Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina dharma meM manovidyA gaNeza lalavANI (kalakattA) (dharma evaM darzana ke kSetra meM jAne-mAne krAntikArI cintaka, hindI-saMskRta-baMgalA-aMgrejI Adi aneka bhASAvijJa lekhaka) jIva tatva kI AlocanA karate hue jaina manISiyoM ne manovidyA nAmaka aise tatva kI AlocanA kI hai, vizleSaNa kiyA hai jise ki Aja hama 'sAikolAjI' kahate haiM / jIva ke guNoM meM cetanA evaM upayoga ko pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| kintu cetanA kyA hai ? yaha samajhanA utanA AsAna nahIM hai kyoMki yaha anubhUti kA viSaya hai| phira bhI cetanA kI abhivyakti kina-kina rUpoM meM hotI hai isa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / yaha abhivyakti tIna prakAra se hotI hai, yathA(1) sukha-dukha kI anubhUti se, (2) kArya karane kI zakti se, (3) jJAna kI anubhUti se / jaina darzana ke anusAra sthAvara jIva bhI sukha-dukha anubhava karatA hai, para kArya karane kI zakti anubhava nahIM karatA jabaki nimnastarIya trasa jIva sukha-dukha kI anubhUti ke sAtha kArya karane kI zakti ko anubhava karatA hai, lekina use jJAna kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| jJAna kI anubhUti to hotI hai mAtra manuSya jaise ucca starIya jIvoM ko hI / ina tIna prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM ko pUrNa caitanya ke vikAsa krama ke tIna stara bhI mAna sakate haiMprathama stara hai sukha-dukha ke anubhava kA, dvitIya kAryazakti kA, tutIya jJAnazakti kaa| isase yaha phalita huA ki jise sAdhAraNatayA acetana padArtha samajhA jAtA hai una mRttikAdi meM bhI cetanA zakti to hai, kintu hai avikasita rUpa meM / usa cetanA kI abhivyakti hotI hai mAtra sukha-dukha ke anubhava meM / pAzcAtya kramavikAsavAdI manovaijJAnikoM ne bhI Aja isa tathya ko svIkAra kara liyA hai / ve kahane lage haiM ki manuSyetara jIvoM meM bhI eka prakAra kA nimna starIya caitanya rahatA hai| ve kevala acaitanya vastu piNDa mAtra hI nahIM hai| ____ jIva kA dUsarA guNa hai upayoga / usake bhI darzana aura jJAna ke bheda se do prakAra batAe gae haiN| vastu kA sAmAnya anubhava hai darzana / darzana meM to mAtra itanI hI upalabdhi hotI hai 'kucha hai' / udAharaNa ( 20 )
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 21 khaNDa 4 : dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma-cintana svarUpa eka gAya ko liijie| Apane gAya dekhI / darzana se Apako itanA hI anubhava huA 'gAya kucha hai' para kyA hai isakI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM hotI / usake sIMga hai, pU~cha hai, vaha ghAsa khAtI hai, dUdha detI hai| yaha saba jJAna nahIM hotA / jJAna to upayoga kA dUsarA prakAra hai jisakA udaya hotA hai darzana ke bAda / aura yaha kisa prakAra udaya hotA hai, Age jAkara isakI carcA kareMge / zAstroM meM darzana ke cAra prakAra batAe gae haiN| cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana, kevaladarzana / A~khoM se dekhakara jaba yaha anubhava hotA hai ki 'kucha hai' to use cakSudarzana kahate haiM aura jo anubhava A~kha ke atirikta nAka, kAna, jIbha aura tvacA se hotA hai use kahate haiM acakSudarzana | avadhidarzana kA artha hai eka sImA ke madhya rUpI dravyoM kA sAmAnya-sA anubhava aura kevaladarzana kA vizva ke samasta padArthoM kA sAmAnya anubhava / upayoga kA dUsarA lakSaNa hai 'jJAna' / jJAna ke pA~ca bheda haiM--mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava aura kevala / inameM prathama do mati aura zruta jJAna ko jaina darzana meM parokSa evaM zeSa tIna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai / anya darzana mati arthAt indriyalabdha jJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnatA hai / kintu jainadarzana aisA nahIM mAnatA / vaha kahatA hai jo jJAna AtmA dvArA hotA hai vahI jJAna pratyakSa hai aura jo indriya tathA mana ke sahAre se utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa hai / kyoMki jo jJAna sIdhA AtmA se hotA hai usameM bhrAnti ho nahIM sakatI / kAraNa vaha sva kA jJAna hai / para jo jJAna anya kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai vaha bhrAntiyukta ho sakatA hai / isa bhrAnta jJAna ko hI jainadarzana 'mithyAjJAna' kahatA hai aura isake viparIta jJAna ko samyaka jJAna / mati ke mithyAjJAna ko kumati, zruta ke mithyAjJAna ko kuzruta kahA jAtA hai / avadhijJAna Atmika hone para bhI usa samaya mithyA ho sakatA hai jaba ki vaha avadhi kI pUrNa sImA taka kA pUrNa jJAna na hokara AMzika rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / isa apUrNa avadhijJAna ko vibhaMgajJAna kahate haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya ke kucha aise vyaktiyoM kA ullekha hama zAstroM meM pAte haiM jinheM yaha vibhaMgajJAna huA thA aura bhagavAna ke samIpa jAne para unake dvArA usa bhrAnta jJAna kA nirasana kiyA gayA thA / darzana ke bAda sarvaprathama jisa jJAna kA udbhava hotA hai vaha hai matijJAna / yaha jJAna mana aura indriyoM ke sahAre se hI utpanna hotA hai / matijJAna ke bhI tIna prakAra haiM- upalabdhi, bhAvanA, upayoga | kintu inakI vyAkhyA niSprayojana hai / inakA svarUpa to nAma se hI prakaTa hai / yathA-- upalabdhi arthAt jJAna kA anubhava, bhAvanA - usa jJAna kA cintana, upayoga - vaisI hI paristhiti meM punaH usakA prayoga / isI prakriyA kA aura adhika spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie kucha jaina dArzanikoM ne matijJAna ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / jaise - mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha | darzana se 'kucha hai' yaha bodha hone ke pazcAta hI jJAna kI jo kriyA prArambha hotI hai usakA nAma hai upalabdhiyAmati / pAzcAtya darzana meM ise sensa inTyUisana (sense intuition ) yA parasepzana (perception) kahate haiM / jo matijJAna kevala indriyoM kI sahAyatA se hotA hai use indriyanimitta matijJAna kahate haiM aura jo jJAna anindriya arthAt arthAt mana kI apekSA rakhatA hai use anindriya matijJAna kahate haiN| para ye donoM jJAna eka hI viSaya ke do rUpa haiM / Apane A~kha se gAya dekhI para jaba taka mana usako grahaNa nahIM karatA taba taka usakA bodha nahIM hotaa| rAha calate hama hajAroM vastue~ dekhate haiM para mana kA
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 22 jana dharma meM manovidyA : gaNeza lalavANI saMyoga nahIM hone ke kAraNa ve hamAre jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banatIM / jJAna kA viSaya vahI banatA hai jisake sAtha hamAre mana kA saMyoga hotA hai / 'laka' ne ise ( idea of sensation ) aura ( idea of reflection ) kahA thA / Aja ke pAzcAtya dArzanikagaNa ise vahirAnuzIlana (extrospection ) aura antarAnuzIlana ( introspection) kahate haiM / indriyoM ke bheda se matijJAna ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiM / yathA - A~khajanita matijJAna, kAnajanita matijJAna, nAkajanita matijJAna, jihvAjanita matijJAna aura tvacAjanita matijJAna / matijJAna yA upalabdhi parasepzana ( perception ) hameM jisa prakAra hotI hai arthAt usameM jo-jo cittavRttiyA~ kAma karatI haiM usakA vivaraNa Aja ke vaijJAnikagaNa jisa prakAra de rahe haiM use jaina dArzanikoM ne hajAroM varSa pUrva hI de diyA thaa| jaina darzana ne una cittavRttiyoM ko cAra nAma diye haiM- ( 1 ) avagraha, (2) IhA, (3) avAya, (4) dhAraNA / darzana aura avagraha meM kucha adhika antara nahIM hai / kAraNa avagraha se bhI 'kucha hai' itanI hI pratIti hotI hai, usake viSaya meM sunizcita yA savizeSa rUpa meM koI jJAna nahIM hotA / jaisA ki hamane gAya ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA thA / pAzcAtya vaijJAnika ise sensezana ( sensation) yA primiyama kanitama (prem.um cognium) kahate haiM / viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke liye isakI tulanA hama kisI nAyaka-nAyikA ke prathama darzana se kara sakate haiN| prathama hotA hai mAtra drshn| phira yaha jAnane kI icchA hotI hai, 'vaha kauna hai ?' isa icchA kA nAma hI hai IhA / pAzcAtya darzana meM ise parasepcuala eTenzana (perceptual attention ) kahate haiN| vaha kauna hai yaha jAnane kI vyagratA ke phalasvarUpa ve jAnakArI hAsila karate haiM ki vaha amuka hai| basa isI prakriyA kA nAma hai 'avAya' / pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kI paribhASA meM yaha parasepcuala DiTaraminezana ( perceptual determination) hai / arthAt vaha amuka kA putra hai, amuka kI kanyA hai Adi Adi / avAya meM matijJAna pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai / para yaha avAya bhI kisa ATH kA yadi vaha jJAna citta meM sthiratA prApta na kare / itanA saba kucha hone ke pazcAt bhI yadi nAyakanAyikA eka dUsare ko bhUla jAe~ to vaha samasta vyartha hai / ataH jisa cittavRtti ke AdhAra para yaha sthiratA prApta hotI hai use 'dhAraNA' kahate haiM / pAzcAtya dArzanikagaNa ise parasepcuala riTenzana ( perceptual retension) kahate haiM / avagrah se dhAraNA taka matijJAna kA prathama kSetra hai / dhAraNA meM jo vastu baiTha jAtI hai vaha smRti kA viSaya bana jAtI hai / pUrvAnubhUta viSaya ke smaraNa kA nAma hai smRti / pAzcAtya vijJAna ise rikalekzana (recollection) yA rikagnizana ( 1 eco-n.tion) kahatA hai / rikagnizana yA rikalekzana kA tAtparya hai dekhI huI vastu ko mana meM lAnA aura usakI sahAyatA se jo vastue~ dekhI jAtI haiM unheM pahacAnanA / hamane gAya dekhI / vaha dekhanA citta meM sthira ho gyaa| sthira hote hI usakI smRti bana gayI / ataH jaba hama . gAya ko dekhate haiM to usI smRti ke AdhAra para hama kahate haiM yaha gAya hai / 'habsa' 'hiuma' Adi pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kA yaha mata thA ki jise hama smRti kahate haiM vaha kSIyamAna matijJAna hI hai / parantu yaha galata hai / kAraNa, isameM kucha aisI vizeSatA bhI hai ki jisake kAraNa use kabhI nahIM bhUlate evaM dekhane mAtra se hI usakI smRti ho AtI hai / jaise ki gAya ko dekhate hI Apa dasa varSa kI umara meM bhI yahI kaheMge 'yaha gAya hai' aura pacAsa varSa kI umara meM bhI yahI kaheMge- 'yaha gAya hai' / smRti yadi kSIyamAna mati hI hotI to Apa use bhUla jAte / ataH 'habsa' evaM 'hiuma' ke mata kA Aja ke 'rIDa' Adi pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ khaNDa 4 : dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma-cintana parityAga kara diyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki smRti mati para AdhArita hone para bhI isakI kucha apanI vizeSatA hai jisase smaraNa sadA banA rahatA hai| __smRti sadaiva nahIM rahatI isake udAharaNasvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI pUrva dekhe vyakti ko kucha samaya pazcAt punaH dekhate haiM to kabhI-kabhI yAda nahIM kara pAte / ThIka hai yaha / kintu, isakA kAraNa yaha nahIM ki smati Apako dhokhA de gyii| isakA vAstavika kAraNa yaha thA ki usa vyakti ke prati ApakI dhAraNA meM kamI thii| Apane use sarasarI nigAha se dekhA thA / mana meM koI sthAyI rUpa nahIM diyA gayA thaa| dhAraNA pakkI nahIM hone ke kAraNa Apa use bhUla gaye the| manovijJAna meM hI nahIM, yoga darzana meM bhI dhAraNA (jisakA dUsarA nAma hai bhAvanA) kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai| manovaijJAnika cikitsA kA jo krama hai vaha isI dhAraNA para pratiSThita hai| udAharaNataH jo haradama mahasUsa karatA hai ki maiM bImAra hU~ vaha sadaiva bImAra rahatA hai| kAraNa, yaha usakI dhAraNA bana jAtI hai aura vaha sacamuca hI bImAra ho jAtA hai| manovaijJAnika cikitsA isa nirAzA se Apako mukta karane kA prayatna karatI hai tAki Apa svastha aura sabala bana sakeM / phira bhI smRti apane Apa meM pUrNa nahIM hai| Apane gAya dekhI thI Apake mastiSka meM usakI smRti bana gii| kintu bAda meM jaba bhI Apa gAya ko dekhate haiM to isameM mAtra smRti hI kAma nahIM krtii| Apane pUrva meM jo gAya dekhI thI usakA sAdRzya Apa isameM khojate haiN| isa sAdRzya anusandhAna kA nAma hai pratyabhijJA yA saMjJA / pAzcAtya dezoM meM ise esimilezana (assimilation), kampArijana (comparison) yA kansepsana (c nception) kahate haiN| pratyabhijJA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| gAya ke udAharaNa se ise spaSTa kara rahe haiN| (1) gAya jaisI hai ataH gAya hai / yaha pratyabhijJA sAdRzya se huii| pAzcAtya vaijJAnika ise esosiezana bAI similariTi (association by similarity) kahate haiN| (2) gAya bhaisa jaisI nahIM hai| bhaiMsa ke bhI gAya kI hI bhA~ti sIMga hai, pUcha hai, vaha bhI ghAsa khAtI hai, dUdha detI hai phira bhI vaha gAya nahIM hai| ataH gAya kA jo yaha jJAna huA vaha bhaiMsa ke vaisAdRzya se huaa| isIliye pAzcAtya vijJAna ise esosiezana bAI kanTrAsTa (association by contrast) kahatA hai| (3) nirantara dekhate-dekhate gAya ke viSaya meM Apako jo vizeSa jJAna ho jAtA hai usa vizeSa jJAna ko pAzcAtya darzana meM kansepzana (conception) kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vizva ke anya sabhI dravyoM se gAya kA jo vizeSatva hai use jAnane kI prakriyA ko jaina paribhASA meM tiryak-sAmAnya aura pAzcAtya paribhASA meM spesija AiDiyA (species idea) kahate haiN| (4) isI prakAra bhinna-bhinna dravyoM meM jisa aikya kI upalabdhi hotI hai usa para Apa jo dRSTi DAlate haiM use jaina darzana meM UrdhvatA-sAmAnya aura pAzcAtya darzana meM sabsaTrATama ( utstratum) yA esI (esse) kahA gayA hai| isa dRSTi meM gAya ko gAyatva ke vizeSa dharma se na dekhakara jIva dharma se dekhate haiM / isako aura spaSTa karane ke liye alaMkAroM kA udAharaNa lIjiye / hAra, bAlA, aMgUThI Adi meM jaba unake vizeSatva ko na dekhakara kevala suvarNa ko dekhate haiM to vaha UrdhvatAsAmAnya kI dRSTi se hI dekhate haiN| vastutaH dravya kA ina cAra prakAroM se jo jJAna hotA hai vaha pratyabhijJA hI hai| cintA-cintA ko Uha yA tarka kahA gayA hai| tarka kA sahaja artha hai vicAra / pratyabhijJA yA saMjJA meM hama gAya kI eka saMjJA banA lete haiM jise hama gotva kahate haiN| phira gotva aura gAya meM eka avinAbhAva sambandha bhI svIkAra kara lete haiM, arthAt jahA~ gotva hai vahA~ gAya hai| Aja hama jise gAya kahate
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 24 jaina dharma meM manovidyA : gaNeza lalavANI haiM vaha isa tarka yA vicAra para hI kahate haiN| kAraNa hamane gAya kI jo saMjJA prastuta kI thI vaha saba isameM hai| pAzcAtya vijJAna ise inDakzana (induction) kahate haiN| aura ve bhI jaina dArzanikoM kI bhA~ti hI inDakzana ko Abajaravezana (observation) yA bhUyodarzana kA pariNAma mAnate haiN| sAtha hI jainAcAryoM kI bhA~ti yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki gAya aura gotva kA jo sambandha hai vaha inaveriyebala (invariable) va anakanDizanala (unconditional) hai / jaina darzana ise avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapatti kahatA hai / abhinibodha-tarkalabdha viSaya kI sahAyatA se anya viSaya ke jJAna ko abhinibodha kahate haiN| isakA dUsarA nAma hai anumAna / anumAna ko pAzcAtya vijJAna meM DiDakzana (deduction) kahate haiM / nyAyazAstra meM isakA eka pracalita udAharaNa hai 'parvato vahnimAna dhUmAt / parvata se dhUma yA dhuA~ nikalate dekhakara hama anumAna karate haiM ki parvata para Aga lagI hai| yaha anumAna tarka para pratiSThita hai / Aga evaM dhue~ meM jo avinAbhAva sambandha hai vaha tarka se hI prApta huA thaa| jahA~-jahA~ hamane Aga dekhI, vahA~-vahA~ dhuA dekhA / ataH yaha soca lete haiM ki pahAr3a se java dhuA nikala rahA hai to avazya hI vahA~ Aga hai| vAstava meM anumAna tarkazAstra kA prANa hai / yaha pratyakSamUlaka hone para bhI jJAna ke AharaNa meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| kAraNa, anumAna ke AdhAra para hI hama saMsAra ke adhikatama vyavahAra calA rahe haiM aura anumAna ke AdhAra para hI tarkazAstra kA vizAla bhavana khar3A hai| ___anumAna kArya-kAraNa ke sambandha se hI udbhUta hotA hai| agni se dhUma kI utpatti hotI hai| agni ke abhAva meM dhUma utpanna nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kArya-kAraNabhAva vyApti kA avinAbhAva sambandha kahalAtA hai / isakA nizcaya tarka se hotA hai jaisA ki hama Upara kaha Ae haiN| avinAbhAva nizcita ho jAne para kAraNa ko dekhate hI kArya kA bodha ho jAtA hai / yaha bodha hI anumAna hai / jisa prakAra dhUma ko dekhakara hI adRSTa agni kA anumAna hama kara lete haiM isI prakAra jaba hama kisI zabda ko sunate hI anumAna kara lete haiM ki yaha AvAja pazu kI hai yA manuSya kii| phira manuSya kI bhI hai to amuka manuSya kI, pazu kI hai to amuka pazu kii| svara se svara vAle ko pahacAna lenA anumAna kA hI phala hai| ____ anumAna ke bhI do bheda haiM--svArthAnumAna, parArthAnumAna / Apa jaba apanI anubhUti se yaha jJAna prApta karate haiM to vaha svArthAnumAna hotA hai| para vAkya ke prayoga dvArA jaba vaha anya ko samajhAyA jAtA hai to use parArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai| parArthAnumAna kA zAbdika rUpa kaisA hogA isa viSaya meM nyAya darzana ne ina pA~ca avayavoM ko mAnA hai : 1. parvata meM agni hai (pratijJA) 2. kyoMki vahA~ dhUma hai (hetu) 3. jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai (vyApti) 4. parvata meM dhUma hai (upanaya) 5. ataH parvata meM agni hai (nigamana) prasaMgavaza pramANa ke viSaya meM yahA~ do zabda upasthita kie jAte haiN| pramANa cAra prakAra ke hote haiN| yathA-(1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna, (3) Agama pramANa, (4) upamAna pramANa / pratyakSa pramANoM kI AlocanA mati Adi jJAna kI AlocanA meM ho jAtI hai, anumAna kA uparokta AlocanA meM / Agama pramANa kA varNana zru tajJAna kI vyAkhyA meM kreNge| upamAna pramANa vahA~ hai jahA~ prasiddha padArtha ke sAdazya
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ khaNDa 4 : dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma-cintana me aprasiddha padArtha kA bodha hotA hai| gavaya eka pazu hai jo ki gAya jaisA hotA hai| yaha bAta jina logoM ne suna rakhI hai ve gAya ke sadRza pazu ko dekhate hI samajha jAyeMge ki yaha gavaya hai / isa prakAra darzana aura smaraNa ke nimitta se hone vAlA sAdRzyatA kA jJAna hI upamAna hai / zutajJAna-sAmAnyataH zrata kA artha hai sunA huaa| vaktA dvArA prayukta zabda ko sunakara vAcyavAcaka sambandha se zrotA ko jo zabdabodha hotA hai vaha zra tajJAna kahalAtA hai| isa paribhASA se yaha spaSTa hai ki zra tajJAna ke pUrva matijJAna honA anivArya hai| jJAna ke dvArA zrotA ko zabdoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha zra tajJAna hai / ataH mati aura zrata jJAna meM kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha hai| matijJAna kAraNa hai aura zra tajJAna kArya / matijJAna ke abhAva meM zru tajJAna paidA nahIM hotaa| yadyapi ye donoM jJAna eka sAtha rahane vAle haiM, parokSa haiM, phira bhI unameM bhinnatA hai| matijJAna mUka hai, zra tajJAna mukhara hai / matijJAna vartamAna viSaya kA grAhaka hai to zra tajJAna trikAla viSaya kA grAhaka hai| zra tajJAna se hI hameM prAcIna itihAsa Adi kA, apanI bhavitavyatA kA jJAna hotA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki indriya-manojanya dIrghakAlIna jJAna dhArA kA prAthamika aparipakva aMza matijJAna hai / aura uttarakAlIna paripakva aMza zra tajJAna hai / jaba yaha tha tajJAna kisI ko pUrNa mAtrA meM prApta ho jAtA hai to use zru ta kevalI kahate haiN| tha tajJAna ke do bheda haiM-(1) dravyazra ta (2) bhAvaca ta / bhAvaca ta jJAnAtmaka hai, dravyazra ta zabdAtmaka hai / dravyazra ta hI Agama hai| aneka bhAratIya dharmoM kI bhAMti jaina dharma bhI Agama ke prAmANya ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| koraNa, jainadharma ke anusAra anekAnta dRSTi ke pravartaka akhaNDa satya ke draSTA kevalajJAnI tIrthaMkaroM ne samasta jIvoM para karuNA kara pravacana kusumoM kI vRSTi kii| aura tIrthaMkAroM ke mahAna medhAvI gaNadharoM ne unheM apane buddhipaTa para jhelakara pravacanamAlA guuNthii| ataH jainaparamparA meM una pravacana mAlAoM ko Agama pramANa rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / tarka thaka jAtA hai, lakSya DagamagAne lagatA hai, citta caMcala ho uThatA hai taba Apta praNIta Agama hI mumukSujanoM kA ekamAtra AdhAra banatA hai| yaha Agama hI dravyazra ta kahalAtA hai aura isake sahAre utpanna hone vAlA jJAna bhAvatha ta hai / __ matijJAna kI bhA~ti jainAcAryoM ne zra tajJAna ko bhI labdhi, bhAvanA, upayoga aura naya ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / parantu vAstava meM vaha viSaya samUha kA vyAkhyAna bheda mAtra hai / isa vyAkhyAna praNAlI ke sAtha pAzcAtya tarka vidyA ke eksaplenezana (explanation) kA sAdRzya hai| kisI vastu ko usake sAtha sambandhayukta vastu kI sahAyatA se nirdeza karane kA nAma hai 'labdhi' / udAharaNataH jaba hama gAya zabda ko sunate haiM to prathama gAya kA sAmAnya sA anubhava hotA hai aura vaha bhI pUrva dekhI huI gAya ke sAdRzya se / ise hI hama labdhi kahate haiM / tatpazcAt usakI prakRti, svarUpa, kArya Adi kI jo dhAraNA banI huI thI vaha samakSa AtI hai| isI kA nAma hai 'bhAvanA' / bhAvanA prayoga kara jaba gAya kA artha avadhArita karate haiM use 'upayoga' kahA jAtA hai / para 'naya' kucha vizeSa hai| isameM hama gAya zabda ke artha ko aura bhI pariSkRta karate haiM / jaise go zabda ko lIjie / 'go' zabda ke artha haiM gAya, dharatI, vAk Adi Adi / arthAt jo calatI hai vaha go hai| kintu go kA tAtparya hama gAya karate haiM to usakA calanArUpa sAmAnya dharma ko na dekhakara kevala usake vizeSa dharma dUdha dene para dRSTi nibaddha karate haiN| basa, yahI kArya hai naya kaa| kha NDa 4/4
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina dharma meM manAvidyA : gaNeza lalavANo mati aura zra ta jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha parokSa jJAna kI AlocanA samApta hotI hai / ye donoM jJAna saMsArI jIvoM ko rahate haiM / kintu aba jo pratyakSa jJAna vivRta karane jA rahe haiM, ve aise nahIM haiM / jahA~ taka manuSya aura tiryaMcoM kA sambandha hai unheM avadhijJAna sAdhanA dvArA hI prApta hotA hai / jinameM janma se yaha jJAna dekhA jAtA hai vaha unakI pUrvajanmArjita sAdhanA kA pariNAma hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| avadhijJAna-avadhi kA artha hai sImA yA mryaadaa| jaba AtmA mana aura indriyoM ko sahAyatA ke binA hI sAkSAt Atmika zakti ke dvArA rUpI padArthoM ko maryAdita rUpa meM jAnane lagatI haiM to use avadhijJAna kahate haiN| manaHparyAya jJAna-manaHparyAya jJAna to viziSTa sAdhaka ko hI prApta hotA hai| jisane saMyama kI utkRSTatA prApta kI hai, jisakA antaHkaraNa atyanta nirmala ho cukA hai| vahI isa jJAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| isa jJAna ke dvArA prANI kI cittavRttiyoM ko, manobhAvoM ko, eka nirdiSTa sImA meM jAnA jA sakatA hai| avadhi evaM manaHparyAya donoM jJAna hI yadyapi apUrNa haiM tathApi yaha asAdhAraNa haiN| Adhunika vijJAna jise klearavAyensa (clairvoy ince) kahate haiM usake sAtha avadhi evaM TelIpaithI yA mAiNDa-rIDiMga (telepathy or mind-reading) ke sAtha manaHparyAya jJAna kI kathaMcit tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / kevalajJAna-jisa jJAna se trikAlavartI aura trilokavartI samasta vastue~ eka sAtha jAnI jA sakatI haiM usa sarvottama jJAna ko kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| thiyojAphisTagaNa isa ni ko omnIsAensa (ornniscience) kahate haiM / isa jJAna kI prApti hone para AtmA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura parama cinmaya bana jAtI hai / yaha manuSya kI sAdhanA kA carama phala hai / isa phala kI prApti hone para AtmA jIvanmukta ho jAtI hai aura pUrNa siddhi ke sannikaTa pahu~ca jAtI hai| 10 jyotirmayIva dIpasya kriyA sarvA'pi cinmyii| yasyAnanyasvabhAvasya tasya maunamanuttaram // jisa taraha dIpaka kI samasta kriyAe~ (jyoti kA U~cA-nIcA honA) prakAzamaya hotI hai, ThIka usI taraha AtmA kI sabhI kriyAe~ jJAnamaya hotI haiM usa ananya svabhAva vAle (eka Atma svabhAva meM lIna) muni kA mauna anuttara (sarvazreSTha) hotA hai| -upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI kRta :-jJAnasAra 8/104 --vivecana : panyAsapravara zrI bhadraguptavijaya jI