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________________ jainadharma sarvodayatIrtha hai 82363 38800388% * DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' 888888800300308388% dharma aura usakI AvazyakatA kyoM? - dharma jIvana hai aura jIvana dharma hai| jIvana pavitratA kA pratIka hai| usakI pavitratA saMsAra ke rAga-raMgoM se dUSita ho gaI hai| isaliye usa dUSaNa ko dUra karane ke lie tathA jIvana ko sukhI aura samRddha banAne ke lie dharma kA avalambana liyA jAtA hai| yaha avalambana sAdhana hai| sAdhya aura sAdhana kI pavitratA dharma kI antazcetanA hai| antazcetanA viveka kA jAgaraNa karatI hai aura jAgaraNa se vyakti naI sAMsa letA hai| naI pratidhvani se usakA hRdaya gUMja uThatA hai| gaMbhIratA, udAratA, dayAlutA, saralatA, nirahaMkAritA Adi jaise mAnavIya guNa usameM svataH sphurita hone lagate haiN| jIvana amRta-saritA meM DubakI lene lagatA hai| deza, kAla, sthAna Adi kI sImAeM samApta ho jAtI hai aura vizvabandhutva tathA sarvodaya kI bhAvanA kA udaya ho jAtA hai| mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ho jAtI hai| jainadharma isa dRSTi se vastutaH jIvanadharma hai| mAnava dharma hai| vaha jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se jInA sikhAtA hai, jAta-pAMta ke bhedabhAva ke Upara uThakara apane sahaja svabhAva ko pahicAna karane kA mUlamantra detA hai, zramazIlatA kA AvhAnakara puruSArtha ko jAgrata karatA hai, vivAda ke gheroM meM na par3akara sIdhA-sAdA mArga dikhAtA hai, saMkucita aura patita AtmA ko Upara uThAkara vizAlatA kI ora le jAtA hai, sadvRttiyoM ke vikAsa se cetanA kA vikAsa karatA hai, aura AtmA ko pavitra, niSkalaMka va unnata banAtA hai| yahI usakI .. vizeSatA hai yahI jainadharma hai aura yahI sarvodayatIrtha hai| kaTagharoM ko taiyAra karanevAlA dharma, dharma nahIM ho sktaa| bhedabhAva kI kaThora dIvAla khar3Ikara kheta ugAne kI bAta karanevAlA saMkIrNatA ke viSa se vAdhita ho jAtA hai, turanta phala kA lobha dikhAkara janamAnasa ko zaMkita aura udvigna kara detA hai. dasaroM ko daHkhI banAkara apane kSaNika sakha kI kalpanAkara AlhAdita hotA hai, visaMgatiyoM ke bIja bokara samAja ke garta meM Dhakela detA hai, bikharAva khar3Akara sAmpradAyikatA kI bhISaNa Aga jalA detA hai aura sArI sAmAjika vyavasthA ko cakanAcUra kara nayA bakher3A zurU kara detA hai| ina kAle kAranAmoM se dharma kI AtmA samApta ho jAtI hai| dharma kA maulika svarUpa naSTa-bhraSTa ho jAtA hai aura baca jAtA hai usakA mAtra kaMkAla jo kisI kAma kA nahIM rhtaa| jainadharma vyakti aura samAja ko dharma kI isa kaMkAla mAtratA se Upara uThAkara hI bAta karatA hai| usakA mukhya uddezya jIvana ke yathArtha svarUpa ko udghATita kara nUtana patha kA nirmANa karanA rahA hai| vahIM dhAraNa karanevAlA tatva hai jisakA astitva dharma ke astitva se jur3A hai aura jisake dUra jAne se mAnavatA kA sUtra bhI kaTa jAtA hai| mAnava-mAnava ke bIca kaTAva ke tatvoM ko samApta kara sarvodaya ke mArga ko prazasta karanA dharma kI mUla bhAvanA hai| vyakti aura samAja ke utthAna kI bhUmikA meM dharma nIMva kA patthara hotA hai| (197)
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________________ zramaNa saMskRti aura sarvodaya darzana jainadharma zramaNa saMskRti kI AdhArazilA hai| ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAntavAda aura ekAtmakatA usake vizAla stambha haiM jina para usakA bhavya prAsAda khar3A huA hai / samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa usake sopAna hai jisake mAdhyama se bhavyaprAsAda ke Upara taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / sarvodaya usakI laharAtI sundara dhvajA hai jise loga dUra se hI dekhakara usakI mAnavIya vizeSatA ko samajha lete haiM / samatA isa dhvajA kA merUdaNDa hai jisapara vaha avalambita hai aura vItarAgatA usa prAsAda kI ramaNIkatA hai jise usakI AtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kI ye mUlabhUta vizeSatAeM sarvodaya darzana meM AsAnI se dekhI jA sakatI hai| sarvodaya