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________________ jaina karma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka vivecana DaoN0 rAmamUrti tripAThI hindU saMskRti kA pratyabhijJApaka pratimAna hai-punarjanmavAda meM aasthaa| punarjanmavAda kA mUla hai- krmvaad| hiMdU saMskRti ke aMtargata parigaNita hone vAlI tInoM dhArAeM-brAhmaNa (zaiva, zAkta tathA vaiSNavAdi), jaina aura bauddha karmavAda meM AsthA rakhatI haiN| brAhmaNa athavA vaidika dharma ke antargata parigaNita hone vAlA mImAMsA darzana to 'karma' hI ko saba kucha mAnatA hai-karmeti mImAMsakAH / bauddha sRSTimata samasta vaicitrya kA mUla karma ko svIkAra karate haiM aura jaina karma tathA jIvAtmA kA anAdi sambandha svIkAra karate haiN| tInoM hI dhArAoM meM saSTi kA mUla 'karma' mAnane vAle upalabdha haiM-mAnavetara kisI sarvopari sattA 'Izvara' ko asvIkAra karate haiN| tInoM anAdivAsanA, kaSAya aura taNhA ko karmabaMdha kA mUla mAnate haiM / tInoM hI inakA samuccheda svIkAra karate haiN| ina tamAma samAnatAoM ke bAvajUda 'karma' ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaina darzana kI dhAraNA sarvathA bhinna hai| jainetara darzanoM meM vaizeSika darzana 'karma' ko eka svataMtra padArtha mAnatA hai| unakI dRSTi meM 'karma' vaha hai jo dravya samaveta ho, jisameM svayaM koI guNa na ho aura jo saMyoga tathA vibhAga meM kAraNAntara kI apekSA na rakhatA ho| guNa kI taraha yahAM karma bhI dravyAzrita dharma-vizeSa hai| guNa-dravyagata siddha dharma kA nAma hai, jabaki kriyA 'sAdhya' hai| karma mUrta dravyoM meM hI rahatA hai aura mUrta dravya ve hote haiM jo alpa parimANa vAle hote haiM / vaizeSikoM ke yahAM AkAza, kAla, dik tathA AtmA vibhu yA vyApaka hai-ataH inameM karma nahIM hotaa| pRthivI, jala, vAyu, teja tathA mana inhIM mUrta pAMca dravyoM meM karma kI vRtti rahatI hai| yaha karma pAMca prakAra kA hai-- utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa tathA gmn| anya sarvavidha kriyAoM kA antarbhAva 'gamana' meM hI ho jAtA hai| yahAM kabhI-kabhI kriyA aura karma paryAya rUpa meM bhI samajhe jAte haiM, kabhI-kabhI kriyA ke dvArA prApya 'karma' kahA jAtA hai| pANini ne 'karma' jo karttA kI kriyA se Ipsitatama rUpa meM prApta hotA hai--use kahA hai| vivekazIla mAnava ke saMdarbha meM mImAMsA darzana ne 'karma ke nitya, naimittika, kAmya aura niSedhya rUpoM para paryApta vicAra kiyA hai| mAnava ke hI saMdarbha meM prAkhyA, saMcita aura kriyamANa karmacakra kA vicAra upalabdha hotA hai| gItA meM 'karma' zabda kA viziSTa aura sAmAnya, saMdarbha-sApekSa tathA saMdarbha-nirapekSa aneka rUpoM meM prayoga milatA hai / zAMkara advaitavedAMta kI dRSTi se 'gItAkAra' ke bhUtabhAvodbhavakaraH visargaH karmasaMjitaH kI vyAkhyA karate hue lokamAnya ne jo kucha kahA hai-usakA Azaya yaha hai ki niHspaMdabrahma meM mAyopAdhika AdyaspaMda yA halacala hI 'karma' hai| isa prakAra sArI sRSTi hI gatyAtmaka hone se kriyAtmaka yA karmAtmaka hai| sthiti to kevala brahma hai / 'sthiti' ke vakSa para hI 'gati' hai--halacala hai-bananA-bigar3anA hai-saMsAra hai / vaizeSika darzana kA karma bhI yahI hai- vaise use mAyA athavA mAyopAdhika spaMda kA patA nahIM hai| jaina darzana bhI jaba kAvyavAMgamana: 'karma' ko 'yoga' kahatA hai, taba vaha kAya, vAk tathA manaHpradeza meM hone vAle AtmaparispaMda ko hI kriyA yA yoga kahatA hai / yahAM yoga, kriyA tathA karma ko sAmAnyata: paryAya rUpa meM hI liyA gayA hai-vaise anyatra 'karma' kA svarUpa