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________________ jainadharma kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM yogadAna jaina dharma apane vicAra aura jIvana saMbaMdhI vyavasthAoM ke vikAsa meM kabhI kisI saMkucita dRSTi kA zikAra nahIM banA, usakI bhUmikA rASTrIya dRSTi se sadaiva udAra aura udAtta rahI / samasta bhArata deza Aja kI rAjanaitika dRSTimAtra se hI nahIM. kintu apanI prAcInatama dhArmika paramparAnusAra bhI jainiyoM ke liye eka ikAI aura zraddhA bhakti kA bhAjana banA hai / jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se usa samaya kI subodha vANI ardhamAgadhI kA upayoga kiyA tathA unake gaNadharoM ne bhI usI bhASA meM unake upadezoM ko saMkalana kiyA / jaina AcArya jahA~-jahA~ gaye vahAM-vahAM unhoMne unhIM pradezoM meM pracalita loka bhASA ko apanI sAhitya racanA kA mAdhyama bnaayaa| hindI gujarAtI Adi Adhunika bhASAoM kA prAcInatama sAhitya jainiyoM kA hI milatA hai / dakSiNa meM tAmila aura kannaDa bhASAoM ko prAcIna kAla meM sAhitya meM utArane kA zreya jainiyoM ko hI diyA jA sakatA hai| jainiyoM ne kabhI bhI kisI eka prAntIya bhASA kA pakSapAta nahIM kiyA sadaiva deza bhara kI bhASAoM ko samAna AdarabhAva se apanAyA hai aura isa bAta ke liye unakA vizAla sAhitya sAkSI hai / rAma aura lakSmaNa tathA kRSNa aura baladeva ke prati janatA kA pUjyabhAva rahA hai aura unheM avatAra puruSa mAnA gayA hai| jainiyoM ne tIrthakaroM ke sAtha-sAtha inheM bhI tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM meM AdaraNIya sthAna dekara apane purANoM meM vistAra se unake jIvana caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| jaina purANoM meM uccatA aura sammAna kA sthAna dekara rAvaNa va jarAsaMgha jaise anArya rAjAoM kI bhAvanAoM ko Thesa nahIM pahu~cane dI / rAvaNa ko dazamukhIM rAkSasana mAnakara use vidyAdharavaMzo mAnA hai jisake svAbhAvika eka mukha ke atirikta gale meM hAra kI nau maNiyoM meM mukha kA pratibimba par3ane se loga use vI. ni. saM. 2503 bAlacanda koThArI dazAnana bhI kahate the / jaina purANoM meM hanumAna, sugrIva Adi ko baMdara nahIM kintu vidyAdharavaMzI rAjA mAnA gayA hai jinakA dhvajacihna bAnara thA / jaina darzana jIva aura ajIva rUpa se donoM tatvoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, usameM chaha dravyoM ko mAnA hai / dravya vaha hai jisameM sattAguNa hai aura sattA vimuNAtmaka hai| utpAdana vya aura dhauvya tIna guNa haiM / saMsAra meM caitanya guNayukta Atmatatva bhI hai aura caitanyahIna mUrtimAna bhautika padArtha tathA amUrtika kAla AkAzAdi tatva bhI / ye sabhI dravya guNa paryAyAtmaka haiN| apanI guNAtmaka avasthA ke kAraNa unameM dhruvatA hai tathA paryAyAtmaka ke kAraNa unameM utpatti vinAzarUpa avasthAeM bhI vidyamAna haiM / jaina dharma ke isa dArzanika tatvajJAna meM hI usakI vyApaka dRSTi pAI jAtI hai aura isI vyApaka dRSTi se vastu vicAra ke lie jaina dharma ne apanA syAdvAda anekAMta rUpa nyAya sthApita kiyA hai / isI uddezya se jaina AcAryoM ne deza kAla, tathA dravya aura bhAva ke anusAra bhI vastu vaicitrya kA vicAra karane para jora diyA hai / jabaki hamArA deza vaiyaktika vyavahAra meM hI nahIM kintu rASTrIya antararASTrIya nIti ke nirdhAraNa meM bhI ahiMsA tatva ko maulika rUpa se svIkAra kara cukA hai| taba jaina dharma kA ahasA siddhAMta aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa siddha hotA hai aura usake sUkSma adhyayana aura vicAra kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai / isI samanvayAtmaka anekAMta siddhAMta ke AdhAra para Aja se lagabhaga Der3ha hajAra varSa pUrva huve samantabhadrAcArya ne apane yutyanuzAsana nAmaka grantha meM mahAvIra ke jaina zAsana ko saba ApadAoM kA nivAraka zAzvata sarvodaya tIrtha kahA hai / 97
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________________ sarvApadAm aMtakaram niraMtam sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva / / (yuktayanuzAsana zloka 61) jina AMtarika guNoM ke bala para jaina dharma gata tIna cAra hajAra varSoM se isa deza ke jana jIvana meM vyApta hai vaha hai jaina dharma kI AdhyAtmika bhUmikA, naitika vinyAsa evaM vyAvahArika upayogitA aura saMtulana / yahA~ prakRti ke jar3a aura cetana tatvoM kI sattA ko svIkAra kara cetana ko jar3a se Upara uThAne aura paramAtmapada prApta karAne kI kalA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / vizva ke anAdi ananta pravAha meM jar3a cetana rUpa dravyoM ke nAnA rUpoM aura guNoM ke vikAsa ke liye kisI eka Izvara kI icchA va adhInatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA / jina ajIva tatvoM ke pariNAmI nityatva guNa ke dvArA hI samasta vikAra aura vikAsa ke marma ko samajhane aura samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA sattA svayaM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai aura aisI sattA rakhane vAle samasta dravya guNaparyAya yukta haiN| inhIM maulika siddhAMtoM meM jaina darzana samasta padArthoM ke nityAnityasvarUpa antanihita hai| isa jAnakArI ke abhAva meM prANI bhrAnta, bhaTakate aura baMdhana meM par3e rahate haiN| isa tathya kI ora saccI dRSTi aura usakA saccA jJAna evaM tadanusAra AcaraNa ho jAne para koI pUrNa svAtantrya va baMdhana mukti rUpa mokSa kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai / yahI jaina darzanAnusAra jIvana kA sarvocca dhyeya aura lakSya hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se virodha meM sAmaMjasya, kalaha meM zAMti va jIvana ke prati AtmIyatA kA bhAva utpanna honA hI darzana, jJAna aura cAritra hai| jisakI AnuSaMgika sAdhanAeM haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraharUpa niyama tathA kSamA, mRdutA Adi guNa / nAnA prakAra ke vratoM aura upavAsoM, bhAvanAoM aura tapasyAoM, dhyAnoM aura yogoM kA uddezya yahI vizvajanIna AtmavRtti prApta karanA hai| samatva kA bodha aura abhyAsa karanA hI anekAMta va syAdvAda jaise siddhAMtoM kA sAdhya hai| jIvana meM isa vRtti ko sthApita karane ke liye tIrthaMkaroM aura AcAryoM ne jo upadeza diyA vaha sahasroM jaina graMthoM meM graMthita hai| ye graMtha nAnA pradezoM aura bhinna-bhinna yugoM kI vividha bhASAoM meM likhe gye| __ ardha-mAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI aura apabhraMza prAkRtoM evaM saMskRta meM jaina dharma kA vipula sAhitya upalabdha hai - jo apane bhASA, viSaya zailI, va sajAvaTa ke guNoM dvArA apanI vizeSatA rakhatA hai / Adhunika loka bhASAoM va unakI sAhityika vidhAoM ke vikAsa aura samajhane ke liye yaha sAhitya advitIya, mahatvapUrNa hai| ___sAhitya