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________________ jaina dharma ke mUla tatva : eka paricaya zrI svarUpasiMha cuNDAvata, eDavokeTa [upAdhyakSa, vidyApracAraNI sabhA, bhUpAla nobalsa mahAvidyAlaya, udayapura] jaina dharma eka atyanta hI prAcIna dharma hai / prAcIna hI nahIM, kintu eka vaijJAnika dharma bhI hai / isakI prAcInatA, isakA darzana, isakI tarka-praNAlI prANImAtra ke liye upayogI hai| isameM parimANu, aNu ityAdi aisI bAteM haiM jinako Aja kA Adhunika vijJAna bhI naye vaijJAnika prayogoM ke sAtha lAbhAnvita pAtA hai| isakA jIvana-darzana saMsAra kI kaI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke liye Aja bhI upayogI hai| isa sabake pIche usakA eka darzana hai, usa darzana meM hI usake mUla tatva sannihita hai| jaina darzana ke pramukha prameya utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya haiN| utpAda kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki sRSTi meM jo kucha hai| vaha pahale se hI utpanna hai tathA jo nahIM hai usase kisI bhI tattva kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / vyaya kA artha isa bAta se hai ki pratyeka padArtha apane pUrva paryAya (rUpa) ko chor3a kara kSaNa-kSaNa navIna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai aura dhauvya yaha vizvAsa hai ki padArthoM ke rUpAntara kI yaha prakriyA sanAtana hai, usakA kabhI bhI avarodha yA nAza nahIM hotA / vaha utpAda, vyaya va dhauvya isa prakAra vilakSaNa hai / koI bhI padArtha cetana ho yA acetana isa niyama kA apavAda nahIM hai / jaina dharma yaha mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai aura vaha jina chaha tattvoM se banI hai, ve tattva bhI anAdi hai| ve chaha tattva haiM - (1) jIva, (2) pudgala, (3) dharmaM, (4) adharma, (5) AkAza va ( 6 ) kAla / ina chaha tattvoM meM kevala pudgala hI aisA tattva hai jisakA hama rUpa dekha sakate haiM bAkI sabhI aise haiM jo amUrta haiM; jo rUpavAna nahIM haiM / ina chaH tattvoM meM jIva hI eka aisA hai jo cetana hai bAkI 5 tattva nirjIva haiM, acetana haiN| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jIva pudgala ke binA Thahara nahIM sktaa| pudgala ke sahavAsa se usako chuTakArA taba milatA hai jaba vaha saMsAra ke bandhanoM se chUTa jAtA hai| asala meM jIva ke jaina darzana meM vahI guNa haiM jo AtmA ke liye vedAnta meM kahe gaye haiN| jo mUrta dravya arthAt pudgala hai vaha paramANuoM ke yoga se banA hai aura yaha sArI sRSTi hI paramANuoM kA samanvita rUpa hai| jIva va gudgala mukhya dravya hai kyoMki unhIM ke milana se yaha sRSTi meM jIvana dekhane meM AtA hai| AkAza vaha sthAna hai jisameM sRSTi ThaharI huI hai| jIva va pudgala meM gati kahA~ se AtI hai, isakA rahasya samajhAne ke liye dharma kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| dharma vaha avasthA hai jisameM jIva va pudgala ko gati milatI hai| dharma usako sambhava banAtA hai / isI prakAra calane vAlI cIja jaba ThaharanA cAhatI hai taba koI na koI AdhAra cAhie / sakriya dravya ke Thaharane ko saMbhava banAne vAlA guNa hI adharma hai| dharma va adharma ke guNa haiM jo vizva ko kramazaH gati-sthitizIla rakhate haiM aura use avyavasthA meM giraphtAra hone se bacAte haiM / kAla kI kalpanA isalie kI gaI hai ki jaina dharma saMsAra ko mAyA nahIM mAnatA, jaise zAMkara mata meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai| saMsAra satya hai aura isameM parivartana hote rahate haiN| isa parivartana kA AdhAra kAla hai / .
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________________ 276 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa ............................................................ jaina darzana ke chaH dravyoM meM se sirpha dharma va adharma hI aise haiM jinakA vaidika dharma graMthoM meM kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| bAkI jIva, pudgala, kAla va AkAza aise haiM jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM anyatra bhI Aye haiN| yaha bahuta kucha paMca tattvoM ke samAna haiM jinase vaidikoM ke anusAra sRSTi huI hai| vaidika jaise sthUla zarIra ke bhItara eka sUkSma zarIra kI satA meM vizvAsa karate haiM usI prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra bhI hamAre sthUla zarIra ke bhItara eka sUkSma karma-zarIra hai / sthUla zarIra ke chUTa jAne para bhI yaha karma-zarIra jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai aura vahI use phira anya zarIra dhAraNa karAtA hai| AtmA ko manovaijJAnika ceSTAoM-vAsanA, tRSNA, icchA Adi se isa karma-zarIra kI puSTi hotI hai| isalie karma-zarIra tanI chUTatA hai jara jIva vAsanAoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai, jaba usameM kisI prakAra kI icchA nahIM raha jaatii| jaina darzana meM mokSa kI vyavasthA yahI hai / isa prakAra uparokta darzana jaina dharma kI tattvamImAMsA (Metaphysics) hai| jaina darzana kA isase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa pahalU usakA kartavyazAstra (Ethics) hai| jIvana kA lakSya mokSa kI prApti hai; para usakA mArga hai / jaina darzana ke sAta tattva haiN| ve haiM-jIva, ajIva, 'Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / kucha ne isameM pApa va puNya jor3a kara 6 kara die haiN| jaina darzana Asrava ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karatA hai jisakA artha hai ki karma ke saMskAra kSaNa-kSaNa pravAhita ho rahe haiM, jinakA prabhAva jIva para par3a rahA hai| inhIM se jIva ajIva se baMdha jAtA hai| ataeva isa ko miTAne kA Aya yaha hai ki sAdhaka inase alipta rahane kA prayAsa kare / yaha prakriyA saMvara kahalAtI hai| kintu yaha bhI pAsa nahIM hai| AtmA ko pUjita saMskAra bhI ghere hue haiM / inase chUTane kI sAdhanA kA nAma nirjarA hai| jIvana naukA meM cheda hai jisase pAnI usameM bharatA jA rahA hai| ina chedoM ko banda karane kA nAma hI saMvara hai kintu nAva meM jo pAnI bharA huA hai usako ulIcane nAma nirjarA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA dvArA jisane apane ko saMskAroM athavA AsravoM se mukta kara diyA, vahI mokSa prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha mokSaprApti kA mArga hai| mokSa jIvana kA aMtima dhyeya hai / jisane mokSa prApti karalI vaha svayaM paramAtmA hai| jo AtmA siddha athavA mukta ho gayI vaha cAra guNoM se yukta hotI hai| yaha guNa haiM-anaMta darzana, anaMtajJAna, anaMtasukha aura anNtviiry| isa prakAra jaina darzana ne tatva mInAtA (Metaphysics) va kartavya-zAstra (Ethics) hI nahIM kiMvA tarkazAstra ko bhI eka adbhuta dena dI hai jo saMbhavata: tarka praNAlI meM sarvazreSTha hai| vaha hai-aokAntavAda va syAdvAda / yaha praNAlI satya kI khoja meM apUrva hai para sAtha hI ahiMsA ke vikAsa kA bhI carama bindu hai / ahiMsA kA Adarza Arambha se hI bhArata ke samakSa rahA thA kintu isakI carama siddhi isI anekAntavAda meM huI / vipakSI kI bAta bhI satya ho sakatI hai| satya ke aneka pahalU haiM / yaha bauddhika ahiMsA hI jaina tarka-praNAlI hai jo anekAntavAda hai| yahI Age jAkara sthAdvAda huI / isa siddhAnta ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai saMsAra ko Age calakara jahA~ pahu~canA hai, bhArata vahA~ pahale hI pahuMca cukA thA / saMsAra meM Aja jo khatare va azAnti hai, usakA kAraNa kyA hai ? mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki eka vAda ke mAnane vAle dUsare vAdoM ko mAnane vAloM ko ekadama galata samajhate haiN| sAmyavAdI samajhate haiM ki prajAtaMtrI ekadama galata haiM aura prajAtaMtra ke samarthakoM kI mAnyatA hai ki sArI galatI sAmyavAdiyoM kI hai| isI prakAra jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM jo kolAhala hai isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki loga virodhiyoM ke prati atyanta asahiSNu ho gaye haiM phira bhI satya yaha hai ki koI bhI mata na to solaha Ane satya hai aura na solaha Ane Ane asatya hai| isaliye A~kha mUMdakara kisI ke mata ko khaNDita karanA-jaina siddhAntoM ke anusAra, jisako vaha anekAntavAda kahate haiM, eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai, ghora mithyAtva hai| samanvaya, sahaastitva aura sahiSNutA-ye eka hI tattva ke aneka nAma haiN| isI tattva ko jaina darzana zArIrika dharAtala para ahiMsA aura mAnasika dharAtala para anekAntavAda kahatA hai / -
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________________ jaina dharma ke mUla tattva : eka paricaya 277 . -. -. - . -. -. -. -. - . -. -. - . -. - . - . -. - . -. - . - . - . -. -. -. -. - . -. -. -. anekAntavAda kA dArzanika AdhAra yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu anaMta guNa-paryAya va dharmoM kA akhaNDa piNDa hai| vastu ko hama jisa dRSTikoNa se dekha rahe haiM, vastu utanI hI nahIM hai| usameM anaMta dRSTikoNoM se dekhe jAne kI kSamatA hai| usakA virATa svarUpa anaMtadharmAtmaka hai| tumheM jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAluma hotA hai usa para ImAnadArI se vicAra karo to usakA viSayamUla dharma bhI vidyamAna hai, citta se pakSapAta kI durabhisaMdhi nikAlo aura dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ke viSaya ko bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka khojo, vaha bhI maujUda hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika AinsTIna kA sApekSavAda isI kA vaijJAnika rUpa hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki anekAntavAda kI khoja bhArata kI nyAya praNAlI kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra isako jitanA apanAyegA, vizva meM zAnti bhI utanI hI zIvra sthApita hogii| syAdvAda bhI lagabhaga yahI hai| jaina dharma kA triratna (samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra) dharmAcaraNa kI jIvana paddhati hai| gItA meM kRSNa ne isako jJAna, karma va bhakti kahA hai| triratna meM pahalA sthAna samyakdarzana kA hai jisake pAlana ke lie Avazyaka hai manuSya tIna prakAra kI mUr3hatAoM va ATha prakAra ke ahaMkAroM kA visarjana kare / yaha tIna mUr3hatAe~ haiM(1) lokamUr3hatA; (2) devamUr3hatA va (3) paakhnnddmuuddh'taa| nadiyoM meM snAna karane se puNya hotA hai, yaha lokamUr3hatA kA udAharaNa hai| rAgI-dveSI devatAoM ko vItarAga mAnanA devamUr3hatA hai aura sAdhu phakIroM ke camatkAroM meM vizvAsa karanA pAkhaNDamUr3hatA hai| jaina dharma meM yaha sabhI andhavizvAsa tyAjya haiN| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki vizva ke prathama buddhivAdI (Rationalist) bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM / grIka dArzanika unase 200 varSa bAda meM hai| yaha na kevala jaina dharma kintu bhArata ke lie bhI gaurava kI bAta hai| isI prakAra mumukSu ko 8 prakAra ke ahaMkAroM ko chor3anA anivArya hai| (1) apanI buddhi kA ahaMkAra; (2) apanI dhArmikatA kA ahaMkAra; (3) apane vaMza kA ahaMkAra; (4) apanI jAti kA ahaMkAra ; (5) apane zarIra va manobala kA ahaMkAra; (6) camatkAra dikhAne vAlI zaktiyoM kA ahaMkAra; (7) apane yoga va tapasyA kA ahaMkAra; (8) apane rUpa va saundarya kA ahaMkAra / itanI taiyArI ho lene para hI sAdhaka ko samyakjJAna va samyakcAritra prApta hotA hai| ina triratna ke sAtha 5 (pA~ca) aNuvrata va mahAvrata bhI jaina dharma ke AdhAra stambha hai / yaha hai-(1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) asteya (4) brahmacarya, (5) aparigraha / yaha aNuvrata gRhastha ke liye anivArya haiM kintu inakA kaThoratA se pAlana karanA mahAvrata hai jo zramaNoM ke liye hai| jaina dharma meM manuSya ke vikAsa ke 14 guNasthAnoM kA bhI varNana hai jo jIvana vikAsa kI prakriyA hai| manuSya jJAna va cAritra meM vikAsa karate-karate jaba 13veM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai taba usako kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai aura phira mokSa prApti ho jAtI hai, vaha AvAgamana ke cakra se chUTa jAtA hai| isI prakAra jIvana ko malIna karane vAle kaSAyoM kA bhI varNana hai jina para vijaya prApta karanA jarUrI hai| Upara jo kucha itihAsa likhA gayA hai vaha jaina dharma ke dArzanika va vyAvahArika pahalU para hI likhA gayA hai kintu thor3A-sA aitihAsika pahalU va usake yogadAna para bhI likhanA samIcIna hogaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki jaina pantha kA mUla una prAcIna paramparAoM meM rahA hogA jo AryoM ke Agamana se pahale yahA~ pracalita thIM para ise na mAnakara, AryoM ke Ane ke bAda hI jaina paramparA mAneM to bhI RSabhadeva va ariSTanemi ko lekara jaina paramparA vedoM taka pahuMcatI hai| mahAbhArata yuddha ke samaya isa sampradAya ke netA neminAtha the jinheM jaina apanA 22vA~ tIrthakara mAnate haiM / IsavI pUrva 8vIM sadI meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha hue jinakA janma kAzI meM huA thaa| jaina dharma kA pahalA zramaNa saMgaThana pArzvanAtha ne kiyaa| ye zramaNa vaidika prathA ke viruddha the aura mahAvIra va buddha ke kAla meM jaina va bauddha hokara ina do dharmoM meM vilIna ho gye| jaina dharma ke antima tIrthakara mahAvIra vardhamAna hue, jinakA janma IsavI pUrva 566 meM huA thaa| ve 72 varSa kI avasthA meM mukta hue| mahAvIra ne nirvANa ke pahale jaina dharma ko paripuSTa kara diyaa| jaba sikandara bhArata AyA thA taba use jaina sAdhu sindhu ke taTa para tapasyArata mile the| itihAsavetAoM kI mAnyatA hai ki candragupta maurya mRtyu se pahale jaina ho gayA thaa|
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________________ 0 278 va IsA kI pahalI sadI meM Akara jaina dharma do sampradAyoM meM baMTa gayA-digambara zvetAmbara 11vIM sadI meM cAlukya vaMza ke gujarAta ke rAjA siddharAja va usake putra kumArapAla ne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kara rAjadharmaM banA diyA aura usakA vyApaka pracAra kiyaa| prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ke mahAvidvAna tathA aneka saMskRta granthoM ke racayitA AcArya hemacandra sUri inake samakAlIna the| rAjasthAna ke sabhI rAjyoM ne karIba 1400 varSa taka jaina dharma ko Azraya va prazraya diyA / cittaur3a meM kaI jaina vidvAna hue jinameM AcArya haribhadra sUri pramukha bhI the| mugala samrAT akabara ne bhI jaina vidvAnoM kA Adara kiyA va upadeza sune / phira jIvahiMsA rokane ko pharamAna bhI nikAle / karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa 16vIM sadI meM Akara jaina dharma meM mUrti pUjA ke viruddha eka sampradAya aura bar3A huA jo sAdhumArgI kahalAtA hai / 18vIM sadI meM terApantha sampradAya isI meM se nikalA / isa deza kI bhASAgata unnati meM jaina AcArya sahAyaka rahe haiM / brAhmaNa apane dharma grantha saMskRta meM likhate the aura bauddha pAli meM, para jaina muniyoM ne prAkRta ke aneka rUpoM kA upayoga kiyA aura pratyeka kAla va kSetra meM jo bhASA cAlU thI usakA upayoga kiyaa| isa prakAra Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM jaina muniyoM kA anupama yogadAna hai| eka taraha se kaha sakate haiM ki Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA Adi sAhitya adhikatara jaina muniyoM dvArA likhA gayA hai| kevala yahI nahIM, saMskRta meM bhI vyAkaraNa, chanda zAstra, kopa aura gaNita sambandhI janAcAyoM ke grantha milate haiN| Aja bhI jaina gRhastha dAna dekara kaI sArvajanika saMsthAe~ khar3I kara rahe hai aura jaina muniyoM kA Aja bhI jana sevA va sAhitya sevA meM anupama yogadAna hai| XXXXXX XX sunizcitaM naH paratantrayuktisu, sphuranti yA kAzcana sUktisampadaH / tavaiva tA: jagatpramANaM pUrvamahArNavatthitA jinavAkyavizrvaH || AcArya siddhasena jahA~-jahA~ jo bhI sUkti sampadAe~ sphurita ho rahI haiM, ve saba niHsandeha Apake hI pUrva-pravacana-samudra se uchalatI huI baMde haiN| X> XXXXXX .