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________________ pro. zrIcandra jaina ema0 e0, ela-ela0 bI0 adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, garva0 kAleja, kharagona jaina kathA-sAhitya : eka paricaya bhAratIya loka-kathAoM meM jaina kathAoM kA viziSTa sthAna hai. unakI saMkhyA bhI paryApta hai aura unake viSaya-vivecana meM bhI viziSTa maulikatA hai. saMsAra ke samasta anubhavoM ko apane A~cala meM chipAe hue una kathAoM ne virakti aura sadAcAra ko vizeSataH pratiphalita kiyA hai. yathArthavAda ke dharAtala para nirmita inakI rUpa-rekhAoM meM AdarzavAda kA hI raMga gaharA hai. inhoMne eka bAra nahIM hajAra bAra batAyA hai ki mAnava kA lakSya mokSaprApti hai aura isameM saphala hone ke lie use saMsAra se virakta honA par3egA. yadyapi puNya sukhakara hai aura pApa kI tulanA meM isakI upalabdhi zreyaskara hai phira bhI puNya kI kAmanA kA parityAga eka vizeSa paristhiti meM Atma-zuddhi ke lie Avazyaka hai. isa parama punIta uddezya kA smaraNa ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se pAThakoM ko bArambAra karAyA gayA hai. ina kathAoM se spaSTa hai ki samasta prANiyoM kI cintA karane vAle jaina-dharma ke siddhAMtoM meM sarvabhUtahitAya' kI bhAvanA sadaiva spaMdita rahI hai. varga-bheda athavA jAti-bheda kI kalpanA ke lie yahA~ sthAna hai hI nahIM. pazu-pakSI, deva-dAnava, rAjA raMka aura zvapaca ko bhI samAna rUpa se dharmopadeza sunAkara jainamuniyoM ne apanI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai. jainaAcAryoM ne jaina-dharma ke siddhAMtoM ko samajhAne ke lie jina kathAnoM kA sahArA liyA hai, ve korI kAlpanika nahIM hai varana unakI kathAvastu meM vAstavikatA hai tathA AdarzavAda kI paripuSTi meM unakA avasAna huA hai. karmasiddhAMta ke nirUpaNa se ina kathAoM meM pApa-puNya kI vizada vyAkhyA bhI huI hai. pratyeka jIva ko apane karmoM kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai. isa aTala siddhAMta kI paridhi ke bAhara na devatA jA sakate haiM aura na narapati. RSi-muniyoM ko bhI apane kRtyoM ke zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA anubhava karanA par3atA hai. jisa prakAra eka puNyavAn mAnava pAvana kArya karake svarga ke sUkhoM ko bhogatA hai usI prakAra eka vana-pazu bhI sAmAnya vratoM ke pAlana se deva bana jAtA hai. isI prakAra narapAlaka apane pApoM ke vazIbhUta hokara narakagAmI ho jAtA hai. jaina-dharma punarjanma ke siddhAMta meM pUrNa AsthAvAn hai. isIlie karmavAda kI abhivyakti adhika prabhAvazAlinI bana jAtI hai. kisI kAraNa vizeSa se yadi koI jIva apane vartamAna jIvana meM apane karmoM kA phala nahIM bhoga pAtA to use dUsare janma meM avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai. jaina loka-kathA-sAhitya para likhate hue zrImatI mohanI zarmA ne kahA hai ki-"jaina kathA-sAhitya mAtrA meM bahuta hI vizAla hai. usameM romAMsa, vRttAnta, jIvajantu loka, paramparA pracalita manoraMjaka, varNanAtmaka, Adi sabhI prakAra kI kathAe~, pracura mAtrA meM milatI haiM. janasAdhAraNa meM apane siddhAMtoM kA pracAra karane ke lie jaina-sAdhu kathAoM ko sabase *** ** * ** * ** * * **
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________________ pro0 zrIcandra jaina : jaina kathA-sAhitya : eka paricaya : ma sulabha va prabhAvazAlI sAdhana mAnate the aura unhoMne isI dRSTi se uparokta sabhI bhASAoM meM, gadya-padya donoM meM hI kahAnI kalA ko carama vikAsa kI sImA taka pahuMcAyA. unakI kathAe~ dainika jIvana kI sarala se sarala bhASA meM hotI thIM. koIkoI kathAe~ to kevala eka hI sAdhAraNa kathA huA karatI thI para adhikAMzataH kathAoM meM bahuta sI gauNa kathAe~ isa DhaMga se milI rahatI thIM ki kathA kA krama nahIM TUTane pAtA thA aura kAphI lambe samaya taka vahI kathA calatI rahatI thI ( jaise paMcataMtra ). 'unakA kathA kahane kA DhaMga anyoM kI apekSA kucha vizeSatA yukta hai. kathA ke prAraMbha meM jaina sAdhu koI prasiddha dharmavAkya yA padyAMza kahate haiM aura phira bAda meM kathA kahanA zurU karate haiM. kathA kI lambAI yA choTAI para ve jarA bhI dhyAna nahIM dete. unakI kathAe~ bahuta hI romAMTika ghaTanAoM (adhikAMza ghaTanAe~ eka dUsare se guvI rahatI hai) se yukta rahatI haiM. kahAnI ke anta meM ve pAThakoM kA paricaya eka kevalI - trikAladarzI jaina sAdhu se karAte haiM. jo kathA se sambaddha nagara meM AtA hai aura kathA ke pAtroM ko sanmArga para Ane kA upadeza detA hai. kevalI kA upadeza sunakara kathA ke pAtra pUchate haiM ki saMsAra meM prANiyoM ko duHkha kyoM sahane par3ate haiM, dukhoM se chUTakArA pAne kA upAya kyA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM kevalI jainadharma ke pramukha tattva karma kA varNana karane laga jAtA hai-prANI ke pUrvakRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa meM hI use sukha yA duHkha kI prApti hotI hai. apane isa kathana kA sambandha vaha kahAnI ke pAtroM ke jIvana meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM se spaSTa karatA hai. bhAratIya kathAkalA kI vizeSatAoM ke rUpa meM hama jaina kathAvRttAntoM ko le sakate haiM. bhAratIya janatA ke pratyeka varga ke AcAra-vicAroM evaM vyavahAroM ke viSaya meM unase yathArtha evaM savistAra paricaya milatA hai. jaina- kathA - vRttAnta vizAla bhAratIya sAhitya ke eka pramukha aMga ke rUpa meM apanA mahattva pradarzita karate haiM. ve kevala bhAratIya lokakathAoM ke kSetra meM hI nahIM, varan bhAratIya sabhyatA va saMskRti ke itihAsa ke kSetra meM bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM. jainoM ke kathA kahane ke DhaMga meM bauddhoM ke DhaMga se kaI bAtoM meM kAphI antara hai. jainoM kI kathA kI mUla vastu bhUta ko vartamAna se sambaddha rakhatI hai. ve apane siddhAMtoM kA sIdhA upadeza nahIM dete, unake kathAnakoM se hI apratyakSa rUpa se unakA upadeza prakaTa hotA hai. eka saba se bar3A antara jo hai, vaha yaha ki unakI kathAoM meM 'bodhisatva' ke samAna bhaviSya ke 'jinake rUpa meM koI pAtra nahIM AtA." (vra0 paM0 candAbAI abhinandana graMtha ( pRSTha 428-430 ). DA0 satyendra, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 ne bhI jaina loka kathAoM para vicAra prakaTa kie haiM. ve likhate hai- 'jaina sAhitya meM to bauddha sAhitya se bhI adhika kahAniyoM kA bhaNDAra milatA hai. ye kahAniyA~ kucha to dharma ke siddhAMta graMthoM meM AyI hai. ye bahudhA tIrthakaroM tathA unake bhramaNa anuyAyiyoM tathA zalAkApuruSoM kI jIvana-jhAMkiyoM ke rUpa meM jahA~ yahA~ mila jAtI hai. kahIM-kahIM ina graMthoM meM kisI kathA kA saMketa mAtra milatA hai. AcArAMga aura kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra ke jIvana para prakAza par3atA hai. neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM bhI inameM vRtta mila jAte haiM. 'nAyAdhammakahAo' meM anekoM dRSTAMta svarUpa rUpaka kahAniyA~ (pairevala ) bhI haiM. ' jaina kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa jaina kathAoM kA vibhAjana karanA sugama nahIM hai, phira bhI pAtroM, evaM varNya viSayoM Adi ke AdhAra para inheM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai. pAtroM para AdhArita vibhAjana isa prakAra ho sakatA hai : 1. mahArAjA aura mahArAnI sambandhI kathAe~. 2. mahArAjakumAra aura mahArAjakumArI sambandhI kathAe~. 3. uccavarNIya mAnava sambandhI kathAe~. Jain Education Internation 1. braja loka sAhitya kA adhyayana, pRSTha 416 *** *** *** *** wwwwwwwww. *** Dj.org
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________________ sthkthththmthkthkthkthk 6 muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha : caturtha adhyAya 4. pazu-pakSI sambandhI kathAeM 5. deva-dAnava sambandhI kathAeM. 6. jaina sAdhu sambandhI kathAe~. 7. nIca kulotpanna mAnava sambandhI kathAe~, Adi Adi. viSayAnusAra kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra ho sakatA hai 1. vrata sambandhI, 2 . tyAga sambandhI, 3. dAna sambandhI, 4. saptavyasana sambandhI, 5. bAraha bhAvanA sambandhI, 6. ratnatraya sambandhI, 7. daza dharma sambandhI 8. tIrthayAtrA sambandhI, 6. maMtra saMbaMdhI, 10. stotra sambandhI, 11. roga saMbaMdhI, 12. parIkSA viSayaka, 13. tyauhAra sambandhI, 14. camatkAra sambandhI, 15. zAstrArtha sambandhI, 16. bhAgya sambandhI, 17. upasarga sambandhI, 18. svapna sambandhI, 16. yAtrA sambandhI, 20 nIti viSayaka, 21. tIna mUDhatA viSayaka. 22. parISa saMbaMdhI kathAeM Adi Adi. kintu yaha vargIkaraNa pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki hajAroM kathAoM ke viSaya paraspara bahuta bhinna haiM. jaina kathAoM kA prArambha evaM anta 1 1 jaina kathAoM kA prArambha kathAkAra prAyaH maMgalAcaraNa ke sAtha kiyA karate haiM, jisameM jinendradeva athavA sarasvatI kI vandanA karake kathA-nAma kA saMketa bhI diyA jAtA hai. 1 kathA ke prArambhika bhAga meM pramukha pAtra athavA pAtroM ke nivAsasthAna kA ullekha niyamita rUpa se hotA hai. sAtha hI sAtha puNyavAna zAsaka [rAjA evaM rAnI] ke nAma kA bhI sammAna sahita ullekha kara diyA jAtA hai. kucha zabdoM meM usakI zAsana vyavasthA kI bhI prazaMsA kara dI jAtI hai. kathA kI samApti hote hote pramukha pAtra para vizeSa AdarzavAda [virakti, bhakti, tapasyA, Adi) kA prabhAva prakaTa ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane kutsita mArga [ yadi vaha vilAsI athavA pApI hotA thA] ko chor3akara mokSamArga kA pathika bana jAtA hai. isa prakAra kathA kA anta upadezAtmaka paMktiyoM ke sAtha huA karatA hai. jaina kathAoMoM kI vyApakatA jaina kathAoM kA vistAra bahuta dUra taka huA hai. kucha kathAe~ to aisI sunane ko milI haiM jinakA ullekha pAzcAtya dezoM kI kathAoM meM bhI huA hai suprasiddha yuropIya vidvAn zrI sI0 eca0 TAne ne apane 'graMtha' TrejarI Apha sTorija kI bhUmikA meM spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki jainoM ke 'kathAkoSa' meM saMgrahIta kathAoM va yoropIya kathAoM meM atyanta nikaTa sAmya hai. Jain Education internationa 1. (ka) zrIvIraM jinamAnamya vastutattvaprakAzakam . bacce kathA puspAavAbhidhAnakam (kha) namo zAradA sAra budha kareM harai agha lepa. 'nizabhojana bhuraMjana' kathA likhU sugama saMkSepa. (ga) tInoM yoga samhAra kara, bandoM bAra jineza, 'rakSA bandhana' ko kathA, bhASA karU vizeSa. (gha) paMca parama guru vandike, 'jambukumAra' purANa. karU padya racanA, bhakti bhAva kara Ana. 2. (ka) jambUdvIpa meM, pUrva videha ke antargata Arya khaNDa nAmaka sthAna meM avantI deza hai, jisameM susImA nAma kI eka nagarI hai. usa nagara kA zAsanakarttA, varadatta nAmaka eka cakravartI samrAT thA. (kha) mahArAja zreNika saradAra, dharmadhuraMdhara parama udAra. nyAya nIti barateM tihuM kAla, nirbhaya prajA rahe sukhahAla. Por - jaMbU svAmI caritra, pR0 6. Pasara
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________________ pro0 zrIcandra jaina : jaina kathA-sAhitya : eka paricaya : 887 unake vicAra se yaha adhika saMbhava hai ki jina yoropIya kathAoM meM yaha sAmya milatA hai unameM se adhikAMza bhAratIya kathA sAhitya [vizeSataH jaina kathA sAhitya] ke Azrita hoM. prophesara maiksamUlara benke tathA rAisa DeviDsa ne apane graMthoM meM isa bAta ke kAphI pramANa diye haiM ki bhAratIya bauddha kathAe~ loka kaThoM ke mAvyama ke parasiyA se yUropa gaIM. prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hI hai ki jaina kahAniyAM itane dUra-dUra ke pradezoM meM kaise pahu~cIM, jaba ki jainadharma kA vistAra bhArata taka hI sImita hai ? isake uttara meM hama yahI kaheMge [aura yaha saca hai ki ye kahAniyAM jainoM dvArA nahIM, balki bauddhoM dvArA sudUra pradezoM meM le jAI gaI haiM. kyoMki jaina aura bauddha, donoM ne hI jJAnonnati evaM pracAra se uddezya se pUrvIya bhArata kI loka-kathAoM kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai.1 aneka jaina kathAe~ aisI haiM jo kucha antara [parivardhana evaM parivartana] ke sAtha vedoM aura purANoM meM bhI prApta hotI haiM. AcAryoM ne apane apane matoM kI puSTi athavA samarthana ke lie yadi kathAoM meM kucha parivartana kara diyA ho to Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai. eka sAdhAraNa kathA jaba dharmavizeSa kI paridhi meM pahu~ca jAtI hai taba vaha usa dharma kI bhAvanA se prabhAvita hokara hI bAhara nikalatI hai. bhagavAna rAma tathA kRSNa viSayaka jaina kathAe~ bhI upalabdha haiM, lekina unameM aura vaidika kathAoM meM asAdhAraNa antara A gayA hai. aisI sthiti meM yaha kahanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki ye kathAe~ jaina sAhitya se anya dharma meM pahu~cI haiM athavA jaina kathAkAroM ne inheM anyatra se upalabdha kiyA hai. videzoM kI loka-kathAoM ke anuzIlana se jJAta hogA ki anekoM jaina-kathAoM ne sAgaroM ko pAra karake vahAM kI mAnyatAoM kI veza-bhUSA se apane ko alaMkRta kara liyA hai, lekina unakA mUlabhUta svarUpa prakaTa ho kara hI rahatA hai.. kathAnoM meM tAtkAlika samAja kA citraNa yadyapi ina kathAoM kA lakSya sAmAjika athavA rAjanItika vAtAvaraNa ko aMkita karanA nahIM hai, phira bhI inameM aise aneka vivaraNa sammilita haiM jinake mAdhyama se pAThaka tatkAlIna sAmAjika sthiti kA sahaja hI adhyayana kara letA hai. mAnava kI svAbhAvika vRttiyoM kA na kabhI nAza huA hai aura na hogA. vaha saundarya-premI hotA hai aura isIlie manamohaka sundaratA kI ora svataH AkarSita ho jAtA hai. aneka kathAoM meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai ki amuka rAjA yA dhanika yA sampanna vyaktti amuka kisI sundara strI para mohita ho gayA aura usakI prApti ke lie aneka upAya bhI karane lagA, lekina devI-devatAoM ne satI kI pukAra sunI aura vaha narAdhama apane kukarma ke lie daNDita kiyA gayA. usa samaya yAtAyAta ke sAdhana sImita the aura vyApArI bailoM, ghor3oM U~ToM tathA jahAjoM ke dvArA hI apane vyavasAya ko samunnata banAte the. lekina saMrakSaNa kA pUrNa prabandha na hone se vanoM, pahAr3oM tathA nirjana sthAnoM meM ve dhanika vyApArI aksara coroM aura DAkuoM dvArA lUTa lie jAte the. aparAdhoM kI vRddhi ko rokane ke lie tatkAlIna zAsaka bar3A kaThora daNDa dete the. corI ke lie prAcIna kAla meM zUlI kI sajA dI jAtI thI. kanyAe~ vividha kalAoM kA adhyayana karake apanI icchAnusAra apane jIvana sAthI kA cunAva karane meM svatantra thI. ve kaThina parIkSAoM meM saphala yuvakoM ko hI apanA pati banAnA cAhatI thIM [dekhie jayakumAra-sulocanA Adi kI kathA]. samRddhi aura vilAsitA ke jhUloM meM bhUlate hue bhI mAnavoM kA mAnasa eka sAdhAraNa ghaTanA se prabhAvita ho jAtA thA aura ve saMsAra kA parityAga karake AtmoddhAra meM saMlagna ho jAte the. jaladhara ko ananta AkAza meM vilIna hote dekhakara athavA eka zveta keza ke darzana mAtra se insAna kA mana virakta ho jAyA karatA thA. bahupatnI-prathA kA pracalana usa purA 1. jaina loka-kathA-sAhitya--zrImatI mohinI zarmA. 2. zrIpAla ko sAgara vipai jaba seTha girAyA, usakI ramA se ramane ko AyA vo behayA. usa vakta ke saMkaTa meM satI tumako jo dhyAyA, dukhadaMDa phanda meTake Ananda bar3hAyA. -saMkaTamocana vinatI. PARTPHANT ANA ININANININNINANDININRNININNINNINorg
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________________ 888 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya wanawwwwwwwwwwwwww tana kAla kI vizeSatA kahI jAya to anucita na hogA. narapati tathA dhanika varga aneka patniyoM kA pati bana kara apanI kAmavAsanA kI pUrti karatA thA. hariNyavarmA ne eka hajAra kumAriyoM ko apanI patniyoM ke rUpa meM rakhA thA. [dekhiejayakumAra-sulocanA kI kathA]. tatkAlIna nareza apanI prajA kA pUrNa rUpeNa saMrakSaNa karate the aura niSpakSa nyAya ke kAraNa bar3e loka-priya the. sAmAjika jIvana sukhI aura samRddha thA tathA sAMsArika sukhoM kA bhoga mAnava-samAja suruci se karatA rahatA thA. samaya Ane para muktakaroM se dAna bhI detA thA. paropakAra-niratatA usa kAla kI vizeSa dena thI. sundara veza-bhUSA evaM sugaMdhita padArthoM kA bAhulya dhana saMpanna kA pratIka thA. vividha lokavizvAsoM ke sAtha-sAtha svapnoM ke prati mAnavoM kI prAcIna kAla meM vizeSa AsthA thI. ve ina svapnoM ke dvArA zubhAzubha kA parijJAna kara liyA karate the. [dekhie nandimitra kI kathA-rAjA candragupta ke 16 svapna]. purAtana kathA-sAhitya ke adhyayana se prakaTa hotA hai ki jIvana saharI ke cunAva meM jAtigata bandhana nagaNya the. yuvaka apanI icchAnusAra yuvatI ko cuna letA thA. dekhie arddhadagdha mahApuruSoM aura bakare kI kathA-vasantilakA aura cArudatta kI praNayakathA] ina kathAoM ke anuzIlana se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki jainadharma ke pAlanArtha kisI jAtivizeSa kI paridhi cihna nahIM thI. brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ke atirikta zUdra aura antyaja bhI jaina dharma kI ArAdhanA se vaMcita nahIM kiye jAte the. dekhie bhIla-bhIlinI kI kathA evaM mAlI kI lar3akiyoM kI kathA] pazu bhI jaina dharma ke zraddhAna se paramasukha ko prApta ho sakate haiM [dekhie sugrIva baila kI kathA evaM bandara kI kathA]' isa prakAra ye kathAe~ prAcanI jaina saMskRti kA eka suhAvanA bahuraMgI citra upasthita karatI hai. 1. 'jina kathAoM kA yahA~ saMketa kiyA gayA hai. ve puNyAtraba kathA-koSa meM saMgrahIta haiM.' Jain Education Intemational