Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM prAcAra zrI riSabhadAsa jI rAMkA jainadharma pradhAna rUpa se AcArapradhAna hai| mukhyataH jana-jIvana ke lie hai| phira bhI usakA apanA darzana hai jo anubhava para AdhArita hai| AcAradharma meM dRr3hatA lAne ke lie hai| jainadarzana ne jIvana ke antima dhyeya zAzvata sukha aura zAMti ke lie gaharAI aura gaharAI se vicAra kara anubhava se tathya prakaTa kie haiM / vaha haiM 'dharma' jIvana meM utkRSTa maMgala hai| ahiMsA saMyama aura tapa dharma hai / jo isakI sAdhanA ThIka se karate haiM unheM devatA bhI namana karate haiM / jainadarzana AtmavAdI aura mokSAkAMkSI hai| dharma mokSa-prApti kA sAdhana hai| sAMsArika sukha kSaNika, anta meM svayaM tathA dUsaroM ke lie bhI duHkhadAyI haiM aura parAvalaMbI hote haiN| jinakI kabhI tRpti nahIM hotii| Atma-sukha ciraMtana, apane tathA dUsaroM ke lie sukhakara hai, svAvalambI hai| vaha hI vAMchanIya hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra saMsAra meM jIva aura ajIva do mukhya tattva hai| jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga athavA cetanA kA hai, jisake do bheda hai| eka darzana aura dUsarA jJAna / darzana yAnI sva-saMvedana arthAt Atma-cetanA / jJAna para-saMvedana arthAt para-padArthoM kI jAnakArI karAtA hai| jIva meM katatva zakti aura use bhogane kI kSamatA hai| ye jIva ekendriya se paMcendriya taka hai| sabameM mUlataH samAnatA hai, vikAsa kI dRSTi se bheda hai| pratyeka jIva meM pUrNa vikAsa kI kSamatA hai / ahiMsA ke mUla meM saba jIvoM kI samAnatA-Atmopamya kA siddhAnta hai| jisameM UMca-nIca ke bheda ko sthAna nahIM hai / ajIva ke pAMca bheda hai| pudgala yAnI dRzya padArtha, dharma jIva aura pudgala ko gati dene vAlA tattva hai| yahA~ dharma aura adharma nIti-anIti ke artha meM prayukta nahIM hai| adharma yAnI jIva aura pudgala ko sthiratA pradAna karane vAlA tattva, AkAza yAnI padArtha ko avakAza dene vAlA tattva aura kAla-ye pAMca padArtha hai| jainadarzana paramANavAdI hai| yaha dRzya jagat paramANuoM kA samUha hai| ye pA~ca tattva aura jIva chaTThA, chaha dravya haiN| dravya kA pradhAna lakSaNa hai-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya / dravya nitya hote hue bhI naye-naye paryAyoM meM rUpAMtarita hotA hai| nayA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai, purAne paryAyoM kA vyaya hotA hai, kSINatA prApta hotI hai, phira bhI usameM sthiratA hai| jainadarzana ne isa prakAra vedAnta kI kUTastha nityatA aura bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikatAvAda kA samanvaya kara dravya sattA nitya kintu paryAya pariNAmI, parivartanazIla mAnI hai| yaha anekAnta dRSTi hai| deha aura AtmA ke saMyoga se mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyAe~ hotI haiN| rAga-dveSa, ahaMtA, mamatA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, loma, vAsanAoM aura kAmanAoM ke kAraNa mana caMcala hotA hai| vividha kriyAoM se AtmA meM parispaMdana hotA hai, jo karma-pudgala ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatA hai,
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM AcAra 323 isa prakAra AtmA meM karma kA pravAha bahatA rahatA hai, jise Asrava kahA jAtA hai / isa calane vAlI prakriyA se AtmA ko baMdha hotA hai aura usake zuddha svarUpa para AvaraNa jamate jAte haiN| AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi mAnA gayA hai / pratyeka jIva aneka prakAra ke karma lekara janma letA hai, jinakA usake kriyA-kalApoM para prabhAva hotA hai / vaha jo karma karatA hai usase phira naye karmoM kA baMdha hotA jAtA hai / yaha sambandha anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai| isase mukti ho sakatI hai, mukti kA mArga hai / karma ke pravAha ko badalA jA sakatA hai, rokA bhI jA sakatA hai / naye karma baMdha ko rokane kI kriyA saMvara hai aura saMcita karmoM kA bhI kSaya ho sakatA hai, use nirjarA kahate haiM / saMpUrNa karma kSaya hone para AtmA svayaM siddha svarUpa ko prApta sakatA hai / AtmA se paramAtmA banatA hai / duHkha se mukti pAtA hai, yahI mokSa hai / jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa yaha sAta tattva hai| kaI unameM puNya aura pApa ko jor3ate haiN| zubha aura azubha pravRtti ke phalasvarUpa zubha aura azubha karma hI puNya aura pApa hote haiM / isa prakAra nava tattva aura Sadravya meM pUrA jainadarzana AjAtA hai / jainadarzana buddhigamya hai aura vyAvahArika hai / usakA rahasyavAda samajha A sakane jaisA hai, gUr3ha nahIM hai / hara prabuddha vyakti use samajha sakatA hai aura usameM batAI bAteM jIvana meM utAra sakatA hai / baMdha bA~dhatA hai / isa dhyAna dvArA dekhA jA hotA hai / jIva vAsanAoM, kAmanAoM tathA kaSAyoM ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke mano-vyApAra ko antarnirIkSaNa aura vizleSaNa dvArA dekhA jA sakatA hai| sakatA hai| dhyAna se citta kI sthiratA, nirmalatA AtI hai, agalA mArga spaSTa saMvara aura nirjarA ke lie AcAradharma kI upayogitA hai / jIvana sAdhanA kA Arambha hai aura antima sAdhya duHkha vimukti hai / janadarzana kI vizeSatA karma siddhAnta hai / jisakI nIMva puruSArtha hai / jo jaisA karegA, vaisA pAvegA | apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA vaha svayaM hI hai / AtmA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai| jIva ziva ho sakatA hai, AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai, nara kA nArAyaNa ho sakatA hai| jainadarzana Izvara ko kartA nahIM mAnatA, AtmA hI zuddha-buddha hokara paramAtma pada pA sakatA hai / paramAtma pada pAne kA upAya hai, samyak zraddhA, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra | sahI dRSTi yAnI jIva aura pudgala kI minnatA, deha AtmA kI pRthakatA kA bhAna / yaha samyak dRSTi hI jIva ko cAritrya kI ora mor3atI hai / aura samyak cAritra ke mArga para bar3hane se samyakdarzana para Safar frSThA bar3hatI hai| rAgadveSa aura ahaMtA - mamatA kI maMdatA se samyakjJAna kI ora ruci bar3hatI hai aura samyakUdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM kA sAtha hotA hai taba jIva ziva banatA hai, duHkha se mukta hokara apanA sAdhya prApta karatA hai / padArtha va vAhya jagat kA jJAna ThIka se ho vaha samyakjJAna hai / samyakjJAna hone ke lie udAra dRSTikoNa honA Avazyaka hai, isalie isa mArga meM anekAMta sahAyaka hotA hai / hara vastu ke aneka guNa aura paryAya haiN| vANI meM una sabhI kA samAveza nahIM hotA / svayaM kahatA hai vahI ThIka aisA Agraha saMgharSa paidA karatA hai / jahA~ bhI satya ho usakA Adara karanA anekAMta hai / aMza ko pUrNa mAnane kA Agraha nahIM rakhanA- isameM antara kI udAratA hai / AcAra meM ahiMsA aura vicAra meM anekAMta meM dharma kA sAra A jAtA hai / ahiMsA : jainadharma kA AcAradharma ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha se prArambha hotA hai to bhI usameM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA hai / ahiMsA paramadharma isalie hai ki yaha sabhI jIvoM kI samAnatA
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 324 munidvaya abhinandana grantha para AdhArita hai| jIvoM meM U~ca-nIca kA bheda nhiiN| sabhI jIva samAna haiM, kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA karanA pApa hai / jainiyoM para yaha AkSepa hai ki ve jIva-jantuoM kI to rakSA karate haiM, para manuSya kI ora dhyAna nahIM dete para saca yaha hai ki manuSya kI upekSA kara jIva-jantuoM kI rakSA nahIM hotI / ahiMsA kI bhUmikA hai-sabhI jIva sukha se jInA cAhate hai, koI maranA nahIM cAhatA, duHkha kisI ko acchA nahIM lagatA / dUsare hama apane prati jisa taraha ke vyavahAra kI AzA rakhate haiM, vaisA vyavahAra hama dUsaroM ke prati kreN| hiMsA se hiMsA paidA hotI hai| isalie usase bacA jAya para prakRti meM 'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam' kA krama hai| zarIra kI pratyeka kriyA meM hiMsA aparihArya hai| yaha kama se kama kI jAya kyoMki ahiMsA AtmA kA guNa hai ahiMsA ke pAlana kA prayatna honA cAhie / hiMsA kama se kama ho yaha koziza rahe / yadi zarIra kI pratyeka kriyA vivekapUrvaka yatanA ke sAtha kareM to bAhya hiMsA ke pApa se bacA jA sakatA hai / hiMsA mAtra bAhya kriyA nahIM hai / usakA sthAna mana meM hai, bhAva meM hai| manuSya satata jAgrata rahakara apramatta bhAva se karma kare to bAhya hiMsA kA parimArjana ho sakatA hai| jaba jIvana meM samatA Ave tabhI ahiMsA kA ThIka se pAlana ho sakatA hai| jo samadarzI hai usase pApa nahIM hotaa| para ina pAMcoM mahAvratoM kA pAlana sabhI samAna rUpa se nahIM kara sakate / isaliye zrAvakoM ko aNuvrata aura sAdhu muniyoM ke liye mahAvrata kahe gaye haiN| zrAvaka sthUlaprANAtipAtaviramaNa karatA hai jisameM aparAdhI ko daNDa denA aura jIvana nirvAha ke liye sUkSma hiMsA, jo anivArya hai, kara sakatA hai| vaha niraparAdha prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM krtaa| vaha pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai ki kisI ke prati anyAya na ho, kisI ko kaSTa na ho, phira bhI hiMsA ho jAtI ho to vaha kSamya hai| ahiMsA ke pAlana ke liye vicAroM kI nimalatA aura vyApakatA Avazyaka hai| kisI ke prati durbhAvanA bhI nahIM rakhI jA sktii| hiMsA kI vyAkhyA AcArya umAsvAti ne 'pramattayogAta prANAvyaropaNaM hiMsA' kI hai| mana, vacana, kAyA kI pramAdayukta avasthA meM hone vAlI hiMsA hI hiMsA hai| satya: satya ko samI dharmoM ne dharma kA AdhAra mAnA hai| jainadarzana ne bhI satya ko bhagavAna kahA hai| satya hI sasAra kA sArabhUta tatva hai| pramAdarahita hokara hitakArI ho vahI bolA jAya / kyoMki satya ke binA koI vyavahAra nahIM cltaa| asatya meM hiMsA hai| svayaM athavA dUsaroM ko AghAta lage aisI bhASA satya ho to bhI na bolI jAya / vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI nimnalikhita prakAra se satya ke liye sAvadhAnI baratI jAya : (1) kisI para jhUThA Aropa na lagAyA jAya / kisI ke prati galata dhAraNA paidA na ho yaha dhyAna meM rakhakara bolA jAya / (2) kisI kI gupta bAta prakaTa na karanA / (3) pati-patnI kI yA ghara ke logoM kI gupta bAta prakaTa na kI jAya / (4) kisI ko jhUTha kI preraNA na de| (5) jhUThI likhA-par3hI karanA, jhUThA sikkA calAnA, Adi na kiyA jAya / adattAdAna : kisI kI vastu binA mAlika kI jAnakArI ke na lI jAya / corI na karanA itanA hI nahIM para corI kI cIja kharIdanA, yA dUsare se corI karavAnA bhI pApa hI hai| rAjya ke niyamoM kA ullaMghana karake kara na denA, avaidhAnika vyApAra, rAjya ke niyamoM ke viruddha niSiddha vastuoM kA eka sthAna se dUsarI jagaha pahu~cAnA, nApa-tola meM kama yA adhika de-lekara
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM AcAra 325 aprAmANika vyavahAra karanA, dUsare ke ajJAna kA svArtha ke liye lAbha uThAnA, milAvaTa Adi saba adattAdAna meM doSa hai, jinase bacanA cAhie / brahmacarya saba prakAra ke kAmabhogoM kA tyAga aura saMyama / para gRhasthoM ke liye svadArasantoSa kI maryAdA rakhI gayI hai jisakA pAlana sAmAjika dRSTi se bhI hitakara hai| svayaM aura dUsare ke liye hitakArI hai / aparigraha parigraha ko pApa kA mUla mAnA hai / parigraha hI ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai / parigraha se viSamatA bar3hatI hai / Aja kI azAMti aura saMgharSa kA mUla hI saMgraha hai / parigraha se chala, kapaTa aura anAcAra paidA hotA hai / kAmabhoga aura parigraha ke liye hiMsA aura asatyAcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / isaliye parigraha parimANa yA ucita parigraha ko apanAnA caahie| saMgraha para sImA bA~dha lenI cAhie / yahI jIvana meM sukha aura zAMti nirmANa karatA hai / tRSNA se chuTakArA dilAtA hai aura dUsaroM meM sadbhAva nirmANa karatA hai / Aja kI viSama samasyAoM kA samAdhAna parigraha parimANa hai / jise Aja kI bhASA meM gAMdhIjI ne TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta kahA hai / tIna guNavata ina saba vratoM kA pAlana tabhI saMbhava hai jaba manuSya tIna guNavratoM ko apanAve vaha sAdagI apanAve / bhoga-upabhoga kI vastuoM para niyantraNa rakhe / vastuoM ke bhoga para hI nahIM usakI sabhI pravRttiyoM para niyantraNa ho / pravAsa bhI ina dinoM itanA adhika bar3ha gayA hai ki usa para niyantraNa rakhanA apane aura dUsaroM kI dRSTi se hitakara hai| jise dizA parimANa vrata tathA upabhoga paribhogaparimANa vrata kahA hai / tIsarA guNavrata hai anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata anAvazyaka pApa pUrNa pravRttiyoM se apane Apako bacAnA / nirarthaka bAteM, Atma-prazaMsA yA niSprayojana koI bhI kAma karanA, samaya ko barbAda karake mana meM malinatA AtI hai, zakti kA vyaya hotA hai / zikSAvrata nirarthaka vyaya hone vAlI zakti aura samaya ko zikSAvratoM ke dvArA Atma-vikAsa meM lagAyA jAtA hai / jo cAra haiM / (1) sAmAyika sAmAyika, samabhAva kI upalabdhi ke liye sAmAyika uttama upAya hai| jo hara roja nizcita samaya karake kI jAtI hai| usa samaya meM pUrNarUpa se samatA rakhI jAya, sabhI prakAra kI duSpravRttiyoM se apane Apako dUra rakhA jAya / sAmAyika meM yaha dhyAna rakhA jAya ki kisI prakAra ke malina vicAra paidA na hoM, vANI kA durupayoga na ho, kaThora yA asatya bhASaNa na ho, zarIra se koI pApakArI pravRtti na ho / sAmAyika prasanna citta se aura niyata samaya taka karanA Atma-sAdhanA meM lAbhadAyaka hotA hai / (2) dezAvakA zikavrata isameM dizAoM ke bhramaNa meM maryAdA bA~dha lI jAtI hai| isameM AvAgamana hI nahIM apitu upabhoga - paribhoga ke lie vastuoM ke upayoga para bhI maryAdA karanI hotI hai| svayaM maryAdita kSetra
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 326 munidvaya abhinandana grantha ke bAhara na jAnA, dUsaroM ko na bhejanA aura bAhara se lAI huI vastu kA upabhoga nahIM karanA aura kraya-vikraya ke Upara bhI maryAdA AtI hai| jIvana meM mahArambha kI pravRttiyoM ko kama kara alpArambha ko apanAnA hotA hai| jisameM svadezI vrata ko sahaja preraNA milatI hai aura khAdI grAmodyoga ko sahaja sahayoga prApta hotA hai| jo vyaktigata santoSa ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare ko rojI-roTI prApta karane kI suvidhA pradAna karatA hai| alpAraMbha ko saMrakSaNa milatA hai| (3) poSadha vrata AtmA-vikAsa ke sAdhaka ke lie citana, AtmanirIkSaNa aura apane dhyeya kI jAgati ke lie kucha samaya nikAlanA Avazyaka hotA hai| jisameM ATha prahara taka zramaNacaryA apanAI jAtI hai| (4) atithisaMvibhAga vrata atithisaMvibhAga meM gRhastha dvArA apane yahAM Ane vAle santa sajjanoM kI samucita vyavasthA karanA, dIna-dukhiyoM kI sahAyatA karanA, kaSTa se pIr3ita yA dukhiyoM ke sahAnubhUti sahayoga denA Adi hai| gRhasthI pAsa-par3osI aura jarUratamanda ko madada karatA hai, vaha usakA sahaja kartavya hai| ina vratoM ke atirikta jaina gRhastha dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA ko apane jIvana meM mahatvasthAna dete Aye hai| khAsakara dAna kI baDI mahimA gAI gaI hai| phalasvarUpa dAna jainiyoM ke dainika jIvana kA aMga hI bana gayA hai| phira sabhI dAnoM meM abhayadAna ko zreSTha mAnA hai aura abhayadAna kI taraha jJAnadAna, auSadhidAna aura annadAna ko samatA kI sAdhanA meM upayukta sAdhana mAnA hai| IsAI, muslima aura bauddhoM kI taraha anya dharmiyoM ko apane dharma meM dIkSita karane vAle dharmoM kI taraha jainadharma bhI dharmAntara ko mAnane vAlA dharma thA aura usane kaI mAratetara jAtiyoM ko apane dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| dakSiNa meM do hajAra varSa pUrva dharma-pracAra kiyA thA usameM annadAna, auSadhidAna, jJAnadAna aura abhayadAna sAdhana ke rUpa meM apanAyA thaa| dAna ne jainiyoM ke dainika jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna pA liyA hai aura Aja bhI jainiyoM ke jIvana meM sahaja rUpa se dAna kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| anekoM aspatAla, zikSA saMsthAyeM, piMjarApola tathA rAhata ke kAma unake dvArA calate haiN| kaI logoM kA anumAna hai ki sevA kAryoM dvArA IsAI dharma kA pracAra jo dikhAI de rahA hai yaha tarIkA zAyada aThArahasau sAla pahale malAbAra ke kinAre se yaha bAta IsAiyoM ne apanAI ho| jana zikSA kA kAma jaina guruoM ne saMbhAla rakhA thA aura kucha varSa pUrva taka zikSA ke prArambha meM o3m namaH siddhAya likhA jAtA thA vaha jaina saMskRti kA ho cinha thaa| jainadharma meM andhazraddhA ko kataI sthAna nahIM thA, vaha puruSArtha aura buddhivAda para AdhArita dharma thA aura usameM apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA apane Apa ko hI mAnakara svAvalambana kI zikSA dI jAtI thI aura AcAra aura nIti dharma ko prAthamikatA dI jAtI thI / dharma jana-jIvana ke AcAra meM utare isalie usameM U~ca-nIca kA bheda nahIM thaa| jo bhI isa dharma kA pAlana karatA vaha jina kA anuyAyI bana sakatA thA / eka taraha se jainadharma janadharma hai aura janadharma hone se janatA ke lie upayogI ho aisI hI noti kI vidhA usameM pAI jAtI hai| vaha samatA para AdhArita hone se usase choTe-bar3e, strI-puruSa, U~ca-nIca sabhI lAbhAnvita ho sakeM aisI vyApakatA hai| isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha sabake lie kalyANakArI hai, usakA sarvodayI rUpa isIlie Aja ke yuga meM adhika AkarSaka hai| usameM sabhI samasyAoM ko
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM AcAra 327 sulajhAne kI kSamatA hai aura sabase bar3I vizeSatA yahI hai vaha vyakti kI svAdhInatA akSuNNa rakhatA hai| kisI ko eka viziSTa vicAra praNAlI meM yA dharma meM zAmila honA anivArya nahIM, kisI bhI dharma yA sAdhanA mArga ko apanAkara Atma-kalyANa sAdhA jA sakatA hai aura aise ahaMtoM kI saMkhyA bhI kama nahIM hai jo apane Apako apanI paramparA meM rakhakara samatA kI sAdhanA kara ahaMta bane the| bhagavAna mahAvIra parama anAgrahI the| unakI udghoSaNA thI ki ve jo kaha rahe haiM vaha samatA dharma dhrava hai, nitya hai aura zAzvata hai| mere pahale bhI aneka jinoM ne kahA, Aja bhI kaha rahe haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI kaheMge / yaha dharma carcA kA viSaya nahIM, nizcita hai, spaSTa hai aura AcaraNIya hai| isake pAlana ke lie apane Apa para niyantraNa karanA hotA hai, sAdagI lAnI hotI hai, tapa sahaja bana jAtA hai| jisa AcAra kA pAlana svayaM se prArambha karanA hotA hai, dUsarA kyA karatA hai yaha dekhane kI jarUrata nahIM, phala kI AzA nahIM, dUsaroM se apekSA nahIM, kyoMki vaha isa niSThA para AdhArita hai ki zubha kA phala nizcita hI zubha hI hone vAlA hai| jisake pAsa kalpavRkSa ho vaha jitanA santuSTa aura tuSTa rahatA hai utanA hI isa nIti dharma kA pAlana karane vaalaa| yaha niSThA ki zubha kA phala zubha hI milane vAlA hai use dhIraja ba~dhAtA hai| vaha yadi phala-prApti meM vilamba ho to bhI kSa bhita nahIM hotA / jaina paramparA kI nIti vidhA sArvajanika, sarvakAlIna aura janatA kI hai isalie jana-nIti kI poSaka hai, janatA kI hai| kyoMki usake pIche anubhava hai aura usa anubhava ne jainadharma ko AcAra dharma banAyA hai, jo sva-para-kalyANakArI hai|