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________________ jaina jyotiSa sAhitya : eka dRSTi DA0 tejasiMha gaur3a, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 ( unhela - jilA ujjaina, ma0 pra0) [hamAre abhinandanIya jyotirvida zrI kastUracanda jI ma0 kA jyotiSa priya viSaya rahA hai / ApazrI kA jyotiSa sambandhI jJAna zAstra tathA anubhava kI kasauTI para kasA huA hai| ataH ApazrI ke abhinandana grantha meM jyotiSa se sambandhita kucha sAmagrI denA bhI prAsaMgika evaM vAMchanIya hai / pAThaka par3heM jyotiSa viSayaka jJAnapUrNa lekha / -saMpAdaka ] mAnava svabhAva se jijJAsu hai / kyoM ? kyA ? kaise ? kaba ? kahA~ ? Adi praznoM kI jAnakArI vaha adhika-se-adhika prApta kara rakhanA cAhatA hai / Adima mAnava bhI prakRti ke vibhinna parivartanoM ko Azcarya se dekhatA hogaa| dina ke bAda rAta aura rAta meM asaMkhya tArAgaNa / koI tArA adhika prakAzamAna to koI madhyama prakAza vAlA / kabhI AkAza meM candramA apanI chaTA bikheratA huA dikhAI detA hai to kabhI ghora a~dherA / candramA kA ghaTanA aura bar3hanA usa mAnava ke lie eka ajIba : rahasya rahA hogA / AkAza kI ora tArAgaNoM kI chaTA nihArate-nihArate ekAeka kisI girate tAre ko dekha vaha cauMka uThatA hogaa| ina saba ke viSaya meM usakI jAnane kI jijJAsA ne isa ora use pravRtta kiyA hogA / phira dina-rAta dina meM samaya nApane kI samasyA bhI AI hogii| dina ke bAda pakSa, pakSa ke bAda mAsa aura varSa kI gaNanA kA vikAsa huA hogA / RtucakroM ke jJAna se mahInoM ke nAmoM ko janma milaa| phira bhI ina sabakA jJAna aura janma kaba aura kisa prakAra bodhagamya huA, nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kahanA kaThina hai / itihAsa sudUra bhUtakAla ke garbha meM chipA huA hai hotA gayA jyotiSa kA bhI vikAsa hotA gayA / jinheM devatA mAnA unake rahasyoM ko ujAgara kara diyA gayA hai vibhinna graha nakSatroM ke rahasyoM ko ujAgara karane meM saMlagna hai / ne kI bhI nahIM hogI / jyotiSazAstra kI vyutpatti "jyotiSAM sUryAdi grahANAM bodhakaM zAstram" se kI gaI hai, arthAt sUryAdi graha aura kAla kA bodha karAne vAle zAstra ko jyotiHzAstra kahA jAtA hai / jyotiSazAstra ke do rUpa mAne jAte haiM - (1) bAhya (2) AbhyaMtarika / bAhya rUpa meM graha, nakSatra, ghUmaketu Adi jyotiH padArthoM kA nirUpaNa evaM graha, nakSatroM kI gati, sthiti aura unake saMcArAnusAra zubhAzubha phaloM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / AbhyaMtarika rUpa meM samasta bhAratIya darzana A jAtA hai / prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko amara mAnA hai / unake matAnusAra usakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai / karmoM ke anAdi pravAha ke kAraNa kevala usake paryAyoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai / kucha manISiyoM kA abhimata hai ki nabhomaNDala meM sthita jyotiH sambandhI vividha 1 bhAratIya jyotiSa -- nemicandra zAstrI, pR0 2 2 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti grantha, pR0 221 hA~, itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jyotiSa kA aura jaise-jaise sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa Aja to sthiti aisI hai ki prAcIna mAnava ne tathA Aja kA vaijJAnika mAnava isakI kalpanA to prAcIna mAnava
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________________ 382 munidvaya abhinandana anya viSayaka vidyA ko jyotividyA kahate haiM, jisa zAstra meM isa vidyA kA sAMgopAMga varNana rahatA hai, vaha jyotiSazAstra hai| isa lakSaNa aura pahale vAle' jyotiSazAstra ke vyutpattyartha meM kevala itanA hI antara hai ki pahale meM gaNita aura phalita donoM prakAra ke vijJAnoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai, para dUsare meM khagola jJAna para hI dRSTivindu rakhA gayA hai| bhAratIya jyotiSa kI paribhASA skandhatraya siddhAnta, horA, aura saMhitA athavA skandhapaJca siddhAnta, horA, saMhitA, prazna aura zakuna ye aMga mAne gaye haiN| yadi virATa paJcaskandhAtmaka paribhASA kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to Aja kA manovijJAna, jIvavijJAna, padArthavijJAna, rasAyanavijJAna, cikitsAzAstra, ityAdi bhI isI ke antarbhUta ho jAte haiN|' jahA~ taka isa vijJAna ke itihAsa kA prazna hai, jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai ki vaha sudUra bhUtakAla ke garbha meM chipA huA hai / yadyapi isakA zRkhalAbaddha itihAsa hameM AryabhaTTa ke samaya se milatA hai tathApi isake pUrva ke grantha veda, aMga sAhitya, brAhmaNa sAhitya, sUryaprajJapti, gargasaMhitA, jyotiSakaraNDaka evaM jyotiSavedAMga Adi granthoM meM jyotiSazAstra viSayaka aneka mahatvapUrNa bAtoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| vaidikakAla meM jyotiSa kA adhyayana hotA thaa| yajurveda meM 'nakSatradarza' kI carcA isakA pramANa hai|4 chAndogya upaniSad meM nakSatra vidyA kA ullekha hai|5 prAcInakAla se jyotiSa veda ke cha: aMgoM meM ginA jAtA rahA hai| Rgveda ke samaya varSa meM bAraha mAsa aura mAsa meM tIsa dina mAne jAte the / 7 adhika mAsa viSayaka jAnakArI bhI Rgveda meM milatI hai| isake atirikta kucha nakSatroM ke nAma bhI Ate haiM jisase patA calatA hai ki usa samaya bhI candramA kI gati para dhyAna diyA jAtA thaa| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki Rgveda koI jyotiSa viSayaka grantha nahIM hai| usameM prasaMgavaza aisI bAteM A gaI haiM jisase hameM usa samaya ke jyotiSa vijJAna viSayaka jJAna kI jAnakArI milatI hai| isake atirikta taittirIya saMhitA meM sattAisa nakSatroM kI sUcI hai, atharvaveda meM grahaNoM kI carcA hai aura kauSItakI brAhmaNa bhI jyotiSa viSayaka jAnakArI upalabdha karAtA hai| lagadha-mUni kA 'jyotiSa vedAMga' hindI jyotiSa vijJAna kA prAcInatama grantha mAnA jAtA hai| usameM kevala sUrya aura candramA kI gatiyoM kA hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM anyAnya grahoM kI carcA bhI nahIM kI gaI hai| jyotiSa vedAMga yA vedAMga jyotiSa eka choTI-sI pustaka hai jisake do pATha milate haiM-eka Rgveda jyotiSa, dUsarA yajurveda jyotiSa / donoM ke viSaya aura adhikAMza 1 jyotiSAM sUryAdi grahANAM bodhakaM zAstram / 2 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 2 3 vahI, pR0 2 4 30110 5 7 / 112, 7 / 114; 7 / 2 / 1; 77 / 1 6 ApastambadharmasUtra 4 / 2 / 8 / 10 7 vikrama smRti grantha, pRSTha 754-55 8 vahI, pRSTha 756-57 6 vahI, pRSTha 757 10 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti grantha, pRSTha 224
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________________ jaina jyotiSa sAhitya : eka dRSTi 383 zloka eka hI haiM / parantu Rgveda jyotiSa meM kula 36 zloka haiM aura dUsare meM 44 / vedAMga jyotiSa meM paJcavarSIya yuga para se uttarAyaNa aura dakSiNAyana ke tithi, nakSatra evaM dinamAna Adi kA sAdhana kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra yuga kA Arambha mAgha zukla pratipadA ke dina sUrya aura candramA ke ghaniSThA nakSatra sahita krAMtivRtta meM pahu~cane para mAnA gayA hai| vedAMga jyotiSa kA racanAkAla kaI zatI IsvI pUrva mAnA jAtA hai / isake racanAkAla kA patA lagAne ke lie vidvAnoM ne jaina jyotiSa ko hI pRSThabhUmi svIkAra kiyA hai| vedAMga jyotiSa para anya graMthoM ke prabhAva kI carcA karate hue paM0 nemicandra zAstrI ne likhA hai, "vedAMga jyotiSa para usake samakAlIna SaTkhaNDAgama meM upalabdha jyotiSa carcA, sUryaprajJapti evaM jyotiSakaraNDaka Adi jaina jyotiSa graMthoM kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai|" jaina grantha yativRSabha kA tiloyapaNNattI, sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti Adi granthoM meM jo vaidika granthoM ke samaya se avazya kucha bAda ke haiM, unameM sAmAnya jagata svarUpa, nAraka loka, bhavanavAsI loka, manuSya loka, vyaMtara loka, jyotirloka, suraloka aura siddhaloka Adi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| yadi jaina 'karaNAnuyoga' grantha yA prAkRta 'loka vibhAga' grantha upalabdha ho jAte to inakI prAcInatA siddha ho sakatI thii| kyoMki yativRSabha ke 'tiloyapaNNattI' kA AdhAra vahI thA aura usa grantha samApti ke samaya uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM zanaizcara, vRSabha meM vRhaspati aura uttarAphAlgunI meM candramA thA tathA zukla-pakSa thaa| isase yaha to pUrNataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki yativRSabha ke samaya nakSatroM, rAziyoM aura grahoM kA pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA thA aura manuSya zubhAzubha ke phala ko jJAta kara dainika kAryoM ke upayoga meM lene laga gaye the| sUryaprajJapti meM 20 pAhuDa haiM, jinake antargata 108 sUtroM meM sUrya tathA candra va nakSatroM kI gatiyoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya jyotiSa sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke adhyayana ke lie yaha racanA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| sUryaprajJapti meM paMcavarSAtmaka yuga kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai, "zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadA ke dina sUrya jisa samaya abhijita nakSatra para pahu~ca jAtA thA usI samaya paMcavarSIya yuga prArambha hotA hai|" sUryaprajJapti kI bhASA prAkRta hai aura malayagirisUri ne saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| isa grantha meM pradhAna rUpa se sUrya ke gamana, Ayu, parivAra aura saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM jambUdvIpa meM do sUrya aura do candramA batAye haiM tathA pratyeka sUrya ke aTThAisa-aTThAisa nakSatra alaga kahe gaye haiN| ina sUryoM kA bhramaNa ekAntara rUpa se hotA hai, jisase darzakoM ko eka hI sUrya dRSTigocara hotA hai / isameM dina, pakSa, mAsa, ayana Adi kA vivaraNa milatA hai| isameM varNita yaha dinamAna saba jagaha eka nahIM hogA, kyoMki hamAre nivAsa rUpI pRthvI, jo ki jambUdvIpa kA eka bhAga hai, samatala nahIM hai / yadyapi jaina mAnyatA meM jambUdvIpa ko samatala mAnA gayA hai, lekina sUrya-prajJapti meM batAyA gayA hai ki pRthvI ke bIca meM himavAn, mahAhimavAn, niSadha, nIla, rukmi aura zikhariNI ina cha: parvatoM ke A jAne se yaha kahIM U~cI aura kahIM nIcI ho gaI hai| 1 vikrama smRti grantha, pRSTha 758 2 varNI abhinandana grantha, pRSTha 466-70 3 vahI, pRSTha 470 4 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti grantha, pRSTha 224 5 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 66 6 varNI abhinandana grantha, pRSTha 470 7 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 60 8 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 61
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________________ 384. munidvaya abhinandana grantha - candraprajJapti apane viSaya vibhAjana va pratipAdana meM sUryaprajJapti se abhinna hai| mUlataH ye donoM avazya apane-apane viSaya meM bhinna rahe hoMge, kintu unakA mizraNa hokara ve prAyaH eka se ho ho gaye haiN| zrI paM0 nemicandra zAstrI ne likhA hai ki isakA viSaya sUryaprajJapti kI apekSA pariSkRta hai| isameM sUrya kI pratidina kI yojanAtmikA gati nikAlI hai tathA uttarAyaNa aura dakSiNAyana kI vIthiyoM kA alaga-alaga vistAra nikAla kara sUrya aura candramA kI gati nizcita kI hai| isake caturtha prAbhRta meM candra aura sUrya kA saMsthAna tathA tApakSetra kA saMsthAna vistAra se batAyA hai| granthakartA ne samacatusra, viSamacatusra Adi vibhinna AkAroM kA khaNDana kara solaha vIthiyoM meM candramA kA samacatusra gola AkAra batAyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki suSamA-suSamA kAla ke Adi meM zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke dina jambUdvIpa kA prathama sUrya pUrvadakSiNa (agnikoNa) meM aura dvitIya sUrya pazcimottara (vAyavyakoNa) meM calA / isI prakAra prathama candramA pUrvottara (IzAnakoNa) meM aura dvitIya candramA pazcima dakSiNa (neRtyakoNa) meM calA / ataeva yugAdi meM sUrya aura candramA kA samacatutra saMsthAna thA, para udaya hote samaya ye graha vatu lAkAra se nikale, ata: candra aura sUrya kA AkAra arddha pITha ardhasamacatura gola batAyA hai| candraprajJapti meM chAyA sAdhana kiyA hai; tathA chAyA pramANa para dinamAna kA bhI pramANa nikAlA hai| jyotiSa kI dRSTi se yaha viSaya mahattvapUrNa hai|3 candraprajJapti ke 19veM prAbhRta meM candramA ko svataH prakAzamAna batalAyA tathA isake ghaTane-bar3hane kA kAraNa bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| 18veM prAbhRta meM candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra aura tArAoM kI U~cAI kA kathana kiyA hai / isa prakaraNa ke prArambha meM anya mAnyatAoM kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai aura anta meM jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra 760 yojana se lekara 900 yojana kI U~cAI ke bIca graha nakSatroM kI sthiti batAyI hai| 20veM prAbhRta meM sUrya aura candra grahaNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA rAhu aura ketu ke paryAyavAcI zabda bhI ginAye gaye haiM, jo Ajakala ke pracalita nAmoM se bhinna haiN| candramA ko svataH prakAzamAna batalAnA vartamAna yuga kI khojoM ke sandarbha meM kitanA satya hai, yaha vidvAna pAThaka svayaM vicAra kara leM / kyoMki vartamAna mAnyatA ThIka isake viparIta hai| 'jyotiSakaraNDaka' nAmaka eka prAcIna grantha hai jise mudrita prati meM 'pUrvabhRda vAlabhya prAcInatarAcArya kRta' kahA gayA hai| isa para pAdaliptasUrikRta TIkA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isa TIkA ke avataraNa malayagiri ne isa grantha para likhI huI apanI saMskRta TIkA meM diye haiN| upalabhya 'jyotiSa-karaNDaka'-prakIrNaka meM 376 gAthAe~ haiM, jinakI bhASA va zailI jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta racanAoM se milatI hai| grantha ke Adi meM kahA gayA hai ki sUryaprajJapti meM jo viSaya vistAra se varNita hai usako yahA~ saMkSepa se pRthak uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| grantha meM kAlapramANa, mAna, adhika mAsa niSpatti, tithi niSpatti, nakSatra, candra-sUrya gati, nakSatra yoga, maNDala vibhAga, ayana AvRtti, muhUrta, gati, Rtu, viSuvata (ahorAtri samatva), vyatipAta, tApa, divasa zuddhi, amAvasa, pUrNamAsI, 1 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 66 2 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 62-63 3 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 63 4 vahI, pRSTha 64 5 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 68 6 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 131
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________________ jaina jyotiSa sAhitya : eka dRSTi 385 pranaSTaparva aura pauruSI ye ikkIsa pAhuDa hai | paM0 nemicandra zAstrI ne isa grantha ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki yaha prAcIna jyotiSa kA maulika grantha hai / isakA viSaya vedAMga jyotiSa ke samAna avikasita avasthA meM hai / isameM bhI nakSatra lagna kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / bhASA evaM racanA zailI Adi ke parIkSaNa se patA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha I0 pU0 300-400 kA hai / isameM lagna ke sambandha meM batAyA gayA hai- laggaM ca dakkhiNAya visuve suvi assa uttaraM ayaNe / laggaM sAI visuvesu paJcasu vi davikhaNe ayaNe // arthAt -- assa yAni azvinI aura sAI yAni svAti ye nakSatra viSuva ke lagna batAye gaye haiM / yahA~ viziSTa avasthA kI rAzi ke samAna viziSTa avasthA ke nakSatroM ko lagna mAnA hai / isa grantha meM kRttikAdi, dhaniSThAdi, bharaNyAdi, zravaNAdi evaM abhijitAdi nakSatra gaNanAoM kI samAlocanA kI gaI hai / isake samakAlIna evaM bAda ke jainetara sAhitya meM jyotiSa kI carcA hai tathA svatantra jyotiSa ke grantha bhI likhe gaye, jo racayitA ke nAma para una siddhAntoM ke nAma se prasiddha hue / varAhamihira ne apane paMcasiddhAntikA nAmaka saMgraha graMtha meM pitAmaha siddhAnta, vasiSTha siddhAnta, romaka siddhAnta, pauliza siddhAnta aura sUrya siddhAnta ina pA~ca siddhAntoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai / DA0 thIbo ne paMcasiddhAntika kI aMgrejI bhUmikA meM pitAmaha siddhAnta ko sUrya prajJapti aura RjyotiSa ke samAna prAcIna batAyA hai, lekina parIkSaNa karane para isakI itanI prAcInatA mAlUma nahIM par3atI hai / brahmagupta aura bhAskarAcArya ne pitAmaha siddhAnta ko AdhAra mAnA hai / prastuta nibandha meM ina pAMcoM siddhAntoM kI tathA brahmagupta ke brahmasphuTika siddhAnta kI carcA karanA viSayetara hI hogA / astu, yahA~ unakA nAmollekha hI paryApta hai| isake sAtha hI eka bAta aura spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki yaha eka nibandha hai, pustaka nahIM / ataH samasta jaina jyotiSa sAhitya kA vivecana sambhava nahIM hogA / pramukha jaina jyotiSAcAryoM evaM unake dvArA racita sAhitya kA vivaraNa hI diyA jA sakegA / RSiputra - ye jaina dharmAvalambI the tathA jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAna the| inake vaMza Adi ke sambandha meM samyak paricaya nahIM milatA hai / lekina Catalogue Catalogorum meM inheM AcArya garga kA putra batAyA hai / 3 garga muni jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAna the, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai / AryabhaTTa ke pahale hue jyotiSiyoM meM se garga kI carcA kaI sthAnoM para AtI hai / mahAbhArata meM likhA hai ki garga maharSi rAjA pRthu ke jyotiSI the / unako kAla kA jJAna vizeSa rUpa se acchA thA / unakA gArgI saMhitA aba lupta ho gayA hai, parantu sambhava hai gaNita jyotiSa ke badale isameM phalita jyotiSa kI bAteM hI adhika rahI hoM / varAhamihira ne apane phalita jyotiSa ke grantha vRhatsaMhitA meM garga se kaI avataraNa diye haiN| zrI prakAzacandra pANDyA inakA samaya I0 pU0 180 yA 100 batAte hue likhate haiM, "mere khyAla se ye gargamuni ke putra nahIM balki ziSya ho sakate haiM / "5 zrI nemicandra zAstrI likhate haiM ki inakA ( RSiputra kA nAma bhI isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki yaha 1 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 18 2 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 64-65 3 pRSTha, 73 4 vikrama smRti graMtha, pRSTha 760 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti graMtha, pRSTha 227 5 6 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 104
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________________ 386 munidvaya abhinandana grantha kisI muni ke putra the| RSiputra kA vartamAna meM eka 'nimittazAstra' upalabdha hai| inake dvArA racI gaI eka saMhitA kA bhI madanaratna nAmaka graMtha meM ullekha milatA hai| ina AcArya ke uddharaNa vRhatsaMhitA kI bhaTTotpalI TIkA meM milate haiN| isase inakA samaya varAhamihira ke pUrva meM hai| inhoMne apane vRhajjAtaka ke 26veM adhyAya ke 5veM padya meM kahA hai, "munimatAnyavalokya samyagghorA varAhamihiro rucirAMcakArA" isase spaSTa hai ki varAhamihira ke pUrva horA sambandhI paramparA vidyamAna thii| isI paramparA meM RSiputra hue| RSiputra kA prabhAva varAhamihira kI racanAoM para spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| saMhitA viSaya kI prArambhika racanA hone ke kAraNa RSiputra kI racanAoM meM viSaya kI gambhIratA nahIM hai / kisI eka hI viSaya para vistAra se nahIM likhA hai| sUtrarUpa meM prAyaH saMhitA ke pratipAdya sabhI viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| zakunazAstra kA nirmANa inhoMne kiyA hai| apane nimittazAstra meM inhoMne pRthvI para dikhAI dene vAle, AkAza meM dRSTigocara hone vAle aura vibhinna prakAra ke zabda zravaNa dvArA phalAphala kA acchA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| varSotpAta, devotpAta, tejotpAta ulkotpAta, gandharvotpAta ityAdi aneka utpAtoM dvArA zubhAzubhatva kI mImAMsA bar3e sUndara DhaMga se inake nimittazAstra meM milatI hai| kAlakAcArya-ye nimitta aura jyotiSa ke vidvAna the| ye madhya dezAMtargata the aura yavana dezAdi meM gaye the tathA usa deza se ramala vidyA yahA~ lAye the| isakA ullekha bhojasAgaragaNi nAmaka vidvAna ne apane saMskRta bhASA ke "ramalazAstra' viSayaka graMtha meM kiyA hai / 2 jaina paramparA meM jyotiSa ke pravartakoM meM inakA mukhya sthAna hai| yadi yaha AcArya nimitta aura saMhitA nirmANa na karate to uttaravartI jaina lekhaka jyotiSa ko pApatha ta samajhakara achutA hI chor3a dete| - isake bAda jyotiSa ke vikAsa kI dhArA Age bar3hatI hai| kucha loga IsvI san 600-700 ke AsapAsa bhArata meM prazna aMga kA grIka aura araboM ke samparka se vikAsa huA batalAte haiM tathA isa aMga kA mUlAdhAra bhI ukta dezoM ke jyotiSa ko mAnate haiM para yaha galata mAlUma par3atA hai / kyoMki jaina jyotiSa jisakA mahattvapUrNa aMga praznazAstra hai, IsvI san kI cauthI aura pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM pUrNa vikasita thaa| isa mAnyatA meM bhadrabAhu viracita "arhaccUr3AmaNisAra" praznagraMtha prAcIna aura maulika mAnA gayA hai| Age ke praznagranthoM kA vikAsa isI graMtha kI mUla bhitti para huA pratIta hotA hai| jaina mAnyatA meM pracalita praznazAstra kA vizleSaNa karane se pratIta hotA hai ki isakA bahuta kucha aMza manovijJAna ke antargata hI AtA hai / grIkoM se jisa praznazAstra ko bhArata ne grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha uparyukta praznazAstra se vilakSaNa hai|4 IsA kI pAMcavIM sadI ke uparAMta jaina jyotiSa sAhitya meM paryApta abhivRddhi huii| jaina jyotiSAcAryoM ne bhI muktahasta se isa viSaya para apanI kalama calAI aura yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja jaina jyotiSa graMthoM kA vipula bhaNDAra bharA par3A hai| aba to mAtra unakI khoja, adhyayana aura prakAzana kI AvazyakatA hai| vistArabhaya ke kAraNa maiM una sabakA yahA~ vivaraNa na dekara kucha viziSTa jaina jyotiSa sAhitya racayitA aura unake graMthoM kA nAmollekha hI kruuNgaa| yathA 1 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 105 2 bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti grantha, pRSTha 227-228 3 bhAratIya jyotiSa, pRSTha 107 4 vahI, pRSTha 115
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________________ jaina jyotiSa sAhitya : eka dRSTi 387 (1) mahAvIrAcArya - ye jainadharmAvalambI the evaM gaNita ke dhurandhara vidvAna the / inake dvArA race gaye jyotiSapaTala evaM gaNitasAra nAmaka graMtha milate haiM / (2) candrasena - inake dvArA racita 'kevalajJAna horA' nAmaka eka vizAlakAya mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai / (3) zrIdharAcArya - ye karNATaka prAMta ke nivAsI the / inake graMthoM ke nAma isa prakAra milate haiM - ( 1 ) jAtakatilaka yA horAzAstra ( 2 ) jyotirjJAnavidhi yA zrIkaraNa ( 3 ) gaNitasAra yA trizatikA inake dvArA bIjagaNita evaM lIlAvatI nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / (4) durgadeva - ye uttara bhArata meM kumbhanagara ke rahane vAle the / inhoMne apane riSTasamuccaya kI racanA saM0 1086 meM kI / anya racanAoM meM arddha karaNa aura maMtramahodadhi hai jo ki prAkRta meM hai / (5) malliSeNa -- inakA graMtha 'AyasadbhAva' praznazAstra phalita jyotiSa kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai | aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai / varta - prazna caturviMzatikA, (4) janma samudra (6) naracandra upAdhyAya -- inhoMne jyotiSazAstra ke mAna meM inake (1) ber3AjAtakavRtti, (2) praznazataka, (3) saTIka, (5) lagnavicAra aura (6) jyotiSa prakAza nAmaka graMtha upalabdha haiM / (7) samantabhadra - inake dvArA likhA huA graMtha ' kevalajJAna prazna cUr3AmaNi' hai / racanA zailI kI dRSTi se graMtha kA racanAkAla 12vIM - 13vIM sadI pratIta hotA hai / (8) hemaprabhasUri - inake dvArA racita graMtha trailokya prakAza hai Apane hI likhA hai / 'meghamAlA' nAmaka graMtha bhI - (e) harikalaza - ye kharataragaccha ke the / inhoMne I0 san 1564 meM nAgaura meM jyotiSasAra nAmaka mahattvapUrNa graMtha kI racanA prAkRta meM kI hai / (10) meghavijayagaNi-- ye jyotiSazAstra ke prakANDa vidvAna the / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1737 ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| inake dvArA racita meghamahodaya yA varSa prabodha, udaya dIpikA, ramalazAstra aura hastIsaMjIvana Adi mukhya haiM / praznasundarI aura vizAyaMtravidhi bhI inake dvArA race gaye / (11) mahimodaya - inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1722 ke AsapAsa batAyA jAtA hai / ye gaNita aura phalita donoM prakAra ke jyotiSa ke vidvAn the / inake dvArA racita jyotiSa ratnAkara, gaNita sATha sau paMcAGgAnayanavidhi graMtha kahe jAte haiM / (12) ubhayakuzala - inakA samaya saM0 1737 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / ye phalita jyotiSa ke acche jJAtA the| inhoMne vivAha paTala, camatkAra ciMtAmaNi TavA nAmaka do jyotiSa graMthoM kI racanA kI hai / (13) labdhicandragaNi--ye kharataragacchIya kalyANanidhAna ke ziSya the / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1751 ke kArtika mAsa meM janmapatrI paddhati nAmaka eka vyavahAropayogI jyotiSa kA graMtha banAyA hai / (14) bAghajI muni - ye pArzvacandra gacchIya zAkhA ke muni the / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1783 mAnA jAtA hai / inhoMne 'tithi sAriNI' nAmaka eka jyotiSa kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhA hai, isake atirikta inake do tIna phalita jyotiSa ke bhI muhUrtta sambandhI graMthoM kA patA lagatA hai / (15) yazasvatasAgara - inakA dUsarA nAma jasavantasAgara bhI batAyA jAtA 1 ye jyotiSa, nyAya, vyAkaraNa aura darzanazAstra ke dhurandhara vidvAna the / inhoMne grahalAghava ke Upara
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________________ 388 munidvaya abhinandana grantha vArtika nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / vi0 saM0 1762 meM janma kuNDalI viSaya ko lekara 'yazorAja paddhati' nAmaka eka vyavahAropayogI graMtha likhA hai / isI prakAra aura bhI anekoM jaina jyotiSAcArya ho cuke haiM jinhoMne jaina jyotiSa sAhitya meM abhivRddhi kI hai / eka bAta spaSTa hai ki prAcInakAla se hI jaina jyotiSAcArya isa vijJAna meM ruci lete rahe haiM / isakI prAcInatA para DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ne likhA hai, "jaina jyotiSa kI prAcInatA kA eka pramANa paMcavarSAtmika yuga meM vyatIpAta Anayana kI prakriyA hai / vedAMga jyotiSa se bhI pahale isa prakriyA kA pracAra bhArata meM thA / "2 DA0 zAstrI ne