Jain Evam Bauddh Dharm

Author(s): Komalchandra Jain
Publisher: Z_Jain_Vidya_evam_Prakrit_014026_HR.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212324/1

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jaina evaM bauddhadharma DaoN. komalacandra jaina zramaNa saMskRti kI do pramukha dhArAe~ Aja bhI bhAratIya saMskRti meM apane prabhAvazAlI astitva ke sAtha pravAhita haiN| unameM se eka dhArA jainadharma ke rUpa meM tathA dUsarI dhArA bauddhadharma ke rUpa meM pA~ca vratoM tathA pA~ca zIloM kA upadeza janakalyANa ke lie de rahI hai| jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma meM aneka samAnatAe~ hai| inhIM samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para pro. lAsena Adi vidvAnoM ne buddha evaM mahAvIra ko eka hI vyakti batA diyA / kucha samaya bAda pro. vebara ne yaha khoja kI ki mahAvIra evaM buddha do alaga-alaga vyakti the, kintu jainadharma bauddhadharma kI eka zAkhA mAtra hai| isa khoja se jainadharma ko pRthak dharma na mAnakara kucha dinoM taka bauddhadharma kI zAkhA mAtra mAnA gayA / anta meM pro. yAkobI ne ukta mata kA khaNDana karate hue yaha siddha kiyA ki jainadharma bauddhadharma se pRthak na kevala svatantra dharma hai, apitu vaha bauddhadharma se prAcIna bhI hai| buddha ke samakAlIna mahAvIra to jainadharma ke antima tIrthakara mAtra the| ukta matoM se jahA~ yaha siddha hotA hai ki jainadharma eka svatantra evaM bauddhadharma se prAcIna dharma hai, vahIM yaha bhI pramANita hotA hai ki ina donoM dharmoM meM aneka samAnatAe~ haiM, anyathA pro. lAsena evaM pro. vebara ko ekatva kA bhrama na hotA / aba prazna yaha hai ki ve kauna-sI samAnatAe~ haiM jinake AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ko bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn buddha meM ekatva kA bhAna huA tathA kucha ko jainadharma bauddhadharma kI zAkhA mAtra pratIta huaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yadi una samAnatAoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yadi donoM dharmoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAe to zramaNa saMskRti kA eka sundara rUpa upasthita ho sakatA hai| durbhAgyavaza ina donoM dharmoM meM nihita asamAnatAoM ko mahattva dete hue una dharmoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa ye donoM dharma na kevala eka-dUsare se asambaddha pratIta hote haiM, apitu virodhI bhI lagate haiN| ina donoM dharmoM kA jo vyAkhyAparaka sAhitya hai usameM asamAnatA ko hI pramukha AdhAra banAkara eka dusare kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| pariNAma svarUpa jaba jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma se anabhijJa koI jijJAsu pAThaka donoM dharmoM ke vyAkhyAparaka sAhitya ko par3hatA hai to vaha yahI niSkarSa nikAlane ke lie vivaza ho jAtA hai ki ye donoM dharma na kevala eka dUsare ke pratikUla haiM apitu bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn buddha svayaM saiddhAntika matabheda rakhate the| aura jaba isa prakAra ke niSkarSa prakAzita kiye jAte haiM to usase zramaNa saMskRti kI chavi dhUmila hI hotI hai| parisaMvAda-4

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jaina evaM bauddhadharma Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki vibhinnatA meM ekatA kI khoja kI jAe aura usI ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdhakara zramaNa saMskRti ke AdarzoM ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAyA jaae| zramaNa saMskRti ke samAna evaM lokopayogI siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para zramaNa saMskRti kA eka aisA rUpa prastuta kiyA jAe, jisameM bheda kI gandha na Ae, apitu ekatA kI surabhi se jana sAdhAraNa kA mAnasa zAnti evaM sukha kI anubhUti kre| isI bhAvanA se prerita hokara yahA~ jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma meM nihita janakalyANa se sambandhita sAmAnya siddhAntoM para sarasarI dRSTi DAlI jA rahI hai| ___ zramaNa ke lie prAkRta evaM pAli meM samaNa zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| samaNa zabda kA sAmAnya artha sAdhu hai| jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma donoM meM hI zramaNa yA sAdhu yA bhikSu kI tIna vizeSatAoM ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| pahalI vizeSatA hai parizrama karanA / parizrama kA abhiprAya tapasyA se hai| ataH donoM hI dharmoM meM vyakti tapasyA yA sAdhanA se saMsAra-cakra se mukti rUpa apane utkarSa ko prApta karatA hai| dUsarI vizeSatA hai samabhAva rkhnaa| donoM hI dharmoM meM sAdhu yA bhikSu ko prANimAtra ke prati samabhAva rakhane kA bAra-bAra upadeza diyA gayA hai| sAdhu yA bhikSu tabhI apanI utkarSa avasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai jaba vaha rAga evaM dveSa kI bhAvanA se Upara vizvaprema yA vizvabandhutva kA pratIka bana jaae| tIsarI vizeSatA hai zAnta karanA / sAdhu yA bhikSu ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanI tapasyA se mana kI akuzala vRttiyoM kA zamana kre| ataH jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma meM zrama, sama evaM zama ko utkarSa ke lie samAna mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra saMsAra evaM saMsAra ke kAraNa meM bhI donoM dharmoM meM samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / donoM hI dharmoM meM Izvara kI prabhutA kA siddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai tathA karma siddhAnta ko mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| itanA antara avazya hai ki jahA~ jainadharma meM AdhyAtmika rUpa ko adhika mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai vahIM bauddhadharma meM vyAvahArika rUpa ko| isI kAraNa donoM dharmoM ke ahiMsA ke siddhAntoM meM bhI antara hai / jainadharma ke anusAra vyakti jaba kisI kI hiMsA kA saMkalpa karatA hai tabhI vaha hiMsA janya pApa se kaluSita ho jAtA hai kintu bauddhadharma meM vyakti tabhI hiMsA ke pApa se dUSita hotA hai jaba vaha hiMsA kA vicAra karatA hai phira hiMsA karatA hai aura hiMsA karane ke bAda pazcAttApa nahIM karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bauddhadharma ke anusAra hiMsA vahIM mAnI jAtI hai jahA~ Adhunika bhAratIya saMvidhAna kI dhArA 302 lAgU hotI hai| jaise hiMsA kA prayatna karane vAle kintu hiMsA ke prayatna meM asaphala rahane vAle vyakti ko dhArA 302 ke antargata daNDa na dekara dhArA 307 ke antargata daNDa parisaMvAda-4

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26 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana diyA jAtA hai vaise hI hatyA ke prayatna meM lIna kintu hatyA meM asaphala vyakti hiMsA ke pUrNa pApa ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma meM bheda kA pramukha AdhAra AtmA sambandhI mAnyatA hai / jainadharma meM AtmA kA svatantra astitva mAnA gayA hai tathA usakI mukti kA upAya bhI pratipAdita hai| kintu bauddhadharma meM AtmA kI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| bauddha, darzana ke granthoM meM to AtmA ke astitva kA vibhinna tarkoM ke AdhAra para khaNDana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| isase jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma ke paraspara virodhI hone kA AbhAsa milatA hai| kintu yadi AtmA sambandhI bhagavAn buddha ke vicAroM para dhyAna deM to etad viSayaka virodha saralatA se dUra ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne apane upadezoM meM kahIM bhI AtmA ke astitva kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai / jaba unhoMne dekhA ki AtmA ke siddhAnta kI oTa lekara vaidika saMskRti meM nAnA anartha ho rahe haiN| bhoga kI prApti ke lie hiMsA tathA zoSaNa bar3hatA jA rahA hai tathA kucha loga apane bhautika svArtha ke vazIbhUta hokara 'vaidikI hiMsA hisA na bhavati kA nArA bulanda kara rahe haiN| eka adRzya sattA ke lie AdamI itanA pAgala ho gayA hai ki usakI dRSTi meM dUsare prANiyoM kA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM rahA hai / kriyAkANDa kA itanA adhika bolabAlA ho gayA ki hajAroM nirIha mUka pazuoM kI yajJa meM Ahuti de denA eka acchA kArya mAnA jAne lagA taba unhoMne janasAdhAraNa kA dhyAna AtmA ke siddhAnta se utpanna pAgalapana se haTAne ke lie vyAvahArika sadAcaraNa kI AvAja uThAyI / jaba buddha se pUchA jAtA thA ki 'Apa kahate haiM manuSya duHkha bhogatA hai, manuSya mukta hotA hai to Akhira yaha dukha bhogane vAlA tathA duHkha se mukta hone vAlA kauna hai ? to buddha isakA uttara dete hue kahate the ki tumhArA yaha prazna hI galata hai / prazna yoM honA cAhie ki kyA hone se duHkha hotA hai aura usakA uttara yaha hai ki tRSNA ke hone se dUHkha hotA hai| isI prakAra tRSNA kise hotI hai ? yaha prazna na hokara kyA hone se tRSNA hotI hai, yaha prazna honA cAhie; tathA isakA uttara hai ki vedanA hone se tRSNA hotI hai / Adi / kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne apane upadezoM meM isa bAta kA sadaiva saMketa kiyA ki ve ajanmA anazvara sattA ko bhI mAnate haiM / itanA avazya thA ki unhoMne loka-kalyANa ke lie AtmA ke astitva kA vivecana ucita na samajha use avyAkRta koTi meM DAla diyA thaa| bhagavAn buddha ke AtmA viSayaka mata para yadi sulajhI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki unhoMne AtmA kA khaNDana na kara usake vyAvahArika pakSa para jora diyA thaa| parisaMvAda-4

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jaina evaM bauddhadharma mokSa eka anya aisA viSaya hai jisase donoM dharmoM meM matabheda pratIta hotA hai| jainadharma meM mokSa kA vizada varNana hai, kintu bauddhadharma ke anusAra vijJAna kI santati kA niruddha ho jAnA nirvANa hai| isI ko paravartI bauddha sAhitya meM pradIpa ke bujha jAne kI upamA dI gayI hai| kintu donoM hI dharmoM meM muktAvasthA yA nirvANAvasthA kI prApti abhISTa hai / gambhIratApUrvaka vicArane para mokSa tathA nirvANa meM bhI koI virodha naz2ara nahIM AtA hai| bauddhadharma kI vijJAna-santati avidyA evaM saMskAra janya hone se saMsAra meM vidyamAna rahatI hai tathA nirvANa meM isa vijJAna-santati kA pUrNarUpeNa vinAza ho jAtA hai| jainadharma meM bhI nirvANAvasthA meM AtmA ke karmajanya kaluSita rUpa kI samApti abhISTa hai| ataH karmabandha ko tathA vijJAna-santati ko paryAya mAnane se donoM hI dharmoM meM nirvANa eka jaisA hI hai / jahA~ taka AtmA ke zuddha rUpa kI bAta hai bhagavAn buddha use to avyAkRta koTi meM DAla hI cuke the| - jainadharma meM mokSa kA mArga samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak cAritra-ina tInoM kA eka sAtha honA mAnA gayA hai| bauddhadharma meM bhI zreSTha aSTAMgika mArga ko mokSa kA mArga kahA gayA hai / isa aSTAMgika mArga ko zIla (samyagvAcA, samyakkanti evaM samyag-AjIvikA), samAdhi (samyagvyAyAma, samyaksmRti evaM samyaksamAdhi), tathA prajJA meM (samyagdRSTi evaM samyaksaMkalpa) meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma ke samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyaka cAritra bauddhadharma ke prajJA, samAdhi evaM zIla ke anurUpa haiN| itanA antara avazya hai ki jahA~ jainadharma meM mokSamArga kA mUla AdhAra samyagdarzana ko mAnA gayA hai vahIM bauddhadharma meM zIla ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA zIla ko hI mokSa mArga kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa janasAdhAraNa kA dhyAna AtmA ke UhApoha se haTAkara sadAcAra kI ora AkarSita karanA thaa| __ sArAMza yaha ki jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma na kevala zramaNa saMskRti kI do dhArAe~ haiM, apitu Apasa meM eka-dUsare kI pUraka bhI haiM / jo vyakti AtmA ke nAma para hone vAle anAcAra se khinna hokara AtmA ke astitva kI upekSA kara saMsAra ke duHkhoM se zAnti cAhatA hai use bauddhadharma kA sahArA lenA cAhie, kintu jo vyakti AtmA ke astitva para zraddhA rakhakara saMsAra ke duHkhoM se mukti cAhatA hai, use jainadharma meM batAyA gayA mokSamArga anukUla hogA / pAli evaM bauddha adhyayana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, uttara pradeza /