sarvathA bhinna rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM 'karma' ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue yaha mAnA gayA hai ki karma aura jIvAtmA kA anAdi sambandha hai| karma hI ke kAraNa jIva eka sAtha hotA hai / karmoM ke hI kAraNa jIva meM kaSAya AtA hai aura kaSAya ke hI kAraNa karma ke yogya pudgaloM kA AtmA meM upazleSa hotA hai / isa prakAra dharma paudgalika, mUrta tathA dravyAtmaka hai-bhautika hai-baha Ayatana gheratA hai| jainAcAryoM kI dhAraNA hai ki jisa prakAra pAtravizeSa meM phala-phUla tathA patrAdi kA madirAtmaka pariNAmavizeSa hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM ekatra 'yoga, kalApa tathA yogya pudgaloM' kA bhI jo pariNAma hotA hai-vahI 'karma' hai / kaSAyavaza kAya, vAk, manaHpradeza meM AtmaparispaMda honA hai aura isI parispaMdavaza yogya pudgala khica Ate haiN| isa prakAra karma se AtmA kA baMdha yA saMbaMdha hotA hai aura saMbaMdha hone se vikRti yA guNa pracyuti hotI hai| pravacanasAra ke TIkAkAra amRtacandra sUri kA kahanA hai ki AtmA dvArA prApya hone se kriyA ko karma kahate haiN| usa kriyA ke nimitta se pariNAma vizeSa ko prApta hone vAlA pudgala bhI karma kahA jAtA hai| jina bhAvoM ke dvArA pudgala AkRSTa hokara jIva se sambaddha hote haiM-ve jaina darzana mImAMsA 87 |
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________________ bhAva karma kahalAte haiM aura AtmA meM vikRti utpanna karane vAle pudgalapiMDa ko dravya-karma kahA jAtA hai| paMcAdhyAyI meM to yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki AtmA meM eka vaibhAvikazakti hai jo pudgalapuMja ke nimitta ko pAkara AtmA meM vikRti utpanna karatI hai| yaha vikRti karma aura AtmA ke sambandha se utpanna hone vAlI eka anya hI Agantuka avasthA hai| isa prakAra AtmA zarIra rUpI kAvara meM karmarUpI bhAra kA nirantara vahana karatA rahatA hai| isI se rAhata pAnA hai-AtmA ko nirAvRta karanA hai| AtmA se karma kA sambandha hI 'bandha' kA kAraNa banatA hai| yaha karma yA mUlaka baMdha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-prakRti, sthiti, anubhava yA anubhAga aura pradeza / karma yA bandha kA svabhAva hI hai--Atma kI svabhAvAta vizeSatAoM kA AvaraNa krnaa| 'sthiti' kA artha hai-apane svabhAva se acyuti / svabhAva kA tAratamya anubhava hai aura 'iyattA' pradeza / svabhAva kI dRSTi se 'karma' ATha prakAra ke kahe gae haiM.-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra tathA antraay| inameM se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya tathA antarAya ko ghAtiyA karma kahate haiM, kyoMki ye Atma guNa - jJAna, darzanAdi kA dhyAna karate haiN| avaziSTa cAra aghAtiyA haiM / jIvanmukta ke zarIra se ye sambaddha rahakara bhI usake Atmagata guNoM kA ghAta nahIM krte| hAM, videhamukta 'siddha' meM aghAtiyA karmoM kI bhI sthiti nahIM rhtii| jaina karma siddhAnta meM ina karma bhedoM kA bar3e vistAra se varNana milatA hai| kevala karma prakRti ke hI 148 bheda haiN| sAmAnyataH jJAnAvaraNa ke pAMca, darzanAvaraNa ke nava, vedanIya ke do, mohanIya ke aTThAisa, Ayu ke cAra, nAma ke bayAlisa, gotra ke do tathA antarAya ke cAra bheda haiM / phira inake avAntara bheda haiN| isa karmabaMdha kA jisa prakAra bauddha darzana meM 'cakra' milatA hai vaha karmacakra yahAM bhI AcAryoM ne nirUpita kiyA hai| brAhmaNa darzanoM meM mAnA gayA hai ki kiyA gayA karma apane sUkSma rUpa meM jo saMskAra (adRSTa yA apUrva) rUpa meM chor3ate haiM ve 'saMcita' hote jAte haiN| isa 'saMcita' bhaNDAra kA jo aMza phaladAna ke lie unmukha ho jAtA hai---vaha 'Arabdha' yA 'prArabdha' kahA jAtA hai aura jo tadartha unmukha nahIM hai-vaha 'anArabdha' yA 'saMcita' kahA jAtA hai| kiyA jA rahA karma kriyamANa' hai / isa prakAra 'kriyamANa' se 'saMcita' aura 'saMcita' se 'prArabdha' aura phira 'prArabdha' yoga ke rUpa meM kriyamANa' karma aura phira isase Age-Age kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| bauddha darzana meM use 'avijJapti karma' kahate haiM, jise Upara vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra 'adRSTa' tathA mImAMsA darzana ke anusAra 'apUrva' kahA gayA hai| sAMkhya karma janya sUkSma bAta ko 'saMskAra' nAma se jAnatA hai| avijJaptikarma kA hI sthUla rUpa vijJapti karma hai| vastutaH bauddha darzana meM 'dharma' citta aura caitasika sUkSma tatva haiM jinake ghAta-pratighAta se samasta jagat utpanna hotA hai / eka anya dRSTi se inheM 'saMskRta' aura 'asaMskRta'-do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| inheM 'sAsrava' aura 'anAsraba' nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta dharma hetupratyayajanya hote haiN| isake bhI cAra bhedoM meM do meM se eka hai-rUpa / rUpa ke gyAraha bheda haiM -pAMca indriya aura pAMca viSaya tathA eka avijnypti| cetanAjanya jina karmoM kA phala sadyaH prakaTa hotA hai-- unheM vijJapti' karma kahate haiM aura jinakA kAlAntara meM prakaTa hotA hai unheM 'avijJapti' kahate haiM / inheM 'saMcita' 'prArabdha' ke samAnAntara rakhakara parakha sakate haiM / sAmAnyata: yaha vivecana vaibhASika bauddhoM ke anusAra hai| maharSi kuMdakuMda ne 'paMcAstikAya' meM jaina cintAdhArA ke anurUpa 'karmacakra' ko spaSTa kiyA hai / mithyASTi, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- sabhI baMdha ke kAraNa haiM / yaha to mAnA hI gayA hai ki jIva aura karma kA anAdi sambandha hai / arthAt jIva anAdi kAla se saMsArI hai aura jo saMsArI hai vaha rAga, dveSa Adi bhAvoM ko paidA karatA hai, jinake kAraNa karma Ate haiN| karma se janma lenA par3atA hai, janma lene vAle ko zarIra grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| zarIra se indriyAM hotI haiN| indriyoM dvArA viSayoM kA grahaNa hotA hai aura viSayoM ke kAraNa rAga dveSa hote haiN| aura phira rAga dveSa se paudgalika karmoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha cakra calatA hI rahatA hai| isa karmacakra se mukti pAne ke lie tInoM hI dhArAeM yatnazIla haiM / tadartha kahIM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA kA vidhAna hai aura kahIM samyak darzana, samyak jJAna tathA samyak cAritra tathA kahIM zravaNa, manana tathA nididhyAsana kA upadeza hai| kahIM paramezvara anugraha yA zaktipAta, dIkSA tathA upAya kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra vibhinna mArgoM se hiMdU saMskRti kI vibhinna dhArAoM meM karmacakra se mukti pAne aura svarUpopalabdhi taka pahuMcane kA krama nirdiSTa huA hai / jaina darzana samyak jJAna, samyak darzana tathA samyak cAritra ko sammilita rUpa se mokSa mArga mAnatA hai| karmazabdo'nekArthaH-kvacitkarturIpsitatame vartate, yathA-ghaTaM krotiiti| kvacitpuNyApuNyavacanaH, yathA--'kuzalAkuzalaM karma' (AptamImAMsA, 8) iti| kvacicca kriyAvacanaH, yathA---'utkSepaNamavakSepaNamAkuJcanaM prasAraNaM gamanamiti karmANi' (vaizeSika sUtra, 1/1/7) iti / tatreha (AsravaprakaraNe) kriyAvAcino grahaNam / -tattvArtharAjavAtika, 6/1/3 88 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha