Jain Dharm ke Naitik Siddhant

Author(s): Ishwarchand Sharma
Publisher: Z_Hajarimalmuni_Smruti_Granth_012040.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211002/1

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Jain Educard DA0] Izvaracandra zarmA ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta jaMga darzana aitihAsika dRSTi se bauddha dharma kI apekSA adhika prAcIna hai. isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki yaha darzana ahiMsA ko jIvana kA parama lakSya aura mokSa kA anivArya sAdhana mAna kara calatA hai. isa prakAra bhAratIya darzanoM meM jainavAda ko prAcInatama ahiMsAvAdI darzana svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai. jainiyoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki unakA dharma tathA unakA darzana vaidika vicAradhArA se bhI adhika prAcIna hai. isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki varddhamAna mahAvIra jainadharma ke pravartaka nahIM the, apitu eka sudhAraka the. yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra se pUrva jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti the aura mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the. mahAvIra ne nissaMdeha jaina darzana ko eka vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai aura sAdhuoM tathA gRhastha anuyAyiyoM ke lie ahiMsA dharma para AdhArita aise naitika niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo Aja taka jaina samAja dvArA Adarza svIkAra kie jAte haiM. jaina AcAramImAMsA atyanta kaThina aura kar3e naitika niyamoM ko pratipAdita karatI hai. isase pUrva ki hama jaina AcArazAstra kI vistRta vyAkhyA kareM, hamAre lie yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki jaina AcArazAstra kar3e anuzAsana para kyoM bala detA hai ? jainavAda meM kaThoratA kA kAraNa hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jainavAda nivRttimArga ko apanAtA hai aura usa pravRttimArga kA virodha karatA hai, jo vaidika dRSTikoNa ke anusAra kriyAtmaka sAmAjika jIvana ko vAMchanIya svIkAra karatA hai. jina prAcIna vaidika maMtroM kA Arya loga gAna karate the, devatAoM aura paramezvara ke prati sAMsArika jIvana kI saphalatA ke liye prArthanA mAtra the. kintu dhIre-dhIre vaidika vicArakoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki tyAga kI bhAvanA vinA ve mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakate. isake phalasvarUpa unhoMne cAra AzramoM kI prathA ko pracalita kiyA. ye cAra Azrama brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha tathA saMnyAsa haiM. isI prakAra vaidika dharma ke anusAra artha, kAma, dharma tathA mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. vaidika dRSTikoNa ke anusAra mokSa kI prApti kramika ho sakatI hai, yadyapi usa prApti ke liye saMnyAsa atyaMta Avazyaka hai. jIvana ke pahale tIna prAzrama saMnyAsa kI usa antima avasthA kI taiyArI mAtra haiM, jisa para pahu~ca kara mokSa kI anubhUti ho sakatI hai. brahmacarya avasthA meM vyakti ke liye apane samaya aura zakti ko vidyA prApta karane meM lagAnA isaliye Avazyaka hai ki vaha gRhastha Azrama meM praviSTa hone ke liye yogyatA prApta karake artha tathA kAma ko anubhUta kara sake. paccIsa varSoM taka paryApta dhana upArjana karane ke pazcAt vAnaprastha Azrama meM paccIsa varSa dharmAcaraNa meM lagAnA Avazyaka hai. isa avasthA meM vyakti naitikatA kA upadeza karatA hai tathA usakA AcaraNa karatA hai aura sAmAjika kalyANa meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai. antima paccIsa varSa dhyAna tathA AtmAnubhUti ke liye isaliye niyata haiM ki vyakti saMnyAsa kI avasthA meM jIvanmukta ho jAya aura anta meM videha mukti ko prApta kare. vedavAda athavA brAhmaNavAda isa prakAra anAsakta tathA tyAga ke jIvana kI ora kramazaH agrasara hone meM vizvAsa rakhatA thA. jIvana kI yaha yojanA niHsaMdeha AkarSaka aura vyApaka thI. lekina usa samaya ke vicArakoM ne vizeSa kara jaina siddhAnta www.mellary.org

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-0----0-0------------ 260 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya ke samarthakoM ne yaha anubhUta kiyA ki isa yojanA kI saphalatA meM do mukhya bAdhAe~ thIM. prathama bAdhA yaha thI ki jaba vyakti eka bAra gRhasthajIvana meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai to usake liye viSayabhoga Adi kA tyAganA tathA kAma, krodha, moha evaM lobha se mukta honA atyaMta kaThina ho jAtA hai. tRSNA ananta hai aura usakI tRpti kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai. isa dRSTikoNa ko uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM nimna likhita zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai"aura yadi koI vyakti eka manuSya ko sampUrNa pRthvI bhI de de, to bhI vaha usake liye kAphI na hogI. kisI bhI vyakti ko tRpta karanA atyaMta kaThina hai. tuma jitanA adhika prApta karoge, utanI hI adhika tumhArI AvazyakatA bar3hegI. tumhArI vAsanAe~ tumhAre sAdhanoM ke sAtha-sAtha bar3hatI calI jAyeMgI." dUsarI bAdhA yaha hai ki saMnyAsajIvana kI yaha Rmika yojanA, yaha mAnakara calatI hai ki jIvana kI kama se kama avadhi eka sau varSa hai. vAstava meM jIvana asthira hai aura kisI bhI kSaNa eka dhAge kI bhAMti TUTa sakatA hai. yadi eka bAra vyakti, apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke avasara se cUka jAya, to use punaH manuSya kA janma lene ke liye yugoM kI pratIkSA karanI par3a sakatI hai. vikhyAta jaina Agama uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM likhA hai"jisa prakAra vRkSa kA sUkhA pattA kisI bhI samaya gira jAtA hai, isI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana bhI samApta ho jAtA hai. he gautama ! tuma hara samaya sAvadhAna raho ! jisa prakAra kuzA ke tinake para laTakI huI osa kI bUMda kSaNa bhara ke liye hI astitva rakhatI hai, manuSya kA jIvana bhI vaisA hI asthira hai. gautama ! tuma hara samaya sAvadhAna raho !" vizva ke aneka vicArakoM ne jIvana kI anizcitatA se prabhAvita ho kara kriyAtmaka sAMsArika jIvana ko nirarthaka ghoSita kiyA hai. buddha ne duHkha tathA jIvana kI anizcitatA se prerita ho kara hI saMsAra ko tyAga diyA. vaha azoka mahAn , jisakA nAma vizva ke itihAsa meM prema aura zAnti kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai, isI prakAra duHkha tathA jIvana kI anizcitatA se prabhAvita huA. vikhyAta pAzcAtya dArzanika kANTa kI udAtta naitikatA aura vizvavyApI zubha saMkalpa kI dhAraNA bhI mAnavIya duHkhoM ke anubhava se hI prerita thI. kANTa eka kar3e naitika anuzAsana meM vizvAsa karatA thA. yahI kAraNa hai ki jainavAda meM kaThora naitika anuzAsana para bala diyA gayA hai. isaliye mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ke liye aise naitika niyama nirdhArita kiye, jo unheM pUrNatayA virakta banA deM. jainavAda ke naitika siddhAMta kI vyAkhyA karate hue hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki vizeSakara sAdhu athavA mumukSu ke liye satya, ahiMsA brahmacaryAdi mahAvratoM kA pAlana vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai aura unakA anusaraNa karane ke liye vizeSa sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hai. eka sAdhu athavA sAdhvI ke liye ahiMsA kA vrata svayaM dhAraNa karanA hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu isa ke sAtha-sAtha usake liye svayaM hiMsA na karanA aura na hI kisI anya vyakti ke dvArA kisI prakAra kI hiMsA karavAnA anivArya hai. isI prakAra eka sAdhu ke liye svayaM asatya na bolanA hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu hara prakAra ke asatya kA bahiSkAra karanA aura mana, vacana tathA kAyA se asatya kA sAdhana na bananA bhI Avazyaka hai. isI prakAra asteya athavA acaurya ke mahAvrata ko dhAraNa karane kA artha na svayaM corI karanA aura nahIM pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa meM corI kA samarthana karanA hai. brahmacarya kA mahAvrata eka sAdhu se yaha AzA rakhatA hai ki vaha hara prakAra ke kAmapravRtyAtmaka samparka se mukta ho aura aise karmoM kA sAdhana bhI na bane. jainavAda ke anusAra pAMcavAM mahAvrata aparigraha kA hai. isa ke anusAra sAdhu ke liye svayaM kisI bhI sampatti ko na rakhanA aura kisI anya vyakti dvArA saMcita saMpatti kA sAdhana na bananA bhI Avazyaka hai. ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA pratyeka mumukSu ke liye Avazyaka hai. isa prakAra kA kar3A naitika anuzAsana isaliye pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki jainavAda mokSa ko carama lakSya mAnatA hai. isase pUrva ki hama jainavAda kI AcAramImAMsA kI vyAkhyA kareM, hamAre liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama tattvavAda tathA AcArazAstra ke abheda-sambandha para eka bAra dRSTi DAleM. Jain Edue. RPe CON HDary.org

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DA0 Izvaracandra : jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta: 261 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jainavAda eka naitika tattvAtmaka (Ethico - Metaphysical) siddhAMta hai. yaha bAta sadaiva smaraNa rakhanI cAhiye ki tattvavijJAna ke vinA AcArazAstra na kevala avyAvahArika hai, apitu asaMgata aura asaMbhava bhI hai. eka vAstavika naitika manuSya vahI hai jo dArzanika bhI hai aura eka yathArtha dArzanika vaha nahIM hai jo kevala satya kA jJAna rakhatA ho, apitu vaha hai jo dArzanika siddhAntoM ko apane vyAvahArika jIvana para lAgU karatA ho. isI dRSTikoNa ko puSTa karate huye vila DyUreMTa (Will Durant) ne eka dArzanika kA dRSTikoNa prastuta karate huye likhA hai- To be a philosopher....is not merely to have subtle thought, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independance magnanimity and trust". 9050000 arthAt dArzanika hone kA artha kevala sUkSma vicAra rakhanA nahIM hai aura na hI koI siddhAnta pratipAdana karanA mAtra hai, apitu usakA arthajJAna se usa prakAra prema rakhanA hai ki usake Adeza ke anusAra saralatA, svataMtratA, sammAna tathA satyaparAyaNatA kA jIvana vyatIta kiyA jAya. yadi hama pAzcAtya darzana ke itihAsa para dRSTi DAleM, to isa niSkarSa para pahu~ceMge ki darzana kA pratyeka udAtta siddhAnta, spAinojA ke siddhAnta kI bhAMti tattvavAda se Arambha hotA hai aura AcArazAstra meM samApta hotA hai. jahA~ taka bhAratIya darzana ke siddhAntoM kA saMbaMdha hai, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki nAstika tathA Astika siddhAnta, samAna naitika dRSTikoNa rakhate huye bhI eka-dUsare se isaliye vibhinna haiM ki unakI tattvAtmaka mAnyatAyeM samAna nahIM haiM. cArvAka jaise nAstika siddhAnta bhI apanI sukhavAdI AcAramImAMsA ko una tattvAtmaka dhAraNAoM para AdhArita karatA hai. jo pUrNatayA bhautika haiM. yaha eka kheda kI bAta hai ki bhAratIya darzana meM yaha pramANita karane ke liye paryApta sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM ki cArvAka darzana eka pUrNa vikasita siddhAnta thA. tathApi hama cArvAkajJAnamImAMsA, tatvamImAMsA tathA AcAramImAMsA ke viSaya meM, bhAratIya darzana ke anya granthoM meM ullekha prApta karate haiM. anya sabhI granthoM ne to cArvAka dhAraNAoM kA virodha karane ke liye hI cArvAka darzana kA prakaraNa diyA hai aura isaliye bhAratIya darzana ke isa bhautika siddhAnta ke prati jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai vaha cArvAka jJAnamImAMsA tattvamImAMsA tathA AcAramImAMsA ko niSedhAtmaka siddhAnta hI pramANita karatI hai. hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki anya sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika siddhAntoM kI bhA~ti cArvAkasiddhAnta bhI yaha mAnakara calatA hai ki AdhArabhUta sattAkA yathArtha jJAna hI hamAre jIvanakA mArgadarzana kara sakatA hai. kyoMki hama yathArtha jJAna ko kevala pratyakSa dvArA hI prApta kara sakate haiM, isalie cArvAkadarzana ke anusAra koI bhI aisI vastu vAstavika nahIM hai jisakA ki hama pratyakSa anubhava nahIM kara sakate haiM. parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki cArvAka dArzanikoM ne AdhArabhUta sattA ko asvIkAra kiyA hai, yadyapi unakA uddezya anya siddhAntoM dvArA svIkRta Izvara, AtmA tathA amaratva kI dhAraNAoM kA virodha karanA thA. cArvAkadarzana niHsandeha bhautika dravya ko sattA mAnakara calatA hai, yadyapi yaha bhautika dravya vAyu, agni, jala aura pRthvI taka hI sImita mAnA gayA hai. kyoMki cArvAkadarzana ke anusAra bhautika dravya hI vAstavika hai, isaliye hama adhika se adhika sukha kevala bhautika viSayoM se hI prApta kara sakate haiM. isa prakAra cArvAkadarzana kA mokSa ke prati niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa bhI vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai aura yaha pramANita karatA hai ki cArvAkadarzana ke anusAra AcArazAstra tattvamImAMsA para nirbhara hai. anya siddhAntoM ne cArvAka - AcArazAstra ko apramANita karane ke liye usakI tattvAtmaka dhAraNAoM para hI AkSepa kiyA hai aura aisA karake hI cArvAka - AcArazAstra ko nirAdhAra batAne kI ceSTA kI hai. bhAratIya svabhAva se tatvavAdI haiM. isa AdhyAtmika RSibhUmi meM koI bhI aisA darzana nahIM panapa sakatA jo tattvAtmaka na ho athavA jisakA tattvAtmaka AdhAra nirbala ho ; kyoMki darzana zabda kA artha AdhArabhUta sattA kA pratyakSIkaraNa hai. yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM aneka mahattvapUrNa dArzanika siddhAntoM kA utthAna-patana huA hai. yahI tathya bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa ke usa virodhAbhAsa kI vyAkhyA karatA hai jisake anusAra udAtta naitika buddhadharma, vizvapriya hotA huA bhI apanI janmabhUmi se Jaduction Intema 0800 1009000450 www.library.org

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262 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-prantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0-0-0--0-0-0-0--0-0-. ukhAr3a diyA gayA. mahAtmA buddha kI udAtta AcAramImAMsA, unakA avidha saralatama naitika vidhAna ahiMsA kI AdhyAtmika dhAraNA para AdhArita hotA huA bhI bhAratIya janatA dvArA isaliye svIkAra na kiyA gayA ki usameM tattvAtmaka preraNA na thI. hamAre deza meM kevala ve hI siddhAnta sthira raha sakate haiM jinakI tattvAtmaka pRSThabhUmi atyanta dRr3ha hai. bhAratIya darzana ke siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kA itihAsa yaha pramANita karatA hai ki tattva-vijJAna ke vinA AcArazAstra andhA hai aura AcArazAstra ke vinA tattva-vijJAna zUnya hai. jainavAda kI sabhI dhAraNAeM AcAra sambandhI tathA pUjA sambandhI matabheda rakhate hue bhI isa bAta meM sahamata haiM ki AdhArabhUta satyoM kA yathArtha jJAna mokSa kI prApti ke liye nitAnta Avazyaka hai. uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra-'vahI vyakti sat kA AcaraNa karane vAlA hai jo AdhArabhUta satya jJAna meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai'. jainavAda ke anusAra jIva ke bandhana kA eka mAtra kAraNa mithyAtva athavA AdhArabhUta satyoM ke prati mithyAjJAna hai. yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AcArazAstra kA yathArtha jJAna prApta karane ke liye jaina tattvamImAMsA para prakAza DAlanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai. varddhamAna mahAvIra ne jina nava tattvoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai ve Ajataka jaina siddhAnta kI AdhArazilA haiM. ye navatattva nimnalikhita haiM(1) jIva (2) ajIva (3) puNya (4) pApa (5) Asrava (6) bandha (7) saMvara (8) nirjarA (6) mokSa. ina tattvoM kI vyAkhyA jainavAda meM isaliye kI jAtI hai ki hama yaha jAna sakeM ki jIva kisa prakAra saMsAracakra meM phaMsatA hai aura use kina vidhiyoM dvArA mukta kiyA jA sakatA hai. yahA~ para yaha batA denA Avazyaka hai ki vAstava meM jainavAda ke anusAra jIva tathA ajIva do mukhya tattva haiM aura anya sabhI tattva ina donoM ke vibhinna stara haiM. dUsare zabdoM meM jIva tathA ajIva do AdhArabhUta sattAeM haiM, puNya pApa Adi unakI upAdhiyAM haiM. jIva-jIva ko caitanya mAnA gayA hai aura jJAna tathA darzana usake do mukhya lakSaNa batAe gae haiM. jIva meM pAMca prakAra ke jJAna haiM, jinheM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala jJAna kahA gayA hai. darzana cAra prakAra ke haiM-cakSu, acakSu, avadhi tathA kevala. kintu karma rUpa paudgalika dravya ke sAtha sambaddha rahane ke kAraNa jIva kA vAstavika jJAna tathA vAstavika darzana AcchAdita rahatA hai. isaliye jIvanamukti prApta karane ke liye karma-pudgala kA sambandha haTA denA Avazyaka hai. jIva kA carama lakSya kevalajJAna tathA kevaladarzana evaM sarvajJatA prApta karanA hai. yaha tabhI sambhava ho sakatA hai, jaba jIva pUrNatayA una karmoM se pRthak ho jAya, jinameM vaha AsravoM ke dvArA lipta hai. pratyeka avasthA meM jIva bandha meM hotA hai. jIva kI ye avasthAe pRthvIkAya (pRthvI sambandhI jIva) apkAya (jala saMbaMdhI jIva) vanaspatikAya (vanaspati sambandhI jIva) pazu, manuSya, devatA tathA daityAdi haiM. ye sabhI jIva karmabandhana meM hote haiM. kevala mukta jIva hI karmapudgalarahita hotA hai. ajIva-janadarzana ke anusAra dharma adharma. pudgala, AkAza tathA kAla pA~ca aise dravya haiM jinheM ajIva kahA gayA hai. dharma tathA adharma jaina paribhASA ke anusAra vizeSa artha rakhate haiM. yahAM para dharma kA artha sadguNa athavA dhArmika vizvAsa na hokara gati kA AdhArabhUta niyama hai. dharma vaha dravya hai, jo eka vizeSa rUpa se gati ko sahAyatA detA hai. vaha sUkSma-sesUkSma dravya hai aura sUkSma-se-sUkSma gati ko saMbhava banAtA hai. isI prakAra adharma vaha dravya hai, jo vizeSa rUpa se vastuoM kI sthiti meM sahAyaka hotA hai. dUsare zabdoM meM dharma kA lakSaNa gati hai aura adharma kA lakSaNa sthiti hai. pudgala nissaMdeha vizuddha bhautika dravya kA nAma hai. isameM rasa, rUpa, gandha Adi ke guNa upasthita rahate haiM. isakA vizleSaNa tathA sammizraNa ho sakatA hai. yaha ANavika hai aura isakA AdhAra hotA hai, isaliye pudgala ko rUpI kahA gayA hai. isakA sUkSma-sesUkSma rUpa aNu hai aura sthUla-se-sthUla rUpa samasta bhautika vizva rUpa hai. jainadarzana ke anusAra lambAI, caur3AI, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, halkApana aura bhArIpana, bandha, pArthakya, AkAra, prakAza tathA andhakAra aura dhUpa evaM chAyA sabhI paudgalika tattva haiM. jIva ke bandha kA artha karmapudgala se prabhAvita honA hai aura nirjarA kA artha pudgala kA kSaya hai. pudgala ke isa rUpa kI vyAkhyA karanA isaliye Avazyaka hai ki jaina AcArazAstra kA mukhya uddezya karmapudgala kA anta karanA hai. saMnyAsa ke niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana karane evaM samyakjJAna, samyakdarzana tathA samyakcaritra ke anusaraNa karane kA Jain Education memona A

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DA. Izvaracandra : jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta : 263 ------------------ uddezya karmapudgala se nivRtti prApta karanA hai. AkAza ko bhI janadarzana meM sarvavyApI dravya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. AkAza ke do bhAga haiM, lokAkAza tathA alokAkAza. lokAkAza , AkAza kA vaha bhAga hai jisameM dharma, adharma, pudgala jIva tathA kAla sthita hote haiM. alokAkAza vaha (zUnya) dravya hai, jo lokAkAza se pare hai aura jisameM uparokta pAMcoM dravya nahIM haiM. alokAkAza meM dharma, adharma na hone ke kAraNa kisI prakAra kI gati yA sthiti nahIM hotI hai. jainadarzana meM kAla bhI aisA dravya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo pudgala tathA jIva ke parivartana kA AdhAra hai. hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki AkAza ke loka bhAga meM dharma adharma pudgala tathA jIva hote haiM. padgala aura jIva gati aura sthiti se prabhAvita hote haiM. pudgala jIva ko bandha meM DAla detA hai aura jIva apane Apako pudgala se mukta karake nirjarA evaM jIvanamukti prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai. kintu isa prakAra pudgala se nivRtta hone kI prakriyA meM, jIva aneka parivartanoM se gujaratA hai. pudgala meM bhI sUkSmase sthUla banane meM parirvatana hote haiM. pudgala tathA jIva kA yaha parivartana, jo ki ina donoM ke vikAsa kA kAraNa hai, kAla tattva para AdhArita hai. puNya-puNya kA artha zubha kArya mAnA jAtA hai. jainadarzana meM bhI puNya kI yahI paribhASA svIkAra kI jAtI hai. kintu puNya ke do aMga haiM. kriyAtmaka dRSTi se to puNya eka zubha karma hai, jo jIva dvArA kiyA jAtA hai. yadi zubhakarma kA artha vaha karma-pudgala ho jo jIva dvArA saMcita kiyA jAtA hai aura jisakA AgAmI kAla meM bhoga kiyA jAtA hai, to hama puNya ke paudgalika aMga kI ora saMketa kara rahe hote haiM. vAstava meM puNya eka pravRtti bhI hai aura saMskAra bhI. yahAM para pravRtti kA artha kriyAzIlatA aura saMskAra kA artha karmapudgala hai. jo kriyAe~ zubha saMskAroM ko saMcita karane meM sahAyatA detI haiM ve puNya kahalAtI haiM. jainadarzana ke anusAra nau prakAra ke puNya svIkAra kiye gaye haiM- (1) annapuNya (2) pAnapuNya (3) vastrapuNya (4) layanapuNya (5) zayanapuNya (6) manapuNya (7) zarIrapuNya (8) vacana puNya (9) namaskArapuNya. annapuNya kA artha kisI aise bhUkhe yA daridra yA akicana tapasvI ko bhojana denA hai jo usakA pAtra hai. isI prakAra pAnapuNya kA artha kisI pyAse vyakti kI pyAsa ko bujhAnA hai. vastrapuNya kA artha una logoM ko vastra dAna denA jinheM zarIra ko DhaMkane ke liye AvazyakatA hai. jainadarzana ke anusAra yadyapi anna, jala aura vastra kA dAna kisI bhI supAtra vyakti ko diyA jA sakatA hai, tathApi ye tInoM saMyamazIla mahAvratI sAdhuoM ke prati kiye jAyaM to unakA mahattva aura bhI adhika ho jAtA hai. layana tathA zayana puNyoM kA artha Thaharane kA sthAna tathA zayana ke liye paTTA Adi denA hai. manapuNya zarIra puNya tathA vacana puNya kA artha zarIra mana aura vANI kA isa prakAra prayoga karanA hai ki vyakti hara prakAra kI hiMsA se bace aura dUsaroM ko dharma tathA naitikatA kI ora AkarSita kare. namaskArapuNya kA artha guNI janoM ko zraddhApUrvaka namaskAra karanA hai. pApa-janadRSTikoNa ke anusAra pApa kA artha rAga dveSa Adi bhAvoM se prabhAvita hokara nikRSTa karma karanA hai. yaha vAstava meM manuSya kI nIca pravRttiyoM kA usakI zubha pravRttiyoM ke viruddha Andolana hai. jainadarzana ke anusAra nimnalikhita aThAraha pApa mAne gaye haiM- (1) prANavadha athavA jIvahiMsA jisakA artha kisI bhI jIvadhArI ko athavA usakI jIvanazakti ko kSati pahuMcAnA hai. (2) asatya athavA mRSAvAda arthAt asatya bolanA. (3) adattAdAna pApa athavA pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se corI karanA. (4) abrahmacarya pApa jisakA artha mana athavA zarIra dvArA kAmavRtti kI tRpti karanA hai, (5) parigraha pApa,jisakA artha apanI sampatti meM Asakti hai. (6) krodhapApa (7) mAna pApa arthAt ahaMkAra. (8) mAyA pApa athavA chala-kapaTa. (6) lobhapApa athavA lAlaca karanA (10) rAgapApa athavA Asakti (11) dveSapApa, jisakA artha kisI bhI jIva ke prati ghRNA rakhanA hai. (12) kleza pApa athavA kalaha. (13) abhyAkhyAna pApa, jisakA artha kisI vyakti kA apamAna karane ke liye apavAda phailAnA hai. (14) paizUnya pApa, jisakA artha cugalakhorI hai. (15) para-parivAda pApa, jisakA artha dUsaroM kI nindA athavA unake doSoM para bala denA hai. (16) rati-arati pApa, jisakA artha saMyama meM aruci aura viSayabhoga Adi meM ruci hai. (17) mAyAmRSA pApa, jisakA artha aucitya aura sadguNa ke AvaraNa meM anucita tathA dUSita karma karanA hai. (18) mithyAdarzanazalya pApa jisakA artha asat ko sat svIkAra karanA hai. ___Jain E-RI w.garmendrary.org

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264 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : dvitIya adhyAya bandha -bandha kA artha jIva kA usI prakAra karmapudgala se mizrita honA hai, jisa prakAra dUdha meM pAnI kA mizraNa honA. jIva kA karmapudgala se sambaddha honA anAdi mAnA gayA hai. kintu aisA hote hue bhI yaha bandha ananta nahIM hai. vyakti isa bandha ko tor3a sakatA hai aura nirjarA prApta kara sakatA hai. uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "caritrasampanna hone ke kAraNa sAdhu meruparvata kI bhA~ti sthAyitva prApta kara letA hai aura karma ke una aMzoM ko naSTa kara detA hai, jo kevalI meM bhI upasthita hote haiM. usake pazcAt vaha pUrNatva, jJAna, mukti tathA parama nirjarA ko prApta karatA hai aura sabhI dukhoM kA anta kara detA hai." yahI avasthA bandha se mukta hone kI avasthA hai. bandha cAra prakAra ke mAne gae haiM- (1) prakRti bandha (2) sthitibandha ( 3 ) anubhAgavandha (4) pradezabandha bandha ke ye vibhinna varga vAstava meM karmapudgala tathA jIva ke paraspara saMyukta hone ke vibhinna stara haiM. prakRtibandha kA artha hai baMdhanevAle karma kA svabhAva; udAharaNa - jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI prakRti jJAna ko AcchAdita karane kI hai. isI prakAra darzanAvaraNIya karma kI prakRti darzana (sAmAnyajJAna ) ko AcchAdita karane kI hai. sthitibandha karmapudgala tathA sAyujya ( Unity ) ko batalAtA hai. anubhAgabandha karma ke phala kI tIvratA aura mandatA ko nirdiSTa karatA hai. pradezabandha karmapudgala tathA jIva ke sAyujya ke aise prakAra ko batalAtA hai jo dUdha-pAnI ke mizraNa kI bhA~ti ho sakatA hai. Asrava - Asrava jIva kA vaha vaibhAvika guNa hai, jo karma ko AkarSita karatA hai. ise AtmA kA vaha vikAra evaM bhAva kahA gayA hai jo zubha tathA azubha karmapudgala tathA jIva ko apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai aura jo use jIva meM vilIna kara detA hai. Asrava karma kI jIva meM Agati athavA andara kI aura pravAha hai. Asrava kI paribhASA dete hue zrIpUrNacaMda nAhara ne likhA hai - ' Asrava is the influx of the Karma particles into the Soul, or it may be said as the acquirement by the soul of the fine Karma matter from without" arthAt Asrava karmapudgala kA jIva meM pravAha hai athavA use jIva ke dvArA bAhara se sUkSma karmapudgala ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA kahA jA sakatA hai. Asrava ko prAyaH do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai. (1) bhAvaAsrava athavA antarAtmaka pravAha. (2) dravya - Asrava athavA viSayAtmaka pravAha. bhAva Asrava kA pravAha vaha mAnasika avasthA athavA parivartana hai, jo jIva ko isa prakAra AkarSaka banA detA hai mAnoM vaha cumbaka kI bhA~ti karmapudgala ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA prApta kara letA hai. dravya Asrava kA artha vaha karmapudgala hai, jo jIva ke dvArA AkarSita kiyA jAtA hai aura saMcita kiyA jAtA hai. AsravoM kI eka aura prakAra kI vyAkhyA bhI kI gaI hai. isa dRSTi se unakI eka jalAzaya kI una moriyoM se tulanA kI gaI hai jinake dvArA jala andara kI ora pravAhita hotA hai. isa dRSTi se nimnalikhita pA~ca prakAra ke Asrava mAne gae haiM(1) mithyAtva (2) avirati ( 3 ) pramAda ( 4 ) kaSAya ( 5 ) yoga. --- mithyAtva kA artha AdhArabhUta sattA ke prati viparIta dhAraNA evaM mithyA dhAraNA rakhanA hai. zravirati kA artha tyAga ke viparIta jhukAva hai. pramAda kA artha sat karma ke prati Alasya hai. kaSAya kA artha rAga-dveSa kA utpanna honA tathA prabhAvazAlI honA hai aura yoga kA artha zarIra, mana tathA vacana kI kriyA hai. yoga ko bhI do anya vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jinheM zubha yoga tathA azubha yoga kahA gayA hai. zubha yoga puNyabandha ko utpanna karatA hai aura azubha yoga pApabandha ko. zubha yoga, jo zubha puNya kA saMcaya karane vAlA hai aura karmapudgala ke bandha kA kAraNa hai, jIva ko nirjarA kI ora avazya le jAtA hai. yoM to jaina darzana meM AsravoM kI bahuta bar3I sUciyAM dI gaI haiM kintu anya saba AsravoM ko Upara diye gaye pA~ca AsravoM ke antargata kiyA jA sakatA hai. saMvara--Asrava ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai. jainadarzana kA mukhya uddezya bandha se pUrNatayA mukta hokara mokSa kI prApti hai, isaliye jainavAda kI dRSTi se sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa tattva vaha hai jo karma ko pUrNarUpa se naSTa kara detA hai. isI mahattvapUrNa tatva ko janavAda meM saMvara kahA gayA hai. kyoMki Asrava jIva ke vAstavika rUpa evaM usakI svataMtra tathA nihita divya sattA ko AcchAdita karatA hai, isaliye saMvara vaha tattva hai jo Asrava kA virodhI hai aura jIva kI vAstavika shil mar 1.

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Jait DA0 Izvaracandra : jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta 215 sattA kI sthApanA karatA hai. saMvara ke dvArA Asrava rUpI karmapudgala ke pravAha ko roka diyA jAtA hai. saMbara kA artha jIvana ke una niyamoM kA apanAnA tathA tapazcaryA karanA hai, jo jIva ko AsravoM se mukta kare aura navIna karma-bandhana kA aMta kara de . nimnalikhita pAMca mukhya saMvara ullekhanIya haiM- ( 1 ) samyaktva athavA AdhArabhUta sattA meM dRr3ha vizvAsa (2) virati athavA anAsakti (3) zrapramAda athavA sAvadhAnI (4) akaSAya athavA krodhAdi vikAroM se nivRtti (5) ayoga athavA zarIra, mana aura vANI kI kriyAoM se mukti. ye paMcavidha saMvara jIva kA antarAtmaka parivartana kara dete haiM. jaina zAstroM meM ina saMvaroM kI bhI vistRta sUciyAM dI gaI haiM aura 57 saMvara saMbaMdhI niyama nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM. 57 niyama nimnalikhita rUpa meM saMkSepa meM batAe jA sakate haiM. (ka) pAMca samitiyAM (kha) tIna guptiyAM (ga) dasa yatidharma (gha) bAraha bhAvanAeM (Ga) bAIsa parISaha aura (ca) pAMca cAritra. ina 57 niyamoM kI vyAkhyA kA hamAre viSaya se vizeSa saMbaMdha nahIM hai, kyoMki ye sabhI saMvara vizeSatayA sAdhuoM ke vyava hAra se sambandha rakhate haiM. yahAM para itanA kaha denA paryApta hai ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA anusaraNa karane se aura inheM kisI bhI prakAra bhaMga na hone dene se jIva karma ke prabhAva se mukta ho jAtA hai, aura jaba usake karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, to use mukta avasthA kI prApti hotI hai. nirjarA - nirjarAkA artha jIva kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM karmapudgala kA AMzika kSaya ho jAtA hai. nirjarA ko spaSTa karane ke liye nimnalikhita tIna udAharaNa upayogI siddha hote haiM- ( 1 ) [ jisa prakAra jalAzaya kA gandA pAnI moriyoM ke dvArA bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jaba karma rUpI pAnI AdhyAtmika zAsana ke dvArA bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai, to vyakti nirjarA prApta karatA hai. (2) jisa prakAra ghara se jhAr3U ke dvArA kUr3A-karkaTa bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jaba karma rUpI pAnI AdhyAtmika anuzAsana ke dvArA bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai, to vyakti nirjarA prApta karatA hai. (3) jisa prakAra nAva meM ekatrita jala ko hAthoM se bAhara pheMka diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM saMcita karma ko bAhara nikAla denA nirjarA hai. mokSa - mokSa niHsaMdeha jIva kI karmapudgala se pUrNa rUpa se nivRtti hai. hama ne yaha pahale hI batalAyA hai ki cAra prakAra ke bandhoM ke dvArA jIva karmapudgala se jur3A rahatA hai. yadyapi hamane bandha kI vyAkhyA Upara kI hai, tathApi mokSa kI dhAraNA ko udAharaNoM dvArA adhika spaSTa karane ke liye bandha ke nimnalikhita tIna udAharaNa denA Avazyaka hai. (1) jisa prakAra dUdha aura makkhana eka dUsare meM otaprota hote haiM usI prakAra jIva aura karma bandha dvArA eka dUsare meM vilIna hote haiM. (2) jisa prakAra dhAtu aura miTTI eka dUsare meM vilIna hote haiM, usI prakAra AtmA aura karma bandha dvArA eka dUsare meM jur3e hote haiM. (3) jisa prakAra tila aura tela eka dUsare meM otaprota hote haiM usI prakAra bandha dvArA jIva aura karma eka dUsare meM samAviSTa hote haiM. kyoMki mokSa kI avasthA hara prakAra ke karma se jIva kI pUrNa nivRtti hai, isalie nimnalikhita udAharaNoM dvArA mokSa kI ucita vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai-- ( 1 ) jisa prakAra tela ko kolhU ke dvArA tila se nikAla liyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jaba AtmasaMyama aura tapazcaryA ke dvArA jIva ko karma se pRthak kara diyA jAtA hai, manuSya mokSa ko prApta karatA hai. (2) jisa prakAra makkhana ko vilone ke dvArA chAcha se pRthak kara diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra jaba jIva ko tapazcaryA aura AtmasaMyama dvArA karma se pRthak kara diyA jAtA hai, to mokSa prApta karatA hai. TrKH mal Use Only www.ainelibrary.org

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26 muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha dvitIya adhyAya : jaina zrAcArazAstra meM saMnyAsavAda jaina AcArazAstra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha atyanta kaThora hai, kyoMki usakA parama uddezya mokSa hai, jisakA artha ananta sukha, ananta jJAna, ananta darzana tathA ananta zakti hai. isa asAdhAraNa avasthA kI prApti svArtha kA pUrNatayA tyAga kiye vinA kadApi nahIM ho sakatI. jainadRSTi se kevala saMnyAsI hI ina kaThora naitika niyamoM kA anusaraNa kara sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha sabhI sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tyAga detA hai. vAstava meM bhAratIya darzana meM prAyaH sabhI siddhAntoM dvArA saMnyAsa kI bhAvanA ko ananta avasthA prApta karane kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai. AtmAnubhUti ke liye sabhI sAMsArika vastuoM kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai. isa prakAra ke ucca saMnyAsavAda kI ora pravRtti AtmA kI ananta banane kI prabala icchA se hI prerita hotI hai. yaha saMnyAsavAda AtmAko vizAla banAtA hai, vyakti ko usakI svArtha kI bhAvanAoM se mukta karatA hai aura eka aise jIvana kA nirmANa karatA hai, jisameM mAnavamAtra ke liye prema tathA sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai. Jain Educ.. jisameM lAbha ko eka saMnyAsavAda kA artha sevA tathA AtmatyAga hai. sevA tathA AtmatyAga kA anusaraNa kAyara tathA nirbala sakatA, apitu isa mArga para vIra aura sAhasI AtmA hI cala sakatI hai. eka sAmAnya vyakti ko jIvana apUrNa pratIta hotA ho kintu yaha tathAkathita apUrNa jIvana vAstava meM pUrNa jIvana hai. isI cInI dArzanikoM ne bhI apanAyA hai. lAojU ke anusAra "sarala jIvana aisA niSkapaTa jIvana hai, ora pheMka diyA jAtA hai, cAturya kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, svArtha tathA icchAoM kA balidAna kara diyA jAtA hai. yaha pUrNatA kA aisA niyama hai jo apUrNa pratIta hotA hai, aisI sampannatA hai jo rikta dikhAI detI hai, aisA pUrNa sIdhA mArga hai jo Ter3A dikhatA hai aisI pradAtA hai jo asundara dikhAI detI hai, aura aisI vAkpaTutA hai jo mauna dikhAI detI hai. yaha aisA jIvana hai jo talavAra kI dhAra kI bhAMti tIkhA hai, kintu jo cubhatA nahIM hai. yaha eka rekhA kI bhAMti sIdhA hai kintu prasArita nahIM hai. prakAza kI bhAMti camakadAra hai parantu AMkhoM ko cuMdhiyAtA nahIM hai. yaha vastuoM ke utpAdana tathA unake poSaNa kA vaha jIvana hai, jisameM una vastuoM ko apanA nahIM banAyA jAtA hai. yaha karma meM pravRtta hone kI vidhi hai jisameM svAbhimAna nahIM rahatA hai. yaha eka aisA sAmrAjya hai, jisameM prabhutva nahIM jamAyA jAtA ." vyakti nahIM kara hI saMnyAsa kA ko lAo jaise bhale saMnyAsa - jIvana kA yaha vicitra lakSaNa, jo ki eka virodhAbhAsa ko prakaTa karatA hai, aisI jaTilatA utpanna karatA hai, jisako sulajhAnA sAmAnya vyakti kA kAma nahIM hai. isa jIvana ke marma ko samajhane ke lie aise jIvana kA gambhIra adhyayana karanA cAhie. hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki saMnyAsI ke jIvana kA uddezya mAnavamAtra kA utthAna tathA usakA Adarza eka sampUrNa jIvana kI prApti hone ke kAraNa nirAzAvAda ko vaha prazraya nahIM de sakatA. isameM sandeha nahIM ki saMnyAsI jIvana ke tathAkathita sukhoM ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai kintu usakA uddezya parama sukha hotA hai. vaha apane vAtAvaraNa ke prati asantuSTa yA kama se kama taTastha dikhAI detA hai, tathApi usakA mukhya uddezya parama sattA kI anubhUti hotA hai. bhAratIya darzana ko samajhane ke liye hameM buddha dvArA prastuta cAra AryasatyoM ko nahIM bhUlanA cAhie jo nimnalikhita haiM: (1) vizva meM dukha hai (2) usa dukha kA kAraNa hai (3) usa dukha kA anta hotA hai tathA ( 4 ) isa uddezya kI prApti kA upAya hai. isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhAratIya darzana saMnyAsavAda ko nirAzAvAda ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM karatA, apitu use mokSa kA sAdhana mAtra hI mAnatA hai. jainavAda ko zramaNavAda isalie kahA jAtA hai ki isake anusAra kevala saMnyAsI athavA sAdhu hI ahiMsA kA nirapekSa anusaraNa karake mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai. yadyapi isameM gRhasthiyoM ke lie bhI naitika niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, tathApi jaina AcArazAstra pradhAnatayA saMnyAsavAdI AcAra zAstra hai. gRhastha zrAvakoM ke liye jisa prakAra ke AcAra ko pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai, use aNuvrata kahate haiM. kintu jo prAcAra sAdhuoM ke liye pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, use mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai. mahAvratoM tathA aguvratoM kI vyAkhyA karane se pUrva yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki jaina AcArazAstra 6 www.ainelibrary.org

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DA0 Izvaracandra : jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta : 267 ---0-0--0--0-0-0--0-0-0 mokSa ko hI eka mAtra puruSArtha mAnatA hai aura mokSa kI yaha tattvAtmaka dhAraNA hI use pAzcAtya AcArazAstra ke siddhAntoM kI apekSA utkRSTa pramANita karatI hai. jainavAda ke anusAra mokSa kI dhAraNA eka aisA amUrta Adarza nahIM hai, jo ki manuSyoM ko kevala icchAoM kA anta karane kI AjJA de, aura na hI vaha pazcimI sukhavAda kI bhA~ti icchAoM kI nirakuMza tRpti ko vAMchanIya svIkAra karatA hai. jaba mokSa kI prApti hotI hai to vyakti ananta jJAna, ananta sukha, ananta darzana aura ananta vIrya prApta karane ke kAraNa pUrNatva kA anubhava karatA hai aura usakI icchAeM svataH hI samApta ho jAtI haiM. isa prakAra zAzvata aura vyApaka AtmAnubhUti meM kAnTa dvArA prastuta tatmika AkAra tathA pazcimI sukhavAda dvArA pratipAdita sukha kI bhautika sAmagrI donoM sammilita hote hai. mokSa niHsandeha eka tatmika evaM pratyayAtmaka dhAraNA hai aura sAdhAraNa dRSTi se bhautika nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha mokSa kI anubhUti, jisakA artha AtmAnubhUti hai, naitikatA ko vizvavyApI AtmA se sambandhita karatI hai aura isa vyApaka AtmAnubhUti meM tarka tathA sukha donoM kA samanvaya ho jAtA hai. yaha satya hai ki eka pUrNa naitika siddhAMta ke liye eka aisI tattvAtmaka dhAraNA kI AvazyakatA hai, jo Adarza hote hue bhI vAstava meM anubhUta kiyA jA sake aura jo vyApaka hote hue bhI antarAtmaka ho. yadyapi kAnTa ne sadguNa ke Antarika aMga para bala diyA hai, tathApi usane eka bAharI Izvara kI mAnyatA ko apane naitika siddhAMta ko pUrNa banAne ke liye hI svIkAra kiyA hai. kAnTa eka vyApaka dRSTikoNa ko hI Adarza dRSTikoNa mAnatA hai aura kahatA hai ki hameM apane Apako tathA anya manuSyoM ko kadApi sAdhana na mAna kara svalakSya-sAdhya hI svIkAra karanA cAhie. vaha eka uddezyAtmaka sAmrAjya sthApita karane kI ceSTA karatA hai, yadyapi usakA yaha uddezyavAda kucha aspaSTa hai. tathApi kAnTa kI dhAraNA hai ki sadAcAra tathA sukha donoM mila kara pUrNa zubha kA nirmANa karate haiM, tathApi vaha yaha spaSTa nahIM karatA ki ina donoM kA paraspara samanvaya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isa jaTila samasyA ko sulajhAne ke liye vaha sarvajJa aura sarvazaktimAn Izvara kI dhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai, jo pratyeka vyakti ko usake sadAcAra ke anurUpa sukha pradAna karane vAlA hai. yaha eka vicitra bAta hai ki vaha kAnTa, jo uddezyAtmaka sAmrAjya kA samarthaka hai aura jo isa bAta para bala detA hai ki manuSya svalakSya hai, vaha svayaM Izvara ko sadAcAra tathA sukha ke samanvaya ke uddezya kI pUrti ke liye sAdhana mAtra svIkAra karatA hai. kAnTa manuSya ko svalakSya mAnate hue bhI sadAcAra ke AtmasaMgata siddhAMta ko isaliye saMgata pramANita nahIM kara sakA kyoMki vaha AtmAnubhUti ke siddhAMta se anabhijJa thA, vaha mokSa kI dhAraNA kA jJAna nahIM rakhatA thA. pazcimIya naitika siddhAMta, naitikatA ko sApekSa svIkAra karate haiM aura use eka virodhAbhAsa mAnate haiM. braiDale ne apanI pustaka 'naitika adhyayana' (Ethical Studies) meM likhA hai ....... 'naitikatA meM virodhAbhAsa to hai hI, vaha hameM usa vastu ko anubhUta karane kA Adeza detI hai jisakI (pUrNa) anubhUti kadApi nahIM ho sakatI aura yadi usakI anubhUti ho jAya to vaha svayaM naSTa ho jAtI hai. koI bhI vyakti kabhI bhI pUrNatayA naitika nahIM rahA hai aura na bhaviSya meM ho sakatA hai. jahAM para apUrNatA nahIM hai, vahAM para koI naitika aucitya nahIM ho sakatA. naitika aucitya eka virodhAbhAsa hai.' kyoMki mokSa kI prApti kI dhAraNA pAzcAtya vicArakoM ko jJAta nahIM hai, isaliye ve isa tathya se anabhijJa haiM ki naitikatA ke virodhAbhAsa ko aise stara para pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo ki tarka aura buddhi se UMcA stara hai. kAnTha tattvAtmaka dRSTi se to anubhavAtIta siddhAMta prastuta karatA hai. kintu vaha anubhavAtIta naitika siddhAMta (Transcendentalism in Ethics) prastuta nahIM kara sakA. yahI kAraNa hai ki use dharmavAda kA Azraya lenA par3A aura bAhyAtmaka tathA vaiyaktika Izvara kI dhAraNA ko svIkAra karanA par3A. jainavAda manuSya ke virodhAbhAsa aura usakI apUrNatA se santuSTa nahIM rahatA. usake anusAra manuSya svabhAva se virodhAbhAsa se pare hai aura usameM pUrNatva nihita hai. usake jIvana kA uddezya naitika tathA AdhyAtmika anuzAsana ke dvArA isa avyakta pUrNatva ko vyakta karanA hai. manuSya meM virodhAbhAsa nahIM hai. hameM aisI naitikatA ko svIkAra hI nahIM karanA cAhie, jo eka virodhAbhAsa ho. baDale ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai"manuSya virodhAbhAsa se kucha adhika hai." merI yaha dhAraNA hai ki yaha Adhikya vaha AdhyAtmika kSamatA hai, jo ofivaterent www.jarelibrary.org

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218 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya ----0-0---0----0-0-0-0 manuSya ko pUrNatA tathA samarUpatA prApta karane ke yogya banAtI hai evaM use mokSa kI anubhUti karAtI hai. kevala aisI mokSa kI dhAraNA ke dvArA hI AkAra tathA sAmagrI, sat tathA asat, zubha tathA azubha, tarka tathA sukha, sAmAjika tathA vaiyaktika kalyANa ke virodha ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai. naitikatA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM mokSa hameM AkAra tathA sAmagrI, tarka tathA sukha detA hai. isa prakAra janavAda ke anusAra mokSa hI eka mAtra naitika Adarza hai. isa dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhate hue hameM jaina AcArazAstra kA adhyayana karanA cAhie. saMnyAsI athavA sAdhu kI prAcAra-mImAMsA jainasiddhAMta ke anusAra ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA anusaraNa karanA mokSa kA sAdhana hai. jainadharma meM inhIM pAMca niyamoM ko sAdhuoM ke AcAra ke AdhArabhUta niyamoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. ahiMsA kA artha hara prakAra kI hiMsA se bacanA hai, cAhe vaha hiMsA sUkSma se sUkSma adRzya jIvoM kI ho, cAhe vaha pazuoM kI ho aura cAhe manuSyoM kI. hiMsA kA artha kevala zarIra dvArA hiMsA karanA hI nahIM hai, apitu mana aura vacana dvArA bhI hiMsA karanA hai. jaba jaina sAdhu ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha hara prakAra se yahI ceSTA karatA hai ki isa mahAvrata kA yathAsambhava nirapekSa rUpa se anusaraNa kare aura mana, vacana tathA kAyA se kisI bhI jIvadhArI ko duHkha na de. yaha tIna prakAra kI ahiMsA tIna guptiyoM para AdhArita mAnI jAtI hai. dUsare zabdoM meM mana, vacana tathA karma dvArA mahAvratoM ke pAlana karane ko tIna guptiyAM kahA gayA hai. hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki sabhI mahAvratoM kA mUla AdhAra ahiMsA mahAvata hai. isa ahiMsA kA nirapavAda anusaraNa karane ke liye hI anya cAritra saMbaMdhI niyamoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. satya bolanA isaliye Avazyaka hai ki kisI ke prati jhUTha bolane se usa vyakti ko kama se kama mAnasika AghAta avazya pahu~catA hai. yadi koI vyakti satya kI avahelanA karake kevala ahiMsA ko apanAne kI ceSTA kare to vaha kadApi aisA nahIM kara sakatA. asatya bola kara hama niHsaMdeha vacana dvArA hiMsA karate haiM aura dUsare vyakti ke mana ko du:khI karate haiM. isI prakAra kisI vyakti kI saMpatti ko curAnA evaM tIsare mahAvrata ko bhaMga karanA hiMsA hai. jisa vyakti kI sampatti curAI jAtI hai, niHsaMdeha usako mAnasika AghAta pahu~catA hai. ataH asteya bhI ahiMsA para AdhArita hai. Adhunika vijJAna bhI isa dRSTikoNa ko puSTa karatA hai ki brahmacarya para na calane se arthAt kAma kI tRpti se asaMkhya jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai. ataH brahmacarya ahiMsA ko puSTa karane kA sAdhana hai. aparigraha kA artha AvazyakatA se adhika sampatti na rakhanA hai. yaha spaSTa hai ki jo vyakti AvazyakatA se adhika dhana-dhAnya Adi rakhatA hai, vaha niHsaMdeha una nirdhanoM aura bhUkhoM ko jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM se vaMcita rakha rahA hai, jinakI rakSA karane ke liye atirikta dhana aura dhAnya kA sadupayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai. ataH aparigraha kA anusaraNa karanA ahiMsAtmaka jIvana ko puSTa karanA hai. sAdhuoM kA AcAra pUrNatayA ahiMsAtmaka mAnA gayA hai. isaliye pratyeka jaina sAdhu ko pA~ca mahAvratoM aura tIna guptiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha nimnalikhita pA~ca samitiyoM kA bhI anusaraNa karanA par3atA hai :-(1) IryAsamiti arthAt jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke liye sAvadhAnI se calanA. (2) bhASAsamiti-vacana dvArA hiMsA se bacane ke liye bhASA para niyaMtraNa rakhanA. (3) eSaNAsamiti-sAdhu dvArA bhojana tathA jala kA sAvadhAnI se nirIkSaNa kiyA jAnA aura yaha nizcita karanA ki jo anna tathA jala use diyA jA rahA hai vaha usI ke liye to prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA. (4) AdAna-nikSepaNasamiti- sUkSma jIvoM ko AghAta na pahu~cAne kI dRSTi se nitya kI Avazyaka vastuoM ko sAvadhAnI se prayoga meM lAnA. (5) pariSThApanikA-samiti-anAvazyaka vastuoM ko sAvadhAnI se visarjita karanA. ye pA~ca samitiyAM sAdhu ko ahiMsA ke mArga para calane meM sahAyatA detI haiM aura yaha pramANita karatI haiM ki sAdhu kA jIvana hara prakAra se eka taTasthatA kA jIvana honA cAhie / sAdhu-AcAra kI yaha taTasthatA isaliye Avazyaka hai ki isI ke dvArA vaha hara prakAra ke rAga-dveSa se mukta ho sakatA hai. jaba taka sAdhu saMsAra ke dvandvoM se Upara uTha kara nirapekSa rUpa se ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM karatA taba taka vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatA. sAdhAraNatayA ahiMsA kA artha anya prANiyoM kI rakSA bhI mAnA jAtA hai. yahI kAraNa hai ki adhikatara jaina gRhastha athavA zrAvaka pakSiyoM ko dAnA DAlate esse Only www.jainelibran org

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DA0 Izvaracandra : jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta : 266 haiM aura bImAra pazu-pakSiyoM ke liye cikitsAlaya Adi banavAte haiM. isa prakAra dayA ko ahiMsA ke samakakSa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai. kintu jainavAda meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM "terApantha " nAma kA mata ahiMsA kI vicitra vyAkhyA karatA hai aura use jIvana kI rakSA se pRthaka mAnatA hai. ahiMsA kI isa paribhASA kA niSpakSa vizleSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki ahiMsA hI jaina naitikatA kA Adarza hai. jahAM taka sAdhu AcAra kA sambandha hai nirapekSa dRSTi para AdhArita ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai. nirapekSa dRSTi se jo ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai, vaha niHsaMdeha janasAdhAraNa kI paridhi se bAhara hai aura usake anusAra sAdhAraNa hiMsA aura anivArya hiMsA meM koI bheda nahIM hai. isa dRSTi se hiMsA hara avasthA meM aura hara samaya para hiMsA hI hai. yadi eka bAra hama sUkSma jIvoM ke astitva ko svIkAra kara lete haiM to koI kAraNa nahIM ki kucha mAnavIya jIvoM kI rakSA karane ke liye ananta sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi se anaitika na samajhA jAya. isa bAta ko to svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa prakAra kI nirapekSa ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA eka buddhimAn manuSya ke liye isalie asambhava hai ki vaha sUkSma jIvoM ke saMhAra ke vinA apane Apako jIvita nahIM rakha sakatA. kintu tasvAtmaka AdhAra para isa prakAra kI sApekSa hiMsA ko ahiMsA kahanA aura aise karma ko mokSa kI dRSTi se saMgata svIkAra karanA bhI eka bhUla hai. terApaMthiyoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki manuSya vivaza hokara sApekSa ahiMsA ke mArga ko apanAtA hai aura usakA aisA karanA mokSa mArga ke anukUla nahIM kahA jA sakatA. unakI yaha dhAraNA hai ki AdhyAtmika jIvana meM tathA vyAvahArika jIvana meM bheda hai. manuSya ko yaha svIkAra karanA cAhie ki vaha nirbala hai aura vaha hara samaya AdhyAtmika naitikatA kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA. nirapekSa ahiMsA, jo ki sUkSma tathA sthUla hara prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ko samAna rUpa se anaitika mAnatI hai, sAdhujIvana kA hI Adarza bana sakatI hai. ahiMsA kI yaha dhAraNA terApaMtha ke anusAra sUkSma jIvoM ke prati tathA manuSyoM ke prati dayA ke bheda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI. yaha to svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki manuSya nirapekSa rUpa se ahiMsA ko nahIM apanA sakatA. mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI nirapekSa ahiMsA ke viSaya meM isa prakAra ke vicAra prakaTa kie haiM. unake zabdoM meM "nirapekSa evaM pUrNa ahiMsA kA artha sabhI jIvoM ke prati hara prakAra kI durbhAvanA se mukta rahanA hai aura isalie usake kSetra meM mAnavetara bhayAnaka pazu tathA kIr3e bhI sammilita ho jAte haiM." eka aura sthAna para gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai- "ahiMsA eka atyanta bhayAnaka zabda hai. manuSya bAhyAtmaka hiMsA ke vinA jIvita hI nahIM raha sakatA. vaha khAte, pIte, baiThate, uThate samaya anAyAsa hI kisI-na-kisI prakAra kI hiMsA karatA rahatA hai. usI vyakti ko ahiMsA kA pujArI mAnanA cAhie, jo isa prakAra kI hiMsA se nivRtta hone kA satata prayAsa karatA hai, jisakA mana dayA se pUrNa hai aura jo sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA kI bhI icchA nahIM karatA. aise manuSya kA niyantraNa tathA usake hRdaya kI komalatA sadaiva pravRddha hote cale jAyeMge. kintu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki koI bhI jIvita prANI bAhyAtmaka hiMsA se pUrNatayA mukta nahIM hai." mahAtmA gAMdhI ne to nirapekSa ahiMsA ko asambhava mAnakara sApekSa ahiMsA ko hI sAmAnya manuSya ke liye Adarza mAnA hai. unhoMne apane lekhoM tathA bhASaNoM meM aneka bAra yaha abhivyakta kiyA hai ki unakI ahiMsA eka vizeSa ahiMsA hai. vaha una jIvadhAriyoM ke prati dayA ko ahiMsA nahIM mAnate jo manuSyoM kA bhakSaNa kara jAte haiM kintu terApanthI sAdhu yaha mAna kara calate haiM ki virakta saMnyAsI ke lie nirapekSa ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai. isaliye ve AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jIvarakSA ko ahiMsA nahIM mAnate. unakA kahanA yaha hai ki jIvarakSA vyAvahArika dRSTi se sarAhanIya mAnI jA sakatI hai kintu AdhyAtmika evaM mokSa kI dRSTi se use dharma svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai. isa mata ke vartamAna AcArya tulasI ne dayA kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai "dayA kA artha apanI tathA anya prANiyoM kI AtmA kI adharma se rakSA karanA hai. vyAvahArika jIvana meM jIva kI rakSA ko bhI dayA kahA jAtA hai." hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaba AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI tulanA meM dayA kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jAtA hai to vaha ahiMsA kI apekSA nyUna stara kA mUlya pramANita hotI hai. ataH isa mata ke anusAra jo vyakti dayA se prerita hokara dUsare ke prANoM F Private & Pers www.aielibrary.org

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-----0-0-0-0--0-0-0-0 300 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-prantha : dvitIya adhyAya kI rakSA karatA hai, usakI sarAhanA kI jA sakatI hai, kintu yadi mokSa ke sthAna para dayA ko karma kA preraka mAnA jAya to aisA karma AdhyAtmika dRSTi se anucita hogA. dayA se prerita hokara prANa kI rakSA, ahiMsA ke atirikta anya sAdhanoM se bhI kI jA sakatI hai. aisI avasthA meM dayA ko mokSa ke lie upayogI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki sAdhu na to dhana rakha sakatA hai aura na kisI anya vyakti ko dhana de sakatA hai. yadi dhana ke sthAna para vyAdha ko samajhA-bujhA kara usake mana ko parivartita kara diyA jAya to yaha karma AtmA kI rakSA se prerita hone ke kAraNa mokSa-dharma samajhA jAyegA, yadyapi isameM prANI kI rakSA svata: hI ho jAyegI. isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kevala adhyAtma aura aura anubhavAtIta dRSTi se hI AtmA kI rakSA ko jIva kI rakSA kI apekSA utkRSTa mAnA jA sakatA hai. yahA~ para smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki jahAM taka sAdhu-AcAra kA sambandha hai, kucha sImA taka prANa-rakSA kI ora taTasthatA ko dharma svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai. kyoMki sAdhu mumukSu hotA hai, use zubha azubha se Upara uThanA par3atA hai aura ahiMsA kA pAlana karate samaya jIvoM ke prati tanika mAtra rAga-dveSa se bhI mukta rahanA par3atA hai. zubha tathA azubha karmoM ko jaina darzana meM bandha mAnA gayA hai. jainadarzana ke vikhyAta vidvAn zrI e0 ena0 upAdhye ne likhA hai "zubha tathA azubha karmoM kI lohe tathA sone kI hathakar3iyoM se upamA dI jA sakatI hai. mokSa prApta karane ke liye ina donoM se mukta honA cAhiye. yaha Avazyaka hai ki Asakti ko tyAga diyA jAya aura vyakti apanI vizuddha AtmA meM hI sthita hojAya, anyathAsamasta tapazcaryA aura dhArmika karma nirarthaka haiM.' kintu terApaMthI isa taTasthatA para AvazyakatA se adhika bala dete haiM aura prANarakSA ko kevala vyAvahArika dayA svIkAra karate haiM. isa kartavya ko kevala vyAvahArika karttavya kaha kara aura usakA uttaradAyitva gRhasthoM para chor3a kara terApaMthI AdhyAtmika taTasthatA para AvazyakatA se adhika bala dete haiM. ve isa bAta ko bhUla jAte haiM ki prANarakSA karate samaya bhI eka sAdhu taTastha raha sakatA hai aura isa prakAra prANarakSA bhI AtmA kI rakSA kI bhAMti AdhyAtmika dayA ho sakatI haiM. vizeSa kara sAdhu ke lie yaha anivArya nahIM hai ki vaha prANiyoM kI rakSA karate samaya, unake prati rAga athavA Asakti rakhe. AdhyAtmika Adarza para calate hue bhI aura prANoM kI rakSA karate hue ghRNA, dveSa, bhaya, Adi se nivRtti kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai. aisA Adarza hameM bhagavadgItA kI sthitaprajJa kI dhAraNA meM milatA hai. bhagavadgItA ke anusAra sthitaprajJa vahI hai, jo dukhoM kA anubhava karate samaya udvegarahita hai, jo sukha kA anubhava karate samaya abhimAna evaM AtmaprazaMsA se rahita hai aura jisake bhaya krodha Adi naSTa ho gae haiM. eka sAdhu ko bhI dukha-sukha kA anubhava karanA par3atA hai, kyoMki ye anubhava usake pUrva janma kA phala hote haiM. kintu usameM aura gRhastha meM antara hotA hai ki gRhastha bhAvAveza se asantulita avasthA meM hotA hai, jaba ki sAdhu sthitaprajJa hone ke kAraNa zAMta hotA hai. vaha na kisI vyakti se prasanna hotA hai na aprasanna. zubha azubha vastuoM ke prati vaha anAsakta aura taTastha rahatA hai. bhagavadgItA kA yaha Adarza jaina sAdhu ke Adarza ke sadRza hai. kundakundAcArya ke zabdoM meM- 'ajJAnI ke liye karma bandha kA kAraNa banatA hai, jaba ki jJAnI AdhyAtmika hone ke kAraNa usa samaya halkA evaM sAtvika hotA hai, jaba ki vaha karma ke phala ko bhogatA hai. vaha sAdhu jo jIvita prANiyoM kI rakSA karate samaya AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se bhAvazUnya hotA hai aura jisakA dRSTikoNa vizvAtIta hotA hai, kadApi karma se Asakta nahIM ho sakatA aura na hI usakA karma bandha ko utpanna kara sakatA hai." sthitaprajJa kI yaha dhAraNA jaina dhAraNA ke viparIta nahIM hai. kundakundAcArya ne jJAnI kI jo dhAraNA prastuta kI hai, vaha sthitaprajJa kI dhAraNA ke sadRza hai. kundakundAcArya ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki jJAnI ko apanI AtmA meM hI sthita rahanA cAhiye aura yaha Atmasthiti hI use Ananda detI hai. isI AtmAnubhUti ke lie hI anAsakta rahanA Avazyaka hai. kundakundAcArya ne pravacanasAra meM isa dRSTikoNa kI puSTi karate hue spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai-'paramANu ke barAbara tanikamAtra Asakti bhI AtmAnubhUti ke lie mahAn Apatti kA kAraNa hai, yadyapi kisI vyakti ne sabhI AgamoM ko kaNThastha bhI kyoM na kara liyA ho. vyakti ko apanI AtmA meM nilIna ho kara Atmasthita rahanA cAhie, kyoMki AtmA hI jJAna kA bhaNDAra hai. isa prakAra santuSTa rahanA hI utkRSTa evaM parama sukha hai. bhagavadgItA ke dUsare V Jain Education Intemational

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DA0 Izvaracandra : jainadharma ke naitika siddhAnta : 301 -0--0--0-0-0--0--0--0--0-0 adhyAya kA 55 vA zloka, jo sthitaprajJa kI aisI vyAkhyA karatA hai, nimnalikhita hai"he arjuna ! jaba eka vyakti mana se utpanna apanI sabhI icchAoM ko tyAga detA hai aura jaba apanI AtmA ke dvArA apanI AtmA meM sthita ho kara santuSTa evaM tRpta ho jAtA hai, taba vaha sthitaprajJa kahalAtA hai." yaha Adarza zrIkRSNa dvArA arjuna ko yaha samajhAne ke lie pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki yadi arjuna jaisA yoddhA niSkAma bhAva se apane kartavya kA pAlana kare, to vaha karma ke bandhana meM nahIM par3atA. isI prakAra jaina mumukSu evaM sAdhu bhI prANoM kI rakSA karatA huA santulita raha sakatA hai aura karma-pudgala se mukta ho sakatA hai. sAdhu tathA yoddhA ke kartavyoM meM bheda avazya ho sakatA hai, kintu sAdhu AcAra kA mArgadarzana karane vAle jaina siddhAnta tathA yoddhA ke mArgadarzana karane vAle bhagavadgItA ke siddhAnta kA lakSya eka hI hai, bhagavadgItA ke anusAra mumukSu eka sAdhu kI bhA~ti phala kI icchA se rahita hokara yuddha-kSetra meM apane kartavya kA pAlana karatA huA bhI sokSa prApta kara sakatA hai. kintu jaina sAdhu evaM mumukSu eka virakta kI bhA~ti prANarakSA ke bhautika phala ke prati taTastha raha kara AdhyAtmika kSetra meM apane kartavya kA pAlana karatA hai, usakA uddezya bhI mokSa kI prApti hai. yadi eka sainika dvArA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kiyA gayA deza kI rakSA kA kartavya mokSa prApta karane meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai, to ahiMsA ke mArga para calane vAle sAdhu dvArA taTastha dRSTi se kiyA gayA prANarakSA kA kartavya bhI avazya hI AdhyAtmika mAnA jA sakatA hai. terApaMthI anAsakti para AvazyakatA se adhika bala dete huye yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki AtmA kI rakSA kI bhA~ti jIvarakSA bhI niSkAma bhAva se ho sakatI hai. jisa prakAra mumukSu ke lie prANarakSA para AvazyakatA se adhika bala na denA isalie Avazyaka hai ki vaha kahIM mokSa ke parama lakSya ko vismRta na karade, usI prakAra usake liye AtmA kI rakSA para AvazyakatA se adhika bala na denA bhI isaliye hI mahattvapUrNa hai ki vaha kahIM prANa rakSA jaise zubha sAdhana kI upekSA na karade. yadi AdhyAtmika aMga kI ora upekSA prANarakSA ko svalakSya mAnane kI bhrAnti utpanna kara sakatI hai, to prANarakSA ko mokSa kA sAdhana na mAnane kI pravRtti bhI mumukSu meM prANarakSA ke prati ghRNA utpanna kara sakatI hai. yadi jIvita prANiyoM ke prati rAga, bandha kA kAraNa hai to unake prati ghRNA bhI bandha kA hI kAraNa hai. vAstava meM ye donoM dRSTikoNa eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM. jainadarzana meM AtmA kI rakSA tathA prANarakSA donoM ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai. AtmA kI rakSA niHsandeha isa siddhAnta ke tattvAtmaka lakSaNa para bala detI hai, jaba ki prANa rakSA tathA AtmA kI rakSA donoM hI sAdhu ke liye mahattvapUrNa haiM aura ina donoM kA samanvaya yaha pramANita karatA hai ki jainavAda eka naitika tattvAtmaka (Ethicometaphysical) siddhAnta hai. zrAvakAcAra (Ethics for laymen) yadyapi jainavAda kA yaha mata hai ki mokSaprApti ke liye gRhastha tathA vAnaprastha AzramoM se gujaranA anivArya nahIM hai. unameM gujarane se pUrva hI saMnyAsa apanAnA Avazyaka hai, tathApi eka gRhastha pAMca mahAvratoM kA AMzika anusaraNa karake tyAgAzrama ke jIvana kA abhyAsa kara sakatA hai. sabhI jaina sampradAya yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki gRhasthiyoM evaM zrAvakoM ke liye aNuvratoM kA anusaraNa karanA bhI vAstava meM tyAga ke jIvana kA abhyAsa karanA hai. aNuvrata kA artha mahAvrata kA sUkSma aMza athavA aNu hai. aNuvrata vAstava meM mahAvratoM para AdhArita sarala niyama hai. isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki aNuvratoM kI jainamata meM jo vyAkhyA kI gaI hai use dekhate hue vaha hamArI aneka naitika aura sAmAjika samasyAoM ko sulajhA sakate haiM. ye aNuvata na hI kevala eka manuSya ko Atmazuddhi ke dvArA AtmAnubhUti karA sakate haiM, apitu satya, ahiMsA, nyAya tathA sAhasa para AdhArita eka dRr3ha caritra kA nirmANa kara sakate haiM. jainavAda ke uparokta adhyayana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa darzana kA vizeSa lakSaNa isakI vyAvahArikatA hai. isakA sunizcita naitika anuzAsana vyakti ko sAmAnya stara se Upara uThAtA hai aura use saccaritra dvArA yathArtha jJAna se avagata karAtA hai. janavAda ko samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak caritra ke tIna niyamoM para AdhArita mAnA gayA hai. inhIM ALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL L LL wwwwwwwwwww wwwwwww wwwww Joaololololo biolololololol /01010101olol TWIMURTIUIII Jain Education Intem. STEREO mamientory.org

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302 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya tInoM niyamoM ko ratnatrayI kahA jAtA hai. sarvaprathama samyakdarzana evaM samyak niSThA ko isIlie sthAna diyA gayA hai ki niSThA ke binA na to yathArtha jJAna kI prApti ho sakatI hai aura na samyak caritra kA anusaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai. gItA ke anusAra bhI yaha kahA gayA hai 'zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM, saMzayAtmA vinazyati' arthAt niSThA vAlA vyakti hI yathArtha jJAna ko prApta karatA hai aura sandeha karane vAlA vyakti nAza ko prApta hotA hai. samyak jJAna kA Adarza jainadarzana meM pratipAdita una navatattvoM kA jJAna hai, jinakI vyAkhyA hamane Upara dI hai. samyak-cAritra kA artha una satyoM ko jIvana meM avatarita karanA hai, jinako ki yathArtha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. kyoMki jainavAda bandhana se mukti prApta karane kA sAdhana saMvara mAnatA hai, isalie inhIM mahAvatoM kA anusaraNa karanA athavA una para AdhArita aNuvratoM ko jIvana meM apanAnA samyakcaritra mAnA jAyegA. hamane Upara diye gae vivecana meM yaha dekhA ki jainavAda kA AcArazAstra ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAna kara calatA hai aura ahiMsA eka niSedhAtmaka dhAraNA pratIta hotI hai. kintu jaba isa mahAn Adarza ko jIvana meM apanAyA jAtA hai to yaha niSedhAtmaka Adarza se kahIM adhika pramANita hotA hai. isa Adarza ko nirapekSa rUpa se jIvana meM apanAnA kaThina hI nahIM, apitu vyAvahArika dRSTi se asabhava pratIta hotA hai kintu antaraMga meM pUrNa ahiMsAvRtti jAgRta ho jAne para ahiMsA ke AcaraNa meM bhI pUrNatA AjAtI hai. ataH ahiMsA kA mArga sarala mArga nahIM, apitu eka talavAra kI dhAra kI bhA~ti kaThina mArga hai. mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate huye aneka bAra kahA hai "yaha mArga nirbala va bhIru vyakti ke liye nahIM, apitu vIra aura sAhasI vyakti ke liye nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai." jainavAda eka aisA siddhAMta hai jisane yugoM se ahiMsA ke mArga ko apanAyA hai aura jo Aja taka bhI isa ucca Adarza ko jIvana meM avatarita kara rahA hai. ahiMsA kA artha na hI kevala kisI vyakti ko AghAta na pahu~cAnA hai, apitu dUsaroM kI kriyAtmaka sevA karanA bhI hai. yadyapi jainavAda vyaktigata rUpa se ahiMsAtmaka AdarzoM ko jIvana meM utArane para bala detA hai, tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki usakA uddezya mAnavamAtra kA kalyANa aura sAmAjika pragati hai. Aja vizva Arthika dRSTi se pUMjIvAda aura sAmyavAda kI dalabandI meM grasta hai. pUMjIvAda vyakti ko AvazyakatA se adhika sampatti ekatrita karane kI AjJA dekara na hI kevala lobha ke avaguNa ko protsAhana detA hai, parantu Arthika viSamatAeM utpanna karane ke kAraNa asaMkhya manuSyoM ko bhojana se bhI vaMcita karatA hai. pUjIvAda niHsandeha parokSa rUpa se hiMsA aura zoSaNa ko protsAhana detA hai. sAmyavAdI hiMsA kA prayoga karake balapUrvaka sampatti kA vitaraNa karate haiM. aura vyakti kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM kA damana karate haiM. isa paMjIvAda aura sAmyavAda ke pArasparika saMgharSa kA eka mAtra vikalpa AdhyAtmika sAmyavAda hai, jo niHsandeha jainavAda dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsAtmaka mArga kI svAbhAvika utpatti hai. vinobA bhAve ne bhArata meM bhUdAna ke yajJa meM jo zveta krAnti utsanna kI hai vaha vAstava meM ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke niyamoM para AdhArita hai. yahA~ para yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki mahAtmA gAMdhI jI ne svatantratA-saMgrAma meM jisa ahiMsAtmaka mArga ko apanAyA aura jisakA anusaraNa karake unhoMne apane tathA apane sAthiyoM ke udAtta caritra kA nirmANa kiyA, usakI preraNA unheM jainavAda se avazya prApta huI hai. ahiMsA ko rAjanIti meM apanA kara aura satyAgraha kI prathA ko sarvapriya banAkara mahAtmA gAMdhI ne yaha pramANita kara diyA ki ahiMsA aNuvrata ke rUpa meM karor3oM vyaktiyoM dvArA eka sAtha vyAvahArika jIvana meM avatarita kI jA sakatI hai. isa ahiMsAtmaka mArga ko apanAnA niHsandeha svatantratA saMgrAma meM advitIya sAhasa aura vIratA kA kAma thA, kyoMki isa saMgharSa meM satyAgrahI ko zastroM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA thA-cupacApa dukha sahana karanA paDatA thA. kintu mahAtmA gAMdhI kI saphalatA ne yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki naitika zakti bhautika zakti se adhika balavatI hai aura satya para AdhArita ahiMsA kI sadaiva vijayI hotI hai. hoto Jain Education Interational