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________________ jaina hindI-kAvya meM vyavahRta saMkhyAparaka kAvya-rUpa -DaoN0 mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA vaidika tathA bauddha dhArAoM ke samAna hI janajIvana ko jaina saMskRti aura sAhitya ne prabhAvita kiyA hai / jaina AcAryoM aura maniyoM ne vizvamaMgala aura loka kalyANa ke nimitta anubhUti kA jo upadeza diyA hai, jIvana aura jagat kI nigar3hatama samasyAoM para jo samAdhAna diyA hai aura AtmalIna hokara zAstra-svAdhyAya se jo vANI vividha kAvyarUpoM meM prasphuTita huI hai unakA samavAya hameM jaina hindI kaviyoM kI kAnyakRtiyoM meM sahaja hI upalabdha hotA hai| bhAva athavA vicAra abhivyakta hokara jo rUpa athavA AkAra grahaNa kiyA karate haiM kAlAntara meM vahI rUpa kAvyarUpa kI saMjJA prApta karatA hai| pandrahavIM zatI se lekara unnIsavIM pAtI taka hindI sAhitya meM aneka kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga huA hai| yahAM hama saMkhyAparaka kAvyarUpoM kI sthiti para saMkSepa meM vicAra kreNge| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI dRSTi se hama kAvya rUpa ko do pramukha bhedoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM / yathA1. nibaddha kAvyarUpa 2. muktaka kAvyarUpa saMkhyA aura chanda muktaka kAvyarUpa ke do pramukha aMga haiN| vivecya kAvya meM jina saMkhyAparaka kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga haA hai. unheM akArAdi krama se isa rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-aSTapadI, caturdazI, cAlIsA, caubIsI, chattIsI, pacIsI, paMcAsikA. paMcazatI, battIsI, bahattarI, bArahamAsA, bAvanI, zataka, SaTpada, satasaI aura sattarI nAmaka solaha pramukha kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga-prasaMga draSTavya hai| aba yahA~ ina kAvyarUpoM kA kramaza: adhyayana kreNge| aSTapabI-aSTaka aura aSTapadI nAmaka saMjJAoM meM vyavahRta yaha kAvyarUpa ATha kI saMkhyA para Adhuta hai| vivecya kAlA stavana kI bhAMti muktaka rUpa meM yaha kAvyarUpa prayukta hai| aThArahavIM zatI ke yazovijaya upAdhyAya', zrI vidyAsAgara tathA bhgvtiidaa| dvArA racita hindI kAvyakRtiyoM meM aneka bAra aSTapadI nAmaka kAvyarUpa prayukta huA hai| satI -isa kAvyarUpa meM caudaha kI saMkhyA kA mahattva hai / kisI svatatra bhAvanA ko kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti jaba caudaha chandoM meM pUrNa ho jAtI hai taba use caturdazI kahA jAtA hai / satrahavIM zatI ke prasiddha AdhyAtmika kavi banArasIdAsa ke dvArA praNIta caturdazI kA ullekha milatA hai / ' cAlIsA-cAlIsA kAvyarUpa meM cAlIsa kI saMkhyA hotI hai / bhaktyAtmaka kAvyakRtiyA mukhyata: isa kAvyarUpa meM racI gaI haiN| loka meM hanumAnacAlIsA suprasiddha bhaktikAvya hai| aThArahavIM zatI meM jana hindI kavi bhavAnIdAsa dvArA racita AdhyAtmika cAlIsA prasiddha hai| caubIsI-isa kAvyarUpa kA mUlAdhAra caubIsa saMkhyA hai / caubIsa chandoM kI saMkhyA vastuta: caubIsI kahalAtI hai| vivecya kAvya meM makhyataH caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM se sambandhita bhaktyAtmaka kAvyaracanA caubIsI kAvyarUpa meM vyavahRta huI hai| aThArahavIM zatI ke jinaharSa', bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa tathA bulAkI dAsa kI caubIsiyAM prasiddha haiN| chasIsI-chattIsI kA malodgama apabhraza bhASA meM sannihita hai| jaina hindI kAvya meM yaha kAvyarUpa satrahavIM zatASTI meM vyavahata hai| kuzala lAbha aura udayarAja jatI" dvArA racita chattItiyAM ullikhita haiM / aThArahavIM pAtI ke jinaharSa2 aura bhavAnIdAsa viracita chattIsiyAM bhI prasiddha haiN| 144 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ paccIsI-paccIsI kA apara nAma pacIsIkA bhI prApta hai| isa kAvyarUpa meM pacIsa kI saMkhyA rahatI hai para kaviyoM dvArA do-tIna adhika padyoM kA likhanA prAyaH pracalita hai| isameM dhArmika, dArzanika tathA upadezaparaka bAtoM kA vivecana hotA hai / satrahavIM zatI ke kavi banArasIdAsa" dvArA racita pacIsI kAvya upalabdha hai / aThArahavIM zatI ke kavivara rAmacandra, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa," dhyAnatarAya", bhUdharadAsa" tathA unnIsavIM zatI ke kavi vinodI lAla" dvArA racita aneka pacIsiyAM upalabdha haiN| paMcAsikA-isa kAvyarUpa meM pacAsa padoM kA samAveza rahatA hai / isameM nIti, upadeza tathA kalyANakArI bAtoM kA citraNa huA hai| vivecya kAvya meM yaha satrahavIM zatI meM sarvaprathama kavivara sundaradAsa dvArA racI gaI hai| aThArahavIM zatI ke kavivara dhyAnatarAya" aura bihArIdAsa ne svataMtra paMcAsikA kAvyarUpa kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| paMcazatI-isa kAvyarUpa meM pAMca sau padyoM athavA chandoM kA prayoga huA karatA hai| isa kAvyarUpa kA prayoga-pracalana prAyaH avaruddha ho gyaa| unnIsavIM zatI ke kavivara kSatrapati dvArA paMcazatI kA prayoga huA hai| battIsI- isa kAvyarUpa meM battIsa saMkhyA kA prayoga hotA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne tIrthaMkaroM, muniyoM ke guNoM para AdhRta battIsiyAM likhI haiM / satrahavIM zatI ke kavivara harikalaza" tathA banArasIdAsa dvArA battIsI kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| aThArahavIM mattI ke kavivara ajayarAja pATanI", bhavAnIdAsa", lakSmIvallabha", bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa", acalakIrti" tathA manarAma" dvArA vibhinna pattIsiyAM racI gaI haiN| bahattarI-bahattarI kAvyarUpa meM bahattara saMkhyA ko mahattva diyA jAtA hai| isakA prayoga aThArahavIM zatI meM pracalita rahA hai|" Anandaghana" tathA jinaraMgasUri" dvArA viracita bahattariyAM ullekhanIya haiN| bArahamAsA-bArahamAsA saMkhyAparaka loka kAvyarUpa hai|" isameM varSa ke bAraha mahInoM kA prayoga hotA hai| isa kAvyarUpa dvArA vipralambha zRgAra kA prayoga huA hai| isake atirikta saMyoga zRgAra, SaTaRtu varNana, bhakti tathA siddhAnta, putra-viyoga, samAja. sudhAra, nIti tathA anubhava kI bAtoM ke lie isa kAvyarUpa kA vyavahAra draSTavya hai / " yaha kAvyarUpa hindI meM bArahavIM zatI se prayukta humA hai| vinaya candrasUri hindI bArahamAsA kAvyarUpa ke Adi kavi mAne jAte haiM / satrahavIM aura aThArahavIM zatI meM isa kAvya kA sarvAdhika prayoga huA hai / satrahavIM zatI ke kavivara ralakIrti", kumudacandra", bhagavatIdAsa dvArA bArahamAsA race gae haiN| aThArahavIM zatI ke jinaharSa", lakSmI vallabha," vinodI lAna" tathA bhavAnIdAsa" viracita bArahamAsA ullekhya haiN| unnIsavIM zatI ke zAntiharSa tathA nayanasukhadAsa" viracita bArahamAsA kAvya bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| bAvanI-isa kAvyarUpa meM bAvana chandoM kA vyavahAra hotA hai| pandrahavIM zatI se yaha kAvyarUpa varSoM ke AdhAra para likhane ke kAraNa kakkA tathA mAtRkA nAmoM se vyavahRta hotA rahA hai|" hindI meM taba isa prakAra kI kRtiyoM ko 'akharAvaTa' kahA jAtA thaa|" pandrahavIM zatI ke jayasAgara" viracita bAvanI kAvyakRti ullekhanIya hai / solahavIM zatI ke chIhala", satrahavIM zatI ke udayarAjajatI," horAnandamuni52 dvArA racita kAvya prasiddha haiN| aThArahavIM zatI meM yaha kAvyarUpa sarvAdhika vyavahRta huA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa" hemarAja, manoharadAsa", jinaharSa, jinaraMgasUri", khetala", lakSmIballabha" dvArA racita kAvyakRtiyoM meM isa kAvyarUpa kA vyavahAra huA hai| zataka-zataka eka saMkhyAparaka kAvyarUpa hai / isameM sau kI saMkhyA kA mahattva hai| yaha kAvyarUpa saMskRta se apabhraMza bhASA meM hotA huA hindI meM avatarita huA hai| hindI jaina zataka kAvya kI eka sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai| satrahavIM zatI meM kavivara nila", rUpacandra pANDe dvArA racita zataka ullikhita haiN| aThArahavIM zatI meM bhavAnIdAsa", bhUdharadAsa," bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa", hemarAja", yazovijaya" tathA unnIsavIM zatI meM kavivara vRndAvanadAsa", budhajana" tathA vAsI lAla kRta zataka kAvya ullekhanIya haiN| yaha kAvyarUpa bIsavIM zatI meM bhI samAdRta rahA hai / kavayitrI campAbAI" tathA padmacandra jaina bhagatajI" kRta zataka bahucarcita haiN| ina sabhI zataka kAvya kRtiyoM meM jaina-darzana tathA saMskRti kI vizada vyaMjanA huI hai| SaTpada-aSTaka kI bhAMti SaTpadoM kI racanA ko SaTpada nAmaka kAvyarUpa saMjJA se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| aThArahavIM zatI ke kavivara vidyAsAgara" kRta SaTpada ullekhanIya haiN| satasaI-yaha saMkhyAparaka kAvya hai| yaha bhI apabhraMza se hindI meM gRhIta huA hai| isameM sAta sau se adhika chandoM kA vyavahAra hotA hai| gAthA saptazatI ke AdhAra para hindI meM yaha satasaI khlaayaa|" satrahavIM zatI meM kavivara sundaradAsa' tathA unnIsavIM zatI meM kavivara budhajana" dvArA isa kAvyarUpa kA vyavahAra huA hai| ina kAvyoM meM nIti, upadeza tathA AdhyAtmika parcAe bhabhivyakta huI haiN| nana sAhityAnuzIlana 145
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________________ satarI-yaha loka kA saMkhyAparapha kAvyarUpa hai| isameM sattara kI saMkhyA kA prayoga hotA hai / satrahavIM zatI meM kavivara sahaja. kIti" dvArA isa kAvyarUpa kA prayoga huA hai| isameM sapta vyasanoM kA sundara vivecana milatA hai| isa prakAra hindI ke jaina kaviyoM dvArA apanI bhaktyAtmaka, AdhyAtmika, nIti aura upadezaparaka bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti ke lie upayukta aneka saMkhyAparaka kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga huA hai| inameM aneka kAvyarUpa paramparAnumodita haiM kintu aneka kAvyarUpoM ke vyavahAra kA dAyitva ina jaina kaviyoM va AcAryoM para nirbhara karatA hai jinhoMne janasAdhAraNa meM kalyANakArI bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti ke lie inheM gRhIta kiyaa| unake isa prayatna se kAvyarUpa paramparA bhI pronnata huI hai| 1. Anandaghana aSTapadI (zrI yazovijaya upAdhyAya), 2. darzanASTaka (zrI vidyAsAgara), 3. mUDhASTaka (bhagavatIdAsa), 4. bhavasindhu caturdazI (banArasIdAsa), 5. jJAnachanda cAlIsA (bhavAnIdAsa) 6. caubIsI (jinaharSa), 7. subiddhi caubIsI (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 8. jaina caubIsI (bulAkI dAsa), 6. hindI kAvyarUpoM kA adhyayana, pRSTha 125 (DA0 rAmabAbU zarmA), 10. sthUlabhadra chattIsI (kuzala lAbha), 11. bhajana chattIsI (udayarAja jatI), 12. upadeza chattIsI (jinaharSa), 13. sUradhA chattIsI (bhavAnI dAsa), 14. ziva pacIsI (banArasIdAsa), 15. samAdhi pacIsI (rAmacandra), 16. vairAgya pacIsikA (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 17. dharma pacIsI (dhyAnatarAya), 18. hukkA pacIsI (bhUdharadAsa), 16. rAjula pacIsI tathA phulamAlA pacIsI (vinodI lAla), 20. pAkhaMDa paMcAsikA (sundaradAsa), 21. AdhyAtmika paMcAsikA (dhyAnatarAya), 22. saMbodhi pacAsikA (bihArIdAsa), 23. madanamohana paMca za tI (kSa trapatI), 24. siMhAsana batIsI (harikalaza), 25. dhyAna battIsI (banArasIdAsa), 26. kakkA battIsI (ajayarAja pATanI), 27. kakkA battIsI (bhavAnIdAsa), 28. cetana battIsI tathA upadeza battIsI (lakSmIballabha), 26. mana battIsI aura svapna battIsI (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 30. karma battIsI (acalakIrti), 31. battIsI (manarAma), 32. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR0 204 (DA. prema sAgara jaina), 33. Anandadhana bahattarI (Anandaghana), 34. raMga bahattarI (jinaraMga sUri), 35. hindI kA bArahamAsA sAhitya : usakA itihAsa tathA adhyayana, pRSTha 10 (DA. mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA), 36. jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya malyAMkana, pRSTha 51 (DA0 pracaMDiyA), 37. neminAtha bArahamAsA arthAt neminAtha catuSpadikA (vinayacandra sUri), 38. neminAtha bArahamAsA (ratnakIrti), 36. neminAtha bArahamAsA (kumudacandra), 40. laghu sItA bArahamAsA (bhagavatIdAsa), 41. rAjamatI bArahamAsA (jinaharSa), 42. nemirAjula bArahamAsA (lakSmIballabha), 43. nemirAjula bArahamAsA (vinodIlAla), 44. adhyAtma bArahamAsA aura sumati kumati bArahamAsA, neminAtha bArahamAsA (bhavAnI dAsa), 45. neminAtha bArahamAsA (zAnti harSa), 46. vraja ratna munivara kA bArahamAsA (nainasukhadAsa), 47. hindI kAvyarUpoM kA adhyayana, pRSTha 122 (DA. rAmabAbU zarmA) 46. prAcIna kAvyoM kI paramparA, puSTha 13 (zrA agara candra nAhaTA), 46. aSTApada tIrtha bAvanI (jayasAgara), 50. nAma bAvanI (chIhala kavi), 51. guNa bAvanI (udayarAja jatI), 52. adhyAtma bAvanI (hIrAnanda sUri), 53. jJAna bAvanI (banArasIdAsa), 54. hitopadeza bAvanI (hemarAja), 55. cintAmaNi mAna bAvanI (manoharadAsa), 56. jasarAja bAvanI (jinaharSa), 57 prabodha bAvanI (jinaraMga sUri), 58. bAvanI (khetala kavi), 56. dahA bAvanI (lakSmIballabha), 60. padama zataka, bhUmikA pRSTha 5 DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA), 61. candra zataka (tribhuvana), 62. paramArthI zataka (rUpacandra pauDe), 63. phuTakara zataka (bhavAnIdAsa), 64. jaina zataka (bhadharadAsa), 65. paramAtma zataka (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 66. upadeza dohA zataka (hemarAja), 67. sAmya zataka (yazovijaya), 68. chanda zataka (vRndAvanadAsa), 66. devAnurAga zataka (budhajana), 70. devAnurAga zataka (bAsI lAla), 71. camA zataka (campAbAI), 72. padama zataka (padamacandra jaina bhagata jI), 73. jina janmamahotsava SaTpada (vidyAsAgara), 74. jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya mUlyAMkana, pRSTha 64 (DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA), 75. sundara satasaI (sundaradAsa), 76. budhajana satasaI (kavivara budhajana), 77. vyasana sattarI (sahajakIti), 78. jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya mUlyAMkana, pR0 64 (DA0 mahendrasAgara prcNddiyaa)| 146 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha