Jain Dharm me Bhakti ki Avdharna

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Sagar_Jain_Vidya_Bharti_Part_1_001684.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229112/1

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA - pro. sAgaramala jaina jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vivecana karane ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| ki 'bhakti' zabda kA tAtparya yA artha kyA hai aura vaha jainadharma meM kisa artha meM svIkRta hai| bhakti zabda bhaj dhAtu meM ktin pratyaya lagakara banA hai / bhaj dhAtu kA artha hai-- sevA karanA / kintu yathArtha meM bhakti zabda kA artha isase kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| sAmAnyatayA ArAdhya yA usake vigraha kI guNasaMkIrtana, stuti, vandana, prArthanA, pUjA aura ardhA ke rUpa meM jo sevA kI jAtI hai, use hama bhakti nAma dete haiN| yadyapi yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki ye saba kriyAyeM bhI taba taka bhakti nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiM, jaba taka inake mUla meM ArAdhya ke prati pUjyabuddhi, zraddhA, anurAga aura samarpaNa kA bhAva nahIM ho| jainAcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne bhakti kI vyAkhyA nimna rUpa meM kI hai- arhadAcArya bahuzrutapravacaneSu bhAva vizuddhi yukto'nurAgo bhakti sarvArthasiddhi arthAt arhatu, AcArya, bahuzruta evaM Agama ke prati bhAvavizuddhi pUrvaka jo anurAga hai, vaha bhakti hai| pro. rAmacandra zukla ne premapUrNa zraddhA ko bhakti kahA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise ArAdhya aura ArAdhaka ke madhya eka rAgAtmaka sambandha mAnA hai| kintu merI dRSTi meM bhakti zabda kA tAtparya ina sabase adhika hai| -- yaha satya hai ki bhakti kA udaya upAsya aura upAsaka yA bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca eka dUrI yA dvaita meM hI hotA hai, kintu isakI carama niSpatti isa dvaita ko samApta karane meM hI hai| jaise-jaise bhakta aura bhagavAn yA ArAdhya aura ArAdhaka ke madhya kI yaha dUrI simaTatI jAtI hai aura eka aisA samaya AtA hai jaba vyakti usa dvaita ko samApta kara svayaM meM bhagavattA kI anubhUti kara letA hai| yahI bhakti kA paripAka hai, yahA~ hI vaha pUrNatA ko prApta hotI hai| jaina dharma kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki usameM bhakti kA prayojana isa dvaita yA dUrI ko samApta karanA hI mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ke anusAra yaha dvaita taba hI samApta hotA hai, jaba bhakta svayaM bhagavAna bana jAtA hai| yadyapi hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki anIzvaravAdI evaM pratyeka AtmA kI svatantra sattA mAnane - pro. kalyANamala lor3hA ke nirdeza se bhAratIya bhASA pariSad kalakattA dvArA prakAzya 'bhAratIya bhakti : tatva, darzana evaM sAhitya ke hetu likhita Alekhu, sAbhAra

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20 vAle jaina darzana meM isa dvaita ke samApta hone kA artha advaita vedAnta kI taraha bhakta kI vaiyaktika sattA kA brahma meM vilaya nahIM hai| sAtha hI jainadarzana dvaitavAdiyoM yA viziSTAdvaitavAdiyoM kI taraha yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki bhakti kI carama niSpatti meM bhI bhakta aura bhagavAna kA dvaita banA rahatA hai, cAhe vaha sArUpya mukti ko hI kyo prApta kara leN| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhakti kI carama niSpatti AtmA dvArA apane hI nirAvaraNa zuddha svarUpa yA paramAtma svarUpa ko prApta karanA hai-- vaha svayaM paramAtmA bana jAnA hai| vaha svayaM ke dvArA svayaM ko pAnA hai / bhakti aura prema : sAmAnyatayA bhakti meM anurAga yA prema ko eka Avazyaka tattva mAnA gayA hai| paramAtmA ke prati nizchala prema bhakti kA AdhAra hai| kintu yahA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki kyA vItarAgatA ke upAsaka jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha prema ko aparihArya mAnA jA sakatA hai / yaha satya hai ki anurAga yA prema kI utkaTatA hI bhakti kA rUpa letI hai kintu eka ora rAga ke prahANa yA vItarAgadazA kI prApti kA prayAsa aM dUsarI ora anurAga yA prema kI sAdhanA ye donoM eka sAtha kaise sambhava hai ? vItarAgatA kA sAdhaka rAga yA anurAga se kaise jur3a sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina paramparA meM jahAM bhakti bhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai, vahAM kisI na kisI rUpa meM tIrthaMkara prabhu ke prati prema yA anurAga kI carcA avazya huI hai| jaina paramparA meM rAga do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai (1 ) prazastarAga aura (2) aprazasta rAga / zramaNa, apraila-jUna, 1863 yadi hama bhakti ko rAgAtmaka sambandha yA anurAga mAnate haiM to jainadharma meM bhakti kA sthAna isI prazastarAga ke arntagata ho sakatA hai| kintu aisA prazasta rAga bhI jaina sAdhanA kA Adarza nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM gautama se adhika zreSTha bhakta aura kauna ho sakatA hai ? mahAvIra ke prati unakI ananya bhakti yA anurAga lokavizruta hai| kintu jaina vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki aisA prazasta rAga bhI mokSa mArga ke pathika ke lie bAdhaka hI hai| gautama kI mahAvIra ke prati yaha ananya bhakti yA rAgAtmakatA unakI mokSa prApti meM bAdhaka hI mAnI gayI hai| ve mahAvIra ke jIvita rahate vItarAgadazA yA kaivalya ko upalabdha nahIM kara ske| mahAvIra ne svayaM kahA thA ki sneha yA anurAga to mokSa mArga meM eka argalA hai ( mukkhabhagga pavannAnaM sineho vajja siMkhalA - kalpasUtraTIkA, vinayavijaya, pR. 120) / jaina paramparA meM bhakti zraddhA para AdhArita to mAnI gayI, kintu use rAga yA prema rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki paravartI jainAcAryoM ne bhakti ke isa rAgAtmaka svarUpa ko apanI paramparA meM sthAna diyaa| yaha bhI ThIka hai ki eka bhAvuka AdamI vAsanAtmaka prema yA aprazasta rAga se chuTakArA pAne ke lie prazasta rAga kA sahArA le, kintu antatogatvA hameM yahI mAnanA hogA ki vItarAgatA kI upAsaka jaina paramparA meM rAgAtmakatA ko bhakti kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| prema cAhe kaisA bhI ho, vaha bandhana hai ataH use atikrAnta karanA Avazyaka hai|

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 21 zraddhA aura bhakti : bhakti meM zraddhA kA tatva pramukha hotA hai, kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki zraddhA evaM bhakti meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara bhI hai| zraddhA aura bhakti meM mukhya antara to yaha hai ki jahAM zraddhA ArAdhya athavA siddhAnta athavA donoM ke prati ho sakatI hai, vahIM bhakti sadaiva hI ArAdhya ke prati hotI hai, siddhAnta ke prati nhiiN| siddhAnta ke prati to mAtra zraddhA/AsthA hotI hai, bhakti nhiiN| kyoMki bhakti vaiyaktika (Personal) hotI hai| punaH jahAM bhakti ke lie zraddhA Avazyaka tatva hai| vahAM zraddhA ke lie bhakti Avazyaka nhiiN| apane pravalita artha kI dRSTi se zraddhA aura bhakti meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI hai ki zraddhA mAtra eka niSkriya bhAva-dazA hai, vaha kisI ke prati ananya niSThA kI dyotaka hai aura vaha niSThA siddhAnta athavA vyakti kisI ke prati bhI ho sakatI hai| zraddhA kAraNa hai, bhakti kaary| bhakti to zraddhA kI bAhyAbhivyakti hai, vaha citta kI sakriya bhAva dazA hai| pUjya-buddhi aura pUjA meM jo antara hai vahIM antara zraddhA aura bhakti meM hai| zraddhA pUjya-buddhi hai, pUjA nhiiN| pUjA pUjya-buddhi kI bAhyAbhivyakti hai| satya to yaha hai ki zraddhA jaba sakriya hokara kriyAtmaka rUpa meM bAhya jagat meM abhivyakta hotI hai, to vaha bhakti bana jAtI hai| vaha zraddhA evaM karma kA samanvaya hai| vaha zraddhA yukta karma hai| nirguNa bhakti meM bhI cAhe pratimA-pUjA yA arcA na ho, kintu nAma-smaraNa, saMkIrtana Adi karmoM tathA vihvalatA Adi bhAvoM kI bAhya abhivyakti to hai hI, zraddhA aura bhakti donoM hI vaiyaktika hai, sArvajanika nhiiN| phira bhI zraddhA nitAnta vaiyaktika hai, mAtra caittasika hai, use kisI bhI sthiti meM sAmUhika nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai, vahA bhakti ke nAma saMkIrtana, pUjA, arcA Adi spoM meM bAhya abhivyakti sambhava hone se use sAmUhika yA sArvajanika banAyA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama bhakti ke ghaTakoM kI carcA kareM to usameM zraddhA, prema, sarmapaNa, nAma-smaraNa, stuti, vigraha-pUjA aura sevA sabhI samAhita hai| isa prakAra bhakti eka vyApaka pariprekSya ko abhivyakta karatI hai| zraddhA to bhakti kA eka aMga mAtra hai, bhakti meM zraddhA Avazyaka hai, kintu zraddhA bhakti kA rUpa le hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| jainadharma meM jaba hama bhakti kI carcA karate haiM to hameM zraddhA evaM bhakti ke isa antara ko dRSTigata rakhanA hogaa| kyoMki jainadharma mUlataH nivRtti paraka hai, ataH usameM zraddhA kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hai| punaH jainadharma nirIzvaravAdI hai, ataH usameM zraddhA yA bhakti kA kendra sRSTikartA yA jagat niyantA Izvara na hokara zuddhAtmasvarUpa vItarAga dazA hI rahI hai| usakI zraddhA ke kendra haiM -- deva (vItarAgadazA prApta vyakti), gurU aura dharma / kintu jaina dharma meM jaise hI pratIkopAsanA yA jina pratimA kI pUjA kI paramparA svIkRta huI, usameM tIrthakara pratimA kI upAsanA ke sAtha bhakti ke anya pakSoM kA vikAsa prArambha ho gyaa| bhArata meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa : bhAratIya dharmadarzana ke kSetra meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se upasthita rahI hai| mohanajodar3o evaM har3appA se prApta huI sIloM ke paridRzyoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya bhI mUrti pUjA yA pratIka pUjA astitva meM thI aura isa dRSTi se yaha

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA jAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ki usa yuga meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA bhI upasthita thii| yadi hama vaidika sAhitya kI ora mur3ate haiM, to usameM bhI jo agvedAdi prAcIna stara ke grantha haiM, unameM cAhe mUrti-pUjA yA vigraha-pUjA kA nirdeza nahIM ho, kintu yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahAM bhakti kI avadhAraNA pUrNatayA anupasthita hai| kyoMki Rgveda ke sUktoM meM bhI stuti sambandhI sUkta hI sarvAdhika haiN| stuti ke sAtha bhI pUjya-buddhi aura zraddhA kA tattva to jur3A hI hotA hai| isalie hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika kAla me cAhe vigraha-pUjA yA mUrti-pUjA na rahI ho, kintu zraddhA va stuti ke rUpa meM usameM bhakti kA tattva to hai hii| Age calakara aupaniSadika kAla aura vizeSa rUpa se gItA ke racanAkAla meM to hameM bhakti kI eka susthApita paramparA upalabdha hotI hai| gItA meM jina yogoM (sAdhanA-vidhiyoM) kI carcA milatI hai, usameM bhaktiyoga sabase mahattvapUrNa hai| yadyapi gItA kI jJAnayoga paraka evaM karmayoga paraka vyAkhyAe~ bhI kI gayIM, kintu yadi hama gItA kI antarAtmA meM jhAMkakara dekheM to lagatA hai ki usameM bhakti yA samarpaNa bhAva hI eka kendrIya tattva hai| karma kI niSkAmatA kA AdhAra bhI karma-phala kI AkAMkSA kA prabhu ke prati samarpaNa hI hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki gItA jJAna evaM karma ko bhI samAna spa se mahattva detI hai, kintu usameM inheM bhI bhakti ke kAraNa va kArya ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA jJAna, jo ki gItA ke jJAnayoga kA pratipAdya hai, antatogatvA prabhu ke prati ananya niSThA meM pariNita hotA hai| dUsarI ora gItA yahI kahatI hai ki zraddhAvAna hI prabhu ke jJAna ko prApta hotA hai (4/36) punaH gItA kA karmayoga bhI vastutaH paramAtmA ke prati na kevala karmaphala kA pUrNa samarpaNa hai apitu samarpita bhAva se usake AdezoM kA paripAlana bhI hai| gItA lokasevA ko bhI prabhu kI sevA meM atabhAvita kara karmayoga ko bhaktiyoga banA detI hai| gItA meM jJAna vaha hai jisase bhakti kI dhArA prasUta hotI hai aura karma usa bhakti kI vyApaka bAhayAbhivyakti hai| yahI kAraNa rahA ki rAmAnuja, vallabha Adi bhaktimArgI AcAryoM ne gItA kI bhakti paraka vyAkhyA prastuta kii| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate hai ki bhArata meM prArambhika kAla se lekara sara va tulasI ke mAdhyama se Adhunika kAla taka bhakti kI eka ajasa dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI hai aura jaina paramparA bhI isase prabhAvita hotI rahI hai| jainadharma meM bhakti jainadarzana meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie bhakti ke bhAratIya pariprekSya ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jainadharma meM bhakti kA jo vikAsa huA vaha ina samasAmayika paristhitiyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM rahA hai| jainadharma kI bhakti sAdhanA meM anya paramparAoM se Aye tattva Aja isa taraha AtmasAt ho gaye haiM ki Aja unheM alaga kara pAnA bhI kaThina hai| jainadharma meM sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM jo prAcInatama sandarbha upalabdha hai, ve AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, RvibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana para AdhArita haiN| inameM AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM bhakti tattva anupasthita hai AcArAMga mAtra yaha batAtA hai ki merI AjJA kA pAlana dharma hai

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pro. sAgaramala jaina (1/6/2/48) / RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana meM yadyapi zraddhA ko sthAna milA hai, kintu vaha zraddhA mAtra tattvazraddhA hai| jainadharma meM samyagdarzana, jo bhakti kA AdhAra hai, prArambha meM mAtra tattvazraddhA hI rahA hai| deva, guru evaM dharma ke prati zraddhA yaha usakA paravartI artha vikAsa hai| purAtAttvika sAkSyoM meM to hameM mauryakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM mUrti-pUjA ke pramANa milane lagate haiN| mathurA meM to mUrti-pUjA ke paridRzya bhI aMkita hai| ataH yaha mAnane meM hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina paramparA meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA maurya kAla meM pallavita evaM vikasita huI hai| punaH isa dizA meM jo bhI sAkSya upalabdha hai ve saba isI tathya ko saMpoSita karate haiM ki jaina dharma meM bhakti kA vikAsa apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA se prabhAvita hotA rahA hai| hindU paramparA meM bhakti ke vividha rUpoM kA jisa prakAra kramika vikAsa huA hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI bhakti kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| phira bhI jaina aura hindU dharma kI mUlabhUta dArzanika avadhAraNAoM meM jo antara hai usake AdhAra para donoM kI bhaktiyoM kI avadhAraNA meM aura usake lakSya meM bhI antara hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jahAM hindU dharma IzvaravAdI hai vahIM jainadharma nirIzvaravAdI hai| usameM sRSTi ke nirmAtA aura pAlana kartA tathA saMhAraka Izvara kI avadhAraNA pUrNataH anupasthita hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki jahAM hindu dharma kA Izvara kRpA ke mAdhyama se apane bhaktoM ke kalyANa kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai vahAM jaina dharma ke siddha paramAtmA niSkriya hai| ve na to apane bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakate hai aura na duSToM kA damana / jainadharma meM bhakti kA tattva upasthita to hai, kintu vaha hindU paramparA meM upalabdha bhakti kI avadhAraNA se kiMcita bhinna hai, Age hama isa saMdarbha meM vistAra se vicAra kreNge| sAmAnyatayA jaina bhakti paramparA meM zraddhA, sarmapaNa, guNa-saMkIrtina yA bhajana, pUjA aura arcA yA sevA ke tattva upasthita rahe haiN| zraddhA usakA prasthAna-bindu hai aura sevA antima caraNa hai| zraddhA evaM sarmapaNa-bhAva usake mAnasika rUpa haiM aura sevA usakI kAyika abhivykti| aba hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki jaina dharma meM ina tattvoM kA vikAsa kaise huA ? jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kaise va. kisa rUpa meM AyIM yaha vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai AgamoM meM satthArabhakti (sUtrakRtAMga 1/14/20 ) 'bhatticittAoM (jJAtAdharma ) zabda milate haiN| sarvaprathama jJAtAdharma meM tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti meM sahAyaka jina 20 kAraNoM kI carcA hai unameM zruta bhakti (suyabhatti) kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isake sAtha hI usameM arahaMta, siddha, pravacana, guru, sthAvira, tapasvI Adi ke prati vatsalatA yA vallabhatA kA ullekha huA hai, jo bhakti kA hI eka rUpa hai (zAtAdharmakathA 16/14) / tattvArthasUtra meM arhata, AcArya, bahuzruta evaM pravacana ( zAstra) kI bhakti ko tIrthakaratva prApta karane ke 16 kAraNoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai (tattvArthasUtra 6/23 ) / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jJAtAdharmakathA aura Avazyakaniyukti (451-453 ) jahAM arhat, siddha, AcArya Adi ke prati vatsalatA arthAt anurAga kI bAta karate haiM, vahA~ tatvArthasUtra spaSTa rUpa se inakI bhakti kI bAta kahatA hai, kintu bhakti aura vAtsalya meM artha kI dRSTi se antara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| Age calakara to vAtsalya ko bhakti kA eka aMga mAna hI

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24 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA gayA hai / jJAtavya hai ki bhakti yA vAtsalya donoM kA artha zraddhAyukta sevA bhAva hI hai ! Avazyaka niyukti meM sarva prathama bhakti ke phala kI carcA huii| usameM kahA gayA hai ki bhattIi jiNavarANaM khijjaMtI puvvasaMciyAkammA Ayaria namukkAreNa vijjA maMtA ya sijyaMti bhattIi jiNavarANaM paramAe khINapijjadosANaM aare bohilAbhaM samAhimaraNaM ca pAvaMti / Avazyaka niyukti 1180-1111 / arthAt jina kI bhakti se pUrva saMcita karma kSINa hote haiM aura AcArya ke namaskAra se vidyA aura maMtra siddha hote haiN| punaH jinendra kI bhakti se rAga-dveSa samApta hokara Arogya, bodhi aura samAdhi lAbha hotA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM navadhA bhakti kA ullekha milatA hai ---- zravaNaM kIrtanaM viSNo smaraNaM pAdasevanam / ardhanaM vandanaM dAsyaM sakhyamAtmanivedanam / / zrImadbhAgavata (7/5/23) -- 1. zravaNa, 2. kIrtana, 3. smaraNa, 4. pAdasevana, 5. arcana, 6. vaMdana, 7. dAsya 8. sakhya aura 9 Atmanivedana / bhakti ke ina nava tatvoM meM kauna kisa rUpa meM jainaparamparA meM mAnya rahA hai, isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa apekSita hai| inameM se zravaNa zAstra- zravaNa yA jinavANI-zravaNa ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM sadaiva hI mAnya rahA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko kalyANa mArga aura pApa mArga kA bodha zravaNa se hI hotA hai, donoM ko sunakara hI jAnA jAtA hai ( dazavaikAlika 4 / 34 ) / jahA~ taka kIrtana evaM smaraNa kA prazna hai ina donoM kA antarbhAva jaina paramparA ke 'stavana' meM hotA hai| ise SaDAvazyako arthAt zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ke kartavyoM meM dUsarA sthAna prApta hai| pAdasevana aura vaMdana ko bhI jaina paramparA ke tRtIya Avazyaka kartavya ke rUpa meM vaMdana meM antarnihita mAnA jA sakatA hai / arcana ko jaina paramparA meM jina-pUjA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM muni ke liye bhAva-pUjA aura gRhastha ke liye dravya - pUjA kA vidhAna hai| jisa prakAra vaiSNava paramparA meM paMcopacAra pUjA aura SoDazopacAra pUjA kA vidhAna hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM aSTa-prakArI pUjA aura sataraha bhedI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| yadyapi dAsa, sakhya evaM Atmanivedana rUpa bhakti kI vidhAoM kA spaSTa pratipAdana to prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM nahIM milatA hai kintu jinAjJA ke paripAlana, AtmAlocana tathA vAtsalya ke rUpa meM inake mUla tattva jaina paramparA meM upalabdha haiN| bhakti ke ina aMgoM kI vistRta carcA agrima paMktiyoM meM kI gaI hai| jainadharma meM zraddhA jaina paramparA meM zraddhA ke lie sAmAnyatayA samyak darzana zabda pracalita hai| isa kA mUla artha to dekhanA yA anubhUti hI hai, kintu Age calakara jaina paramparA meM darzana zabda zraddhA ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gyaa| jaina granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki darzana zabda kA zraddhAparaka artha

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 25 eka paravartI vikAsa hai aura usake prakAroM ke vargIkaraNa ke pariNAma svarUpa astitva meM AyA hai| jaina dharma meM samyak darzana ke mukhyataH do prakAra mAne gaye haiM-- nisargataH aura adhigamaja / samyak darzana kA eka rUpa vaha hotA hai, jahAM sAdhaka apanI anubhUti se satya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / 'satya kA sAkSAtkAra yahI samyak darzana kA mUla artha hai kintu yaha taba taka sambhava nahIM hai jaba taka vyakti apane ko rAga dveSa ke paMjoM se mukta nahIM kara letaa| jaba taka vyakti sAdhaka avasthA meM hai rAga-dveSa kA atikramaNa kara lenA sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka vyakti svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra na kara leM, use vItarAga paramAtmA, jinhoMne svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai, unake kathanoM para vizvAsa karanA caahie| jaina sAhitya meM samyak-darzana ke jina pAMca aMgoM kI carcA milatI hai, unameM zraddhA bhI eka hai| lagabhaga uttarAdhyayana ( I. pU. 3- 2rI zatI) ke kAla taka jaina paramparA meM samyak darzana kA zraddhA paraka artha svIkAra ho cukA thA / kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki uttarAdhyayana evaM tatvArthasUtra (I. san 3rI zatI) ke kAla taka jainadharma meM zraddhA tattvazraddhA thii| vaha jina yA paramAtmA ke prati zraddhA ke rUpa meM susthApita nahIM huI thii| prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM zraddhA ko tattva zraddhA yA siddhAnta ke prati niSThA ke rUpa meM hI dekhA gayA / kintu jaba zraddhA ke kSetra meM tattva yA siddhAnta ke sthAna para vyakti ko pramukhatA dI gayI, to jina aura jina-vacana ke prati zraddhA hI samyak darzana kA pratIka mAnI gyii| Age calakara jina vacana ke prastotA guru ke prati bhI zraddhA ko sthAna milaa| isa prakAra zraddhA kA artha huA * deva, guru evaM dharma ke prati zraddhA / ---- jainasAdhanA ke kSetra meM sAmAnyatayA darzana (zraddhA) ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| kahA gayA hai dharma darzana (zraddhA) mUlaka haiN| jaba taka darzana zabda anubhUti yA dRSTikoNa kA sUcaka rahA taba taka darzana ko jJAna kI apekSA pradhAnatA milI kintu jaba darzana kA artha tattva - zraddhA mAna liyA gayA to usakA sthAna jJAna ke bAda nirdhArita huaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM jahA~ darzana kA zraddhA paraka artha kiyA gayA hai vahAM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jJAna se tattva ke svarUpa ko jAne aura darzana ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kare (28/35 ) / yaha satya hai ki jJAna ke abhAva meM jo zraddhA hogI usameM saMzaya kI sambhAvanA hogI aisI zraddhA aMdhazraddhA hogii| yaha satya he ki jainoM ne zraddhA ko apane sAdhanA meM sthAna diyA kintu ve isa sandarbha meM sartaka rahe ki zraddhA ko jJAnAdhiSThita honA caahie| zraddhA prajJA aura tarka se samIkSita hokara hI samyak zraddhA bana sakatI hai (uttarAdhyayana 23 / 25, 31) / isa prakAra jaina cintana meM bhakti ke mUla AdhAra zraddhA ke tattva ko sthAna to milA, kintu use anubhUti yA jJAna se samanvita kiyA gayA, tAki zraddhA andha-zraddhA na bana ske| jainadharma meM zraddhA mUlataH tattva- zraddhA yA siddhAnta ke prati AsthA rahI / usameM jo vaiyaktikatA kA tattva praviSTa huA aura vaha deva tathA guru ke prati zraddhA banI hai, usake mUla meM rahe hue hindU paramparA ke prabhAva ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| hindU paramparA meM jo Izvara ke prati athavA usake vacana ke rUpa meM vedAdi ke prati jo AsthA kI bAta kahI gaI thI, use jaina AcAryoM ne jina va jina-vANI ke prati zraddhA ke rUpa meM grahIta karake apanI paramparA meM sthAna diyaa| phira bhI yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa jisa rUpa meM hindUdharma meM huA, usa rUpa meM jainadharma meM nahIM huA hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI tAttvika

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26 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para hI apanI paramparA meM bhakti ke svarUpa ko nirdhArita kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA se bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA, kintu use apanI tattva yojanA ke caukhaTe meM prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, yadyapi kahIM-kahIM isameM skhalanA bhI huI hai| jainadharma meM stuti, guNasaMkIrtana evaM prArthanA kA prayojana : jainadharma meM bhakti ke jo dUsare spa stuti, guNa-saMkIrtana, prArthanA Adi hai, unakA svarUpa vartamAna meM to bahuta kucha hindU paramparA ke samAna hI ho gayA aura jaina bhakta bhI apane prabhu se saba kucha mAMgane lagA hai| kintu apane prAthamika rUpa meM jaina stutiyoM kA hindU paramparA kI stutiyoM se eka antara rahA hai| hindU paramparA apane prAcIna kAla se hI isa tathya meM vizvAsa karatI rahI hai ki stuti yA bhakti ke mAdhyama se hama jisa prabhu kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, vaha prasanna hokara hamAre kaSToM ko miTA detA hai| usameM IzvarIya yA daivIkRpA kA tattva sadaiva hI svIkRta rahA hai| gItA meM bhakta aura bhakti ke cAra rUpoM kI carcA hai -- 1. arthArthI, 2. Arta, 3. jijJAsu evaM 4. jJAnI / yadyapi gItA ne jijJAsu yA jJAnI ko hI saccA bhakta nirUpita kiyA hai, kintu bhakti kA jo rUpa hindU dharma meM pracalita rahA hai, usameM IzvarIya yA daivIya kRpA kI prApti kA prayojana to sadaiva hI pramukha rahatA hai, kintu jainadharma meM usako koI khAsa sthAna nahIM hai| kyoMki jainoM kA paramAtmA kisI kA kalyANa yA akalyANa karane meM samartha nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA vyakti duHkha yA pIr3A kI sthiti meM usase trANa-pAne ke lie prabhu kI bhakti karatA hai| vaha bhakti ke nAma para bhagavAna se bhI koI saudA hI karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki yadi merI amuka manokAmanA pUrNa hogI to maiM ApakI viziSTa rUpa se pUjA karUgA yA viziSTa prasAda samarpita krugaa| jainadharma meM cU~ki prArambha se hI tIrthaMkara ko vItarAga mAnA gayA hai| ataH vaha na to bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakatA hai aura na duSToM kA saMhAra / jahA~ gItA tathA anya granthoM meM prabhu ke avataraNa kA mukhya prayojana duSToM kA saMhAra evaM dharma-mArga kI sthApanA mAnA gayA hai, vahAM jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara kA uddezya mAtra dharma-mArga kI saMsthApanA karanA hai| jainoM kA paramAtmA gItA ke paramAtmA ke samAna isa prakAra kA koI AzvAsana nahIM de pAtA hai ki tuma mere prati pUrNataH samarpita ho jAo, maiM tumheM saba pApoM se mukti duuNgaa| jainadharma meM prAcIna kAla meM stuti kA prayojana prabhu se kucha pAnA nahIM rahA hai| stuti ke prayojana ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya samantabhadra apane grantha devAgama stotra meM kahate haiM ki -- he prabhu ! na to maiM Apako prasanna karane ke lie ApakI bhakti yA pUjA karatA hU~ kyoMki maiM jAnatA hU~ ki Apa vItarAga hai ataH merI pUjA se prasanna hone vAle nahIM haiN| isI prakAra Apa nindA karane para kupita bhI nahIM hoMge ki Apa vivAnta-vaira hai, maiM to Apa kI bhakti kevala isalie karatA hU~ ki Apake puNya guNoM kI smRti se merA citta pApa rUpI mala se rahita hogaa| smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina-vicAradhArA ke anusAra sAdhanA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jisakI stuti kI jAtI hai, una Adarza puruSoM se kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi kI apekSA nahIM

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pro. sAgaramala jaina hotii| tIrthaMkara evaM siddha paramAtmA mAtra sAdhanA ke Adarza haiN| ve na to kisI ko saMsAra se pAra karA sakate haiM aura na unakI kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| phira bhI stuti ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka unake guNoM ke prati apanI zraddhA ko sajIva banA letA hai| sAdhaka ke sAmane unakA mahAn Adarza jIvanta rUpa meM upasthita ho jAtA hai| vaha apane hRdaya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke Adarza kA smaraNa karatA huA AtmA meM eka AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI bhAvanA prakaTa karatA hai| vaha vicAra karatA hai ki Atmatattva ke rUpa meM merI AtmA aura tIrthaMkaroM kI AtmA samAna hI hai, yadi maiM svayaM prayatna kara, to unake samAna hI bana sakatA huuN| mujhe apane puruSArtha se unake samAna banane kA prayatna karanA caahie| jaina mAnyatA to yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se apanA AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayaM pApa se mukta hone kA prayatna na karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti kI prArthanA karanA jaina-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai| aisI viveka zUnya prArthanAoM ne mAnava jAti ko saba prakAra se hIna, dIna evaM parApekSI banAyA hai| jaba manuSya kisI aise uddhAraka meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai, jo usakI stuti se prasanna hokara use pApa se ubAra legA, to aisI niSThA se sadAcAra kI mAnyatAoM ko bhI gaharA dhakkA lagatA hai| jaina vicArakoM kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki manuSya svayaM usake lie prayAsa na kre| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra tIrthakara to sAdhanA mArga ke prakAzastambha haiN| jisa prakAra gati karanA jahAja kA kArya hai, usI prakAra sAdhanA kI dizA meM Age bar3hanA sAdhaka kA kArya hai| jaise prakAza-stambha kI upasthiti meM bhI jahAja samudra meM binA gati ke usa pAra nahIM pahu~catA, vaise hI kevala nAma-smaraNa yA bhakti sAdhaka ko nirvANa-lAbha nahIM karA sakatI, jaba taka ki usake lie samyak prayatna na ho| hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA lakSya AtmA ke zuddha-svarUpa kA bodha yA sAkSAtkAra hai| apane meM nihita paramAtma zakti ko abhivyakta karanA hai| AcArya kundakunda (niyamasAra 134-140) kahate haiM -- "samyAjJAna aura AcaraNa se yukta ho nirvANAbhimukha honA hI gRhastha aura zramaNa kI vAstavika bhakti hai| mukti ko prApta puruSoM ke guNoM kA kIrtana karanA vyAvahArika bhakti hai| vAstavika bhakti to AtmA ko mokSapatha meM yojita karanA hai| rAga-dveSa evaM sarva vikalpoM kA parihAra karake vizuddha Atmatattva se yojita honA hI vAstavika bhakti-yoga hai| aSabha Adi sabhI tIrthakara isI bhakti ke dvArA paramapada ko prApta hue hai|" isa prakAra bhakti yA stavana mUlataH Atmabodha hai, vaha apanA hI kIrtana aura stavana hai| jaina darzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue upAdhyAya devacandrajI likhate haiM-- aja-kala-yata kezarI lahare, nija pada siMha nihaal| tima prabhu bhakti bhavI lahare, Atama zakti sNbhaal|| jisa prakAra aja kula meM pAlita siMhazAkka vAstavika siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka tIrthaMkaroM ke guNakIrtana yA stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI zodha kara letA hai, svayaM meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko prakaTa kara letA hai|

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28 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jaina-sAdhanA meM bhagavAn kI stuti nirarthaka hai| jaina sAdhanA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti prasupta antazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai aura hamAre sAmane sAdhanA ke Adarza kA eka jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha usa Adarza kI prApti lie preraNA bhI banatI hai| jaina vicArakoM ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti ke mAdhyama se manuSya apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadyapi prayatna vyakti kA hI hotA hai, tathApi sAdhanA ke Adarza una mahApuruSoM kA jIvana usakI preraNA kA nimitta hotA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( 26 / 60) meM kahA hai ki stavana se vyakti kI darzana - vizuddhi hotI hai| yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhagavadbhakti ke phalasvarUpa pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| yadyapi isakA kAraNa paramAtmA kI kRpA nahIM, varan vyakti ke dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi hI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa bAta ko bar3e hI spaSTa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn ke nAma-smaraNa se pApoM kA puMja naSTa hotA hai (Avazyakaniryukti 1110 ) / AcArya vinayacandra bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM- pApa - parAla ko puMja vaNyo ati, mAno merU aakaaro| te tuma nAma hutAzana setI, sahaja hI prajalata sAro / / isa prakAra jaina dharma meM stuti yA guNa-saMkIrtana ko pApa kA praNAzaka to mAnA gayA kintu ise IzvarI kRpA kA phala mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| jainadharma ke anusAra vyakti ke pApoM ke kSaya kA kAraNa paramAtmA kI kRpA nahIM, kintu prabhu stuti kI mAdhyama se hue usake zuddha Atma-svarUpa kA bodha hai| prabhu kI stuti ke mAdhyama se jaba sAdhaka apane zuddha AtmasvarUpa ko jAna letA hai, apanI zakti kI pahacAna letA hai to vaha jJAtA - draSTA bhAva meM arthAt Atma-svabhAva meM sthita ho jAtA hai / phalataH vAsanAyeM svataH hI kSINa hone lagatI haiN| isa prakAra jainadharma meM stuti se pApoM kA kSaya aura Atma - vizuddhi to mAnI gaI kintu isakA kAraNa IzvarIya kRpA nahIM, apitu apane zuddha svarUpa kA bodha mAnA gayA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM stavana yA guNa-saMkIrtana ke rUpa meM jisa bhakti tattva kA vikAsa huA, vaha niSkAma bhakti kA hI eka rUpa thaa| jainadharma aura sakAma bhakti niSkAma bhakti kI yaha avadhAraNA Adarza hote hue bhI sAmAnyajana ke lie duHsAdhya hI hai| sAmAnyajana eka aise bhagavAna kI kalpanA karatA hai jo prasanna hokara usake duHkhoM ko dUra kara use ihalaukika sukha pradAna kara sake / yahI kAraNa rahA ki jainadharma meM stuti kI niSkAmatA dhIre-dhIre kama hotI gayI aura stutiyA~ tathA prArthanAyeM aihika lAbha ke sAtha jur3atI gayI | jaina paramparA meM stuti kA sabase prAcIna rUpa sUtrakRtAMga (I.pU. 4- 3zatI) ke chaTheM adhyayana meM 'vIra - stuti ke nAma se upalabdha hai| isameM mahAvIra ke guNoM kA saMkIrtana to hai kintu usameM kahIM bhI kucha prApta karane kI kAmanA nahI kI gaI hai| isI prakAra zakrastava arthAt indra ke 1

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 29 dvArA kI gaI tIrthaMkara kI stuti ke nAma se jAne vAle 'namotthuNaM' nAmaka stotra ( I.pU. 3rI zatI) meM bhI arahaMta evaM tIrthaMkara ke guNoM kA citraNa hote hue bhI unase kahIM koI upalabdhi kI AkAMkSA pradarzita nahIM kI gaI hai| jahA~ taka mujhe smaraNa hai, jaina paramparA meM sarva prathama paramAtmA yA prabhu se koI yAcanA kI gayI to vaha cartuviMzati stavana (I. san 1lI zatI) meM hai| isa stavana meM sarvaprathama prabhu se Arogya, bodhi aura samAdhi kI yAcanA kI gayI hai| isameM bhI bodhi evaM samAdhi to AdhyAtmika pratyaya hai, kintu Arogya ko cAhe AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM Avazyaka mAnA jAya phira bhI vaha eka laukika pratyaya hI hai| prabhu se Arogya kI kAmanA karanA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki jaina paramparA kI bhakti kI avadhAraNA meM apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA kA prabhAva AyA hai, kyoMki jaina dArzanika mAnyatAke anusAra to prabhu kisI ko Arogya bhI pradAna nahIM karatA hai| arahaMta ke rUpa meM vaha hameM mokSa-mArga yA mukti patha kA mAtra bodha karAtA hai, use bhI cala kara pAnA to hameM hI hotA | ataH isa caturviMzati stavana meM jo Arogya kI kAmanA hai vaha nizcita rUpa se jaina paramparA para anya paramparA ke prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| bhaviSya meM to isa prakAra anya prayatna bhI hue| jaina paramparA meM uvasaggahara stotra bhI paryApta rUpa se prasiddha hai| ise sAmAnyatayA bhadrabAhu dvitIya kI kRti mAnA jAtA hai| isameM prabhu se bhakta ko upasarga se chuTakArA dilAne kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| jina vipattiyoM kI carcA hai unameM jvara, sarpadaMza Adi bhI sammilita hai| yaha stotra isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA sakAma svarUpa bhI antatogatvA vikasita ho hI gayA / yadyapi jaina AcAryoM ne yahA~ jina kI stuti ke sAtha pArzva-yakSa kI stuti ko bhI jor3a diyA hai| vastutaH jaba AcAryoM ne dekhA hogA ki upAsakoM ko jaina dharma meM tabhI sthita rakhA jA sakatA hai, jaba unheM unake bhautika maMgala kA AzvAsana diyA jA ske| cU~ki tIrthaMkara dvArA kisI bhI sthiti meM bhaktoM ke bhautika maMgala kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM thI, isalie tIrthaMkara ke zAsana - saMrakSaka devoM ke rUpa meM zAsana devatA ( yakSa-yakSI) kI kalpanA AyI aura isa rUpa meM hindU paramparA ke hI aneka deviyoM ko na kevala samAhita kiyA gayA, apitu yaha bhI mAnA gayA ki unakI upAsanA yA bhakti karane para ve prasanna hokara bhautika duHkhoM ko dUra karate haiM / yakSa-yakSiNiyoM ke jaina dharma meM praveza ke sAtha hI usameM hindU dharma kI karma-kANDa paraka tAMtrika upAsanA paddhati kucha saMzodhanoM evaM parivartanoM ke sAtha samAhita kara lI gii| jaina stotra sAhitya meM saMskRta meM jo sundara stutiyA~ likhI gaI unameM siddhasena divAkara kI dvAtriMzikAe~ tathA samantabhadra ke devAgama Adi stotra prasiddha haiN| saMskRta meM racita ye stutiyAM na kevala jinastuti haiM, apitu jina stuti ke byAja se pracalita dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI sundara samIkSA bhI haiN| ina stutiyoM meM jainadharma kA dArzanika svarUpa adhika ubharakara sAmane AyA hai| isalie ina stutiyoM ko bhaktiparaka kama aura darzanaparaka adhika mAnA jA sakatA hai| AThavIM-navIM zatI ke pazcAt jina bhaktiparaka stotroM kI racanA jaina paramparA meM huI, unameM bhaktAmara stotra, kalyANamaMdira stotra Adi supasiddha haiN| yadyapi ye stotra jaina paramparA meM sakAma bhakti kI avadhAraNA kI vikAsa ke bAda hI racita haiN| inameM pada-pada para laukika kalyANa kI

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30 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA prArthanAe~ bhI haiN| paravartI kAla meM to maru-gurjara, purAnI hindI Adi meM bahuta sI stutiyA~ likhI gaIM, jinameM AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha laukika kalyANa kI prArthanA kI gaI / yadyapi Anandaghana aura devacanda jaise kaviyoM kI caubIsiyoM bhaktirasa se ota-prota hai| madhyakAla meM viSNusahastranAma ke samAna jaina paramparA meM bhI jinasahastranAma jaise grantha likhe ge| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM stutiyoM eva stutiparaka sAhitya kI racanA ati prAcInakAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka jIvita rahI hai aura hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhakti gIta likhe gaye jinakA sampUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karanA isa lekha meM sambhava nahIM hai| yadyapi jainadharma meM sakAma stutiyoM yA prArthanAoM ke rUpa yatra-tatra parilakSita hote haiM, kintu vItarAgatA aura mukti kI AkAMkSI jaina paramparA meM phalAkAMkSA se yukta sakAma bhakti kA koI sthAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, yaha hameM smaraNa rahanA caahie| kyoMki jaina paramparA meM phalAkAMkSA ko zalya (kAMTA ) kahA gayA hai / phalAkAMkSA sahita bhakti ko nidAna - zalya kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA yathArtha Adarza kyA rahA hai ? ise jaina kavi dhananjaya ne nimna zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai iti stutiM deva vidhAya dainyAd, varaM na yAce tvamupekSako'si / chAyA taruM saMyataH svataH syAt karAyayA yAcitayA''tmalAbhaH / athAsti ditsA yadivoparodhaH tvayyeva saktAM diza bhakti buddhiM / kariSyate deva tathA kupAM me, ko vAtmapoSye sumukho na sUrIH / he prabhu! isa prakAra ApakI stuti karake maiM Apase koI varadAna nahIM mAMganA cAhatA hU~, kyoMki kucha mAMganA to eka prakAra kI dInatA hai, punaH Apa rAga-dveSa se rahita haiM, binA rAga ke kauna kisa kI AkAMkSA pUrI karatA hai, punaH chAyAvAle vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara chAyA kI yAcanA karanA to vyartha hI hai / vaha to svataH hI prApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM bhakti kA utsa to niSkAmatA hI hai| usameM sakAmatA jo tattva praviSTa huA hai, vaha hindU paramparA aura sama-sAmayika paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva hai / jaina paramparA meM stuti yA stavana kA mahattva to isI tathya se spaSTa ho jAtA hai, usameM muni athavA gRhastha ke jo dainika SaT Avazyaka kartavya batAye gae haiM, usameM dUsare krama para stuti kA nirUpaNa hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki zraddhA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma meM bhakti kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa pakSa stuti bhI svIkRta rahA hai| stuti vastutaH upAsya ke guNoM kA hI saMkIrtana hai| jaina paramparA meM jo stutiyAM upalabdha haiM, unameM arahaMta, siddha yA tIrthakara ke guNoM kA saMkIrtana kiyA jAtA hai, kintu isakA mukhya uddezya to AtmA kI zuddha svabhAva dazA kI upalabdhi hI hai| saMta Anandaghana jI likhate hai---

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pro. sAgaramala jaina Apano Atama bhAvaje, eka cetanano dhAra re| avara savi sAtha saMjogathI, e nija parikara sAra re|| prabhu mukha thI ina sAMbhalI, kahai AtamarAma re| thAharai darisaNe nistarayo, mujha sIdhA savi kAma re|| -- zAMti jina stavana vaMdana vaMdana ko jaina paramparA meM muni va gRhastha donoM ke SaT-Avazyaka kartavyoM meM tIsarA sthAna hai| puNya karma ke vivecana meM bhI namaskAra ko puNya kahA gayA hai| namaskAra yA vaMdana tabhI saMbhava hotA hai jaba usameM vaMdanIya ke prati pUjya-buddhi yA samAdara bhAva ho| isa prakAra vaMdana bhI bhakti kA hI eka rUpa hai| jainoM ke pavitra namaskAra maMtra meM pA~ca padoM ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai| ve pAMca pada haiM -- 1. arahaMta 2. siddha 3. AcArya 4. upAdhyAya aura 5. sAdhu / yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya yaha hai ki isa namaskAra maMtra meM viziSTa guNoM ke dhAraNa karane vAle padoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, vyakti ko nhiiN| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM vyakti kI upAsanA ke sthAna para guNoM kI upAsanA ko pradhAnatA dI gyii| vyakti ko to guNoM ke AdhAra para hI vaMdanIya mAnA gayA hai| vaMdana meM mukhya rUpa se arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, gurU evaM apane se pada, yogyatA, dIkSA Adi meM jyeSTha vyakti ko vaMdanIya mAnA jAtA hai| vaMdana kA yaha tattva eka ora vyakti ke ahaMkAra ko vigalita karane kA sAdhana hai to dUsarI ora vinaya-guNa kA bhI vikAsa karatA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki ahaMkAra ko sabhI dharma paramparAoM meM durguNa mAnA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM vinaya ko dharma kA mUla yA AdhAra kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM isa prazna para bhI gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki vaMdanIya kauna hai ? jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM jaina paramparA meM uparyukta pA~ca pada ko dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti hI vaMdanIya mAne gaye haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jina vyaktiyoM meM ina padoM ke lie varNita yogyatA kA abhAva hai ve veza yA pada sthApita ho jAne mAtra se vaMdanIya nahIM bana aate| jaina paramparA spaSTa rUpa se zithilAcAriyoM ke vaMdana aura saMsarga kA niSedha karatI hai kyoMki inake mAdhyama se samAja meM duSpravRttiyoM ko na kevala bar3hAvA milatA hai apitu sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI zithilAcAra Ane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH vaMdana kisako kiyA jAya aura kise na kiyA jAya, isa sambandha meM viveka ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vaMdana kaise kiyA jAya, isa sambandha meM bhI jaina paramparA meM vistAra se carcA upalabdha hotI hai, sAtha hI usameM sadoSa vaMdana ke doSoM kA citraNa bhI huA hai| vistArabhaya se usakI carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| jainoM ke namaskAra maMtra meM jo pA~ca pada vaMdanIya hai unameM tIrthaMkara yA arhata ke lie kevala siddha pada vaMdanIya hotA hai| AcArya ke lie arahaMta aura siddha ye do pada vaMdanIya hai| isI lie prAcIna abhilekhoM meM sAmAnyatayA arahaMta va siddha aise do padoM ke namaskAra kA ullekha hai| upAdhyAya ke lie arahaMta, siddha evaM AcArya -- ye tIna pada vaMdanIya hai| jabaki sAmAnya muniyoM ke lie arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura apane se dIkSA meM jyeSTha muni isa prakAra pA~coM

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32 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA hI pada vaMdanIya hote haiN| isI prakAra gRhastha ke lie bhI uparyukta pA~coM hI pada vaMdanIya mAne gaye haiN| jaina paramparA meM jo vaMdana ke pATha upalabdha haiM unake anusAra vaMdana meM pUjya - buddhi yA sammAna kA bhAva Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| pUjya-buddhi ke abhAva meM vaMdana kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| stuti evaM vaMdana donoM meM hI guNa saMkIrtana kI bhAvanA spaSTa rUpa se jur3I hai| pUjA, arcA aura bhakti jaina paramparA meM mUrti pUjA kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se pAyI jAtI hai| tIrthakaroM kI pratimAoM kI pUjA kA vidhAna AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| paravartI kAla meM zAsana- devatA ke rUpa meM yakSa- yakSI evaM kSetrapAloM (bhairava) kI pUjA bhI hone lgii| jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kA nirmANa I. pU. tIsarI zatI se to spaSTa rUpa se hone laga gayA thA, kyoMki mauryakAla kI jina - pratimA upalabdha hotI hai| isase pUrva bhI nanda rAjA ke dvArA kaliMga - jina kI pratimA ko uThAkara le jAne kA jo khAravela kA abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha hai| usake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki maurya kAla se pUrva bhI tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thA / kintu usa yuga kI jina pratimA kI pUjA-arcA kI vidhi ko batAne vAlA koI grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| jaina paramparA meM pUjA-arcA ke vidhi-vidhAna evaM mandira nirmANa kalA Adi ke sUcita karane vAle jo grantha upalabdha haiM, ve lagabhaga I. san kI prArambhika sadiyoM ke hai| jaina AgamoM meM sthAnAMga jJAtAdharma evaM rAjapraznIya sUtra meM maMdira saMracanA evaM jina pratimAoM kI pUjana vidhi ke ullekha haiN| mathurA ke prathama zatI ke aMkanoM se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| kyoMki unameM kamala-puSpa le jAte hue zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jo pUjA vidhi rAjapraznIya sUtra aura paravartI granthoM meM upalabdha hai usake anusAra muni aura sAdhviyAM to jina pratimAoM kI vaMdana evaM stuti ke rUpa meM bhAva pUjA hI karate haiN| gRhastha hI unakI pUjA sAmagrI se dravya pUjA karatA hai| gRhastha kI pUjA vidhi ke anusAra kUpa athavA puSkaraNI meM snAna karake vahAM se kamala puSpa aura jala lekara jina pratimA kA pUjana kiyA jAtA thaa| jJAtAdharma va rAjapraznIya meM jina pratimA kI pUjA vidhi nimna prakAra se varNita haiM - -- "tatpazcAt sUryAbhadeva cAra hajAra sAmAnika devoM yAvat aura dUsare bahuta se devoM aura deviyoM se pariveSThita hokara apanI samasta Rddhi, vaibhava yAvat vAdyoM kI tumula dhvanipUrvaka jahA~ siddhAyatana thA, vahAM aayaa| pUrva dvAra se praveza karake jahA~ devakadaka aura jina pratimAe~ thIM, vahAM AyA / vahAM Akara usane jina pratimAoM ko dekhate hI praNAma karake lomamayI pramArjanI ( mayUra - piccha kI pUMjanI) hAtha meM lI aura pramArjanI ko lekara jina pratimAoM ko pramArjita kiyaa| pramArjita karake surabhi gandhodaka se una jina pratimAoM kA prakSAlana kiyA / prakSAlana karake sarasa gozIrSa candana kA lepa kiyaa| lepa karake kASAyika surabhi gandha se suvAsita vastra se unako pochA / una jina - pratimAoM ko akhaNDa devadUSya-yugala pahanAyA / devadUSya pahanA kara puSpa, mAlA, gandha, cUrNa, varNa, vastra aura AbhUSaNa cddh'aaye| ina sabako car3hAne ke anantara phira Upara se nIce taka laTakatI huI lambI-lambI golA mAlAe~ phnaaii| mAlAe~ pahanAkara paMcarage puSpagaNoM ko hAtha meM lekara unakI varSA kI aura mAMDane mADaMkara usa sthAna ko suzobhita

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 33 kiyaa| phira una jina pratimAoM ke sanmukha zubhra, salaune, rajatamaya akSata tanduloM (cAvaloM) se ATha-ATha maMgaloM kA Alekhana kiyA, yakSa, svAstika yAvat darpaNa tadantara una jina pratimAoM ke sammukha zreSTha kAle agara, kundara, turuSka, aura dhUpa kI mahakatI sugandha se vyApta aura dhUpabattI ke samAna surabhigandha ko phailAne vAle svarNa evaM maNiratnoM se racita citra-vicitra racanAoM se yukta vaiDUryamaya dhUpadAna ko lekara dhUpakSepa kiyA tathA vizuddha apUrva artha sampanna apunarukta mahimAzAlI eka sau ATha chandoM meM stuti kI / stuti karake sAta ATha paga pIche haTA aura phira pIche haTakara bAMyA ghuTanA UMcA kiyA aura dAyAM ghuTanA jamIna para TikAkara tIna bAra mastaka ko bhUmi tala para namAyA / namAkara kucha UMcA uThA tathA mastaka UcA~ karake donoM hAtha joDakara Avarta pUrvaka mastaka para aMjali karake prabhu kI stuti kii| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki munijana jo sacitta dravya kA sparza bhI nahIM karate the ve kevala vaMdana yA guNa-stavana hI karate the kintu gRhastha pUjana sAmagrI meM sacitta dravyoM kA upayoga karate the| yadyapi usa sambandha meM aneka satarkatAeM baratI jAtI haiM jinakA ullekha 7-8vIM zatI ke jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| jainoM kI pUjA vidhi kI jaba hama vaiSNava vidhi se tulanA karate haiM taba hama pAte haiM ki donoM meM kAphI samAnatA thii| mAtra yahI nahIM jainoM ne apanI pUjA vidhi ko vaiSNava paramparA se gRhIta kiyA thaa| unake AhvAna, visarjana Adi ke mantra na kevala hindU paramparA kI nakala haiM, apitu unakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM isakI svatantracarcA hamane anya lekha meM kI hai (zramaNa 1860) vItarAga paramAtmA kI jisane tyAga, vairAgya va tapa kA upadeza diyA usakI pUjA, puSpa, phala, naivedya, dhUpa, dIpa Adi se kI jAya yaha spaSTa rUpa se anya paramparA kA prabhAva hai| cUMki vaiSNava paramparA meM yaha vidhi pracalita thI jainoM ne unhIM se gRhIta kara liyA aura ve jina pUjA ke aMga mAna liye ge| vaiSNava paramparA meM paMcopacAra pUjA va SoDaSopacAra pUjA ke ullekha milate haiN| jainoM meM usake sthAna para aSTa prakArI pUjA evaM sataraha bhedI pUjA ke ullekha hai| donoM meM nAma krama Adi dekhane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM pUjA vidhi kA vikAsa vaiSNava paramparA se prabhAvita hai| sAmAnyatayA bhakti ke kSetra meM vigraha-pUjA kI prAthamikatA rahI hai aura jaina paramparA meM bhI cAhe kiMcita paravartI kyoM na hoM, kintu jina mUrtiyoM kI pUjA ke rUpa meM isakA pracalana huaa| jaina pUjA paddhati vaiSNava bhakti paramparA se na kevala prabhAvita rahI, apitu usakA anukaraNa mAtra hai tathA jaina darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha hai isa tathya kI paM. phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI ne bhI jJAna-pITha pUjAjalI meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| maine bhI apane lekha jaina dharma ke dhArmika anuSThAna evaM kalA tattva meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| yahAM isakA ullekha mAtra yaha batAnA hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti mArga kA jo vikAsa hai, vaha hindU paramparA se prabhAvita hokara hI huA hai| jahAM taka dAsa, sakhya, evaM Atma-nivedana rUpa bhaktiyoM ke ullekha kA prazna hai, anIzvaravAdI jaina paramparA meM svAmI-sevaka bhAva se prabha kI upAsanA svIkata nahIM rahI hai, kyoMki usameM bhakti kA lakSya usa paramAtma dazA kI prApti hai jisameM svAmI-sevaka kA bhAva

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samApta ho jAtA hai| phira bhI sAdhaka dazA meM paramAtmA ke prati pUjya buddhi jaina paramparA meM bhI mAnya rahI aura usa rUpa meM jaina sAdhaka apane ko paramAtmA kA sekka bhI sUcita karatA hai| jaina bhakti gItoM meM aneka sthAnoM para bhakta apane ko paramAtmA ke sevaka ke rUpa meM prastuta bhI karatA hai| jaina saMta Anandaghana jI likhate haiM 34 -- eka araja sevaka taNIre, avadhAro jinadeva / kRpA karI mujha dIjie re, Anandaghana pada seva 11 vimala jina stavana - -- jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA phira bhI vaiSNava bhakti paramparA meM jo sadaiva hI paramAtmA kA sevaka bane rahane kI utkaTa bhAvanA hai, vaha jaina paramparA meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| usakA Adarza to svayaM paramAtma pada ko prApta kara lenA hai| usa sarvocca sthiti meM svAmI aura sevaka kA bheda nahIM raha jaataa| bhakta sadaiva hI yaha prArthanA karatA hai ki bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca kA yaha antara kaise samApta ho ? santa Anandaghana jI likhate haiM ki - padyaprabha jina tujha muja AMtarUM re, kima bhAMje bhagavaMta / karma vipAka kAraNa jor3anere koI kahe matimaMta / / anta meM usa antara ko samApta hone kI pUrNa AsthA rakhate hue bhakta kahatA hai ki - tujha mujha antara anta bhAMjase bAjasye maMgalatUra- Anandaghana granthAvalI, padmaprabha jinastavana / isI prakAra sahajAnanda jI prabhu kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM ki supArasa prabhu sevathI, sevaka sevya samAnaH anubhava gamya karI laho, sahajAnandaghana yAna... ---- jaina bhakti kA Adarza vAkya hai. vande tad guNalabdhaye-tattvArthasUtra - maMgalAcaraNa | isa prakAra jaina dharma meM bhakti kA prayojana paramAtma dazA ko prApta kara svAmI sevaka bhAva samApta karanA hI rahA hai| isI prakAra sakhya bhAva se bhakti ke ullekha bhI jaina paramparA meM mila jAte haiN| phira bhI donoM paramparA meM jo maulika antara hai use lakSya meM rakhanA hI hogaa| jaina paramparA meM paramAtmA koI eka vyakti vizeSa nahIM hai jisase sakhya bhAva se jur3A jA ske| apitu pratyeka AtmA kA apanA zuddha svarUpa hI usakA sakhA yA mitra haiM / isI prakAra vaiSNava paramparA meM paramAtmA ko pati mAnakara bhakti kI paramparA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| prema aura viraha ke rUpa meM bhakti gItoM kA paramparA ati prAcIna hai / yadyapi jaina paramparA kI sAdhanA kA mukhya uddezya to rAga-bhAva se Upara uThanA hI rahA hai phira bhI paramAtmA ke prati ananya prema kA prakaTana usameM bhI huA hai| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM yaha saba vaiSNava bhaktimArgI paramparA kA hI prabhAva rahA hai| samayasundara, Anandaghana, yazovijaya, devacandra Adi jaina kaviyoM ne paramAtmA ko pati mAnakara aneka bhakti gItoM kI racanA kI / Anandaghana ne

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 35 viraha-bhakti ke aneka gIta likhe haiN| unake kucha udAharaNa prastuta hai -- RSabha jiNesara prItama mAharo, aura na cAhU~ kNt| rAiyoM sAhaba seja na parihare, bhAge sAdi annt|| prIta sagAI jaga mAM saha karai, prIta sagAI na koy| prIta sagAI nirUpAdhika kAhI re, sopAdhika dhana khoy|| prItama prAnapati binA, priyA kaise jIvai ho| prAna-pavana virahA-dazA, bhuaMgani pIyai ho|| sItala paMkhA kumakumA, candana kahA lAvai ho| anala na virahAlana yaha hai, tana tApa bar3hAvai ho|| vedana viraha avAha hai, pAnI nava nejA ho| kauna habIba tabIba hai, TArai karaka karejA ho|| gAla hathelI lagAi kai, surasiMdhu hamelI ho| aMsuvana nIra bahAya ke, sIMghU kara belI ho|| milApI Ana milAyo re, mere anubhava mIThaDe miit| pAtika piu piu karai re, pIu milAve na aan| jIva pIvana pIuM pII karai pyAre, jIu niu Ana ayaan|| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM viraha va prema ko lekara aneka bhakti gItoM kI racanAeM huI hai| usameM zuddha caitanya AtmA ko pati tathA AtmA ke samatA rUpa svAbhAvika dazA ko patnI tathA AtmA kI hI vaibhAvika dazA ko sauta ke rUpa meM citrita kara AdhyAtmika prema kA anUThA varNana kiyA gayA hai| nArada bhaktisUtra meM prema svarUpA bhakti ke nimna myAraha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai -- 1. guNamahAtmyAsakti 2. spAsakti 3. pUjAsakti 4. smaraNAsakti 5. dAsyAsakti 6. sakhyAsakti 7. kAntAsakti 8. vAtsalyAsakti 9. AtmanivedanAsakti 10. tanmayatAsakti 11. paramavirahAsakti inameM bhI rUpAsakti, smaraNAsakti, guNamahAtmyAsakti aura pUjAsakti to stavana, vaMdana evaM pUjana ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| zeSa dAsa sakhya, kAntA, vAtsalya Adi ko bhI paravartI jainAcAryoM ne apanI paramparAgata dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa banAkara prastuta kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA stavana, vaMdana, vinaya, pUjA aura sevA ina sabhI pakSoM ko samAhita kiye hue hai| sevA ke kSetra meM bhakti ke do rUpa rahe hai -- eka to svayaM ArAdhya Adi kI pratimA kI sevA karanA, gItA ke yuga se hI saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko prabhu kA pratinidhi mAnakara unakI sevA ko bhI bhakti meM sthAna diyA gyaa| jaina paramparA meM bhI nizItha cUrNi ( sAtavIM zatI) meM yaha prazna uThA ki eka vyakti jo prabhu kA nAma

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36 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA smaraNa karatA hai, dUsarA jo glAna vRddha va rogiyoM kI suzruSA karatA hai, unameM kauna zreSTha hai ? isa sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo vRddha, rogI Adi kI sevA karatA hai, vaha bhagavAna kI hI sevA karatA hai| isa prakAra bhakti meM sevA kI jo avadhAraNA thI, usane eka loka-kalyANakArI rUpa grahaNa kiyA, yahI jaina bhakti kI vizeSatA hai|