darzana prastutaH Adhunika cetanA kI dena nahIM / use yathArtha meM mahAvIra ne prastuta kiyA thaa| unhoMne sAmAjika kSetra kI viSamatA ko dekhakara krAnti ke tIna sUtra diye - 1. samatA, 2. zamatA, 3. zramazIlatA / samatA kA tAtparya hai sabhI vyakti samAna haiN| janma se na to koI brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya hai, na vaizya hai, na zUdra hai| manuSya to jAti nAmakarma ke udaya se eka hI hai / AjIvikA aura karma ke bheda se avazya use cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - manuSyajAtirekai na jaatikrmeNdyaadbhv| vRttibhedAhitadbhedAccaturvidhyabhihAznute // -jinasenAcArya, AdipurANa, zamatA karmoM ke samUla vinAza se saMbaddha hai| isa avasthA ko nirvANa kahA jAtA hai| vaidika saMskRti kA mUlarUpa svarga taka hI sImita thA / usameM nirvANa kA koI sthAna hI nahIM thA / jainadharma ke prabhAva se upaniSadkAla meM usameM nirvANa kI kalpanA ne janma liyaa| jainadharma ke anusAra nirvANa ke daravAje sabhI ke lie khule hue haiN| vahA~ pahuMcane ke lie kisI varga vizeSa meM janma lenA Avazyaka nahIM / Avazyaka hai, uttama prakAra kA cAritra aura vizuddha jIvana / zramazIlatA zramaNa saMskRti kI tIsarI vizeSatA hai| isakA tAtparya hai vyakti kA vikAsa usake svayaM ke puruSArtha para nirbhara karatA hai, Izvara Adi kI kRpA para nahIM / vaidika saMskRti meM svayaM kA purUSArtha hone ke bAvajUda usa para Izvara kA adhikAra hai| Izvara kI kRpA se hI vyakti svarga aura naraka jA sakatA hai| jaina saMskRti meM isa prakAra ke Izvara kA koI sthAna nahIM / vaha jo kucha bhI karma karatA hai usI kA bIca Izvara jaise dalAla kA koI sthAna saMrakSaNa karane aura vinAza karane meM usI phala usI ko svataH mila jAtA hai| karama ke kartA aura bhoktA ke nahIM / Izvara yadi hama Apa jaisA dalAla hogA aura sRSTi ke racane kI marjI hogI to Izvara meM aura hama Apa jaise saMsArI jIvoM ke bIca bhedaka- rekhA hI kyA rahegI? hA~, jainadharma meM dAna-pUjA bhakti bhAva kA mahatva nizcita hI hai| ina satkarmoM ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka apane nirvANa kI prApti kA mArga prazasta avazya kara letA hai| isameM tIrthaMkara mAtra mArgadRSTA hai, pradIpa ke samAna, vaha nirvANadAtA nhiiN| isaliye vyakti ke svayaM kA puruSArtha hI usake lie saba kucha ho jAtA hai| Izvara kI kRpA se usakA koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| parAzraya se vikAsa avarUddha ho jAtA hai / baisAkhI kA sahArA svayaM kA sahArA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ataH jainadharma meM vyakti kA karma aura usakA puruSArtha hI pramukha hai| (118)
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________________ sarvodayadarzana Adhunika kAla meM gA~dhIyuga kA pradeya mAnA jAtA hai| gA~dhIjI ne raskina kI pustaka "ana TU dI lAsTa' kA anuvAda sarvodaya zIrSaka se kiyA aura tabhI se usakI lokapriyatA meM bAr3ha aayii| yahA~ sarvodayavAda kA tAtparya hai pratyeka vyakti ko laukika jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie samAna avasara pradAna kiyA jaanaa| isameM puruSArtha kA mahatva tathA sabhI ke utkarSa ke sAtha svayaM ke utkarSa kA saMbaMdha bhI jur3A rahatA hai| gA~dhI jI ke isa siddhAMta ko vinobAjI ne kucha aura viziSTa prakriyA dekara kAryakSetra meM utAra diyaa| sarvodaya kA pracAra yahIM se huA hai| vaise itihAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye to sarvodaya zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga jaina sAhitya meM huA hai| prasiddha jaina tArkika AcArya samantabhadra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti "yuktyanuzAsana' meM isa prakAra kI hai - sarvAntavattadgaNamukhyakalpaM sarvAntazUnyaM ca mirthaa'nrpkssm| sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodaya tIrthabhidaM tvaiv|| yahA~ sarvodaya zabda dRSTavya hai| sarvodaya kA tAtparya hai sabhI kI bhlaaii| mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM sabhI kI bhalAI santihita hai| usameM parizrama aura samAna