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________________ jaina-dharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna jaina-sAdhanA kA lakSya samabhAva (sAmAyika) kI upalabdhi hai aura koI hai aura na bhaviSya meM koI hogaa| isa prakAra jaina-paramparA meM svAdhyAya samabhAva kI upalabdhi hetu svAdhyAya aura satsAhitya kA adhyayana ko Adhyatmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| Avazyaka hai| satsAhitya kA svAdhyAya manuSya kA eka aisA mitra hai, uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAna kA prakAza prApta jo anukUla evaM pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM usakA sAtha nibhAtA hai hotA hai, jisase samasta du:khoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| vastuta: svAdhyAya aura usakA mArga-darzana kara usake mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM tanAvoM ko jJAna-prApti kA eka mahattvapUrNa upAya hai| kahA bhI haisamApta karatA hai| aise sAhitya ke svAdhyAya se vyakti ko sadaiva hI nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, annANa-mohassa vivjjnnaae| AtmatoSa aura AdhyAtmika Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, mAnasika rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNaM, egantasokkhaM samuveI mokkhaM / / tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai| yaha mAnasika zAnti kA amogha tassesa maggo guru-viddhasevA, vajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| upAya hai| sajjhAya-egantanisevaNA ya, suttatthasaMcintaNayA ghiI ya / / arthAt sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAzana se, ajJAna aura moha ke parihAra svAdhyAya kA mahatva se, rAga-dveSa ke pUrNa kSaya se jIva ekAnta sukha-rUpa mokSa ko prApta satsAhitya-svAdhyAya kA mahattva ati prAcIna kAla se hI svIkRta karatA hai| gurujanoM kI aura vRddhoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM ke rahA hai| aupaniSadika cintana meM jaba ziSya apanI zikSA pUrNa karake samparka se dUra rahanA, sUtra aura artha kA cintana karanA svAdhyAya karanA guru ke Azrama se bidAI letA thA, to use dI jAne vAlI antima aura dhairya rakhanA-yahI duHkhoM se mukti kA upAya hai| zikSAoM meM eka zikSA hotI thI---svAdhyAyAn mA pramadaH arthAt svAdhyAya meM pramAda mata krnaa| svAdhyAya eka aisI vastu hai jo guru svAdhyAya kA artha kI anupasthiti meM bhI guru kA kArya karatI thii| svAdhyAya se hama koI- svAdhyAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai-sva kA adhyayana na-koI mArga-darzana prApta kara hI lete haiN| mahAtmA gAMdhI kahA karate vAcaspatyam meM svAdhyAya zabda kI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI gayI haithe ki "jaba bhI maiM kisI kaThinAI meM hotA hU~, mere samAne koI jaTila 1. sva adhi iNa, jisakA tAtparya hai sva kA adhyayana krnaa| dUsare samasyA hotI hai, jisakA nidAna mujhe spaSTa rupa se pratIta nahIM hotA zabdoM meM svAdhyAya AtmAnubhUti hai, apane andara jhA~ka kara apane Apa hai| maiM gItA-mAtA kI goda meM calA jAtA hU~, vahA~ mujhe koI-na-koI ko dekhanA hai| vaha svayaM apanA adhyayana hai| merI dRSTi meM apane vicAroM, samAdhAna avazya mila jAtA hai|" yaha satya hai ki vyakti kitane hI vAsanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko jAnane va samajhane kA prayatna hI svAdhyAya tanAva meM kyoM na ho, agara vaha ImAnadArI se sadgranthoM kA svAdhyAya hai| vastuta: vaha apanI AtmA kA adhyayana hI hai, AtmA ke darpaNa karatA hai to use unameM apanI pIr3A se mukti kA mArga avazya hI meM apane ko dekhanA hai| jaba taka sva kA adhyayana nahIM hogA, vyakti dikhAI detA hai| apanI vAsanAoM evaM vikAroM kA draSTA nahIM banegA taba taka vaha unheM jaina-paramparA meM jise mukti kahA gayA hai, vaha vastuta: rAga-dveSa dUra karane kA prayatna bhI nahIM karegA aura jaba taka ve dUra nahIM hoMge, se mukti hai, mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai aura aisI mukti ke lie taba taka AdhyAtmika pavitratA yA Atma-vizuddhi sambhava nahIM hogI pUrva karma-saMskAroM kA nirjaraNa yA kSaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| nirjarA aura Atma-vizuddhi ke binA mukti asambhava hai| yaha eka suspaSTa tathya kA artha hai- mAnasika granthiyoM ko jarjarita karanA arthAt mana kI hai ki jo gRhiNI apane ghara kI gandagI ko dekha pAtI hai, vaha use rAga-dveSa, ahaMkAra Adi kI gA~ThoM ko kholnaa| ise granthi-bheda karanA dUra kara ghara ko svaccha bhI rakha sakatI hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti apanI bhI kahate haiN| nirjarA eka sAdhanA hai| vastuta: vaha tapa kI hI sAdhanA manodaihika vikRtiyoM ko jAna letA hai aura unake kAraNoM kA nidAna hai| jaina-paramparA meM tapa-sAdhanA ke jo 12 bheda mAne gae hai, unameM kara letA hai, vahI suyogya vaidya ke parAmarza se unakI yogya cikitsA svAdhyAya kI gaNanA Antarika tapa ke antargata hotI hai / isa prakAra karake anta meM svAsthya lAbha karatA hai| yahI bAta hamArI AdhyAtmika svAdhyAya mukti kA mArga hai, jaina-sAdhanA kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane kI prakriyA meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| jo vyakti uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ko Antarika tapa kA eka prakAra svayaM apane andara jhA~kakara apanI caitasika vikRtiyoM arthAt kaSAyoM batAte hue usake pA~coM aMgoM evaM unakI upalabdhiyoM kI vistAra se ko jAna letA hai, vahI yogya guru ke sAnidhya meM unakA nirAkaraNa carcA kI gaI hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai karake AdhyAtmika vizuddhatA ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya ki "navi atthi na vi a hohI, sajjhAya samaM tavokamma" arthAt arthAt sva kA adhyayana Atma-vizuddhi kI eka anupama sAdhanA siddha svAdhyAya ke samAna dUsarA tapa na atIta meM koI thA, na vartamAna meM hotI hai| hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA svAdhyAya kA mUla artha jo, svayaM
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha meM jhA~kane kI prakriyA hai svayaM ko jAnane aura pahacAnane kI vRtti ke abhAva se sUtroM yA granthoM ke adhyayana kA koI bhI lAbha nahIM hotaa| antarcakSu ke unmIlana ke binA jJAna kA prakAza sArthaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| kahA bhI hai , bahupi sumahIyaM kiM kAhI? caraNavippahINassa / aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassa koDivi / / apyapi sugamahIyaM payAsayaM hoI caraNajuttassa ikko vi jaha paIvo sacakkhuassa payAseI / arthAt jaise aMdhe vyakti ke lie karor3oM dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI vyartha hai, kintu A~kha vAle vyakti ke lie eka bhI dIpaka kA prakAza sArthaka hotA hai, usI prakAra jisake antarcakSu khula gaye haiM, jisakI antaryAtrA prArambha ho cukI hai, aise AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ke lie svalpa adhyayana bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai, anyathA Atma-vismRta vyakti ke lie karor3oM padoM kA jJAna bhI nirarthaka hai| svAdhyAya meM antarcakSu kA khulanA, AtmadraSTA bananA, svayaM meM jhA~kanA, pahalI zarta hai tathA zAstra kA par3hanA yA adhyayana karanA usakA dUsarI zarta hai| svAdhyAya zabda kI dUsarI vyAkhyA su+A+api+Ida- isa rUpa meM bhI kI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se svAdhyAya kI paribhASA hotI hai-- zobhano'dhyAyaH svAdhyAyaH arthAt satsAhitya kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya kI ina donoM paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para eka bAta jo ubhara kara sAmane AtI hai vaha yaha ki sabhI prakAra kA paThanapAThana svAdhyAya nahIM hai| Atma-vizuddhi ke lie kiyA gayA apanI svakIya vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM va vAsanAoM athavA vicAroM kA adhyayana yA nirIkSaNa tathA aise sadgranthoM kA paThana-pAThana, jo hamArI caitasika vikRtiyoM ke samajhane aura unheM dUra karane meM sahAyaka hoM, hI svAdhyAya ke antargata AtA hai viSaya vAsanAvarddhaka, bhogAkAMkSAoM ko udIpta karane vAle, cita ko vicalita karane vAle tathA AdhyAtmika zAnti aura samatA ko bhaMga karane vAle sAhitya kA adhyayana svAdhyAya kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| unhIM granthoM kA adhyayana hI svAdhyAya kI koTi meM AtA hai jisase cittavRttiyoM kI caMcalatA kama hotI ho, mana prazAnta hotA ho aura jIvana meM santoSa kI vRtti vikasita hotI ho| svAdhyAya kA svarUpa svAdhyAya ke antargata kauna sI pravRttiyAM AtI haiM, isakA vizleSaNa jaina - paramparA meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| svAdhyAya ke pA~ca aMga mAne gaye haiM- 1. vAcanA 2 pratipRcchanA 3 parAvartana 4. anuprekSA aura 5. dharmakathA / 1. guru ke sAni meM sadmanyoM kA adhyayana karanA vAcanA hai| vartamAna sandarbha meM hama kisI sadgranthoM ke paThana-pAThana evaM adhyayana ko vAcanA ke artha meM gRhita kara sakate haiN| 2. pratipRcchanA kA artha hai paThita yA par3he jAne vAle grantha ke arthabodha meM sandeha Adi kI nivRtti hetu jijJAsAvRtti se, yA viSaya jaina sAdhanA evaM AcAra ke spaSTIkaraNa ke nimitta prazna-uttara krnaa| 3. pUrva paThita grantha kI punarAvRtti yA pArAyaNa karanA, yaha parAvartanA hai| 4. pUrva paThita viSaya ke sandarbha meM cintana-manana karanA anuprekSA hai| 5. isI prakAra adhyayana ke mAdhyama se jo jJAna prApta huA hai, use dUsaroM ko pradAna karanA yA dharmopadeza denA dharmakathA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki svAdhyAya ke kSetra meM ina pA~ca avasthAoM kA eka krama hai| inameM prathama sthAna vAcanA kA hai| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke spaSTa bodha ke lie praznottara ke mAdhyama se zaMkA kA nivAraNa karanA, isakA krama dUsarA hai, kyoMki jaba taka adhyayana nahIM hogA taba taka zaMkA Adi bhI nahIM hogeN| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie usakA pArAyaNa Avazyaka hai| isase eka ora smRti sudRr3ha hotI hai to dUsarI ora kramazaH artha-bodha meM spaSTatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| isake pazcAt anuprekSA yA cintana kA krama AtA hai| cintana ke mAdhyama se vyakti paThita viSaya ko na kevala sthira karatA hai, apitu vaha usake arthabodha kI gaharAI meM jAkara svataH kI anubhUti ke stara para use samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa prakAra cintana evaM manana ke dvArA jaba viSaya spaSTa ho jAya, to vyakti ko dharmopadeza dene yA adhyayana karAne kA adhikAra milatA hai| svAdhyAya ke lAbha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSaya hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA mithyAjJAna kA AvaraNa dUra karake samyagjJAna kA arjana karatA hai| svAdhyAya ke isa sAmAnya lAbha kI carcA ke sAtha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ke pA~coM aMgoM-vAcanA, pratipRcchanA, dharmakathA Adi ke apane-apane kyA lAbha hote haiM isakI bhI carcA kI gayI hai, jo nimna rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai-- bhante! vAcanA (adhyayana) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? vAcanA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, zrutajJAna kI AzAtanA ke doSa se dUra rahane vAlA vaha tIrtha dharma kA avalambana karatA hai tathA gaNadharoM ke samAna jijJAsu ziSyoM ko zruta pradAna karatA hai| tIrtha-dharma kA avalambana lekara karmoM kI mahAnirjarA karatA hai aura mahAparyavasAna (saMsAra kA anta) karatA hai| bhante pratipRcchanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? pratipRcchanA (pUrvapaThita zAstra ke sambandha meM zaMkA nivRtti ke lie prazna karanA) se jIva sUtra, artha aura tadubhaya arthAt donoM se sambandhita kAMkSAmohanIya (saMzaya) kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| bhante! parAvartanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? parAvartanA se arthAt paThita pATha ke punarAvartana se vyaMjana (zabdapATha) sthira hotA hai aura jIva padAnusAritA Adi vyaMjanA-labdhi ko 69
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________________ prApta hotA hai| bhante anuprekSA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? anuprekSA arthAt sUtrArtha ke cintana-manana se jIva AyuSyakarma ko chor3akara zeSa jJAnAvaraNAdi sAta karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana ko zithila karatA hai| unakI dIrghakAlIna sthiti ko alpakAlIna karatA hai| unake tIvra rasAnubhAva ko manda karatA hai| bahukarma-pradezoM ko alpapradezoM meM parivartita karatA hai| AyuSyakarma kA bandha kadAcit karatA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI karatA hai / asAtAvedanIyakarma kA punaH punaH upacaya nahIM karatA hai| jo saMsAra aTavI anAdi evaM ananta hai, dIrghamArga se yukta hai, jisake narakAdi gatirUpa cAra anta (avayava) haiM, use zIghra hI pAra karatA hai| bhante dharmakathA (dharmopadeza) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? dharmakathA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai aura pravacana (zAsana evaM siddhAnta) kI prabhAvanA karatA hai| pravacana kI prabhAvanA karane vAlA jIva bhaviSya meM zubha phala dene vAle puNya karmoM kA bandha karatA hai|" -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha jaina sAdhanA evaM AcAra isI prakAra sthAnAMgasUtra' meM bhI zAstrAdhyayana se kyA lAbha hai? isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki sUtra kI vAcanA se pA~ca lAbha 11. vAcanA se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai arthAt yadi adhyayana kA krama banA rahe to jJAna kI vaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| 2. zAstrAdhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti se ziSya kA hita hotA hai, kyoMki vaha usake jJAna kI prApti kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| 3. zAstrAdhyayana arthAt adhyApana kI pravRtti banI rahane se jJAnAvaraNa karma kI nirjarA hotI hai arthAt ajJAna kA nAza hotA hai| 4. adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti ke jIvita rahane se usake vismRta hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| 5. jaba zruta sthira rahatA hai to usakI avicchinna paramparA calatI rahatI hai| svAdhyAya kA prayojana sthAnAMgasUtra' meM svAdhyAya kyoM karanA cAhie isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojana hone cAhie - Mord 1. jJAna kI prApti ke liye 2. samyak jJAna kI prApti ke liye 3. sadAcaraNa meM pravRtti hetu 4. durAgrahoM aura ajJAna kA vimocana karane ke liye 5. yathArtha kA bodha karane ke lie yA avasthita bhAvoM kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie|. AcArya akalaMka ne svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojanoM kI bhI carcA kI hai 1. buddhi kI nirmalatA, 2 prazasta manobhAvoM kI prApti, 3. jinazAsana kI rakSA, 4. saMzaya kI nivRtti 5. paravAdiyoM kI zaMkA kA nirasana, 6. tapa tyAga kI vRddhi aura aticAroM (doSoM) kI zuddhi | - svAdhyAya kA sAdhaka jIvana meM sthAna svAdhyAya kA jaina - paramparA meM kitanA mahattva rahA hai, isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke mAdhyama se hI apanI bAta ko spaSTa kruuNgaa| usameM muni kI jIvana-caryA kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai divasassa cauro bhAge kujjA bhikkhU viyakkhaNo / tao uttaraguNe kujjA diNabhAgesu causu vi / / paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM shiyaayii| taiyAe bhikkhAcariyaM puNo caDatthIe sajjhAyaM / / ratiM pi cauro bhAge bhikkhU kujjA vikkhaNo tao uttaraguNe kujjA rAibhAesu causu vi / / - padamaM porisi sajjhAyaM bIyaM ziyAya taiyAe nimokkhaM tu cautthI bhunjo vi sajjhAyaM / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26 / 11, 12, 17, 18 muni dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya kare, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna kare, tIsare meM bhikSA carcA evaM daihika AvazyakatA kI nivRtti kA kArya kare / punaH caturtha prahara meM svAdhyAya kre| isI prakAra rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM nidrA va cauthe meM punaH svAdhyAya kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra muni pratidina cAra prahara arthAt 12 ghaMTe svAdhyAya meM rata rahe dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhaka jIvana kA AdhA bhAga svAdhyAya ke liye niyata thaa| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina-paramparA meM svAdhyAya kA mahattva prAcIna kAla se hI susthApita rahA hai, kyoMki yahI eka aisA mAdhyama thA jisake dvArA vyakti ke ajJAna kA nivAraNa tathA AdhyAtmika vizuddhi sambhava thii| satsAhitya ke adhyayana kI dizAyeM satsAhitya ke paThana ke rUpa meM svAdhyAya kI kyA upayogitA hai ? yaha suspaSTa hai| vastutaH satsAhitya kA adhyayana vyakti kI jIvanadRSTi ko hI badala detA hai| aise aneka loga haiM jinakI satsAhitya ke adhyayana se jIvana kI dizA hI badala gyii| svAdhyAya eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jo ekAnta ke kSaNoM meM hameM akelApana mahasUsa nahIM hone detA aura eka sacce mitra kI bhA~ti sadaiva sAtha detA hai tathA mArga-darzana karatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM yadyapi logoM meM par3hane-par3hAne kI ruci vikasita huI hai, kintu hamAre paThana kI viSaya-vastu samyak nahIM hai| Aja ke vyakti ke paThana-pAThana kA mukhya viSaya patra-patrikAe~ haiN| inameM mukhya rUpa se ve hI patrikAe~ adhika pasanda kI jA rahI haiM jo vAsanAoM ko ubhArane vAlI tathA jIvana ke vidrUpita pakSa ko yathArtha ke nAma para prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| Aja samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kA jo patana hai usakA kAraNa hamAre prasAra mAdhyama bhI haiN| ina mAdhyamoM meM patra-patrikAe~ tathA AkAzavANI evaM dUradarzana pramukha haiM Aja sthiti aisI hai ki ye sabhI apaharaNa, balAtkAra, gabana, DakaitI, corI, hatyA 30 J
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________________ -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - jaina sAdhanA evaM AcAra. ina sabakI sUcanAoM se bhare par3e hote haiM aura hama unako par3hane ina vikRta paristhitiyoM meM yadi manuSya ke caritra ko uThAnA hai tathA dekhane meM adhika rasa lete haiN| inake darzana aura pradarzana se hamArI aura use sanmArga evaM naitikatA kI ora prerita karanA hai to hameM apane jIvanadRSTi hI vikRta ho cukI hai, Aja saccaritra vyaktiyoM evaM unake adhyayana kI dRSTi ko badalanA hogaa| Aja sAhitya ke nAma para jo jIvana-vRttAntoM kI sAmAnya rUpa se, ina mAdhyamoM ke dvArA upekSA kI bhI hai vaha paThanIya hai, aisA nahIM hai| Aja yaha Avazyaka hai ki satjAtI hai| ata: naitika mUlyoM aura sadAcAra se hamArI AsthA uThatI sAhitya kA prasAraNa ho aura logoM meM usake adhyayana kI abhiruci jA rahI hai| jAgRta ho| yahI sacce artha meM svAdhyAya hai| lAla dozI, 32/2-35. koThArI 5. 6. 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra- saMpA0- ratanalAla dozI, prakA0- zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 32/2-3 / 2. Avazyakaniyukti (haribhadrIya vRtti), saMpA0- bI0 ke0 koThArI, prakA0-rilIjiyasa TrasTa, bambaI, 1981, 88-89 / 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/20-24 / 4. sthAnAMgasUtra, saMpA0-madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981, 5/3/223 / vhii-5/3/224| tattvArtharAjavArtika, saMpA0- DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina, prakA0- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957, 9/25 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0-ratanalAla dozI, prakA0- zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 26/11,12,17,18 /