ke atirikta guphAoM, stUpoM, maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM tathA citroM Adi lalitakalA kI nirmitiyoM dvArA bhI dharma ne na kevala loka kA AdhyAtmika va naitika stara uThAne kA prayatna kiyA hai kintu samasta deza ke bhinna bhAgoM ke saundarya se sajAyA hai / inake darzana se hRdaya vizuddha aura Ananda vibhora ho jAtA hai / zravaNabelagolA, kArakala, mUDabidrI vagairaha gAMva meM jo jaina maMdiroM meM bhavya mUrtiyAM virAjamAna kI haiM, rAjasthAna meM AbU pahAr3a para dilavArA jaina maMdira banavAye haiM aura rANakapura meM jo bhavya maMdira bane haiM / ve kisI bhI deza ke liye bar3e Adara sthAna haiM / maMdira, mUrtiyA~ aura citroM dvArA jo paurANika dRzya batalAyA gayA hai aura hastalikhita pratiyoM kA jo saMgraha jainiyoM ne kiyA hai,ina tamAma kRtiyoM se jaina dharma ne sthApatya zAstra se gaurava prApta kiyA thA aura unase bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna huA hai, isakA ptA calatA hai| rASTrakaTa rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla meM zrI vIrasena, zrI jinasena aura zrI guNabhadra Adi AcAryoM ne jo sAmadAyika sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai vaha ucca prakAra kA sAhitya hai| zrI vIrasenAcArya aura zrI jinasenAcArya ne jo sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai usase pAyA jAtA hai ki unhoMne sAhitya kI nirmiti meM khuda ko samarpita kiyA thaa| ve saMyamI the, sirpha eka vakta hI alpAhAra karate the / ina AcAryoM ke atirikta paMDita AzAdharajI, paMDita puSpadaMta vagairaha mahAvidvAna evaM gRhasthAzramI the to bhI dakSiNa aura uttara bhArata meM prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM ati mahatva kA sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai| zrI jinasenAcArya ne pArvAbhyudaya grantha likhA hai, aura kAlidAsa jaise vikhyAta kavi ne meghadUta likhA thA usake samAna zrI pArvAbhyudaya yaha kAvya hai| pArvAbhyudaya meM tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara kA jIvana caritra aura unake vairI kA, zrI pArzvanAtha kara se zatrutva kA varNana kiyA hai / yaha pArvAbhyudaya kAvya kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kAvya ke zlokoM kA AdhAra lekara khaNDa kAvya kI racanA hai / yaha asAmAnya vidvattA kA lakSaNa hai / zrI jinasenAcArya ke guru vIrasena ne jayadhavala grantha para TIkA likhanA zurU kiyA thA, vaha unake jIvana kAla meM pUrNa nahIM ho skii| isa TIkA ko zrI jinasenAcArya ne pUrNa kiyA aura unhoMne mahApurANa bhI likhA hai paMpa, ponna, auraNNa ye tInoM mahAkavi kannaDa sAhitya meM ratnatraya kahalAte haiM / ye tInoM kannar3a kavi saMskRta bhASA meM bhI atinipuNa the| ina kaviyoM ne ucca darje kA kannar3a sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai| zrI jinasenAcArya ne mahApurANa meM jaina logoM ke sAmAjika jIvana kA varNana kiyA hai aura saMskRta bhASA meM jo Adarza grantha haiM usI namUne para yaha mahApurANa kannar3a bhASA meM likhA hai| zrI samantabhadrAcArya, zrI siddhasenAcArya aura zrI vidyAnaMdI AcArya ye suprasiddha tAkika aura nyAyazAstra nipuNa the, unhoMke likhe huve nyAyazAstra meM unake kAla meM jo kucha mata praNAliyAM thIM unakA digdarzana kiyA hai| ina AcAryoM ne dakSiNa bhArata meM kannar3a sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai vaha atimahatva kA hai| jaina granthoM meM ahiMsA siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa a-yanta samaparka tarIke se kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana gRha thAzramI arthAt saMsArI jIvoM ko pAlane ke saMbaMdha meM maryAdA batalAI gaI 98 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational
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________________ haiN| muni aura tyAgiyoM ke liye ahiMsA dharma mahAvrata ke taura para pAlana karanA cAhiye / hiMsA ke sthUla rUpa se cAra prakAra batalAye gaye haiN| . ArambhI, udyamI, virodhI aura saMkalpI aisI cAra taraha kI hiMsA hotI hai| gRhasthAzramI ko sirpha saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga batalAyA gayA hai / paMcasUtA aura kRSi vANijyAdi rUpa AraMbha kAryoM meM to kisI vyakti vizeSa ke prANaghAta kA koI saMkalpa hI nahIM hotA, virodhI hiMsA apane prANa, dhana, janapratiSThA tathA zIlAdi kI rakSA ke liye jo karanI par3e vaha bhI gRhasthAzramI ko anivArya hai| udyamI hiMsA khetI, vyApAra, kArakhAnA aura kalA-kauzalAdi dhaMdhA karane meM jo hiMsA saMkalpa na rahate hae hotI hai vaha svecchA se na hone ke kAraNa gRhasthAzramI ko anivArya hai / dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa dekhane se pAyA jAtA hai ki dhArmika zrAvakoM ne bhI dezarakSA va dharma saMrakSaNa ke liye yuddha kiye the / isI taraha gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM bhI jainiyoM ne yuddha kiyA thA isakA itihAsa milatA hai| prANimAtra ke liye dayAbhAva rakhanA, ahiMsA pAlana karanA yaha parama tatva hai / hamArA caritra dhyeya ke anusAra honA cAhiye aura jo dhyeya hamArA hotA hai usI ke anusAra hamArA caritra rahanA cAhiye / hamAre naitika jIvana kA adhaHpatana hone se jAti aura samAja kI pratiSThA kama hotI hai / agara hamAre dhyeya meM anizcitatA hai hamAre naitika dhyeya meM nizcitatA nahIM hai to kisI jAti, samAja aura rASTra ke liye svAbhimAna se jindagI bitAne kI koI ummIda nahIM hai| hamAre mana, vacana, kAya ke vicAra, uccAra aura kRti meM ahiMsA bhAva honA caahiye| agara hamArI dhyeyaniSThA aura naitika stara meM taphAvata ho to jAti, samAja aura rASTra ke abhyudaya ke liye hama koI ummIda nahIM rakha sakate / dhyeya meM niSThA rakhane vAle thor3e hI loga kyoM na hoM ve AdaraNIya haiM / liye karate haiM aura arihaMta bhagavAna se hamArI koI apekSA nahIM hai| jaina dharma meM jo nirUpaNa hai usake anusAra hara jIva kI jo kriyAyeM yA kRtiyA~ hotI haiM usake kAraNa karma kA Asrava, baMdha aura nirjarAdi svayaM calita anAdi hai| hara jIva apane vicAra, uccAra (vacana) aura kRtiyoM kA jimmedAra hai / hara jIva kI kriyAyeM zubha yA azubha huA karatI haiN| karma anAdinidhana hai yahI to jaina dharma kA vaiziSTya hai, svayaM kI preraNA se kucha niyamAnusAra jIva calatA hai aise jIva alpasaMkhyaka hI rahate haiM / jainiyoM ko apane dharma ke anusAra calanA cAhiye jisake kAraNa vaha AdaraNIya, zuddha aura Adarza jIvana bitA sakatA hai-dharma ke anusAra calane se hamArI sad-asad viveka buddhi jAgRta rahatI hai| hama sadguNI banate haiM / jisake kAraNa mAnasika santuSTatA aura AdhyAtmika samatAbhAva hamako prApta hotA hai| jaina dharma ne tIna mahAna tatvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai-ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha vRtti ye hI tIna tatva haiM / ahiMsA kA artha kisI jIva para julma yA anyAya nahIM karanA hai, anekAMta tatva ke anusAra satya aneka vidha prakAra kA hai| dUsaroM kI kyA matapraNAlI hai isako samajhane ke liye dharma-sahiSNutA kI jarUrata hai| ahiMsA dharmAcaraNa yaha sAmAjika dhyeya hai aura anekAMta yaha tatva bauddhika kSetra kA dhyeya hai| jainadharmI loga jisa samaya ke ghaTaka haiM unako apane parigraha kA, apane svAmitva kA, sthAvara jaMgama isTeTa kA, dhana-dhAnyAdi ke upayoga kA pramANa karanA cAhiye / apane anAvazyaka jarUrIyAta ke anusAra hI sthAvara jaMgama isTeTa para kabjA karanA cAhiye / kucha daza prakAra ke parigraha, kSetra, vAstu, dhanadhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada, zayanAsana, pAna, sarva prakAra ke vastra aura saba prakAra kI dhAtu ke bartana haiM-ina saba parigrahoM kA apanI zakti, paristhiti aura AvazyakatAoM ke anusAra pramANa karanA yaha parimita parigraha kahalAtA hai / isa pramANa se jo parigraha jyAdA hai usako cartuvidhadAna meM kharca karanA hara jainI kA kartavya hai, svayaM hI isa vrata ko svIkAra karane se yaha samAjavAda, sAmAjika samatA ko kAyama rakhatA hai| "jIo aura dUsare jIvoM ko jIne do" yaha ahiMsA ke pAlana kA tarIkA hai| jaba hama dUsaroM ke mata se sahamata nahIM rahate, aisI avasthA meM dubhinna matavAloM ke vicAroM ko hameM sahAnubhUti pUrvaka sunanA cAhiye / jainiyoM kI yaha sarvadharma sahiSNutA hai| jaina dharma kI vividha aura vipula upAdhiyoM ko jAne samajhe binA bhAratIya saMskRti kA jJAna paripUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaina dharma ne varNa, jAti, rUpa, samAja vibhAjana ko kabhI mahatva nahIM diyaa| yaha bAta rASTrIya dRSTi se dhyAna dene yogya hai| Aja kI IrSyA aura saMgharSa kI Aga se dagdha saMsAra ko jIva mAtra ke kalyANa aura utkarSa kI bhAvanAoM se otaprota isa upadezAmRta kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai / jaina muni tyAgI ahiMsA aura aparigrahI vRtti ke hote haiM / samAja ke liye ve AdhAra stambha haiM / jaina maMdira, jaina muni aura zAstra ye jaina dharma aura ahiMsA tatva meM niSThA kAyama rakhane ke liye samAja meM atyAvazyaka haiN| jaina loga jinako Izvara mAnate haiM ve jina bhagavAna vItarAgI aura nispRhI hote hai / aise Izvara hamako kyA de sakate haiM ? jaina dharmAvalaMbI jo pUjana karate haiM usakA uddezya siddha avasthA prApta karanA hotA hai / siddhAvasthA hI jIvana kI sarvotkRSTa avasthA hai aura siddha paramAtmA hI Izvara hai| siddhabhagavAna isa sRSTi kA nirmANa nahIM karate haiM aura saMsAra se unako koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / ve na kisI para meharabAna hote haiM aura na kisI ko sajA dete haiM, siddhAvasthA AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA hai| siddha paramAtmA anaMta darzana, anantajJAna, aMnata vIrya, aura anaMta sukha ke dhAraka haiM / hara AtmA meM ye zaktiyA~ haiM, hama prArthanA, pUjana aura bhakti jo arihaMta bhagavAna ke sAmane karate haiM hamArI ina supta zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke vI. ni. saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational