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________________ jainadharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava evaM itihAsa -pro. narendra bhAnAvata jainadharma kA vaiziSTya jainadharma mUlataH AtmavAdI dharma hai| isameM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA, bhartA aura hartA na mAnakara, use Atma-cetanA kI carama vikAsa kI sthiti meM dekhA jAtA hai| vyakti ko sukha-duHkha Izvara ke dvArA deya nahIM hai| AtmA svayaM hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai| sadpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA mitra rUpa hai jabaki duSpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA zatru rUpa hai --- "appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| appA mittamamittaM ca, dupaTThiyasuppaTThio" / / 1 / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20/37 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAdhanA ke kendra meM pratiSThita devI-devatAoM ke sthAna para manuSya kI puruSArtha-sAdhanA ko pratiSThita kiyA aura yaha udghoSaNA kI ki manuSya meM ananta-zakti vidyamAna hai| use sAdhanA ke barA jAgrata kara vaha paramAtmadazA ko prApta ho sakatA hai| paramAtmA kahIM bAhara nahIM hai, vaha manuSya ke antarjagata meM pratiSThita hai| ataH bAharI yuddhoM kI nirarthakatA ghoSita karate hue unhoMne apane hI vikAroM se yuddha karane ko, usameM vijaya prApta karane ko parama vijaya btaayaa| antima dezanA meM unhoMne spaSTa kahA -- jo puruSa durjeya saMgrAma meM dasa lAkha yoddhAoM para vijaya prApta kare, usakI apekSA jo apane Apako jItatA hai. vaha parama vijaya hai-- "jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jinne| egaM jiNejja appANaM, esa se paramo jao"11211 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/34 Atmavijaya meM sabase bar3I bAdhA vyakti ke svayaM ke manovikAra hai, jinheM rAga-dveSa kahA gayA hai| anukUla ke prati rAga aura pratikUla ke prati deSa ke kAraNa vyakti saMkalpa-vikalpa karatA rahatA hai| mana, vacana, kAyA ke dvArA rAga aura deSa kI vRttiyoM se baMdhakara vyakti apanI Atma-zaktiyoM ko AcchAdita kara letA hai| zAstrIya bhASA meM ise karmoM kA AvaraNa kahA gayA hai| rAga kI abhivyakti mAyA, moha, bhoga, lobha Adi meM hotI hai aura dveSa kI abhivyakti krodha, mAna, IrSyA Adi meM inheM kaSAya kahA gayA hai| kASAyika vRttiyoM dvArA manuSya sAMsArika prapaMcoM meM kasatA jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usakI Atma-zaktiyA~ manda aura kuMThita ho jAtI haiM, vaha parAdhIna hokara jar3a padArthoM se baMdhatA calatA hai| jaba taka vaha ina karma-AvaraNoM se apanI AtmA ko alaga nahIM kara letA, vikAroM ko naSTa nahIM kara letA, taba taka akhaNDa, akSaya, Ananda kA anubhava nahIM kara paataa| jaba vaha saMyama dvArA naye Ane vAle pApa karmoM ko roka detA hai aura tapa ke dvArA saMcita purAne karmoM ko naSTa kara detA hai, taba vaha vItarAga bana jAtA hai| vItarAgatA kI prApti hI saccI mukti hai| samyak-jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kI ArAdhanA kara vaha Atma-zakti kA ghAta karane vAle jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| ina ghAtI karmoM ke naSTa hone para sAdhaka kI AtmA atyanta, nirmala, vizuddha ho paramAtmadazA ko prApta kara letI hai| yahI arhat athavA jIvanamukta avasthA hai, jisameM mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti rahate hue bhI karma banna nahIM hotaa| zarIra chor3ane para jisa nirvANa-dazA kI prApti hotI hai, vaha siddha-avasthA hai| jainadharma sAdhanA kA antima lakSya isI arhat aura siddha avasthA kI prApti hai| 141
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________________ jainadharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava evaM itihAsa 2. upAsanA kI vividha sAdhanA paddhatiyA~ AtmA aura paramAtmA, jina aura ziva ke pArasparika sambandhoM aura svarUpa ko lekara vividha upAsanA paddhatiyoM kA vikAsa huA hai| moTe taura para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prArambha meM jaba sRSTi ke prAMgaNa meM jIva ne A~kheM kholI hoMgI to vividha prAkRtika dRzyoM aura zaktiyoM ko dekhakara vaha Azcaryacakita raha gayA hogaa| prAkRtika ghaTanAoM aura badalate hue dRzyoM ko usane utsukatA, jijJAsA aura kutUhala bharI dRSTi se dekhA hogaa| isI manaHsthiti meM usane paMca tattvoM -- pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza kI zaktiyoM ke spa meM vibhinna devoM kI kalpanA kI hogii| jyoM-jyoM usakA samparka vividha zaktiyoM se hotA gayA, usakI deva kalpanA vistAra pAtI gayI aura bahudevavAda kI dhAraNA puSTa hotI gayI, para jaba bahirmukhI utsukatA aura jijJAsA kama hone lagI, tarka aura jJAna sakSama hone lagA to bahadevavAda se paMcadeva upAsanA aura trideva -- brahmA, viSNu maheza kI pratiSTha ke krama meM eka brahama-ekezvaravAda, ekatvavAda, nirguNa-nirAkAra, niraMjanazakti jo sarvopari hai, sarva zaktimAna hai, kI dhAraNA puSTa bnii| yaha nirguNa-nirAkAra brahma kahIM bAhara nhiiN| isakI upAsanA ne bahirmukhI pravRtti ko antarmukhI bnaayaa| jJAna, yoga, dhyAna aura sadAcAra upAsanA ke mukhya aMga bane, para sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie nirguNa-nirAkAra upAsanA sahaja-sarala na thii| ataH avatAravAda ke rUpa meM saguNa-sAkAra upAsanA sAmane AyI, jisameM vibhinna avatAra paramAtmA kI. abhivyakti ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue| bhakti, samarpaNa, stuti, stavana isa upAsanA ke mukhya aMga bne| donoM upAsanAoM kA mukhya uddezya vikAroM ko dUra kara zuddha aura nirmala banakara paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karanA rahA hai| saguNa-sAkAra rUpa meM Alambana kI pravRtti hone se mana kI ekAgratA sadhane meM vizeSa sahAyatA milatI hai| yaha saguNa-sAkAra Alambana prArambha meM maMgala cihUna svastika, dhvaja, kalaza, vRkSa Adi ke rUpa meM sAmane aayaa| kAlAntara meM isane smRti cihana kA spa grahaNa kiyaa| citA para banAye jAne vAle aise smRti cihana Age calakara stUpa aura caitya kahe jAne lge| mathurA va anyatra huI khudAI se prApta purAtAtvika avazeSa AyAgapaTTa isI prakAra ke pratIka cihna hai| inake sAtha sambandhita mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI viziSTa ghaTanAoM kI smRti jur3I huI thii| usakA smaraNa kara jIvana meM vizeSa preraNA jage, yaha abhISTa thaa| inake sAtha kisI camatkAra, atizaya yA pUjya bhAva kA jur3Ava nahIM thA, na unakI pUjA hotI thii| phoTogrAphI kA vikAsa hone para jisa prakAra Aja hama apane pUrvajoM yA paricitoM ke citra saMcita-saMrakSita karate haiM, tAki unakI smRti banI rahe, para hama unakI na pUjA karate haiM, na kisI prakAra kI abhyarthanA karate haiN| prAcIna jaina zAstroM meM, aMga sUtroM meM caitya Adi ke jo saMketa milate haiM, ve isI rUpa meM smRti cihana hone sambhAvita hai| caitya kA artha mUla spa meM usa avasthA yA sthAna se hai, jahA~ sAdhaka apanI cittavRtti kA, cetanA kA antarAvalokana, dhyAna karatA hai| isI artha meM ise jJAna se jor3A jA sakatA hai| bAda meM caitya zabda kA artha apanI AntarikatA ko chor3akara bahirmukhI bana gayA aura usakA artha mandira kiyA jAne lgaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga bauddhikajAgaraNa kA yuga thaa| calI AtI huI gatAnugatika pAramparikatA ko unhoMne jhakajhorA / kahA jAtA hai unake samaya meM 363 dArzanika mata pracalita the| AjIvaka mata kA pravartaka gozAlaka apane ko tIrthaMkara mAnatA thaa| pUraNa kAzyapa, saMjaya vailaTThIputra, pakudha kAtyAyAna, ajita kezakambala Adi pramukha dArzanika apanI-apanI vicAradhArA kA pracAra kara rahe the| mahAvIra ne ina sabakA Alor3ana-vilor3ana kara zuddha cetanA ke stara para AtmavAdI dharma kI pratiSThA kI, jisameM indriyajayatA aura AtmAnubhava pramukha the, para mahAvIra ke sAtha hI tIrthakara paramparA samApta ho gyii| unake prathama evaM jyeSTha ziSya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko usI rAtri kevalajJAna ho gayA, jisa rAtri mahAvIra nirvANa ko prApta hue| isa kAraNa indrabhUti gautama mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke uttarAdhikArI na bana sake aura gaNadhara sudharmA prathama paTTadhara- uttarAdhikArI bne| sudharmA ke bAda jambUsvAmI dvitIya paTTadhara hue| jambUsvAmI ke sAtha kevalajJAna kI paramparA samApta ho gyii| jambU antima kevalI the| kevalI kAla ke bAda zrutakevalI kAla prArambha hotA hai| yaha kAla vIra nirvANa saM. 64 se 170 taka kula 106 varSa taka calatA hai| isa kAla meM AcArya 142
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________________ pro. narendra bhAnAvata prabhavasvAmI, AcArya zayyaMbhava, AcArya yazobhadra, AcArya saMbhUtivijaya aura AcArya bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hue| usake bAda vIranirvANa saM.. 170 se 584 (414 varSa) kA kAla 10 pUrvadhara kAla kahalAtA hai| isa kAla meM AcArya sthUlabhadra, AcArya mahAgiri, AcArya suhastI jaise sAcArya hue| vIranirvANa saM. 584-1000 taka (416 varSa) kA kAla sAmAnya pUrvadhara kAla hai| isa kAla meM AryarakSita, AcArya vajasena, AcArya nAgArjuna, AcArya bhUtadinna, AcArya devardhikSamAzramaNa jaise mahAn AcArya hue| isa yuga taka Ate-Ate smRti doSa ke kAraNa zruta paramparA se cale Aye Agama pAThoM meM matabheda ho gyaa| AcArya devardhikSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM zramaNa saMgha kI eka samiti valabhI (gujarAta) meM huI aura smRti ke AdhAra para jaina Agama lipibaddha kiye gye| vartamAna meM jo jaina Agama pracalita haiM, ve isI samiti kI dena hai| pAramparika dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 609 varSoM ke bAda jainadharma do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA -- digambara aura zvetAmbara ! jo mata sAdhuoM kI nagnatA kA pakSadhara thA, vaha digambara kahalAyA arthAt dizAyeM hI jinake vastra hai| jo mata sAdhuoM ke vastra-pAtra Adi kA samarthaka rahA, vaha zvetAmbara kahalAyA arthAt zveta haiM vastra jinke| Age jAkara digambara mata kaI saMghoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| inameM mukhya haiM -- drAvir3asaMgha, kASTAsaMgha aura maathursNgh| zvetAmbara saMgha bhI do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA -- caityavAsI aura vnvaasii| kAlapravAha ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa zuddha Atmika krAMtimUlaka dharma sAdhanA kA mArga prastuta kiyA, usameM zuddhatA kA bhAva gauNa hotA calA gayA aura devarvAda, mUrtivAda tathA usase utpanna vikRtiyA~ ghara karatI gyiiN| ina vikRtiyoM ke kaI aitihAsika, sAmAjika, dhArmika aura naitika kAraNa hai| aitihAsika kAraNoM se dakSiNa bhArata meM panapane vAlA zaivamata, liMgAyata sampradAya tathA zaMkarAcArya kA advaitavAda pramukha haiN| vyApaka stara para jainadharma aura usake anuyAyiyoM ke khilApha vidroha kA vAtAvaraNa banA aura isa saMgharSa ne sAmUhika hiMsA taka kA spa le liyaa| apane astitva kI rakSA ke lie jaina AcAryoM ne hindU dharma kI pUjA-paddhati, kriyAkANDa aura saMskAra vidhi ko apanA liyaa| yahA~ taka ki janeU bhI dhAraNa kara lii| bhagavAn buddha ke madhyama mArga ko apanA kara jainadharma kI kaThora tapazcaryA vidhi kA bhI saralIkaraNa kiyA gyaa| isake phalasvarUpa bhI AcAra-vicAra meM zithilatA aayii| bauddhadharma kI mahAyAnazAkhA meM mUrtipUjA ko sthAna milaa| dhIre-dhIre stuti, stavana evaM preraNAspa bhakti ne mUrtipUjA kA sthAna liyA aura kAlAntara meM mUrtipUjA guNAnurAga bhakti kA preraNA spana raha kara dravya pUjA aura tajjanya ADambaroM, pradarzanoM meM ulajhakara raha gyii| sAdhu aura zrAvaka ke lie Agama granthoM meM jo SaTkarma saMketita hai| ve haiM-- sAmAyika caubIsa stava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura prtyaakhyaan| ye SaTkarma-SaDAvazyaka kahe gaye haiN| inakA mukhya uddezya para-padArthoM se haTa kara antarmukhI honA hai| inameM vItarAga prabhu kI stuti aura stavana kA ullekha hai| mUrti pratiSThA aura mUrtipUjA kA saMketa nahIM hai| upAsakadazAMga, bhagavatIsUtra, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, samavAyAMga, ThANAMga Adi Agama granthoM meM jahA~ zrAvakAcAra kA varNana AyA hai, vahA~ kahIM bhI mUrtipUjA kA ullekha nahIM hai| caitya aura yakSAyatana kA jahA~ ullekha hai usakA artha jina-mUrtipratiSThita mandiroM se nahIM hai| sAdhuoM ke lie to Aja bhI vyApaka rUpa meM mandira nirmANa aura mUrtipUjA kA pracalana hone para bhI mUrtipUjana vyavahAra meM nahIM hai| 3. mUrtipUjA ke nAma para vikRtiyA~ jaba jainadharma apane Atma kendra se haTa kara paridhi kI ora mur3A to usameM nAnA prakAra kI vikRtiyA~ ghara kara gyiiN| yahI nahIM mUla Agama granthoM kI niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, vRtti, TIkA, vanikA Adi spa meM jo vyAkhyAyeM prastuta kI gayIM, usa sAhitya meM AcAryoM aura bhASyakAroM ne vibhinna kathAoM, ghaTanAoM aura caritra kA isa prakAra vivecana-vizleSaNa kiyA, jinase jina-mandira nirmANa, mUrtipUjA aura vibhinna pratiSThA samAroha kI puSTi hotI hai| yaha lekhana paravartI dravya pUjA ke prabhAva kA pariNAma lagatA hai| navAMgIvRttikAra abhayadevasari barA racita "Agama aTThotarI" kI nimnalikhita gAthA isa sambandha meM draSTavya hai -- 143
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________________ jainadharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava evaM itihAsa arthAt devarddhi kSamAzramaNa taka jo bhAva paramparA (bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita mUla paramparA) akSuNNa rUpa se calatI rhii| yaha maiM jAnatA hU~ para devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke anantara sAdhu prAyaH zithilAcArI bana gaye aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAe~ sthApita kara dI gayIM / "devaDiDha khamAsamaNa jA, paraMparaM bhAvao viyAmi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davveNa paraMparA bahuhA / / isake pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhucaryA meM kaI prakAra kI zithilatA ghara kara gyii| vikrama kI 12vIM zatIM ke prabhAvaka AcArya jinavallabhasUri ne "saMghapaTTaka" nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke 10 niyamoM kA saMketa milatA hai| ina niyamoM meM mukhya haiM-- zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke lie banAye gaye AhAra ko grahaNa karanA, usameM doSa na mAnanA, jina mandiroM meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA sadA ke lie niyatavAsa karanA, sAdhu dvArA dhanasaMgraha karanA, gRhasthoM ko upadeza, guru-mantra Adi dekara apane pIr3hI-prapIr3hI ke zrAvaka banAnA, jina mandiroM ko apanI sampatti ke rUpa meM svIkAra krnaa| aise siMhAsanoM para baiThanA jinakA pratilekhana pramArjana sambhava nahIM hai| inake pUrva AcArya haribhadrasUri ne 'saMbodha prakaraNa' meM isakI kar3I AlocanA kI thii| dravya pUjA kI paramparA bahirmukhI vRtti se jur3ane ke kAraNa dhIre-dhIre sabhI varga ke logoM meM, adhikAdhika priya hotI calI gyii| isake pracAra-prasAra meM dakSiNa ke gaMga, kadamba, rASTrakUTa, hoyasalla Adi rAjavaMzoM se bhI ullekhanIya yogadAna milaa| AcAryoM dvArA mUrtipUjA ko dainika dhArmika kartavyoM meM sthAna diyA gyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa devI-devatAoM ke sthAna para tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThApita kI jAne lagIM aura bar3I saMkhyA meM jina - bimba evaM jina - mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| maMdiroM meM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karane ke lie bar3e-bar3e samAroha Ayojita hone lge| ina samArohoM ke sAtha vividha prakAra ke camatkAra, atizaya Adi jur3a gaye aura jar3amUrti ko sacetana karane kI bhAvanA se bar3e-bar3e havana aura maMtroccAra hone lge| yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki ina saba ke puNya prabhAva se hI mUrti meM pUjyatA kA bhAva AtA hai aura usakI pUjA-upAsanA hamArI kAmanApUrti meM sahAyaka banatI hai| samaya-samaya para muniyoM aura AcAryoM kI preraNA se paMcakalyANaka, aMjanazalAkA jaise mahotsava Ayojita kiye jAne lge| ina mahotsavoM meM alaga-alaga pUjA vidhAnoM ke lie bar3I-bar3I boliyA~ bola kara dhana ikaTThA kiyA jAne lagA / yathA janmakalyANaka mahotsava para indra-indrANI bana kara loga jina pratimA ko abhiSeka kA lAbha lekara apane ko dhanya maante| vibhinna parva aura tyohAroM para jina-mUrti ko rajata, svarNa, hIre, ratna jar3ita vividha AkarSaka aura mohaka bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA aura unakI pUjA meM aSTa dravya-jala, caMdana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, phala car3hAye jAte aura paMcAmRta se unakA prakSAlana kiyA jaataa| ina sabake lie pratispardhAtmaka boliyA~ bolI jAtIM / jinase vipula rAzi ke rUpa meM deva-dravya ikaTThA hotA rhaa| isa prakAra mUrtipUjA - Atmazuddhi aura vItarAga bhAva kI preraNA dene ke pratIka se haTa kara vaibhava aura pradarzana kI pratIka bana gyii| pUjA paddhati aura upAsanA vidhi ke nAma para kaI gaccha aura sampradAya bana gaye tathA tIrtha kSetroM ko lekara paraspara saMgharSa aura vigraha paidA ho gyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa maMdira aura mUrti rAga-dveSa ko dUra karane ke bajAya rAga-dveSa kI vRddhi karane ke kAraNa bana gaye / Atmazuddhi aura kaSAya upazAntatA kA uddezya gauNa hokara jaba bhautika kAmanA pUrti kA lakSya pradhAna bana gayA to na kevalaM vItarAgaprabhu kI mUrti ko bhautika padArthoM se sajAyA-saMvArA jAne lagA varan bhautika padArthoM kI prApti ke lie tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana deva-deviyoM kI pUjA upAsanA kI jAne lgii| yahA~ taka ki zAsana deva - deviyA~ pUjA 'ke mukhya kendra bana gye| pArzvanAtha gauNa ho gaye aura unake bhairava tathA padmAvatI devI pradhAna bana gyii| deva mandiroM kA pariveza, vidhi-vidhAna, vyavasthA krama kisI sAmantazAhI vidhi vidhAna se kama na rahA / camatkAra aura Izvara kartRtva ke khilApha krAMti phU~kane bAlA jainadharma svayaM camatkAra meM ulajha gayA aura jinendra bhagavAna ke sAmane unheM apane sukha-duHkha kA karttA mAnakara gir3agir3Ane lgaa| dIna-hIna banakara unake sAmane yAcanA karane lgaa| bhautika sukha ke lie, indriya bhogoM ke lie, sAMsArika kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie jantra-mantra aura Tone-ToTakoM 144
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________________ pro. narendra bhAnAvata ke AkarSaNa ne jana-sAdhAraNa ke puruSArtha bhAva ko suSupta kara diyA / krarmavAdI jaina dharmAnuyAyI daivIyakRpA kA dAsa banakara raha gyaa| 4. amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa para jaba mUrtipUjA ke nAma para bar3hatI huI ina vikRtiyoM ke phalasvarUpa na kevala jaina dharma meM varan anya dhArmika paramparAoM meM bhI jabaradasta krAMti kI lahara AyI / sabhI dharmoM meM moTe taura para nirguNa brahma ko hI sarvopari zakti ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| guNa kA eka artha hai rassI / rassI bA~dhane ke kAma meM AtI hai| ataH rassI kA lakSyArtha huA baMdhana | nirguNa arthAt nahIM baMdhanA, bandhana rahita, mukt| nirguNa upAsanA meM mukhya lakSya sAMsArika bandhanoM se rahita honA hai| saguNa upAsanA meM ArAdhya ke guNoM se ba~dhane kA bhAva rahatA hai| ArAdhya ke guNa jaba sAdhaka meM svayaM AvirbhUta ho jAte haiM taba nirguNa aura saguNa upAsanA ke lakSya meM koI guNAtmaka antara nahIM rahatA / mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne "niguNahiM saguNahiM nahiM kucha bhedA" kaha kara isI ora saMketa kiyA saguNa upAsanA ke nAma para paramAtmA ke guNoM ko AtmasAt karane kI dRSTi aura pravRtti lupta ho jAtI hai tathA bAhya sAMsArika vaibhava aura bhautika samRddhi kI prApti pramukha lakSya bana jAtI hai, taba dharma, dharma nahIM rahatA, vaha vyavasAya bana jAtA hai| mUrtipUjA ke nAma para jaba vyAvasAyika vRtti aura bhoga pravRtti panapane lagI taba AtmavAdI dharma-cintakoM aura adhyAtma yogI santoM ne isakA DaTakara virodha kiyaa| araba dezoM meM jaba jAti aura kabIloM ke mukhya puruSoM kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThApita kara unakI pUjA hone lagI aura bar3I saMkhyA meM hara jAti va kabIle ke alaga-alaga deva khar3e ho gaye to muhammada sAhaba ne mUrtipUjA ke khilApha jihAda chedd'aa| sikhadharma meM mUrti ke sthAna para gurugrantha pUjya hai / viznoI sampradAya ke pravartaka jAmojI (saM. 1508-93), jasanAthI sampradAya ke pravartaka jasanAthajI (saM. 1539-63) niraMjanI sampradAya ke pravartaka haridAsajI (saM. 1512-95 ) tathA prasiddha santa kabIra amUrtipUjaka paramparA ke hI AdhyAtmika puruSa the| 15vIM - 16vIM zatIM meM mUrtipUjA ke khilApha jo tIvra lahara uThI, usakI AhaTa ke svara barAbara sune jAte rahe haiN| jaina paramparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda jo vibhinna gaccha aura sampradAya astitva meM Aye, unameM moTetaura para uttarottara sudhAraka pravRtti ke darzana hote haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne " aSTapAhuDa" ke antargata "bodhapAhuDa" meM Ayatana, caityagRha, jinapratimA, darzana, jinabimba, jinamudrA, deva, tIrtha Adi kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha eka prakAra se nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke svarUpa kA hI varNana hai| unake anusAra jina mArga meM saMyama ke dhanI munirAja hI Ayatana haiN| SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA karane vAle saMyamI, AtmajJAnI munirAja hI caityagRha haiN| samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra se yukta nirmantha vItarAgI muniyoM kI calatI-phiratI jaMgama deha hI jaMgama pratimA hai| aSTakarma rahita ananta catuSTaya sahita deha rahita acala siddhabhagavAna hI sthAvara pratimA haiN| karma kSaya ke kAraNa hI zuddha zikSA aura dIkSA dene vAle vItarAgI, saMyamI AcArya deva hI vastutaH jina deva ke pratibimba haiN| jinakI mudrA indriya-viSayoM aura kaSAya bhAvoM kA mardana karane vAlI haiM aise AcArya deva hI vAstava meM jina mudrA haiM, jisakA moha naSTa ho gayA hai, vaha deva hai / jisase tirA jAe, vaha tIrtha hai| caityavAsI paramparA ke AcAryoM ne bhI ina vikRtiyoM ke khilApha kriyoddhAra kA zaMkhanAda kiyA thA / 11vIM zatIM ke vardhamAna sUri, unake ziSya jinezvarasUri, jinadattasUri, jagacandrasUri Adi ullekhanIya hai / kharataragaccha, tapAgaccha, aMcalagaccha, Agamikagaccha, bar3agaccha Adi apanI sImA meM ina vikRtiyoM kA virodha karate rahe haiN| para inakA virodha adhika prabhAvI nahIM bana sakA aura mUrtipUjA ke nAma para AyI huI vikRtiyA~ bar3hatI rahIM / jaina paramparA meM mUrtipUjA ke khilApha jabaradasta virodha karane vAle 15vIM - 16vIM zatAbdI meM do mahApuruSa hue| lokAzAha aura taarnnsvaamii| lokAzAha se lokAgaccha aura tAraNasvAmI se tAraNapaMtha vikasita huA / lokAzAha kI vicAradhArA para AdhArita sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kA vartamAna meM kAphI prabhAva hai| sthAnakavAsI sampradAya se hI 18vIM zatI meM terApantha sampradAya kA udbhava huaa| isake pravartaka santa bhIkhaNajI the| ina sampradAyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai -- 145
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________________ jainadharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava evaM itihAsa 1. lokAzAha aura sthAnakavAsI sampradAya lokAzAha eka krAMtikArI, adhyayanazIla, nirbhIka aura sAhasI zrAvaka the| inakI janmatithi, janma-sthAna, dIkSA Adi ke sambandha meM vidvAna ekamata nahIM haiN| inake janma ke sambandha meM moTetaura se tIna mata pracalita haiM -- saM. 1472, 1475 aura 14821 kArtika pUrNimA inakI janma tithi mAnI jAtI hai| janma sthAna ke sambandha meM bhI matabheda haiN| arhaTTavAr3A (sirohI), pATana, ahamadAbAda, liMbaDI aura jAlora kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| bahuta sambhava hai "arhaTTavAr3A" inakI janma bhUmi rahI ho| dhArmika krAMti kA vizeSa kArya ahamadAbAda se hI huaa| inake mAtA-pitA ke nAma ke sambandha meM bhI matabheda hai| adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki arhaTTavAr3A ke caudharI hemAbhAI inake pitA the aura mAtA kA nAma thA gaMgAbAI thaa| inakA vivAha sirohI ke prasiddha seTha zAha audhavajI kI suputrI sudarzanA ke sAtha huA, jinase pUrNacanda nAmaka eka putra bhI utpanna huaa| jaba ye 23 varSa ke the inakI mAtA kA aura 25veM varSa meM pitA kA dehAnta ho gyaa| inakA nidhana saM. 1546 meM caitra zuklA ekAdazI ko huA mAnA jAtA hai| lokAzAha madhurabhASI, adhyavasAyI aura prabhAvazAlI vyakti the| sirohI aura candrAvatI ina donoM rAjyoM ke bIca yuddhajanya sthiti ke kAraNa arAjakatA aura vyApArika avyavasthA phaila jAne se ye ahamadAbAda A gaye aura javAharAta kA vyApAra karane lge| alpasamaya meM hI inhoMne acchI khyAti prApta kara lii| kahA jAtA hai ki ahamadAbAda ke tatkAlIna zAsaka mohammadazAha ke darabAra meM sUrata kA eka jauharI do motI lekara aayaa| bAdazAha ne inakI parakha ke lie zahara ke pramukha jauhariyoM ko bulaayaa| sabhI jauhariyoM ne donoM motiyoM ko saccA batAyA, para lokAzAha ne eka motI ko sadoSa aura dUsare ko nakalI btaayaa| motI kI isa parIkSA ko dekhakara bAdazAha inakI vilakSaNa buddhi se atyanta prabhAvita huA aura inheM apanA koSAdhyakSa banA diyaa| isa pada para ve dasa varSa taka rhe| para jaba mohammadazAha ko usake putra kutubazAha ne jahara dekara mAra DAlA to isa krUra hatyA se lokAzAha kA hRdaya pasIja gayA aura rAga-raMga se unhoMne mukti le lii| lokAzAha satyAnveSaka aura tattva cintaka the| unake akSara bar3e sundara the| eka bAra jJAnasundara nAmaka eka yati inake yahA~ gocarI ke lie aaye| inake sundara akSaroM ko dekhakara unhoMne lokAzAha ko zAstroM kI nakala karane ke lie khaa| zAstroM kI nakala karate hue jaba inakA dhyAna dazavaikAlikasUtra kI nimnalikhita prathama gAthA para gayA to ve cintana meM DUba gaye-- "dhammo maMgalamukkiLaM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo|' devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA mnno||1|| ve vicAra karane lage ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma ko sarvazreSTha maMgala kahA hai aura isa dharma kA AcaraNa.karane vAle ko devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiM, para vartamAna meM to loga pASANa-pratimArapa devatAoM ko namana karane meM lage hue haiN| jyoM-jyoM unakA zAstrAbhyAsa bar3hatA gayA, dharma ke nAma para bar3hatI huI vikRti ko dekhakara ve Azcaryacakita raha gye| unheM lagA ki dharma meM ahiMsA kA sthAna hiMsA ne le liyA hai| usake vidhi-vidhAna yA dravya pUjA Adi ke bAharI saMskAra meM unheM hiMsA dikhAI dii| Atma-saMyama kI bajAya manautI ke nAma para indriyabhoga kI kAmanA kA pravAha umar3atA huA dikhAI diyaa| tapa ke nAma para unheM lagA ki sAdhu varga sukha-suvidhAoM kA AdI banatA jA rahA hai| lokAzAha ne ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa zuddha Atmadharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie pASANa-pratimAspa jar3a pUjA kA Alambana chor3akara samatAbhAvarUpa sAmAyika-pratikramaNa ko mahattva diyA, AtmaguNavRddhispa pauSadha vrata para vizeSa bala diyaa| bhakti ke sthAna para jJAna kA, dhyAna kA mahattva pratiSThApita kiyA aura mUrti ke sAmane hAtha jor3akara aihika kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie bhagavAna se kucha mA~gane ke bajAya parigraha-vRtti se mukta hone ke lie bhUkhoM ko bhojana, rogiyoM ko auSadhi, bhayagrasta prANiyoM ko abhaya evaM azikSitoM ko jJAna dene kI mahattA pratipAdita kii| unhoMne mUrtipUjA ke sthAna para guruvaMdana, satsaMga, svAdhyAya aura sadAcaraNa para bala diyaa| saje-sajAye mandiroM meM rahane kI bajAya sAdhAraNa sthAnakoM meM Thaharane kI bAta khii| jaMtra-maMtra, Tone-ToTake, ADambara-pradarzana Adi vidhi-vidhAnoM kA virodha kiyaa| 146
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________________ pro. narendra bhAnAvata . inake krAMtimUlaka vicAroM se loga bar3e prabhAvita hue| kahA jAtA hai ki arhaTThavADA, pATana, sUrata Adi saMghoM ke nAgaMjI, dulIcandajI, motIcandajI tathA zaMbhUjI, ye cAroM saMghapati jaba lokAMzAha se mile, unake vicAra sune to vizeSa prabhAvita hue| kahA jAtA hai ki saM. 1531 meM 45 vyaktiyoM ne inake vicAroM se prerita-prabhAvita hokara jaina dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| ___ inake nAma para inakA mata lokAgaccha kahA jAne lgaa| para yaha zIghra hI tIna bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| gujarAtI lokAgaccha, nAgorI lokAgaccha, lAhorI uttarArddha lokaagcch| Age calakara isa mata meM bhI dharma ke nAma para zithilatA bddh'ii| taba muni jIvarAjajI, lavajI, dharmasiMhajI aura dharmadAsajI ne krAnti kI aura sthAnakavAsI sampradAya astitva meM aayaa| dharmadAsajI ke harajI dhannAjI Adi 22 ziSyoM ke nAma para yaha sampradAya bAIsa TolA bhI kahalAtA hai| vartamAna meM isa sampradAya meM zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya zrI AnandaRSijI, AcArya zrI ratanacandrajI ma. ke sampradAya ke AcArya hastImalajI evaM AcArya zrI hukamIcandajI ma. kI paramparA ke AcArya nAnAlAlajI ma. maujUda haiN| jJAtavya hai ki AcArya AnandaRSijI evaM AcArya hastImalajI kA aba svargavAsa ho gayA hai| muniyoM ke sthAnaka meM rahane ke kAraNa yaha sampradAya sthAnakavAsI kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se Atma-guNa hI jisakA sthAna hai, vaha sthAnakavAsI hai| lokAzAha kA apane samaya meM bar3A virodha huaa| unake sambandha meM adhikAMza jAnakArI unake virodha meM likhe gaye sAhitya se hI prApta hotI hai| lokAzAha ne jisa sAhitya kI racanA kI, vaha Aja pUre rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| unake cautIsa bola, aTThAvana bola tathA unase pUche gaye teraha praznoM ke uttara Adi upalabdha hai| 2. zvetAmbara terApantha zvetAmbara terApantha sampradAya ke pravartaka santa bhIkhaNajI haiN| inakA janma jodhapura rAjya ke kaMTAliyA grAma meM saM. 1783 kI ASAr3ha zuklA trayodazI ko huaa| inake pitA kA nAma zAha ballUjI saMkalecA aura mAtA kA nAma dIpAbAI thaa| ye satyazodhaka, dambhavirodhI, sudhAravAdI pravRtti ke dharma jijJAsu vyakti the| inake mAtA-pitA gacchavAsiyoM (yatiyoM) ke anugAmI the| vahA~ inakI jijJAsA zAnta nahIM huI to ye potiyA~bandha sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ke pAsa vyAkhyAna Adi sunane jAyA karate, para vahA~ bhI inako saMtoSa nahIM huA to ye sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke AcArya zrI raghunAthajI ke anugAmI bana gaye aura saM. 1808 meM unase bagar3I meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kara lii| saM. 1815 meM inakA cAturmAsa rAjanagara (mevAr3a) meM huaa| inake sAtha TokarajI, haranAthajI, vIrabhAnajI aura bhAramalajI ye cAra sAdhu the| rAjanagara ke zrAvakoM meM sAdhu samAja ke AcAra-vicAra ko lekara kaI zaMkAe~ thiiN| sthAna, vastra-pAtra sambandhI maryAdA, ziSya moha Adi ko lekara ye vartamAna AcAra vyavasthA se saMtuSTa nahIM the| santa bhIkhaNajI kI unake sAtha jJAna carcA huI aura antataH unheM lagA ki vartamAna AcAra-vyavasthA meM sudhAra kI apekSA hai| AcArya raghunAthajI ke sAnnidhya meM pahu~cakara santa bhIkhaNajI ne rAjanagara ke zrAvakoM kI zaMkAoM ko sahI batAyA aura usameM sudhAra ke lie Agraha kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki raghunAthajI ke sAtha matabheda hone ke kAraNa unhoMne unase bagar3I meM sambandha viccheda kara liyaa| yaha ghaTanA saM. 1817 caitra zuklA navamI kI hai| samta bhIkhaNajI ke sAtha 12 anyaM sAdhu the| unake nAma haiM :-- thirapAlajI, phatehacandajI, vIrabhANajI, TokarajI, haranAthajI, bhAramalajI, lakSmIcandajI, bakhtarAmajI, gulAbacandajI, bhAramalajI (dUsare), rUpacandajI aura premjii| kahA jAtA hai ki eka dina jodhapura ke zrAvaka bAjAra meM eka dukAna para sAmAyika kara rahe the| usa dina jodhapura rAjya ke dIvAna zrI phatehamalajI siMghI ne una zrAvakoM ko bAjAra meM sAmAyika karate dekhA to kucha Azcarya huA, pUchane para patA calA ki santa bhIkhaNajI AcArya raghunAthajI se alaga ho gaye hai inakA mAnanA hai ki sAdhuoM ke nimitta bane hue sthAnaka meM nahIM ThaharanA caahiye| ataH sthAnaka chor3akara ve yahA~ sAmAyika kara rahe haiN| 147
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________________ jainadharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava evaM itihAsa pUchane para yaha bhI jJAta huA ki svAmIjI kI isa vicAradhArA kA samarthana karane vAle 13 sAdhu hai| isa para usa samaya siMghIjI ke sAtha sekka jAti kA eka kavi bhI thaa| usane 13 kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para svAmIjI ke saMgha ko "terApaMthI" nAma se saMbodhita karate hue nimna dohA kahA -- "sAdha sAdhako gilo karai, te Apa Aparo mNt| suNajyo re zahara rA lokAM, e terApaMthI sNt|| jaba yaha ghaTanA santa bhIkhaNajI ke pAsa pahuMcI to unhoMne terApaMthI zabda ko nayA artha dete hue kahA-- he prabhu ! yaha terA (tumhArA) paMtha hai| hama saba nibhrAnta hokara isa para calane vAle haiN| ataH terApaMthI haiN| teraha saMkhyA kA aucitya prakaTa karate hue unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti, isa taraha teraha niyamoM kI pUrNarUpa se zraddhA tathA pAlana karane vAle vyakti teraha-paMthI haiN| santa bhIkhaNajI ne sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kI taraha hI mUrtipUjA kA virodha kiyA, para dayA, dAna sambandhI jo pravRtti sthAnakavAsI samAja meM pracalita thI, usakA unhoMne Atmadharma ke rUpa meM samarthana nahIM kiyA aura isase hone vAle puNya ko laukika dharma khaa| unhoMne ahiMsA ke nakArAtmaka pakSa arthAta "mata mAro" para vizeSa bala diyaa| marate hue ko bacAo, jIvoM kI rakSA karo, ise unhoMne mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM maanaa| apane dharma ke pracAra meM inheM kaI prakAra ke virodhoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| mAravAr3a, mevAr3a tathA kaccha inakA dharma pracAra kA kSetra rhaa| kaccha pradeza meM ye svayaM na jA sake para inake zrAvaka TIkama DosI ne inake mata kA pracAra kiyaa| bhIkhaNajI ne apane jIvanakAla meM 49 sAdhaoM aura 56 sAdhviyoM ko dIkSita kiyaa| jaina tattva kI inhoMne kAvyamaya abhivyakti kii| inakI zatAdhika racanAoM kA saMkalana 'bhikSu grantha ratnAkara' meM do bhAgoM meM huA hai| inakI kavitA meM dArzanikatA aura lokatattvoM kA anUThA saMgama hai| inakA nidhana saM. 1860 meM mAgha sudI terasa ko huaa| inake bAda isa pantha meM jo AcArya hue ve haiM -- AcArya bhAramalajI, AcArya rAyacandajI, AcArya jItamalajI (jayAcArya), AcArya madhavAgaNI, AcArya maNikagaNI, AcArya DAlagaNI, AcArya kAlagaNI aura AcArya tulsii| AcArya talusI ne isa paMtha meM kaI naye AyAma jor3e aura kaI krAMtikArI parivartana kiye -- AcAra-vicAra donoM staroM pr| AcArya tulasI ne aNuvrata Andolana ke rUpa meM naitika utthAna aura caritra nirmANa ke uddezya se rASTravyApI abhiyAna calAyA aura jainadharma ko kevala jainakula meM janme logoM taka sImita na rakhakara use rASTravyApI bnaayaa| rAmAja ke vibhinna vargoM meM sada-saMskAra jAgata hoM, isake lie aNuvrata ke rUpa meM choTe-choTe vyAvahArika niyama prastuta kiye| vigata varSoM meM tanAMva-mukti, mAnasika svAsthya aura jIvana meM Antarika rUpAntaraNa ke lie prekSAdhyAna ke kaI naye prayoga kiye haiN| vartamAna zikSA paddhati kevala jIva-vijJAna banakara na rahe, vaha jIvana-vijJAna bane, isa dRSTi se zikSA ko sAdhanA, ahiMsA, dhyAna aura sevA se saMyukta karane ke lie lADana meM "jaina vizva bhAratI" kI sthApanA kI hai| 3. tAraNapaMtha jaina zvetAmbara paramparA meM caityavAsI yati paramparA ke samAnAntara jaina digambara paramparA meM bhaTTAraka sampradAya dvArA dharma-pracAra, sAhitya-nirmANa evaM sAhitya-saMrakSaNa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA gayA, para dharma kA jo ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapaniSTha rUpa thA, usameM vikRti AI aura bhakti ke nAma para pradarzana va ADambara bddh'aa| bhaTTAraka vaibhavazAlI sAmanta se bana gaye aura lAkhoM-karor3oM kI sampatti maTha-mandiroM meM ikaTThI ho gii| Antarika pavitratA aura sadAcaraNa kA sthAna mandira nirmANa, pratiSThA-samAroha aura dravya pUjA ne le liyaa| paMca kalyANakoM ke bar3e-bar3e Ayojana Antarika zuddhi kI bajAya loka-pratiSThA ke mAdhyama bana gye| havana, jaMtra-maMtra, Tone-ToTakoM meM hI dharmAcAra ulajhakara raha gyaa| bhakti ke kendra meM dharmAcaraNa nahIM, dhana pramukha bana gyaa| isakI pratikriyA honA svAbhAvika thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM jisa prakAra lokAzAha ne mUrtipUjA kA virodha kiyA, usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM tAraNa svAmI ne mUrtipUjA kA virodha kiyaa| inhIM ke dvArA tAraNapantha kA pravartana 148 huaa|
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________________ pro. narendra bhAnAvata tAraNasvAmI kA janma puhupAvatI nagarI meM vikrama saMvat 1505 (I.sa. 1448) meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma gar3hAsAba thaa| ve dillI ke bAdazAha bahalola lodI ke darabAra meM kisI pada para kAma karate the| bAda meM ve dillI chor3akara puhupAvatI A gye| tAraNasvAmI bacapana se hI bar3e medhAvI aura adhyayanazIla the| inakI zikSA zrI zrutasAgara muni ke pAsa huii| ye Ajanma brahmacArI rahe aura dharma granthoM kA gahana adhyayana kara mUrtipUjA ke nAma para pracalita bAhya ADambara kA virodha kara inhoMne Atmazuddhi mUlaka dharma kA svarUpa prastuta kiyaa| tAraNasvAmI ne barAbara yaha bAta kahI ki yadi hRdaya pavitra bhAvanA se rikta hai to jar3a pUjA se kyA lAbha ? pUjA paddhati meM U~ca-nIca ke bheda-bhAva kA inhoMne virodha kiyA aura kahA -- mahAvIra ke zAsana meM manuSya to kyA pazu-pakSI taka ko samAna avasara aura sthAna prApta hai| inhoMne sabhI jAti aura varNa ke logoM ko Atmadharma kA upadeza diyA aura mUrtipUjA ke sthAna para granthapUjA kI pratiSThA kii| inake ziSyoM meM pramukha the -- cidAnanda caudharI, lakSmaNa pANDeya, paramAnandra vilAsI aura lukamAna zAha, jo musalamAna thaa| inake prabhAva se kaI rAjAoM ne bhI inake mata ko svIkAra kiyaa| inameM gujarAta ke rAjA zivakumAra, zAhakumAra tathA rAyasenagar3ha ke rAjA mukhya the| lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM inake anuyAyI hue| tAraNapantha ko mAnane vAloM meM caraNAgAra, samaiyA, aseDhI, ayodhyA, golApUraba Adi jAti ke loga mukhya haiN| tAraNasvAmI dvArA racita 14 granthoM kA ullekha DaoN. tejasiMha gaur3a ne kiyA hai| unake nAma hai -- 1. zrAvakAcAra 2. mAlAjI, 3. paMDitapUjA, 4. kamala battIsI, 5. nyAyasamuccasAra, 6. upadezazuddhasAra, 7. tribhaMgIsAra, 8. caubIsa DhAlA, 9. mammala pAhuDa, 10. sunna svabhAva, 11. siddha svabhAva, 12. khAtakA vizeSa, 13. kadamasthavANI, 14.naammaalaa| ye grantha 15vIM zatI meM pracalita saMskRta-hindI mizrita bhASA ke haiN| isameM pUjA ke nAma para hone vAle bAhya kriyA-kANDa kA virodha karate hue Antarika zuddhatA, bAhya-abhyantara tapasyA AcaraNa kI pavitratA aura citta vRtti kI nirmalatA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| zuddha AtmasvarUpa ke varNana meM ApakI gaharI AdhyAtmika anubhUti aura tatvacintanA kA patA calatA hai| pAramparika dhArmika bhaktoM ne tAraNasvAmI kA jabaradasta virodha kiyaa| kaI prakAra ke dabAva DAle gaye, pralobhana diye gye| yahA~ taka ki jAna se mArane ke prayatna kiye gaye para ye ina sabase aprabhAvita rhe| betavA nadI ke ghATa se pAra utarane ke liye naukA kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| isa kAraNa vahA~ naukAe~ tathA mallAha bhI rahate the| virodhiyoM ne cidAnanda caudharI nAmaka eka mallAha ko apanI aura milAkara yaha sikhA diyA ki vaha tAraNasvAmI ko apanI nAva meM biThAkara le jAve aura gahare jala meM le jAkara chor3a de| cidAnanda caudharI ne aisA hI kiyaa| usane svAmIjI ko eka-eka kara tIna bAra gahare jala meM le jAkara DubAne kA prayatna kiyA para tInoM bAra svAmIjI jala ke bIca cabUtare para baiThe hue pAye gye| isa camatkAra se prabhAvita hokara cidAnanda inakA ziSya bana gyaa| isa prakAra inakA prabhAva bar3hatA gyaa| tAraNasvAmI kA nidhana saM. 1572 meM jyeSTha kRSNA 6 zukravAra ko nisaI kSetra (malhAragar3ha, madhyAdeza) meM haa| vidizA jile kI siroMja tahasIla ke jaMgaloM meM sthita semarakher3I bhI ApakA sAdhanA sthala rahA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yahI inhoMne muni dIkSA lI thii| 4. vartamAna sthiti __isa prakAra pandrahavIM, solahavIM evaM satrahavIM zatI meM mUrtipUjA kI vikRtiyoM ke khilApha jo krAMti kI lahara uThI aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa jina amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa huA, unake dvArA Atmazuddhi hetu jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kI ArAdhanA va sadAcaraNa kA patha prastuta kiyA gayA, usase jAgRti avazya AyI para usakA jIvana para parivartanakArI, sthAyI vyApaka prabhAva nahIM par3A aisA pratIta hotA hai| mUrtipUjA ke sthAna para sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, dayA, pauSadha, dAna Adi jina sadpravRttiyoM para bala diyA gayA, ve apane mUla lakSya 149
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________________ jainadharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA udbhava evaM itihAsa ko pUrI taraha prApta nahIM kara skiiN| ve yAMtrika bana gii| apanI sImA meM adhikAMzataH kriyA (Doing ) banakara raha gaIM, "honA" (Becoming) rUpa na le skiiN| pariNAmasvarUpa mUrti kA sthAna ina sampradAyoM meM bhI citra, kalaiNDara, paiDala Adi lete jA rahe haiN| dikhAvA, ADambara aura pradarzana bhI vibhinna dhArmika utsavoM, tapasyA ke julUsoM Adi meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, guNapUjA gauNa hokara vyakti pUjA pradhAna ho gaI hai| mahAvIra pIche chUTa gaye haiM aura alaga-alaga sampradAyoM ke guru va AcArya mukhya bana gaye haiN| sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA aura AmnAyabheda se amUrtipUjaka sampradAya bhI grasta haiN| ___mUrtipUjaka mUrti ke sAmane yAcanA kara apanI manokAmanA pUrI karanA cAhate haiM to lagatA hai, amUrtipUjaka bhI apanI dharmakaraNI kA phala bhautika samRddhi kI prApti mAnane lage haiN| dhana aura sampatti yahA~ bhI dharma-sAdhanA ke kendra meM ghara karatI jA rahI hai| parigraha aura vaibhava ko puNya kA phala mAnA jAne lagA hai| vahA~ bhagavAna ko bhoga lagAyA. jAtA hai to yahA~ svayaM bhoga bhogane kI lAlasA hai| saccA dharma bhoga se chUTane meM hai, tyAga meM hai, para tyAga antara se na hokara dikhAve ke lie, nAma ke liye hone lagA hai| mUrti apane Apa meM, jar3a hai, taTastha hai, rAga-dveSa se pare hai, hama usake sAtha apanA sAMsArika sambandha jor3akara use vikRta karate haiN| para jahA~ mUrti nahIM hai, vyakti hai, yadi usakI bhogavRtti chUTI nahIM hai, yazalipsA miTI nahIM hai to vaha apane ko bhagavAna banAkara, bhaktoM se pUjA-satkAra karavA kara bhrAMti paidA kara sakatA hai| vartamAna meM banane vAlI isa sthiti se pratyeka Atma-sAdhaka ko sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| pro. narendra bhAnAvata, sI-235 e, tilaka nagara, jayapura-302004 150