avasara kA bhI lAbha pratyeka vyakti ke liye surakSita hai| rAga, dveSa, IrSyA Adi bhAva saMpatti kA aparimita saMgraha, dUsare kI dRSTi ko binA samajhe hI nirAdara kara saMgharSa ko mola lenA tathA rASTrIyatA kA abhAva ye cAra pramukha tatva vyakti ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka hote haiN| sabhI kA vikAsa 1. ahiMsA, 2. aparigraha, 3. anekAntavAda aura 4. ekAtmatA para vizeSa AdhArita hai| ataH jainadharma ke ina sarvodayI sUtroM para saMkSipta vivecana apekSita hai| ahiMsA - ahiMsA sarvodaya kI mUla bhAvanA hai| vaha aparigraha kI bhUmikA ko majabUta karatI hai ahiMsA samatva para pratiSThita hai| maitrI, pramAda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasthA bhAvoM kA anuvartana, samatA aura aparigraha kA anucintana, tapa aura anekAnta kA anugrahaNa tathA saMyama aura saccaritra kA anusAdhana ahiMsA kA pramukha rUpa hai| usakI punIta prApti samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyavacAritra para avalaMbita hai| isI caritra ko dharma kahA gayA hai| yahI dharma sama hai| yaha samatva rAga-dveSAdika vikAroM ke vinaSTa hone para utpanna hone vAlA vizuddha AtmA kA pariNAma hai| dharma se pariNata AtmA ko hI sama kahA gayA hai| dharma kI pariNati nirvANa hai| AcArya kundakunda kA yahI ciMtana hai - saMpajjadi NibvANaM devaasurmnnuyraayvihvehi| jIvassa carintAdo dNsnnnnaannpphaannaaNdo| cAsti khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samo ti nniddittttho| mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmoM appaNoM hismo|| __ -pravacanasAra 1, 6-7 ___ dharma va stutaH AtmA kA spandana hai jisameM kAruNa, sahAnubhUti, sahiSNutA, paropakAra vRtti Adi jaise guNa vidyamAna rahate haiN| vaha kisI jAti yA saMmpradAya se saMbaddha aura pratibaddha nhiiN| usakA svarUpa to sArvajanika, sArvabhaumika aura lokamAMgalika hai| vyakti, samAja, rASTra aura vizva kA abhyutthAna aise hI dharma kI parisImA se saMbhava hai| (119)
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________________ dharma aura ahiMsA meM zabdabheda hai, guNabheda nhiiN| dharma ahiMsA hai aura ahiMsA dharma hai| kSetra usakA vyApaka hai| ahiMsA niSedhArthaka zabda hai| vidheyAtmaka avasthA ke bAda hI niSedhAtmaka avasthA AtI hai| ataH vidhipAka hiMsA ke anantara isakA prayoga huA hogaa| isaliye saMyama tapa, dayA Adi jaise vidheyAtmaka mAnavIya zabdoM kA prayoga pUrvatara rahA hogaa| hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa hai pramAda aura kssaay| isake vazIbhUta hokara jIva ke mana, vacana, kArya meM krodhAdika bhAva pragaTa hote haiM jinase svayaM ke zabda prayoga rUpa bhAvaprANoM kA hanana hotA hai| kaSAyAdika tIvratA ke phalasvarUpa usake AtmaghAta rUpa dravya prANoM kA hanana hotA hai| isake atirikta dUsare ko garmAntaka vedanAdAna athavA paradravyavyaparopaNa bhI ina bhAvoM kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra hiMsA meM cAra bheda ho jAte haiM svabhAvahiMsA, sva-dravyahiMsA, para bhAvahiMsA aura dravyahiMsA (puruSArtha siddhayupAMya 43) / AcArya umAsvAmi ne isI kA saMkSepa meM pramattayogAt prANavyaropaNa hiMsA kahA hai| isaliye bhikSuoM ko kaise calanA phiranA cAhie, kaise bolanA cAhie Adi jaise praznoM kA uttara dazavaikAlika, mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM diyA gayA hai ki use yatnapUrvaka apramatta hokara uThanA baiThanA cAhie, yatnapUrvaka bhojana-bhASaNa karanA caahie| ___ kahaM care kaha ciDhe kahamAse kahaM sae kartha bhaMjanto bhAsanto pAvaM kambhaM na bandhaI jayaM care jayaM ciTThe jayamAse jayaM sae jayaM bhuMjanto bhAsanto pAvaM kambhaM na bNdhii|| dazavaikAlika, 4. 7-8 hiMsA kA pramukha kAraNa rAgAdika bhAva haiN| unake dUra ho jAne para svabhAvataH ahiMsA bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM samasta prANiyoM ke prati saMyamabhAva hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA niuNaM diTThAM savvabhUesu saMjamo (dsh.)| usake sukha saMyama meM pratiSThita hai| saMyama hI ahiMsA hai| vyakti, samAja aura rASTra ke utthAna ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki ve parasparA ekAtmaka kalyANa mArga se abaddha rhe| usameM sauhArdra, AtmotthAna, sthAyIzAnti, sukha aura pavitra sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA hai, yahI yathArtha meM utkRSTa maMgala hai| dhammo maMgala mukkiTTha ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vitaM namasaMti jassa dhamme sayA mnno|| dazavaikAlika 1.1 mana, vacana, kAya se saMyamI vyakti sva-para kA rakSaka tathA mAnavIya guNoM kA AgAra hotA hai| zIla, saMyamAdi guNoM se ApUra vyakti hI satpuruSa hai| jisakA citta malIna va dUSita rahatA hai vaha ahiMsA kA pujArI kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra ghisanA, chedanA, tapAnA, ragar3anA ina cAra upAyoM se svarNa kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra zruta, zIla, tapa, aura dayA rUpa guNoM ke dvArA dharma evaM vyakti kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai - saMjamu sIlu saujju tanu sUri hiM guru soii| dAha chedaka saMghAyakasu uttama kaMcaNu hoii|| bhAvapAhur3a 143 TIkA jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa karanA saMyama kA parama uddezya rahatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM isa uddezya ko eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kachuA nirbhaya sthAna para nirbhIka hokara calanA-phiratA hai kintu bhaya kI AzaMkA hone para zIghra hI apane aMga-pratyaMga pracchanna kara letA hai, (120)
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________________ aura bhaya-vimukta hone para punaH aMga-pratyaMga phailAkara calanA-phiranA prAraMbha kara detA hai, usI prakAra saMyamI vyakti apane sAdhanA mArga para bar3I satarkatA pUrvaka calatA hai| saMyama kI virAdhanA kA bhaya upasthita hone para vaha paMcendriyoM va mana ko AtmajJAna (aMtara) meM hI gopana kara letA hai jahA kumbhe sa aMgAI sae dehe samAhare evaM pAvAI mehAvI ajjhappeNa smaahre|| sUtrakRtAMga 1.8.6 saMyamI vyakti sarvodayaniSTha rahatA hai| vaha isa bAta kA prayatna karatA hai ki dUsare ke prati vaha aisA vyavahAra kare jo svayaM ko anukUla lagatA ho| tadartha use maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya, aura mAdhyasthya bhAvanAoM kA poSaka honA caahie| tabhI sukhI ora niroga hai, kisI ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na ho, aisA prayatna kre| sarve'pi sukhinaH santu santu sarve niraamyaaH| sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhmaapnuyaat|| mA kArSIta ko'pi pApAni mA ca bhUt ko'pi duHkhataH muSyatAM jagadapyeSA mati maitrI nigyte|| yazastilakacampU uttarArdha dUsaroM ke vikAsa meM prasanna honA pramoda hai| vinaya usakA mUla sAdhana hai| IrSyA usakA sabase bar3A antarAya hai| kAruNya ahiMsA bhAvanA kA pradhAna kendra hai| duHkhI vyaktiyoM para pratIkAtmaka buddhi se unameM uddhAra kI bhAvanA hI kAruNya bhAvanA hai| mAdhyasthya bhAvanA ke pIche taTastha buddhi nihita hai| niHzaMka hokara krUra karmakAriyoM para atmaprazaMsakoM para, niMdakoM para upekSAbhAva rakhanA madhyastha bhAva hai| isI ko samabhAva bhI kahA gayA hai| samabhAvI vyakti nirmohI, nirahaMkArI, niSparigrahI, sthAvara jIvoM kA saMrakSaka tathA lAbha-alAbha meM, sukha-duHkha meM, jIvana-maraNa meM, nindA-prazaMsA meM, mAna-apamAna meM, vizuddha hRdaya se samadRSTa hotA hai| samajIvI vyakti hI maryAdAoM va niyamoM kA pratiSThAyaka hotA hai| vahI usakI samacaritA hai| vahI usakI sarvodayazIlatA hai| ___ mahAvIra kI ahiMsA para vicAra karate samaya eka prazna hara cintaka ke mana meM uTha khar3A hotA hai ki saMsAra meM jaba yuddha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, to usa samaya sAdhaka ahiMsA kA kauna-sA rUpa apnaayegaa| yadi yuddha nahIM karatA hai to AtmarakSaNa aura rASTrarakSA donoM khatare meM par3a jAtI hai aura yadi yuddha karatA hai to ahiMsaka kaisA? isa prazna kA samAdhAna jaina cintakoM ne kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki AtmarakSA aura rASTrarakSA karanA hamArA kartavya hai| caMdragupta, cAmuNDarAya, khAravela Adi jaise dhurandhara jaina adhipati yoddhAoM ne zatruoM ke zatAdhika bAra dAMta khaTTe kie haiN| jaina sAhitya meM jaina rAjAoM kI yuddhakalA para bhI bahuta kucha likhA milatA hai| bAda meM unhIM rAjAoM ko vairAgya lete hue bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha unake anAsakti bhAva kA sUcaka hai| ataH yaha siddha hai ki rakSaNAtmaka hiMsA pApa kA kAraNa nahIM hai| aisI hiMsA ko to vIratA kahA gayA hai| yaha virodhI hiMsA hai| cUrNiyoM aura TIkAoM meM aisI hiMsA ko garhita mAnA gayA hai| somadeva ne isI svara meM apanA svara milAte hue spaSTa kahA hai - (121)
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________________ yaH zastravRtti samare ripuH svAt yaH kaSTako vA nijmnnddlsttaa| tamaiva astrANi nRpAH kSipanti na dInakAlIna kdaashyessu|| 2. aparigraha - aparigraha sarvodaya kA anyatama aMga hai| usake anusAra vyakti aura samAja paramparA Azrita hai| eka dUsare ke sahayoga ke binA jIvana kA pravAha gatihIna sA ho jAtA hai| parasparo'pagraho jIvAnAma) pragati sahamUlaka hotI hai, saMgharSamUlaka nhiiN| vyakti-vyakti ke bIca saMgharSa kA vAtAvaraNa pragati ke lie ghAtaka hotA hai| aise ghAtaka vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa meM sAmAjika viSama vAtAvaraNa pramukha kAraNa hotA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne isa tathya kI mImAMsAkara aparigraha kA upadeza diyA aura sahI samAjavAda kI sthApanA kii| samAjavAdI vyavasthA meM vyakti ko samAja ke lie kucha utsarga karanA par3atA hai| dUsaroM ke sukha ke lie svayaM ke sukha ko chor3a denA par3atA hai| sAMsArika sukhoM kA mUla sAdhana saMpatti kA saMyojana hotA hai| hara saMyojana kI pRSThabhUmi meM kisI na kisI prakAra kA rAga, dveSa, moha Adi vikAra bhAva hotA hai| saMpatti ke arjana meM sarvaprathama hiMsA hotI hai| bAda meM usake pIche jhUThe, corI, kuzIla apanA vyApAra bar3hAte haiN| saMpatti kA arjana parigraha hai aura parigraha hI saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| jaina saMskRti vastutaH mUla rUpa se aparigrahavAdI saMskRti hai| jina, nigraMtha, vItarAga jaise zabda aparigraha ke hI dyotaka haiN| apramAda kA bhI upayoga isI saMdarbha meM huA hai| mUrchA ko parigraha kahA gayA hai| yaha mUrchA pramAda hai aura pramAda kaSAyajanya hai bhAva hai| rAga dveSAdi bhAva se hI parigraha kI pravRtti bar3hatI hai| mithyAtva kaSAya, mohakaSAya, indriya viSaya Adi antaraMga parigraha hai aura dhana dhAnyAdi bAhyaparigraha hai| ye Azrava ke kAraNa hai| ina kAraNoM se hI hiMsA hotI hai pramattayogAtu prANavyaparopaNa hiMsA yaha hiMsA karma hai aura karma parigraha hai| AcArIMgasUtra kadAcita, prAcInatama Agama grantha hai| jisakA prArambha hI zastraparijJA se hotA hai| zastra kA tAtparya hai hiNsaa| hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA karate hue vahA~ spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vyakti vartamAna jIvana ke lie, prazasta, sammAna aura pUjA ke lie, janma, maraNa aura mocana ke liye, duHkha pratikAra ke lie taraha-taraha kI hiMsA karatA hai| dvitIya adhyayana lokavijaya meM ise bhI spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki sAMsArika viSayoM kA saMyojana pramAda ke kAraNa hotA hai| pramAdI vyakti rAta dina paritapta rahatA hai, kAla yA akAla meM arthArjana kA prayatna karatA hai, saMyoga kA arthI hokara aura arthalolupI cora yA luTerA ho jAtA hai| usakA cinta arthArjana meM hI lagA rahatA hai| arthArjana meM saMlagna puruSa punaH punaH zastrasaMhAraka bana jAtA hai| parigrahI vyakti meM na tapa hotA hai, na zAnti aura na niyama hotA hai| vaha sukhArthI hokara duHkha ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra saMsAra kA prArambha Asakti se hotA hai aura Asakti hI parigraha hai| parigraha kA mUla sAdhana hiMsA hai, jhUTha, corI kuzIla usake anuvartaka haiN| aura parigraha usakA phala hai| ataH jaina saMskRti mUlataH aparigrahavAdI saMskRti hai jisakA prArambha ahiMsA ke paripAlana se hotA hai| mahAvIra ne aparigraha ko hI prathama mAnA hai| (122)
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________________ Adhunika yuga meM mArksa samyavAda ke prasthApaka mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne lagabhaga vahI bAta kI hai jo Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kaha cuke the| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne saMsAra ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA kara unase mukta hone kA upAya bhI batAyA para mArksa Adhe rAste para hI khar3e rhe| donoM mahApuruSoM ke chora alaga-alaga the| mahAvIra ne "AtmatulA" kI bAtakara samavibhAjana kI bAta kahI aura hara kSetra meM maryAdita rahane kA sujhAva diyaa| parimANavrata vastutaH saMpatti kA AdhyAtmika vikendrIkaraNa hai aura astitvavAda usakA kendrIya tatva hai| jabaki mArksavAda meM donoM tatva nahIM hai| parigrahI vRtti vyakti ko hiMsaka banA detI hai| Aja vyakti kI niSThA, kartavyaniSThA ko cIratI huI svakendrita hotI calI jA rahI hai| rAjanIti aura samAja meM bhI naye-naye samIkaraNa banate cale Aye haiN| rAjanIti kA nakArAtmaka aura vidhvaMsAtmaka svarUpa kiMkartavyavimUr3ha sA bana rahA hai| parigrahI lipsA se Asakta asAmAjika tatvoM ke samakSa hara vyakti ghuTane Teka rahA hai| Daga Daga para asurakSA kA bhAna ho rahA hai / aisA lagatA hai, sArA jIvana viSAkta parigrahI rAjanIti meM rastha ho gayA hai| vargabheda, jAtibheda, saMpradAyabheda jaise tIkhe kaTaghare parigraha dhUmila sAye meM svatantratA, svacchandatA pUrvaka pala pusa rahe haiN| isa hiMsaka vRtti se vyakti tabhI vimukha ho sakatA hai, jaba vaha aparigraha ke sopAna para car3ha jaaye| parigraha parimANavrata kA pAlana sAdhaka ko kramazaH tAtvika cintana kI ora AkarSita karegA / aura samatA nIMva tathA samavibhAjana kI pravRtti kA vikAsa hogaa| aNuvrata kI cetanA sarvodaya kI cetanA hai / 3. anekAntavAda aura sarvodayadarzana anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda pRthaka nahIM liye jA skte| anekAntavAda satya aura ahiMsA kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA sArvabhaumika siddhAnta hai, jo sarvadharmabhAva ke cintana se anuprANita hai| usameM lokahita, lokasaMgraha aura sarvodaya kI bhAvanA garbhita hai| dhArmika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika aura Arthika viSamatAoM ko dUra karane kA abhedya astra hai| samanvayavAditA ke AdhAra para sarvathA ekAntavAdiyoM ko eka pleTaphArma para sasammAna baiThAne kA upakrama hai| dUsare ke dRSTikoNa kA anAdara karanA aura usake astitva ko asvIkAra karanA hI saMgharSa kA mUla kAraNa hotA hai| saMsAra meM jitane bhI yuddha hue haiM unake pIche yahI kAraNa rahA hai| ataH saMgharSa ko dUra karane kA upAya yahI hai ki hama pratyeka vyakti aura rASTra ke vicAroM para udAratA aura niSpakSatA pUrvaka vicAra kreN| usase hamArA dRSTikoNa durAgrahI aura ekAMgI nahIM hogA / prAcIna kAla se hI samAja zAstrI aura azAstrIya visaMvAdoM meM jUjhatA rahA hai, buddhi aura tarka ke AkramaNoM ko sahatA rahA hai, AsthA aura jJAna meM thaper3oM ko jhelatA rahA hai| taba kahI eka lambe samaya ke bAda use yaha anubhava huA ki ina bauddhika viSamatAoM ke tIkhe prahAroM se niSpakSa aura nirvaira hokara mukta huA jA sakatA hai, sAnti kI pAvana dhArA meM saMgItamaya gote lagAye jA sakate haiM aura vAdoM ke viSaile ghere ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai| isI tathya aura anubhUti ne anekAntavAda ko janma diyA aura isI ne sarvodayadarzana kI racanA kii| mAnavIya ekatA, saha-astitva, samAnatA aura sarvodayatA dharma ke tAtvika aMga hai| tathAkathita dhArmika vijJAna aura AcArya ina aMgoM ko tor3a-maror3akara svArthavaza vargabheda aura varNabheda jaisI vicitra dhAraNAoM kI viSelI Aga ko paidA kara dete haiM jisameM samAja kI bher3iyAdhasAna vAlI vRtti vaicArika (123)
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________________ dharAtala se asaMbaddha hokara kUda par3atI hai| usake sAre sabhI kAraNa jhulasa jAte haiN| dRSTi meM hiMsaka vyavahAra apane pUre zaktizAlI svara meM gUMjane lagatA hai, zoSaNa kI manovRtti sahAnubhUti aura sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA ko kuMThita kara detI hai, vayaktika aura sAmUhika zAnti kA astitva khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| isa durvasthA kI sArI jimmedArI ekAntavAdi cintakoM ke sabala hiMsaka kaMdhoM para hai jisane samAja ko eka jhaTakAva diyA hai, azAnti kA eka AkAra-prakAra khar3A kiyA hai aura par3osI ko par3osI jaisA rahane meM saMkoca, vitRSNA aura maryAdAhIna bhare vyavahAroM kI lauhika divAla ko gar3ha diyA hai| - anekAntavAda aura sarvodayadarzana ina sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM se ApAdamagna samAja ko eka naI dizA-dAna detA hai| usakI kaTI pataMga ko kisI taraha samhAlakara usameM anuzAsana tathA suvyarasthA kI. susthira, majabUta aura sAmudAyika cetanA se sanI Dora lagA detA hai, AsthA aura jJAna kI vyavasthA meM nayA prANa phUMka detA hai| taba saMgharSa ke svara badala jAte haiN| samanvaya kI manovRtti samatA kI pratidhvani, satyAnveSaNa kI cetanA gatizIla ho jAtI hai, apane zAstrIya vyAmoha se mukta hone ke lie apane vaiyaktika eka pakSIya vicAroM kI AhUti dene ke lie aura niSpakSatA, nirvetA-nirbhayatA kI cetanA ke stara para mAnavatA ko dhUla dhasarita hone se bacAne ke lie| isa prakAra kI anaitikatA aura astitva ko miTAne tathA zuddha jJAna aura caritra kA AcaraNa karane kI dRSTi se anekAntavAda aura sarvodayadarzana eka amogha sUtra hai| samatA kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita hokara AtmadarzI honA usake lie Avazyaka hai| samatA mAnavatA kI sahI paribhASA hai, samanvayavRtti usakA sundara akSara hai, nirmalatA, aura nirbhayatA usakA phulasTApa hai, nirAgrahIvRtti aura asAmpradAyikatA usakA pairAgrApha anaikAntika aura sarvodaya cintana kI dizA meM Age bar3hanevAlA samAja pUrNa ahiMsaka aura AdhyAtmika hogaa| sabhI ke utkarSa meM vaha sahAyaka hogaa| usake sAdhana aura sAdhya pavitra hoNge| tarka zuSkatA se haTakara vAstavikatA kI ora bddh'egaa| hRdaya-parivartana ke mAdhyama se sarvodaya kI sImA ko chuegaa| cetanA-vyApAra ke sAdhana indriyA~ aura mana saMyamita hoNge| satya kI prAmANikatA asaMdigdha hotI calI jaayegii| sApekSika cintana vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se nizcaya taka kramazaH bar3hatA calA jAyegA sthUlatA se sUkSmatA kI ora, bahiraMga se antaraMga kI ora, sAMvyAvahArika se pAra mArthika kI ora, aindriyaka jJAna se Atmika jJAna kI or| ... sApekSika kathana dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko samAna rUpa se Adara detA hai| khule mastiSka se pArasparika vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai| pratipAdya kI yathArthavatA pratibaddhatA se mukta hokara sAmane A jAtI hai| vaicArika hiMsA se vyakti dUra ho jAtA hai| asti-nasti ke vivAda se mukta hokara nayoM ke mAdhyama se pratinidhi zabda samAja aura vyakti ko premapUrvaka eka pleTaphArma para baiThA dete haiN| ciMtana aura bhASA ke kSetra meM "na yA siyAvAya viyAgarejjA" kA upadeza samAja aura vyakti ke antardvandoM ko samApta kara detA hai, sabhI ko pUrNanyAya dekara sarala, spaSTa, aura nirvivAda abhivyakti kA mArga prazasta kara detA hai| AcArya siddharsana ne "dhArviva samudIrNA sya nAtha hRsTayaH" kahakara isI tathya ko apanI bhagavad stuti meM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadra kI bhI samanvayAtmaka sAdhanA isa saMdarbha meM smaraNIya hai - (124)
