai vaha padastha hai, jisa dhyAna meM svaAtmA kA cintana hotA hai vaha piMDastha hai, jisameM cetanA svarUpa yA vidrUpatA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha rUpastha hai 1) tattvArthasUtra 929 4) yogazAstra 4 / 115 2) vahI 9 / 30, ghyAna zataka 5 5) yogasAra, 98 3) dhavalA pustaka 13 pR.70. 6) jJAnasAra 18-28 5) dravyasaMgraha (nemIcandra) 48-54 TIkA brahmadeva gAthA 48 kI TIkA
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________________ 68 tathA niraMjana va nirAkAra kA dhyAna hI rUpAtIta hai| amitagatira ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM dhyeya yA dhyAna ke Alambana kI carcA karate hue piNDastha Adi ina cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM ko vistAra se lagabhaga 27 zlokoM meM carcA kI hai| yahAM piNDastha se pahale padastha dhyAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai aura usakI vistRta carcA bhI kI gaI hai| zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM padastha Adi dhyAna ke ina prakAroM kI pUre vistAra ke sAtha lagabhaga 27 zlokoM meM carcA kI hai| paravartI AcAryoM meM vasunandi, hemacandra, bhAskaranandi Adi ne bhI inakI vistAra se carcA kI hai| punaH pArthivI, Agneyo, mAruti, vAruNI aura tattvabhUaisI piNDastha dhyAna kI jo pAMca dhAraNAeM kahI gaI haiM unakA bhI prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usakI prAcIna TIkAoM meM lagabhaga 6ThI 7 vIM zatI taka inakA abhAva hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki dhyAna ke prakAroM, upaprakAroM, lakSaNoM, AlambanoM Adi kI jo carcA jaina paramparA meM huI hai, vaha kramazaH vikasita hotI rahI hai aura una para anya paramparAoM kA prabhAva bhI hai| prAcIna Agamika sAhitya meM sthAnAMga meM dhyAna ke prakAroM, lakSaNoM, AlambanoM aura anuprekSAoM kA jo vivaraNa milatA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : 1) ArtadhyAna- ArtadhyAna hatAzA kI sthiti hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra isa dhyAna ke cAra upaprakAra haiN| apriya vastu ke prApta hone para usake viyoga kI satata cintA karanA yaha prathama prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai| duHkha ke Ane para use dUra karane kI cintA karanA yaha Arta dhyAna kA dUsarA rUpa hai| priya vastu kA viyoga ho jAne para usakI punaH prApti ke lie cintana karanA tIsare prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai aura jo vastu prApta nahIM hai usakI prApti ke lie icchA karanA cauthe prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai| tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra yaha ArtadhyAna, avirata, dezavirata aura pramatta saMyata meM hotA hai| isake sAtha hI mithyA dRSTiyoM meM bhI isa dhyAna kA sadbhAva hotA hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se mithyA dRSTi, avirata samyakdRSTi tathA dezavirata samyakdRSTi meM ArtadhyAna ke uparokta cAroM hI prakAra pAye jAte haiM, kintu pramatta saMyata meM nidAna ko chor3akara arthAt aprApta kI prApti kI AkAMkSA ko chor3akara anya tIna hI vikalpa hote haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isake nimna cAra lakSaNoM kA ullekha huA hai|5 1) krandanatA - ucca svara se ronaa| 2) zocanatA - dInatA prakaTa karate hue zoka krnaa| 1) padastha maMtravAkyastha - vahI gAthA 48 kI TIkA 2) zrAvakAcAra (amitagati) pariccheda 15 3) zAnArNava (zubhacandra) sarga 32-40 4)sthAnAMgasUtra 4 / 60-72 5) sthAnAMgasUtra 4 / 62
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________________ - 69 3) tepanatA - AMsU bhaanaa| 4) paridevanatA - karuNA-janaka vilApa krnaa| raudra dhyAna raudradhyAna AvegAtmaka avasthA hai| raudradhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| 1) hiMsAnubaMdhI - nirantara hiMsaka pravRtti meM tanmayatA karAnevAlI citta kI ekaagrtaa| 2) maSAnubaMdhI - asatya bhASaNa karane sambandhI citta kI ekaagrtaa| 3) stenAnubandhI . nirantara corI karane karAne kI pravRtti sambandhI citta kI ..ekaagrtaa| 4) saMrakSaNAnubandhI - parigraha ke arjana aura saMrakSaNa sambandhI tnmytaa| kucha AcAryoM ne viSayasaMrakSaNa kA artha balAt aindrika bhogoM kA saMkalpa kiyA hai, jaba ki kucha AcAryoM ne aindrika viSayoM ke saMrakSaNa meM upasthita krUratA ke bhAva ko hI viSayasaMrakSaNa kahA hai| sthAnAMga meM isake bhI nimna cAra lakSaNoM kA nirdeza hai| 1) utsannadoSa - hiMsAdi kisI eka pApa meM nirantara pravRtti krnaa| 2) bahudoSa - hiMsAdi sabhI pApoM ke karane meM saMlagna rhnaa| 3) ajJAnadoSa - kusaMskAroM ke kAraNa hiMsAdi adhArmika kAryoM ko dharma maannaa| 4) AmaraNAnta doSa - maraNakAla taka bhI hiMsAdi krUra karmoM ko karane kA anutApa na honaa| dharmadhyAna jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanA kI dRSTi se kevala dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko hI dhyAna kI koTi meM rakhA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM meM inake bheda aura lakSaNoM kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha inake AlambanoM aura anuprekSAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra Adi meM dharmadhyAna ke nimna cAra bheda batAye gaye haiN| 1) AjJAvicaya - vItarAga sarvajJa - prabhu ke Adeza aura upadeza ke sambandha meM AgamoM ke anusAra cintana krnaa| 2) apAyavicaya - doSoM aura unake kAraNoM kA cintana kara unase chuTakArA kaise ho, isa sambandha meM vicAra krnaa| dUsare zabdoM meM heya kyA hai? isakA cintana krnaa| 1) sthAnAMga sUtra 4 / 63 2) vahI 4 / 64 3) vhii4|65
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________________ 70 3) vipAka vicaya - pUrvakarmoM ke vipAka ke pariNAmasvarUpa udaya meM AnevAlI sukhaduHkhAtmaka vibhinna anubhUtiyoM kA samabhAvapUrvaka vedana karate hue unake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa krnaa| dUsare kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra heya ke pariNAmoM kA cintana karanA hI vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna kenimna udAharaNa se bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai - mAna lIjie koI vyakti hameM apazabda kahatA hai aura una apazabdoM ko sunane se pUrvasaMskAroM ke nimitta se krodha kA bhAva udita hotA hai| usa samaya utpanna hote hue krodha ko sAkSI bhAva se dekhanA aura krodha kI pratikriyA vyakta na karanA tathA yaha vicAra karanA ki krodha kA pariNAma duHkhada hotA hai athavA yaha socanA ki mere nimitta se isako koI pIr3A huI hogI, ataH yaha mujhe apazabda kaha rahA hai, yaha vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| saMkSepa meM karmavipAkoM ke udaya para unake prati sAkSI bhAva rakhanA, pratikriyA ke duHkhada pariNAma kA cintana karanA evaM pratikriyA na karanA hI vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| 4) saMsthAna vicaya - loka ke svarUpa ke cintana ko sAmAnyarUpa se saMsthAna vicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jAtA hai| kintu loka evaM saMsthAna kA artha AgamoM meM zarIra bhI hai| ataH zArIrika gatividhiyoM para apanI cittavRttiyoM ko kendrita karane ko bhI saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| apane isa artha meM saMsthAna vicaya dharmadhyAna zarIra-vipazyanA yA zarIra-prekSA ke nikaTa hai| AgamoM meM dharmadhyAna ke nimma cAra lakSaNa kahe gaye haiN| 1) AjJAruci - jina AjJA ke sambandha meM vicAra-vimarza karanA tathA usake prati niSThAvAna rhnaa| 2) nisargaruci - dharmakAryoM meM svAbhAvika rUpa ruci honaa| 3) sUtraruci - Agama zAstroM ke adhyayana adhyApana meM ruci honaa| 4) avagAr3haruci - Agamika viSayoM ke gahana cintana aura manana meM ruci honaa| dUsare zabdoM meM Agamika viSayoM kA ruci gambhIratA se avagAhana krnaa| sthAnAMga meM dharmadhyAna ke AlambanoM kI carcA karate hue, usameM cAra Alambana batAye gaye haiN| . 1) vAcanA-arthAta AgamasAhitya kA adhyayana karanA, 2) pratipRcchanA-adhyayana karate samaya utpanna zaMkA ke nivAraNArtha jijJAsAvRtti se usa sambandha meM gurujanoM se puuchnaa| 3) parivartanA - adhIta sUtroM kA punarAvartana karanA 4) anuprekSA - AgamoM ke artha kA cintana krnaa| kucha AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM anuprekSA kA artha saMsAra kI anityatA Adi kA cintana karanA bhI hai| 1) sthAnAMga 4 / 66 2) vahI 4 / 67
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________________ sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAeM kahIM gaI hai|1) ekasthAnaprekSA, 2) anityAnuprekSA, 3) azaraNAnuprekSA aura 4) sNsaaraanprekssaa| ye anuprekSAeM jaina paraMparA meM pracalita 12 anuprekSAoM ke hI antargata hai| jinabhadra ke dhyAnazataka tathA umAsvAtI ke tattvArthasatra meM dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke sambandha meM carcA upalabdha hotI hai| jinabhadra ke anusAra jisa vyakti meM nimna cAra bAteM hotI haiM vahIM dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| 1. samyakjJAna (jJAna), 2. dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi (darzana), 3. samyak AcaraNa (cAritra) aura 4. vairaagybhaav| hemacandragne yogazAstra meM inheM hI kucha zabdAntara ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| ve dharmadhyAna ke lie 1. AgamajJAna, 2. anAsakti, 3. AtmasaMyama aura 4. mumukSubhAva ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke sambandha meM tattvArtha kA dRSTikoNa thoDA bhinna hai| tattvArtha ke zvetAmbara pATha ke anusAra dharmadhyAna apramattasaMyata, upazAMtakaSAya aura kSINakaSAya meM hI sambhava hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se yadi hama kaheM to sAtaveM, gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM meM hI dharmadhyAna saMbhava hai| yadi ise niraMtaratA meM grahaNa kareM to apramatta saMyata se lekara kSINakaSAya taka arthAta sAtaveM guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke digambara mAnya mUlapATha meM dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI pIvivecanA karanevAlA sUtra hai hI nhiiN| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM meM pUjyapAda aklaMka aura vidyAnandi sabhI ne dharmadhyAna ke svAmI kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu unakA maMtavya zvetAmbara paramparA se bhinna hai| unake anusAra cauthe guNasthAna se lekara sAtaveM guNasthAna taka hI dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna se zreNI prAraMbha hone ke kAraNa dharmadhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke prazna para jaina AcArya meM matabheda rahe haiN| zukla dhyAna - yaha dharma-dhyAna ke bAda kI sthiti hai| zukladhyAna ke dvArA mana ko zAnta aura niSprakampa kiyA jAtA hai| isakI antima pariNati mana kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha hai| zukla dhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai- 1. pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra-isa dhyAna meM dhyAtA kabhI dravya kA cintana karate karate paryAya kA cintana karatA hai aura kabhI paryAya kA cintana karate karate dravya kA cintana karane lagatA hai| isa dhyAna meM kabhI dravya para to kabhI paryAya para manoyoga kA saMkramaNa hote rahane para bhI dhyeya dravya eka hI rahatA hai| 2. ekatva-vitarka 1) sthAnAMga 4 / 68 2)dhyAna zataka 63 3) yogazAstra 7 / 2-6 4) sthAnAMga 4069
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________________ 72 avicArI-yoga saMkramaNa se rahita eka paryAya viSayaka dhyAna ekatva vitarka avicAra dhyAna kahalAtA hai| 3. sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI-mana, vacana aura zarIra vyApAra kA nirodha ho jAne evaM kevala zvAsocchvAsa kI sUkSma kriyA ke zeSa rahane para dhyAna kI yaha avasthA prApta hotI hai| 4. samucchinna-kriyA-nivRtti-jaba mana, vacana aura zarIra kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai aura koI bhI sUkSma kriyA zeSa nahIM rahatI usa avasthA ko samucchinna kriyA nivRtti zukladhyAna kahate haiN| isa prakAra zukladhyAna kI prathama avasthA se kramazaH Age bar3hate hue antima avasthA meM sAdhaka kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika sabhI pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha kara anta meM siddhAvasthA prApta kara letA hai, jo ki dharmasAdhanA aura yogasAdhanA kA antima lakSya hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM zukladhyAna ke nimma cAra lakSaNa kahe gaye haiM 1) avyatha-parISaha, upasarga Adi kI vyathA se pIr3ita hone para bhI kSobhita nahIM honaa| 2) asammoha - kisI bhI prakAra se mohita nahIM honaa| 3) viveka * sva aura para athavA Atma aura anAtma ke bheda ko smjhnaa| bhedavijJAna kA jJAtA honaa| 4) vyutsarga - zarIra, upadhi Adi ke prati mamatva bhAva kA pUrNa tyaag| dUsare zabdoM meM pUrNa nirmamatva se yukta honaa| ima cAra lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha batA sakate haiM ki kisI vyakti meM zukladhyAna saMbhava hogA yA nhiiN| sthAnAMga meM zukladhyAna ke cAra AlambanaM batAye gaye haiN|- 1. zAnti (kSamAbhAva), 2. mukti (nilobhatA, 3. Arjava (saralatA) aura 4. mArdava (mRdutaa)| vastutaH zukladhyAna ke ye cAra Alambana cAra kaSAyoM ke tyAgarUpa hI haiN| zAnti meM krodha kA tyAga hai aura mukti meM lobha kA tyAga hai| Arjava mAyA (kapaTa) ke tyAga kA sUcaka hai ,to mArdava manana kaSAya ke tyAga kA sUcaka hai| isI grantha meM zukladhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAoM kA ullekha bhI huA hai, kintu ye cAra anuprekSAeM sAmAnyarUpa se pracalita 12 anuprekSAoM se kvacita rUpa meM bhinna hI pratIta hotI hai| sthAnAMga meM zukladhyAna kI nimna cAra anuprekSAeM ullekhita haiN|. 1) anantavRttitAnuprekSA - saMsAra meM paribhramaNa ko anantatA kA vicAra krnaa| 2) vipariNAmAnuprekSA - vastuoM ke vividha pariNamanoM kA vicAra krnaa| 1) sthAnAMga 470 2) vahI 4171 3) vahI 4 / 72
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________________ 3) azubhAnuprekSA saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM kI azubhatA kA vicAra karanA / 4) apAyAnuprekSA rAga dveSa se honevAle doSoM kA vicAra karanA / - - zukladhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ke sambandha meM bauddhoM kA dRSTikoNa bhI jaina paramparA ke nikaTa hI AtA hai| bauddha paramparA meM cAra prakAra ke dhyAna mAne gaye haiN| 73 1) savitarka - savicAra - vivekajanya prItisukhAtmaka prathama dhyaan| 2) vitarka vicAra - rahita samAdhija prItisukhAtmaka dvitIya dhyAna / 3) prIti aura virAga se upekSaka ho smRti aura samprajanya se yukta upekSA smRti sukhavihArI tRtIya dhyaan| . - 4) sukha-duHkha evaM saumanasya- daurmanasya se rahita asukha - aduHkhAtmaka upekSA. evaM parizuddhi se yukta caturtha dhyAna / isa prakAra cAroM zukla dhyAna bauddha paramparA meM bhI thor3e zAbdika antara ke sAtha upasthita hai| yoga paramparA meM bhI samApatti ke cAra prakAra batalAye haiM, jo ki jaina paramparA ke zukladhyAna ke cAroM prakAroM ke samAna hI lagate haiN| samApatti ke ve cAra prakAra nimnAnusAra hai - savitarkA, 2. nirvitarkA, 3. savicArA aura 4. nirvicArA | zukladhyAna ke svAmI ke sambandha meM tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbara mUlapATha aura digambara mUlapATha meM to antara nahIM hai kiMtu 'ca' zabda se kyA artha grahaNa karanA ise lekara matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra upazAnta kaSAya evaM kSINakaSAya pUrvadharoM meM cAra zukladhyAnoM meM prathama do zukladhyAna sambhava hai| bAda ke do kevalI (sayogI kevalI aura ayogI kevalI) meM sambhava haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra . AThaveM guNasthAna se codahaveM guNasthAna taka zukladhyAna sambhava hai| pUrva ke do zukladhyAna sambhava AThaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI pUrvadharoM ke hote haiM aura zeSa do terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI kevalI ke / 1 jainadharma meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA itihAsa jaina dharma meM dhyAna sAdhanA kI paramparA prAcInakAla se hI upalabdha hotI hai| sarvaprathama hameM AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ke dhyAna sAdhanA saMbaMdhI aneka sandarbha upalabdha haiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra mahAvIra apane sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM adhikAMza samaya dhyAna sAdhanA meM hI lIna rahate the| AcArAMga se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra na kevala 1) tattvArtha sUtra 9339-40, 2) AcArAMga 1 / 9 / 126, 1 / 9 / 2 / 4 1 9 2 12
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________________ 74 cittavRttiyoM ke sthirIkaraNa kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| apitu unhoMne dRSTi ke sthirIkaraNa kA bhI abhyAsa kiyA thaa| isa sAdhanA meM ve apalaka hokara dIvAra Adi para kisI eka bindu para dhyAna kendrita karate the| isa sAdhanA meM unakI AMkheM lAla ho jAtI thiiN| aura bAhara kI ora nikala AtI thIM jinheM dekhakara dUsare loga bhayabhIta bhI hote the|" AcArAMga ke ye ullekha isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki mahAvIra ne dhyAna sAdhanA ko bAhya aura Abhyantara aneka vidhiyoM kA prayoga kiyA thaa| ve apramatta (jAgrata) hokara samAdhipUrvaka dhyAna karate the| aise bhI ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ki mahAvIra ke ziSya praziSyoM meM bhI yaha dhyAna sAdhanA kI pravRtti nirantara banI rhii| uttarAdhyayana meM munijIvana kI dinacaryA kA vivecana karate hue spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki muni dina aura rAtri ke dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna sAdhanA kreN| mahAvIra kAlIna sAdhakoM ko dhyAna kI koSThopagata vizeSatA AgamoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki usa yuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA muni jIvana kA eka Avazka aMga thii| bhadrabAhu dvArA nepAla meM jAkara mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA karane kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| isI prakAra durbalikApuSyamitra kI dhyAna sAdhanA kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNa meM hai yadyapi AgamoM meM dhyAna saMbaMdhI nirdeza to haiM, kintu mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI dhyAna prakriyA kA vistRta vivaraNa unameM upalabdha nhiiN| mahAvIra ke yuga meM zramaNa paramparA meM aise aneka zramaNa the, jinakI apanI apanI dhyAna sAdhanA ko viziSTa paddhatiyAM thiiN| inameM buddha aura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kintu unase jyeSTha rAmaputta kA hama prArambha meM hI ullekha kara cuke haiN| AcArAMga meM sAdhakoM ke sambandha meM vipassI aura pAsa jaise vizeSaNa milate hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA meM bhI jJAta dRSTA bhAva meM cetanA ko sthira rakhane ke lie vipazyanA jaisI koI dhyAna sAdhanA kI paddhatI rahI hogii| yadyapi vistRta vivaraNoM ke abhAva meM Aja usa paddhati kI sampUrNa prakriyA kI carcA to nahIM kara sakate, paraMtu AcArAMga jaise prAcIna Agama meM ina zabdoM kI upasthiti isa tathya kI sUcaka avazya hai ki usa yuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA kI jaina paramparA ko apanI koI viziSTa paddhati thii| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki sAdhakoM kI prakRti ke anurUpa dhyAna sAdhanA ko ekAdhika paddhatiyAM bhI pracalita rahI ho, kintu AgamoM ke racanAkAla taka ve vilupta hone lagI thiiN| jisa rAmaputta kA nirdeza bhagavAna buddha ke dhyAna ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM milatA hai unakA ullekha jaina paraMparA ke prAcIna AgamoM meM jaise sUtrakRtAMga, aMtakRtdazA, aupapAtika dazA, RSibhASita Adi meM honA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki nirgratha paramparA rAmaputta kI dhyAna sAdhanA ko paddhati se prabhAvita thii| bauddha paramparA kI vipazyanA aura nirgratha paramparA kI AcArAMga kI dhyAna 1) AcArAMga 1/1/1/5, 2) uttarAdhyayana 26118, 3) Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga 2 pR. 187, 4) vahI, bhAga 1 pR. 410 5) AcArAMga 11215/125 (AcArya tulasI ), 6) vahI 1 / 2 / 3 / 73, 1/2/6/185 7) dekheM - Prakrut Proper Names Vol ll Page 626
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________________ 75 sAdhanA meM jo kucha nikaTatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha yaha sUcita karatI hai ki sambhavataH donoM kA mUla srota rAmaputta kI dhyAna-paddhati rahI hogii| isa saMbaMdha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| SaTAvazyakoM meM kAyotsarga ko bhI eka Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kAyotsarga dhyAna sAdhanA pUrvaka hI hotA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| pratikramaNa meM aneka bAra kAyotsarga (dhyAna) kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna kAla meM bhI yaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se jIvita hai| Aja bhI dhyAna kI isa paramparA meM tatsaMbaMdhI doSoM ke cintana ke atirikta namaskAra maMtra, caturviMzatistava ke mAdhyama se paMcaparameSTI athavA tIrthaMkaroM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| mAtra huA yaha hai ki dhyAna kI isa samagra kriyA meM, jo sajagatA apekSita thI, vaha samApta ho gaI hai aura ye saba dhyAna saMbaMdhI prakriyAeM rUDhi mAtra banakara raha gaI haiN| yadyapi ina prakriyAoM kI upasthiti se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dhyAna kI ina prakriyAoM meM cetanA ko satata rUpa se jAgrata yA jJAtA dRSTA bhAva meM sthira rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA rahA hai| Agama yuga taka jaina dharma meM dhyAna kA uddezya mukhya rUpa se Atmazuddhi yA caritrazuddhi hI thA athavA yoM kaheM ki vaha citta ko samabhAva meM sthira rakhane kA prayAsa thA / madhyayuga meM jaba bhArata meM taMtra aura haThayoga saMbaMdhI sAdhanAeM pramukha banIM to dhyAna kI prakriyA meM parivartana aayaa| Ayamika kAla meM dhyAna sAdhanA meM zarIra, indriya, mana aura citta vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga hokara cetanA ko dRSTA bhAva yA sAkSIbhAva meM sthira kiyA jAtA thA, jisase zarIra aura mana ke udvega aura AkulatAeM zAnta ho jAtI thiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha caittasika samatva arthAt sAmAyika kI sAdhanA thI, jisakA kucha rUpa Aja bhI vipazyanA meM upalabdha hai| kintu