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________________ jaina sAdhanA ke manovaijJAnika AdhAra sAdhanA kA lakSya sAdhya kI upalabdhi yA siddhi hai| yaha hameM cetanA ke tIna pakSa aura jaina darzana bAtAtI hai ki hameM kyA honA hai, kintu hameM kyA honA hai, yaha bahuta manovaijJAnikoM ne cetanA kA vizleSaNa kara usake tIna pakSa mAne kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kyA haiM? hamArI kSamatAe~ haiM- jJAna, anubhUti aura sNklp| cetanA ko apane ina tIna pakSoM evaM sambhAvanAyeM kyA haiM? aisA sAdhya yA Adarza, jise upalabdha karane se bhinna kahIM dekhA nahIM jA sakatA hai| cetanA ina tIna prakriyAoM kI kSamatAe~ hamame na hoM, jisako prApta karanA hamAre liye sambhava nahIM ke rUpa meM hI abhivyakta hotI hai| cetana jIvana jJAna, anubhUti aura ho, eka chalanA hI hogaa| jaina darzana ne isa manovaijJAnika tathya ko saMkalpa kI kSamatAoM ke vikAsa ke rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai| jaina adhika gambhIratA se samajhA hai aura apanI sAdhanA-paddhati ko Thosa vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM cetanA ke ye tInoM pakSa naitika Adarza evaM naitika manovaijJAnika nIMva para khar3A kiyA hai| sAdhanA-mArga se nikaTa rUpa se sambandhita haiN| jaina darzana meM cetanA ke ina tIna pakSoM ke AdhAra para hI naitika Adarza kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hamArA nija svarUpa gayA hai| jaina dharma kA Adarza mokSa hai aura mokSa anantacatuSTaya arthAt ___ jaina darzana meM mAnava prakRti evaM prANIya prakRti kA gahana ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti kI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki AtmA upalabdhi hai| vastuta: mokSa cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM kI pUrNatA kA kyA hai? AtmA kA sAdhya yA Adarza kyA hai? taba mahAvIra ne isa dyotaka hai| jIvana ke jJAnAtmaka pakSa kI pUrNatA ananta jJAna evaM darzana prazna kA jo uttara diyA thA vaha Aja bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se satya meM, jIvana ke bhAvAtmaka yA anubhUtyAtmaka pakSa kI pUrNatA ananta saukhya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA- 'AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura samatva hI meM aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa kI pUrNatA ananta zakti meM mAnI gaI hai| AtmA kA sAdhya hai|' vastuta: jahA~-jahA~ bhI jIvana hai, cetanA hai, jaina sAdhanA-patha bhI cetanA ke inhIM tIna tatvoM-jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa vahA~-vahA~ samatva saMsthApana ke anavarata prayAsa cala rahe haiN| parivezajanya ke sAtha samyak vizeSaNa kA prayoga karake nirmita kiyA gayA hai| jJAna viSamatAoM ko dUra kara samatva ke lie prayAsazIla bane rahanA jIvana se samyagjJAna, bhAva se samyagdarzana aura saMkalpa se samyagcAritra kA yA cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika stara para samatva nirmANa huA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanA-patha kA saMsthApana hI jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM ina tInoM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra huA hai| jIvana gatizIla santulana hai| spensara ke anusAra pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke santulana ko bhaMga karate rahate haiM aura jIvana apanI jIvana kA sAdhyaH samatva kA saMsthApana kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA puna: isa santulana ko banAne kA prayAsa karatA hamAre naitika AcaraNa kA lakSya kyA hai? yaha prazna manovijJAna hai| yaha santulana banAne kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai| vikAsavAdiyoM aura naitika darzana donoM kI hI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina darzana meM ne ise hI astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahA hai, kintu merI apanI dRSTi ise mokSa kahakara abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai, kintu yadi hama jaina darzana meM ise astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahane kI apekSA samatva ke saMsthApana ke anusAra mokSa kA vizleSaNa kareM to mokSa vItarAgatA kI avasthA kA prayAsa kahanA hI adhika ucita hai| samatva ke saMsthApana evaM samAyojana hai aura vItarAgatA cetanA ke pUrNa samatva kI avasthA hai| isa prakAra kI