Age likhA, "nakSatroM ke sambandha meM jitanA UhApoha jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai, utanA anya logoM ne nahIM / praznavyAkaraNAMga meM nakSatra yogoM kA varNana vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai / isameM nakSatroM ke kula, upakula aura kulopakula kA nirUpaNa batAyA hai / " 3 jainAcAryoM ne jyotiSa ke vividha aMgoM para prakAza DAlA hai / DaoN0 zAstrI kahate haiM, "viSaya vicAra kI dRSTi se jaina jyotiSa ko pradhAnataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - eka gaNita aura dUsarA phalita / gaNita jyotiSa meM saiddhAMtika dRSTi se gaNita kA mahattva - pUrNa sthAna hai, grahoM kI gati, sthiti, vakrI, mArgI, madhyaphala, mandaphala, sUkSmaphala, kujyA, trijyA, bANa, cApa, vyAsa, paridhiphala, evaM kendraphala Adi kA pratipAdana binA gaNita jyotiSa ke nahIM ho sakatA hai / AkAza maMDala meM vikIrNita tArikAoM kA grahoM ke sAtha kaba kaisA sambandha hai, isakA jJAna bhI gaNita prakriyA se hI sambhava hai jainAcAryoM ne gaNita jyotiSa sambandhI viSaya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie pATIgaNita, bIjagaNita, rekhAgaNita, trikoNamiti, golIya rekhAgaNita, cApIya evaM vakrIya trikoNamiti, pratibhAgaNita, zrRMgonnatigaNita, paMcAMganirmANa gaNita, janmapatranirmANa gaNita, grahayuti, udayAsta sambandhI gaNita evaM mantrAdi sAdhana sambandhI gaNita pratipAdana kiyA hai / 4 1 kramAMka 1 se 15 taka jyotiSAcAryoM ke dvArA racita jyotiSa sAhitya ke vizeSa adhyayana hetu dekheM-- (1) bhAratIya jyotiSa - zrI nemicandra zAstrI (2) jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI (3) gaNitasAra saMgraha - saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye va anya ( 4 ) Ganitatilak by Sripati --Edt. H. R. Kapadia. (5) jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 14, ki0 1, 2, bhAga 13 ki0 2 (6) dugadevAcAryakRta ziSTasamuccaya - saM0 a0 sa0 gopANI ( 7 ) Jainism in Rajasthan -- Dr. K. C. Jain ( 8 ) kevalajJAna prazna cUr3AmaNi - saM0 DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI (2) jaina vAGmaya kA prAmANika sarvekSaNa - sohanI (10) Trailokya Prakash - Edt. AcArya rAmasvarUpa zarmA (11) jinaratnakoza - pro0 eca0 DI0 belaNakara (12) jyotiSasAra saMgraha - saM0 paM0 bhagavAnadAsa jaina (13) hIrakalaza jaina jyotiSa - saM0 zAstrI di0 ma0 jAnI (14) prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa- DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina (15) History of Classical Sanskrit Literature - N. Krishnamachariar. 2 kevalajJAna prazna cUr3AmaNi, prastAvanA, pRSTha 3 vahI, pRSTha 4 vahI, pRSTha 6 3 4
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________________ jaina jyotiSa sAhitya : eka dRSTi 386 uparyukta vivaraNa ko dekhate hue hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki jainAcAryoM ne jyotiSa para paryApta rUpa se sAhitya sRjana kara dizAdAna diyA hai| aba yadi unake dvArA diye gaye mArgadarzana kA lAbha hama nahIM uThAte haiM, to yaha hamArA durbhAgya hI hai| Aja bhI jainAcAryoM dvArA praNIta anekAneka graMtha chipe hue par3e haiN| aise chipe hue graMthoM meM anya viSayoM ke sAtha-sAtha jyotiSa ke graMthoM kI bhI upalabdhi sambhava hai| jainAcAryoM ne jyotiSa sAhitya kI apanI gaMgA ko na kevala uttarI bhArata meM hI bahAyA varan usakA prasAra hameM dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI milatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina jyotiSa sAhitya jitanA prAcIna hai, utane hI vyApaka rUpa se likhA bhI gayA hai| aba to kevala usako prakAza meM lAne kI AvazyakatA hai jisase jaina mAnyatAoM kA udghATana ho ske| vizvAsa hai ki jijJAsU vidvAna evaM anusandhAnakartA isa dizA meM kucha kreNge|