jaise-jaise bhAratIya samAja meM taMtra aura haThayoga kA prabhAva bar3hA vaise-vaise jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM bhI parivartana aayaa| jaina dhyAna paddhati meM padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha Adi dhyAna kI vidhiyA~ aura pArthiva, AgneyI, vAyavI aura vAruNI jaisI dhAraNAeM sammilita huiiN| bIjAkSaroM aura maMtroM kA dhyAna karane kI paramparA vikasita huI aura SaTcakroM ke bhedana kA prayAsa bhI huA / yadi hama jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kI prakriyA kA itihAsa dekhate haiM to yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki usa para anya bhAratIya dhyAna evaM yoga kI paramparAoM kA prabhAva AyA hai, jo haribhadra ke pUrva se hI prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| haribhadra ne unako dhyAna vidhi ko lekara bhI usameM apanI paramparA ke anurUpa bahuta kucha parivartana kiye the| madhyayuga kI jaina dhyAna sAdhanA vidhi usa yuga kI yoga-sAdhanA vidhi se paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita huI thii| madhyayuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA prayojana bhI bdlaa| jahAM prAcIna kAla meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA prayojana mAtra Atma-1 - vizuddhi yA caittasika samatva thA, vahAM madhya yuga meM usake sAtha vibhinna RddhiyoM
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________________ 76 aura labdhiyoM kI carcA bhI jur3I aura yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki dhyAna sAdhanA se vidhi alaukika zaktiyAM prApta kI jA sakatI haiN| dhyAna kI prabhAvazIlatA ko banAe rakhane ke lie yaha Avazyaka to thA, kintu isake anya pariNAma bhI sAmane aaye| jaba aneka sAdhaka ina haThayogI sAdhanAoM ke mAdhyama se Rddhi yA labdhi prApta karane meM asamartha rahe to unhoMne yaha mAna liyA ki vartamAna yuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kI siddhi kevala uttama saMhanana ke dhAraka muniyoM athavA pUrvadharoM ko hI saMbhava thii| aise bhI aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcamakAla meM uccakoTi kA dharmadhyAna yA zukladhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| madhyayuga meM dhyAna prakriyA meM kaise-kaise parivartana hue, yaha bAta prAcIna AgamoM aura tattvArtha ke ullekhoM kI tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM, digambara jaina purANoM, zrAvakAcAroM evaM haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra Adi ke graMthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| madhyakAla meM dhyAna kI niSedhaka aura samarthaka donoM dhArAeM sAtha-sAtha cliiN| kucha AcAryoM ne kahA ki paMcamakAla meM cAhe zukladhyAna kI sAdhanA saMbhava na ho, kintu dharma-dhyAna kI sAdhanA to saMbhava hai| mAtra yaha hI nahIM madhyayuga meM dharma dhyAna ke svarUpa meM kAphI kucha parivartana kiyA gayA aura usameM anya paramparAoM ko aneka dhAraNAeM sammilita ho gyiiN| isa yuga meM dhyAna saMbaMdhI svataMtra sAhitya kA bhI paryApta vikAsa huaa| jhANajjhayaNa (dhyAnazataka) se lekara jJAnArNava, dhyAnastava Adi aneka svataMtra graMtha bhI dhyAna para likhe gye| madhyayuga haThayoga aura dhyAna ke samanvaya kA yuga kahA jA sakatA hai| isa kAla meM jaina dhyAna paddhati yoga paramparA se, vizeSa rUpa se haThayoga kI paramparA se paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita aura samanvita huii| Adhunika yuga taka yahI sthiti calatI rhii| Adhunika yuga meM jaina dhyAna sAdhanA ko paddhati meM punaH eka krAntikArI parivartana AyA hai| isa krAnti kA mUlabhUta kAraNa to zrI satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA ke dvArA bauddhoM kI prAcIna vipazyanA sAdhanA paddhati ko barmA se lekara bhArata meM punasthApita karanA thaa| bhagavAn buddha kI dhyAna sAdhanA kI vipazyanA paddhati kI jo eka jIvita paramparA kisI prakAra se varmA meM bacI rahI thI, vaha satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA ke mAdhyama se punaH bhArata meM apane jIvaMta rUpa meM lauttii| usa dhyAna kI jIvaMta paramparA ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dhyAna sAdhanA ko paddhati kyA rahI hogI isakA AbhAsa huaa| jaina samAja kA yaha bhI sadbhAgya hai ki kucha jaina muni evaM sAdhviyAM unakI vipazyanA sAdhanA-paddhati se judd'e| saMyoga se muni zrI nathamalajI (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) jaise prAjJa sAdhaka vipazyanA sAdhanA se jur3e aura unhoMne vipazyanA dhyAna paddhati aura haThayoga kI prAcIna dhyAna paddhati ko Adhunika manovijJAna evaM zarIra-vijJAna ke AdhAroM para parakhA aura unheM jaina sAdhanA paramparA se ApUrita karake prekSAdhyAna kI jaina dhArA ko punarjIvita
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________________ 77 kiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki Aja prekSAdhyAna prakriyA jaina dhyAna kI eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke rUpa meM apanA astitva banA cukI hai| usakI vaijJAnikatA aura upayogitA para bhI koI praznacinha nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usake vikAsa meM satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA dvArA bhArata lAyI gayI vipazyanA dhyAna kI sAdhanA paddhati ke yogadAna ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Aja prekSAdhyAna paddhati nizcita rUpa se vipazyanA kI RNI hai| isake goyanakAjI kA RNa svIkAra kie binA hama apanI prAmANikatA ko siddha nahIM kara skeNge| / sAtha hI isa navIna paddhati ke vikAsa meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJajI kA jo mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai, use bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne vipazyanA se bahuta kucha lekara bhI use prAcIna haThayoga kI SaTcakra bhedana Adi kI avadhAraNA se tathA Adhunika manovijJAna aura zarIra vijJAna se jisa prakAra samanvita aura paripuSTa kiyA hai, vaha unakI apanI pratibhA kA camatkAra hai| isa Alekha meM vistAra se na to vipazyanA ke sandarbha meM aura na prekSAdhyAna ke sandarbha meM kucha kaha pAnA saMbhava hai, kintu yaha satya hai ki dhyAna sAdhanA ko ina paddhatiyoM ko apanA kara jaina sAdhaka na kevala jaina dhyAna paddhati ke prAcIna svarUpa kA kucha AsvAda kareMge, apitu tanAvoM se paripUrNa jIvana meM AdhyAtmika zAnti aura samatA kA AsvAda bhI le skeNge| samyak jIvana meM jIne ke lie Aja vipazyanA aura prekSAdhyAna paddhatiyoM kA abhyAsa aura adhyayana Avazyaka hai| hama yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ke isalie bhI RNI hai ki unhoMne na kevala prekSAdhyAna paddhati kA vikAsa kiyA hai, apitu usake abhyAsa kendroM ko sthApanA bhI kii| sAtha ho jIvana vijJAna graMthamAlA ke mAdhyama se prekSAdhyAna se saMbaMdhi lagabhaga 48 laghupustikAeM likhakara jaina dhyAna sAhitya ko mahatvapUrNa avadAna bhI diyA hai| yaha bhI prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki vipazyanA aura prekSA ko dhyAna paddhatiyoM se preraNA pAkara AcArya nAnAlAlajI ne samIkSaNa dhyAna vidhi ko prastuta kiyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka-do prAraMbhika pustikAeM bhI nikalI haiM, kintu prekSAdhyAna vidhi kI tulanA meM unameM na to pratipAdya viSaya ko spaSTatA hai aura na vaijJAnika prastutikaraNa hii| krodha samIkSaNa Adi eka-do pustakeM aura bhI prakAza meM AyI haiM kintu isa paddhati ko vaijJAnika aura prAyogika banAne ke lie abhI unheM bahuta kucha karanA zeSa rahatA hai| vartamAna yuga aura dhyAna vartamAna yuga meM jahAM eka ora yoga aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI sAdhanAoM ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora yoga aura dhyAna ke adhyayana aura zodha meM bhI vidvAnoM kI ruci huI hai| Aja bhArata kI apekSA bhI pAzcAtya dezoM meM yoga aura dhyAna ke prati vizeSa
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________________ 78 AkarSaNa dekhA jAtA hai| kyoMki ve bhautika AkAMkSAoM ke kAraNa jIvana meM jo tanAva A gaye haiM, usase mukti cAhate haiN| Aja bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ko apane-apane DhaMga se pazcima ke logoM kI ruci ke anukUla banAkara videzoM meM niryAta kiyA jA rahA hai| yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM zArIrika vikRtiyoM aura mAnasika tanAvoM ko samApta karane kI jo zakti rahI huI hai usake kAraNa bhogavAdI aura mAnasika tanAvoM se saMtrasta pazcimI dezoM ke loga caittasika zAnti kA anubhava karate haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA yoga aura dhyAna ke prati AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai| ina sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA abhyAsa karAne ke lie bhArata se paripakva evaM aparipakva donoM hI prakAra ke guru videzoM kI yAtrA kara rahe haiN| yadyapi aparipakva, bhogAkAMkSI tathAkathita guruoM ke dvArA dhyAna aura yoga sAdhanA kA pazcima meM pahuMcanA bhAratIya dhyAna aura yoga paramparA ko mUlyavattA evaM pratiSThA donoM hI dRSTi se khatare se khAlI nahIM hai| Aja pazcima meM bhAvAtIta dhyAna, sAdhanA bhakti vedAnta, rAmakRSNa mizana Adi ke kAraNa bhAratIya dhyAna evaM yoga sAdhanA ke prati lokapriyatA bar3hI, vahI rajanIza Adi ke kAraNa use eka jhaTakA bhI lagA hai| Aja zrI cittamunijI, AcArya suzIlakumArajI, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla Adi ne jaina dhyAna aura sAdhanAvidhi se pAzcAtya dezoM meM base hue jainoM ko paricita karAyA hai| terApaMtha kI kucha jaina samaNiyoM ne bhI videzoM meM jAkara prekSAdhyAna vidhi se unheM paricita karAyA hai| yadyapi inameM kauna kahAM taka saphala huA hai yaha eka alaga prazna hai| kyoMki sabhI ke apane apane dAve haiN| phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki Aja pUrva aura pazcima donoM meM hI dhyAna aura yoga sAdhanA ke prati ruci jAgRta huI hai| ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki yoga aura dhyAna kI jaina vidhi suyogya sAdhakoM aura anubhavI logoM ke mAdhyama se hI pUrva-pazcima meM vikasita ho, anyathA jisa prakAra madhyayuga meM haThayoga aura taMtrasAdhanA se prabhAvita hokara bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna paramparA vikRta huI thI usI prakAra Aja bhI usake vikRta hone kA khatarA banA rahegA aura logoM kI usase AsthA uTha jaavegii| dhyAna evaM yoga saMbaMdhI zodha kArya isa yuga meM gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se yoga aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI sAhitya ko lekara paryApta zodhakArya huA hai| jahAM bhAratIya yoga sAdhanA aura pataJjali ke yogasUtra para paryApta kArya hue haiM, vahIM jainayoga kI ora bhI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai| dhyAnazataka, dhyAnastava, jJAnArNava Adi dhyAna aura yoga saMbaMdhI graMthoM ko samAlocanAtmaka bhUmikA aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzana isa dizA meM mahatvapUrNa prayatla kahA jA sakatA hai| punaH haribhadra ke yoga saMbaMdhI graMthoM kA svataMtra rUpa se tathA catuSTaya ke rUpa meM prakAzana isa kar3I kA eka agalA caraNa hai| paM. sukhalAlajI kA 'samadarzI haribhadra', ahaMtadAsa baMDabodha
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________________ 79 dige kA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna se prakAzita 'jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana', maMgalA sAMDa kA bhAratIya yoga Adi gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa prakAzana kahe jA sakate haiN| aMgrejI bhASA meM viliyama jemsa kA 'jaina yoga', TATiyA kI 'sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI', padmanAbha jainI kA 'jaina pAtha Apha pyUriphikezana' Adi bhI isa kSetra kI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiN| jaina dhyAna aura yoga ko lekara likhI gaI munizrI nathamalajI (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) kI 'jaina yoga' 'cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa', 'kisane kahA mana caMcala hai', 'AbhAmaNDala' Adi tathA AcArya tulasI kI prekSA-anuprekSA Adi kRtiyAM isa dRSTi se atyaMta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| unameM pAzcAtya manovijJAna aura zarIra-vijJAna kA tathA bhAratIya haThayoga Adi kI paddhatiyoM kA eka suvyavasthita samanvaya huA hai| unhoMne haThayoga kI SaTcakra kI avadhAraNA ko bhI apane DhaMga se samanvita kiyA hai| unakI ye kRtiyAM jaina yoga aura dhyAna sAdhanA ke lie mIla ke patthara ke samAna hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM dhyAna aura yoga ke adhyayana evaM tatsaMbaMdhI graMthoM ke prakAzana kA jo krama cala rahA hai usI zrRMkhalA kI eka kar3I sAdhvIzrI priyadarzanAjI kA yaha graMtha - "jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAna yoga" hai| sAdhvIzrIjI ne isa graMtha meM atyaMta parizrama pUrvaka na kevala jaina dhyAnayoga kI paramparA kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai apitu eka dRSTi se saMpUrNa jaina dharma aura sAdhanA paddhati ko hI prastuta kara diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha graMtha AkAra meM bahuta bar3A ho gayA hai| unake isa adhyayana kI vyApakatA aura sarvAMgINatA sarAhanIya hai, phira bhI isake bRhad AkAra meM AnuSaMgika viSayoM ke vistRta vivaraNa ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM pratipAdya viSaya gauNa hotA sA pratIta hotA hai|