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________________ darzana-digdarzana jaina nAstika nahIM hai| - devendra kumAra jaina eDavokeTa 'jainoM ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne koI nayA dharma nahI claayaa| unhone jo kucha batAyA vaha sadA se hai, sanAtana hai| unhone dharma kI sthApanA nahI kI balki dharma me khoI AsthA ko phira se kAyama kiyaa| mahAvIra kI taraha bhagavAna RSabhadeva bhI jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM the / RSabhadeva ko dharma-saMsthApaka mAna lene se jainoM kI kAla-saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA gar3abar3A jAtI hai| kALacakra kI avadhAraNA ke kAraNa jaina apane Apako sanAtanI mAnate hai| isa samajha ke anusAra tIthaMkaroM kI anaMta cobIsiyAM isa bharata kSetra meM ho cukI hai aura ve bhaviSya meM bhI hotI rheNgii| RSabhadeva isa avasarpiNI kAla ke pahale tIrthakara hai| aura mahAvIra aMtima, kintu RSabhadeva se pUrva bhI anaMta tIrthakara ho cuke haiM ora mahAvIra ke bAda bhI utsarpiNI kAla me tIrthakara hote rhege| tIrthakaroM kI yaha paraMparA anAdi aura anaMta hai| jaina paraMparA meM triSaviTa zalAkA puruSoM kA varNana miLatA hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI nAmaka sudIrgha kALakhaMDa meM 63 zaLAkA puruSa utpanna hote haiM jo samaya-samaya para logo ko dharma kI preraNA dete haiN| kAlacakra ke parivartana meM Ane vAle utAra car3hAva ko jaina paribhASA meM avasarpiNI aura utsapiMNI nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| utsarpiNI kAla me prANiyoM ke bala, Ayu aura zarIrAdi kA pramANa kramazaH bar3hatA jAtA hai| ina kAlo meM hone vAle 24 tIrthakara 120 cakravartI, 6 pratinArAyaNa aura 6 balabhadra milakara traisaTha zalAkA puruSa kahalAte hai| __ jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra maujUdA kAla avasarpiNI kAla kA paMcama kAlakhaNDa hai| isa kAla meM zalAkA-puruSoM kI utpatti nahIM hotii| pahale, dUsare aura tIsare kAla-khaMDa meM bhI mahApuruSa nahI hote kyoMki ina kAloM meM bhogoM kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / 2010_03
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________________ / sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha pahale, dUsare aura tIsare kAla meM kramazaH uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya bhoga bhUmi kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| inameM AdhyAtmika unnati ke avasara nahIM rhte| cauthe kAla meM karmabhUmi kA AraMbha hotA hai aura isI karmabhUmi se mokSamArga kA pravartana hotA hai| traisaTha zalAkA puruSoM kI utpatti cauthe kAla meM hI hotI hai| ina zalAkA puruSoM me 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA nAma sarvopari hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva sabase pahale tIrthakara the| ve ayodhyA ke izvAkuvaMzI rAjA nAbhirAya ke putra the| pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda ve rAjagaddI para baitthe| bhoga-bhUmi kI samApti ho jAne se inhone apanI prajA ko asi, masi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa-ina Sar3akarmo se AjIvikA karanA sikhaayaa| logoM ko karma kI ora pravRtta karane ke kAraNa unheM prajApati, brahamA, vidhAtA, Adi puruSa Adi nAmo se bhI pukArA gayA hai| __ jainoM ke aMtima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra hai| bihAra prAMta ke kuMDalapura nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke ghara unakA janma huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM vRkSoM para laTakane, paMcAgni tApane aura lohe ke kAMToM para sone jaisI tAmasI tapasyAoM kA pracalana kAphI bar3ha gayA thaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne ina tAmasI tapasyAoM ke sthAna para dhyAna, dhAraNA, samAdhi, upavAsa-anazana jaisI sAtvika tapazcaryA kA avalaMbana kiyA / unhone isa sAtvika tapazcaryA kI mI maryAdA nizcita kI thii| samAdhi meM vighna DAlanevAlI amaryAdita tapazcaryA unheM maMjUra nahIM thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA anusaraNa karate hue maryAdita tapasyA ke dvArA mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapasyA kA rahasya saMyama meM hai| unhone prANi-mAtra se maitrI-bhAva rakhane, apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama se kama banAe rakhane aura mAtra usI pravRtti ko svIkAra karane para jora diyA jo jIvita rahane ke lie anivArya ho| isa anivArya pravRtti meM bhI ve kisI prakAra ke pramAda kI guMjAiza nahIM chodd'te| unakA nivRtti mArga yahI hai ki apane zArIrika vyavahAra ko itanA ghaTA diyA jAe ki dUsaroM ko bilakula kaSTa na ho| Ama taura para jaina-dharma kA veda, brAhmaNa aura varNAzrama virodhI dharma ke rUpa me citrita kiyA jAtA hai| tIrthakara hone ke bAda bhagavAna ne jo pahale ziSya banAe ve saba 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana brAhmaNa hI the| usa jamAne meM ina brAhmaNoM kA jJAna vedoM ke kevala laukika artha taka hI simaTa kara raha gayA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unheM pAramArthika dharma kA marma smjhaayaa| yajJa, yajJa-kuMDa, sAmidhA, AhUti Adi kI vivecanA kara una brAhmaNoM ko nae sire se inakA artha smjhaayaa| una brAhmaNoM ko apanI UMcI jAti kA vidvatA kA abhimAna ho gayA thaa| bhagavAna ke darzana karane se unakA yaha abhimAna jAtA rhaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA jina gaNadharoM ne saMkalana kiyA ve tamAma gaNadhara veda-vedAMgI meM niSNAta brAhmaNa paMDita hI the| gaNadharoM dvArA saMkalita bhagavAna kI vANI hI jaina Agama ke nAma se prasiddha hai, ise hI jaina samyaka zruti kahate haiN| / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dezanA meM mAnava aura mAnava ke bIca, vibhinna vargoM ke bIca UMca-nIca ke lie koI jagaha nahIM hai| unake anusAra vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai jo apane Apako rAga-dveSa, krodha, lobha, aura hAsya-bhaya se dUra rakhatA hai, saba jIvoM meM samabhAva dhAraNa karatA hai, jo brahmacarya aura akiMcana vrata kA pAlana karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra logoM ko aise brAhmaNa ke sAnnidhya meM raha kara ciMtana, manana aura nirdidhyAsana ke dvArA Atma sAkSAtkAra karane kA upadeza dete haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kSatriyoM ko parAyA mAla har3apane aura ApasI kalaha IrSyA, dveSa aura zatrutA se virata hone kI zikSA dii| unhone unheM vaira-prativaira kI bhAvanA khatma karane aura jitendriya banane kA upadeza diyaa| unhone batAyA ki asalI kSAtra-dharma nirdoSa prANiyoM kA badha karanA nahIM hai, balki jIvoM kI rakSA karanA hai| unhone kSatriyoM ko krodha para kSamAse, mAna para namratA se, yAtrA para RjutA se aura lobha para nirmoha se jIta hAsila karane kA mArga dikhlaayaa| unhone batAyA ki ahiMsaka-yuddha meM hI samasta jIvoM kA uddhAra nihita hai| ___ unake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara vIrAMgaka Adi ATha samakAlIna rAjAoM ne pravajyA grahaNa kI thii| abhayakumAra, meghakumAra jaise rAjakumAroM ne ghara-bAra chor3akara sAdhanA kA mArga apanAyA thA / unake gRhastha anuyAyiyoM meM magadharAja zreNika aura kuNika, vaizAlIpati caiTaka, avaMti nareza, caMdrapradyota Adi mukhya the| AnaMda Adi vaizya, zakaDAla-putra jaise kumhAra aura arjuna mAlI jaise loga bhI bhagavAna ke dvArA nirdiSTa dharma - mArga me pravRtta hue the| unake vihAra ke mukhya kSetra magadha, videha, kAzI, kauzala aura vatsa deza the| 2010_03
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________________ svaH mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha 5052368500 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vaizyoM ko batAyA ki vaibhava nyAya-yukta ho, itanA hI kAphI nahIM hai| vaibhava kA parimANa aura maryAdA bhI nizcita honI caahie| unhoMne vaizyoM ko nyAya mArga para calane, maryAdA pUrvaka dhanopArjana karane aura aMta meM saba kucha tyAga kara akiMcana vrata pAlana karane kA upadeza diyaa| zudroM ke lie unakA upadeza thA ki acche karma karane se ve bhI brAhmaNoM ke samAna pUjya bana sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yajJa-mArgoM kA niSedha nahI kiyA thA, balki yajJa meM hone vAlI hiMsA ko chor3ane kA upadeza diyA thaa| unhone tapasyA rUpI yajJa meM pApa-karmoM ko jalA dene kA AvAhana kiyaa| unake anusAra jIvAtmA hI agnikuMDa hai, mana vacana kArya kI pravRtti hI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pahale AraNyaka RSiyoM meM yajJa-yAgAdi anuSThAna sAMsArika sukha ke lie anupAdeya hai, yaha dhAraNA pracalita thii| ye Avazyaka RSi sAMsArikatA se dUra gahana tapasyA me lIna rahate the aura kisI ajJAta guphA meM chipe gUr3ha dharma tatva kI khoja me lage rahate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usa gUr3ha dharma-tatva ko Ama logoM ke bIca le jAkara sarvodaya tIrtha kA pravartana kiyaa| unake upadezoM se bAhayAcAra kI bajAya dhyAna, svAdhyAya, vinaya, sevA Adi nAnA prakAra kI tapasyAoM kA dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke rUpa meM pracAra huaa| RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra taka caubIsoM tIrthakaroM ke jIvana-caritra jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hote hai, paraMtu RSabhadeva ke mukAbale bAkI tIrthakaroM ke jIvana caritra kAphI choTe haiM, yahAM taka ki neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke caritra bhI jinakA anya tIrthakaroM kI apekSA kahIM adhika vivaraNa milatA hai| jaina purANo ke anusAra cakravartI saMpUrNa bharata-kSetra ke chahoM khaMDoM kA ekAdhikAra prApta samrATa hotA hai, jisake aMtargata battIsa hajAra mukuTabaddha rAjA hote haiN| use navanidhi aura caudaha ratna prApta hote haiN| usakI senA me caurAsI karor3a yoddhA, aThAraha karor3a ghor3e, caurAsI lAkha hAthI aura utane hI ratha hote haiN| jaina loga samrATa bharata ko isa yuga kA prathama cakravartI mAnate haiN| bharata cakravartI bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke sabase bar3e putra the, jinake nAma para hamAre deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| isake pramANa meM jaina zrImada bhAgavatapurANa ko udadhRta karate hai| bhAgavata ke anusAra mahAyogI bharata RSabhadeva ke sau putroM me sabase bar3e the| aura unhIM ke kAraNa yaha deza bhAratavarSa khlaayaa| Adhunika lekhakoM kI isa rAya se jaina loga kataI sahamata nahIM hai ki jaina-dharma kI utpatti brAhmaNa dharma ke viruddha asaMtoSa kI bhAvanAeM phaila jAne ke kAraNa huii| pazcimI 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana vidvAnoM ke jaina dharma ko samajhane kI prakriyA ke sAtha-sAtha isa dhAraNA kI zuruAta huI thI, jisakA thor3A bahuta asara paraMparAvAdI jaino meM bhale hI huA ho, paraMtu paraMparAvAdI jaina na to jaina-dharma ko brAhmaNa-dharma virodhI mAnate haiM aura vaha na hI bhagavAna RSabhadeva yA mahAvIra ko jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka / apanI tIrthakara paraMparA ke vedoM aura purANoM me ullekha hone kA jikra ve bar3e garva ke sAtha karate haiN| ve aisA mAnate haiM ki yajurveda meM jo RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi kA nirdeza milatA hai, ve vastutaH jaina tIrthakara hI haiN| isI taraha bhAgavata purANa meM varNita RSabhadeva ko prathama tIrthakara AdinAtha se abhinna mAnate haiN| mahAbhArata me viSNu ke sahastra nAmoM meM treyAsaM, anaMta, dharma, zAnti aura saMbhava aura ziva ke nAmoM me RSabha, ajita, anaMta aura dharma kA jo ullekha milatA hai, vaha jaino ke anusAra tIrthakara paraMparA kA hI ullekha hai| jaino kI ahiMsA ko lekara aksara yaha galataphahamI rahatI hai ki unakI ahiMsA ne samAja ko kamajora banA diyA thA usa ahiMsA ke calate jaina logoM ne kue~ khudavAne, tAlAba banavAne jaise lokopakArI kAma karane baMda kara die| yaha bhrAMti jaino kI ahiMsA saMbadhI dhAraNA ko na samajhane ke kAraNa paidA hotI hai| jaina hiMsA ke cAra bheda karate hai .... (1) saMkalpI,(2) udyogI,(3) AraMbhI,(4) virodhii| nirdaya pariNAma ko hetu banAkara saMkalpa pUrvaka kiyA gayA prANaghAta saMkalpI hiMsA hai / vyApAra yA gRhasthI ke kAmoM me sAvadhAnI baratate hue bhI jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai vaha udyogI aura AraMbhI hiMsA hai| apane tathA apane parivAra, dharmAyatana, samAja dezAdi para kie gae AkramaNa se rakSA ke lie kI gaI hiMsA virodhI hiMsA hai| zrAvaka yA gRhastha ina cAra hiMsAoM meM se pahalI saMkalpI hiMsA kA hI sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai| isalie jainoM ke anusAra gRhastha jIvana ke lie anivArya AraMbhI, udyogI aura virodhI hiMsA aura hiMsA bhAva chor3akara bAkI hiMsA kA pUrI taraha tyAga karanA hI ahiMsA aNuvrata hai| isakA uddezya gRhasthI ko amaryAdita bhoga-sAmagrI ikaTThA karane ke lie kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko rokanA hai, paraMtu jIvana kI jarUrI AvazyakatAoM ke juTAne, yA prANarakSA ke nimitta kI gaI hiMsA kI chUTa jaina dharma zrAvakoM ko detA hai| paraMtu yaha chUTa jaina sAdhuoM ke lie nahI hai, ve ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana karate haiN| unhe cAroM hiMsAoM meM se kisI eka bhI hiMsA kI anumati nahIM hai| isa prakAra jaina sAdhu kA jIvana hI pUrNa 237 2010_03
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha ahiMsaka aura aparigrahI hogA, paraMtu gRhastha ke lie ahiMsA mahAvrata yA aparigrahI mahAvrata kA pAlana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| gRhastha prANaghAta kA saMkalpa karake eka cIMTI bhI nahIM mAregA, paraMtu ghara-bAra, deza-samAja, dharma yA dharmAyana para AkramaNa hone kI sthiti meM talavAra uThA kara pUrI zakti ke sAtha ldd'egaa| isa taraha kI lar3AI karate hue zrAvaka ke ahiMsANuvrata kI koI hAni nahIM hotI hai| bhagavAna-mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kI taraha unake dvArA batAyA gayA nivRtti mArga bhI deza, jAti yA samAja ke utthAna ke lie kie jAne vAle kAmoM yA lokamaMgala ke kAryo meM koI bAdhA nahIM DAlatA, yahAM taka ki yaha nivRtti mArga logoM ko behatara jIvana-yApana karane kI preraNA detA hai| yadi nivRtti mArga pravRtti meM bAdhaka hotA to svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kyoM loka-kalyANa kI ora pravRtta hote| ve to mukta jIvana the aura kevala jJAna prApta kara cuke the| unhe jagaha-jagaha vihAra karake saMsArI jIvoM ko upadeza dene kI koI jarUrata nahIM thii| paraMtu kevala jJAna ke vAda unhone isalie lagAtAra dezanA kI tAki anya jIvoM kA bhI kalyANa ho ske| isalie unako tIrthakara kahA jAtA hai| unhoMne na kevala khuda bhava-sAgara pAra kara liyA thA, balki dUsaroM ko bhI isake pAra jAne kA rAstA dikhlaayaa| dUsaroM ko mArga dikhAne ke kAraNa hI tIrthaMkara kahA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA yA unakA nivRtti mArga yadi rAjakAja aura samAja ke kAmoM meM bAdhaka hotA to jaina dharma kA rAjAoM ke bIca itanA asara nahIM hotaa| jaina dharma kA uttara aura dakSiNa ke rAjAoM para kAphI asara rahA hai| baizAlI ke rAjA caiTaka, magadha ke rAjA zreNika, maurya samrATa caMdragupta, samrATa azoka ke pautra saMprati, kaliMga cakravartI khAravela aura kalacuri nareza jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the hI, rASTadUta aura cAlukya rAjAau, caula aura pAMDeya narezoM, gaMgavaMza aura homasala vaMza ke rAjAau aura vijaya nagararAjya meM bhI jaina dharma kI kAphI khyAti rahI hai| __ jainAcAryo aura sAdhuo dvArA racita graMthoM ko dekhakara bhI yaha dhAraNA pakkI ho jAtI hai ki jainoM kI nivRtti kA sAmAjika pravRtti para koI viparIta asara nahIM par3A thaa| jainAcAyoM ke gaNita, ratnazAstra, Ayurveda para to graMtha haiM hI, arthazAstra nItizAstra, Ayurveda, zilpazAstra, mudrAzAstra, dhAtuvijJAna aura prANivijJAna para Apako unake likhe graMtha mila jaaeNge| kalA, saMgIta aura nATaka jaisI vidyAeM bhI jainAcAryoM se achUtI nahI rhiiN| vyAkaraNa, koza, alaMkAra aura chaMda para hajAroM graMtha jaina sAdhuoM aura AcAryoM ne 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana likhe hai| bhAratIya sAhitya kI zAyada hI aisI koI vidyA ho jo jainAcAryo se achUtI rahI ho| yahAM taka ki kAmazAstra jaise viSayoM para Apako jainAcAryo ke graMtha mila jaaeNge| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake bAda kI samagra jaina paraMparA bhAratIya paristhitiyoM meM hI kAma kara rahI thii| jaina dharma ke AcAra, unake sAdhu-saMto kI paraMparAeM aura jainoM dvArA race gae sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se Apako patA cala jAegA ki jaina dharma kitanA adhika bhAratIya mUladhArA se jur3A huA hai| jaina darzana kI tAtvika mAnyatAoM yA Izvara ko na mAnane ko lekara unake veda virodhI svarUpa ko bar3hA-car3hA kara citrita kara unheM nAstika batalA kara bhArata kI mUladhArA se kabhI bhI nahIM kATA jA sktaa| jaina loga isa . taraha ke vivecana se kabhI sahamata nahIM hoNge| __ jaina bhagavAna rAma aura lakSmaNa ko tresaTha-puruSoM meM ginate haiN| bhagavAna rAma yadyapi tIrthakara nahIM haiM, paraMtu tIrthaMkara kI taraha hI pUjya haiN| jaina paraMparA bhagavAna rAma aura hanumAnajI ko pUrNa jJAnI aura pUrNa vItarAgI mAnatI hai| jaina-sAhitya meM bhagavAna rAma kA vizada vivaraNa hai| kaI tIrthakara aise haiM jina para svataMtra rUpa se koI purANa yA mahAkAvya nahIM mileNge| bhagavAna rAma kI taraha bhagavAna bAhubali bhI tIrthakara nahIM haiM, phira bhI sarvajJa aura vItarAgI hone ke kAraNa parama pUjya haiM, zravaNa velagola meM unakI vizAla pratimA kA pUre bhAratavarSa meM kAphI nAma haiN| bhagavAna bAhubali kI taraha bhagavAna rAma aura hanumAna jI bhI parama pUjya haiN| 2010_03