prakriyA hI jIvana kA mahatvapUrNa lakSaNa hai| samAyojana aura saMtulana jaina darzana meM samatva ko hI naitika jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| ke prayAsoM kI upasthiti hI jIvana hai aura usakA abhAva mRtyu hai| yaha bAta manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI utaratI hai| saMgharSa nahIM, apitu mRtyu aura kucha nahIM, mAtra zArIrika stara para santulana banAne kI isa samatva hI jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha hI hamArA prakriyA kA asaphala hokara TUTa jAnA hai| adhyAtmazAstra ke anusAra _svabhAva hai aura jo sva-svabhAva hai vahI Adarza hai| svabhAva se bhinna jIvana na to janma hai aura na mRtyu| eka usakA kisI zarIra meM prArambha Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| spensara, DArvina evaM ArsA prabhRti bindu hai to dUsarA usake abhAva kI udghoSaNA karane vAlA tthy| kucha pAzcAtya vicAraka saMgharSa ko hI jIvana kA svabhAva mAnate haiM, lekina jIvana ina donoM se Upara hai, janma aura mRtyu to eka zarIra meM usake yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vastu kA Agamana aura cale jAne kI sUcanAe~ bhara haiM, vaha inase aprabhAvita svabhAva vaha hotA hai jisakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| jaina darzana hai| saccA jIvana to AtmacetanatA hai, apramattadazA hai, samabhAva meM ke anusAra nitya aura nirApavAda vastu dharma hI svabhAva hai| yadi hama avasthiti hai| jaina darzana meM ise hI sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa kahA isa kasauTI para kaseM, to saMgharSa jIvana kA svabhAva siddha nahIM hotA gayA hai| hai| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSya-svabhAva saMgharSa hai, mAnavIya
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________________ jaina sAdhanA ke manovaijJAnika AdhAra 369 itihAsa varga-saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai| hai, kyoMki vaha anubhava karatI hai ki usakI kSamatAyeM sAnta evaM sImita kintu yaha eka methyA dhAraNA hai| yadi saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama haiN| sImA yA apUrNatA ko jAnane ke lie asIma evaM pUrNa kA bodha hai to phira dvandAtmaka bhautikavAda saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa kyoM karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jaba hamArI cetanA yaha jJAna rakhatI hai ki vaha sAnta, cAhatA hai? saI miTAne ke lie hotA hai; jo miTAne kI, sImita evaM apUrNa hai, to usakA sImita hone kA yaha jJAna hI svayaM nirAkaraNa karane kI vastu hai, kyA use svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai? use isa sImA ke pare le jAtA hai| isa prakAra beDale sva meM nihita saMgharSa yadi mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya hai to vaha usake doSoM kA, pUrNatA kI cAha kA saMketa karate haiN|' AtmA pUrNa hai arthAt ananta usake vibhAva kA itihAsa hai, usake svabhAva kA itihAsa nhiiN| catuSTaya se yukta hai, yaha bAta jaina darzana ke eka vidyArthI ke lie mAnava-svabhAva sagharSa nahIM, saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa yA samatva kI avasthA nahIM hai| vastuta: jaina darzana ke anusAra pUrNatA hamArI kSamatA hai, yogyatA hai, kyoki yugoM se mAnavIya prayAsa usI ke lie ho rahe haiN| saccA nhiiN| pUrNatA ke prakAza meM hameM apanI apUrNatA kA bodha hotA hai| mAnava itihAsa saMgharSa kI kahAnI nahIM, saMgharSoM ke nirAkaraNa kI yaha apUrNatA kA bodha pUrNatA kI cAha kA saMketa avazya hai, lekina kahAnI hai| pUrNatA kI upalabdhi nhiiN| yaha AtmapUrNatA hI hamArA sAdhya hai| jaina saMgharSa athavA samatva se vicalana jIvana meM pAye jAte haiM, darzana kI dRSTi se hamArA jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa kI zaktiyoM kA lekina ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA unake ananta jJAna, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti ke rUpa meM vikasita samApta karane kI dizA meM hI prayAsazIla hai| samatva kI upalabdhi ho jAnA hI AtmapUrNatA hai| AtmazaktiyoM kA anAvaraNa evaM unakI hI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jIvana kA sAdhya hai| samatva zubha aura viSamatA pUrNa abhivyakti meM hI AtmapUrNatA hai aura yahI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya azubha hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa, vitarka Adi sabhI jIvana kI hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana kA AtmapUrNatA kA naitika sAdhya bhI mAnavIya viSamatA, asantulana evaM tanAva kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karate haiM, cetanA ke manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa para hI AdhArita hai| ata: jaina darzana meM inheM azubha mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta vAsanAzUnya, vitarkazUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta, vItarAga avasthA hI naitika zubha hai, sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanA kA pArasparika sambandha vahI jIvana kA Adarza hai, kyoMki vaha samatva kI sthiti hai| jaina jaina AcAra darzana meM sAdhya aura sAdhaka meM abheda mAnA gayA darzana ke anusAra samatva eka AdhyAtmika santulana hai| rAga aura dveSa hai| samayasAra TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandrasUri likhate haiM ki paradravya kI vRttiyA~ hamAre cetana samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiN| ata: unase Upara kA parihAra aura zuddha Atmatattva kI upalabdhi hI siddhi hai|' AcArya uThakara vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI sacce samatva hemacandra sAdhya aura sAdhaka meM abheda batAte hue likhate haiM ki kaSAyoM kI avasthA hai| vastuta: samatva kI upalabdhi jaina darzana aura aura indriyoM se parAjita AtmA hI saMsAra hai aura unako vijita karane Adhunika manovijJAna donoM kI dRSTi se mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya mAnI vAlI AtmA hI prabuddha puruSoM dvArA mokSa kahI jAtI hai| adhyAtmatattvAloka jA sakatI hai| meM muni nyAyavijayajI kahate haiM ki AtmA hI saMsAra hai aura AtmA hI mokSa hai| jahA~ taka AtmA kaSAya aura indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hai, naitika sAdhanA kA lakSya AtmapUrNatA ke rUpa meM saMsAra hai aura jaba unako hI apane vazIbhUta kara letA hai, mokSa kahA jaina darzana ke anusAra mokSa AtmapUrNatA kI avasthA bhI hai aura jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana kA naitika sAdhya pUrNa samatva ke lie AtmapUrNatA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki apUrNatA aura sAdhaka donoM hI AtmA hai| donoM meM maulika antara yahI hai ki yA abhAva bhI eka mAnasika tanAva hai| hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana meM AtmA jaba taka viSaya aura kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hotA hai taba taka hamAre sampUrNa prayAsa, hamArI cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura bandhana meM hotA hai aura jaba una para vijaya lAbha kara letA hai taba saMkalpAtmaka zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke nimitta hote haiN| hamArI cetanA vahI mukta bana jAtA hai| AtmA kI vAsanAoM ke mala se yukta avasthA sadaiva hI isa dizA meM prayatnazIla hotI hai ki vaha apane ina tInoM hI usakA bandhana kahI jAtI hai aura vizuddha Atma-tattva kI avasthA pakSoM kI deza-kAlagata sImAoM kA atikramaNa kara ske| vyakti apanI hI mukti kahI jAtI hai| Asakti ko bandhana aura anAsakti ko mukti jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka kSamatA kI pUrNatA cAhatA hai| mAnanA eka manovaijJAnika satya hai| yaha eka manovaijJAnika satya hai ki manuSya apanI sImitatA aura apUrNatA jaina darzana meM sAdhya aura sAdhaka donoM meM antara isa bAta ko se chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai| vastuta: mAnava mana kI isa svAbhAvika lekara hai ki AtmA kI vibhAva avasthA hI sAdhaka avasthA hai aura icchA kI pUrti hI jaina darzana meM mokSa ke pratyaya ke rUpa meM abhivyakta AtmA kI svabhAva avasthA hI siddhAvasthA hai| jaina sAdhanA kA lakSya huI hai| sImitatA aura apUrNatA, jIvana kI vaha pyAsa hai jo pUrNatA athavA Adarza koI bAhya tattva nahIM, vaha to sAdhaka kA apanA hI ke jala se parizAnta honA cAhatI hai| hamArI cetanA meM jo apUrNatA nija rUpa hai| usakI hI apanI pUrNatA kI avasthA hai| sAdhaka kA kA bodha hai vaha svayaM hI hamAre antasa meM nihita pUrNatA kI cAha kA Adarza usake bAhara nahIM varan usake andara hI hai| sAdhaka ko use saMketa bhI hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale kA kathana hai ki cetanA ananta pAnA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki pAyA to vaha jAtA hai, jo vyakti meM apane Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 370 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 meM nahIM ho athavA apane se bAhya ho| naitika sAdhya bAhya upalabdhi dazA sAdhya hai aura AtmA kI vibhAva paryAya kI avasthA hI sAdhaka nahIM, Antarika upalabdhi hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to vaha nija guNoM hai tathA vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora AnA hI sAdhanA hai| kA pUrNa prakaTana hai| yahA~ bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AtmA sAdhanA-patha aura sAdhya-jisa prakAra sAdhaka aura sAdhya meM ke nija guNa yA sva lakSaNa to sadaiva hI usameM upasthita haiM, sAdhaka abheda mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra sAdhanA-mArga aura sAdhya meM bhI abheda ko kevala unheM prakaTita karanA hai| hamArI kSamatAe~ sAdhaka avasthA hai| jIvAtmA apane jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa ke rUpa meM sAdhaka aura siddha avasthA meM vahI haiN| sAdhaka aura siddha avasthA meM antara kahe jAte haiM, usake yahI jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa samyak-dizA kSamatAoM kA nahIM, varan kSamatAoM ko yogyatAoM meM badala dene kA meM niyojita hone para sAdhanA-patha bana jAte haiM, ve jaba apanI pUrNatA hai| jaise bIja vRkSa ke rUpa meM vikasita hotA hai vaise hI muktAvasthA ko prakaTa kara lete haiM to siddha bana jAte haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra meM AtmA ke nija guNa pUrNa rUpa meM prakaTita ho jAte haiN| sAdhaka AtmA samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra aura samyagtapa ananta jJAna, ananta ke jJAna, bhAva (anubhUti) aura saMkalpa ke tattva hI mokSa kI avasthA darzana, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti rUpI ananta catuSTaya kI meM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti ke upalabdhi kara lete haiM to yahI avasthA siddha bana jAtI hai| AtmA rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAte haiN| vaha AtmA jo kaSAya aura rAga-dveSa se kA jJAnAtmaka pakSa samyagjJAna kI sAdhanA ke dvArA ananta jJAna ko praka yukta hai aura inase yukta hone ke kAraNa baddha, sImita aura apUrNa hai, kara letA hai, AtmA kA anubhUtyAtmaka pakSa samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA vahI AtmA apane ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda aura ke dvArA ananta darzana kI upalabdhi kara letA hai, AtmA kA saMkalpAtmaka ananta zakti ke rUpa meM mukta evaM pUrNa bana jAtA hai| upAdhyAya amaramunijI pakSa samyagcAritra kI sAdhanA ke dvArA ananta Ananda kI upalabdhi kara ke zabdoM meM- "jaina sAdhanA meM sva meM sva ko upalabdha karanA hai, letA hai aura AtmA kI kriyAzakti samyagatapa kI sAdhanA ke dvArA ananta nija meM nija kA zodha karanA hai, ananta meM pUrNa rUpeNa ramaNa honA zakti ko upalabdha kara letA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jo sAdhaka hai-AtmA ke bAhara eka kaNa meM bhI sAdhanA kI unmukhatA nahIM hai|" cetanA kA svarUpa hai vahI samyak bana kara sAdhanA-patha bana jAtA hai isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina vicAraNA meM tAttvika dRSTi se sAdhya aura usI kI pUrNatA sAdhya hotI hai| sAdhanA-patha aura sAdhya dona aura sAdhaka donoM eka hI haiM, yadyapi paryAyArthika dRSTi yA vyavahAranaya AtmA kI hI avasthAyeM haiN| AtmA kI samyak sAdhanA patha hai aura se unameM bheda mAnA gayA hai| AtmA kI svabhAva paryAya yA svabhAva pUrNa avasthA sAdhya hai| 2. . sandarbha : 1. jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi, DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan, prakA0rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI, 1967, pR0 259 / First Principles, Herbert spencer, pub. watts & co. London, VIIth Ed. p. 66. Five Types of Ethical Theories, p. 16. 4. Ethical Studies, F.H. Bradlay, Oxford Universtiy Press London,, 1935, Chapter II. 5. samayasAra TIkA, amRtacandra, prakA0- ahiMsA prakAzana mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI, 1959, 305 / 6. yogazAstra, sampA0 muni samadarzI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 1963, 4/5 / adhyAtmatattvAloka, muni nyAyavijaya, prakA0 zrI hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA (pATaNa), 1943, 4/7 /