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________________ bhavavIjAMGkurajananA, rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA ysy| brahmA vA viSNurvA, haro jino vA namastasmai" anekAntavAda aura sarvodaya darzana samAja ke lie vastutaH eka saMjIvanI hai| vartamAna saMgharSa ke yuga apane Apako sabhI ke sAtha milane julane kA eka abhedha anudAna hai, pragati kA eka nayA sAdhana hai, pArivArika dveSa ko samApta karane kA eka anupama ciMtana hai, ahiMsA aura satya kI pratiSThA kA kendrabindu hai, mAnavatA kI sthApanA meM nIMva kA patthara hai, pArasparika samajha aura saha astitva ke kSetra meM eka sabala leMpa posTa hai| inakI upekSA vidveSa aura kaTutA kA AvAhana hai, saMgharSoM kI kakSAoM kA plATa hai, vinAza usakA klAyameksa hai, vicAroM aura dRSTiyoM kI TakarAhaTa tathA vyakti-vyakti ke bIca khar3A huA ekalaMbA gepa vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika saMgharSoM kI lAMdhakara rASTra aura vizvastara taka pahuMca jAtA hai| hara saMgharSa kA janma vicAroM kA matabheda aura usakI pArasparika avamAnanA se hotA hai| buddhivAda usakA kendrabindu hai| anekAntavAda buddhivAdI hone kA Agraha nahIM karatA / Agraha se to vaha mukta hai hI para vaha itanA avazya kahatA hai ki buddhiniSTha bneN| buddhivAda khatarAvAda hai, vidvAnoM kI ukhAr3A pachAr3I hai| para buddhiniSTha honA khatarA aura saMgharSoM se mukta hone kA sAdhana hai| yahI sarvodayavAda hai| ise hama mAnavatAvAda bhI kaha sakate haiM jisameM ahiMsA, satya, sahiSNutA, samanvayAtmakatA, sAmAjikatA, sahayoga, sadbhAva aura saMyama jaise Atmika guNoM kA vikAsa sannadhda hai / sAmAjika aura rASTrIya utthAna bhI isakI sImA se bahirbhUta nahIM rakhe jA skte| vyaktigata, parivAragata, saMsthAgata aura sampradAyagata vidveSa kI viSailI Aga kA zamana bhI isI ke mAdhyama se honA saMbhava hai| ataH sAmAjikatA ke mAnadaNDa meM anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda khare utare haiM / 4. ekAtmakatA sarvodaya ke sAtha ekAtmakatA avichinna rUpa se jur3I huI hai| rASTra kA astitva ekAtmakatA kI zrRMkhalA se saMbaddha hai| rASTrIyatA kA jAgaraNa usake vikAsa kA prAthamika caraNa hai| jana - mana meM zAnti, saha astitva aura ahiMsAtmakatA usakA carama bindu hai| vividhatA meM patlI - pusI ekatA saujanya aura sauhArdra ko janma detI huI "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" kA pATha par3hAtI hai / bhramaNa vyavasthA ne usa ekAtmakatA ko acchI taraha parakhA bhI aura saMjoyA bhI apane vicAroM meM use jainAcAryoM aura tIrthaMkaroM ne samatA, puruSArtha aura svAvalambana ko pramukhatA dekara jIvana ko eka nayA AyAma diyaa| zramaNa saMskRti ne vaidika saMskRti meM dhokhe dhokhe se AyI vikRta paraMparAoM ke virodha meM jehAda bola diyA aura dekhate hI dekhate samAja kA punaH sthitikaraNa kara diyaa| yadyapi use isa parivartana meM kAphI kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A para antatogatvA usane eka naye samAja kA nirmANa kara diyaa| isa samAja kI mUla nidhi cAritrika pavitratA aura dRr3hatA thI jise usane thAtI mAnakara kaThora jhaMjhAvAtoM meM bhI apane Apako saMbhAle rkhaa| bhAvAtmaka ekatA ke saMdarbha meM jaina saMskRti ne lokabhASAoM kA upayoga kara jo anUThA kArya kiyA hai vaha apane Apa meM bemisAla hai| saMskRti eka varga vizeSa kI bhASA banakara raha gayI thI jo sarvasAdhAraNa pare thii| jainAcAryoM ne use to apanI abhivyakti kA sAdhana banAyA hI para sAtha hI prAkRta boliyoM kA bhI bharapura upayoga kara sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| ye prAkRta boliyA~ vahI haiM jinhoMne bhArata kI samAja Jain Education. International (125) "
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________________ samUcI Adhunika bhASAoM ko janma diyA aura unake vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| ekAtmakatA jIvana kA sauMdarya hai| jaina saMskRti ne jIvana ko puSpita-phalita banAne ke zAzvata sAdhana prastuta kiye haiN| jIvana kI yathArthatA pramANikatA se pare hokara nahIM ho paatii| sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhanoM kI pavitratA bhI Avazyaka hai| sAdhana yadi pavitra aura vizuddha nahIM hoMge, bIja yadi sahI nahIM hoMge to usase utpanna hone vAle phala mIThe kaise ho sakate haiM? jIvana kI satyatA hI dharma hai| dhokhA-pravaMcanA jaise asAmAjika tatvoM kA usake sAtha koI sAmaMjasya nhiiN| dharma aura hai bhI kyA? dharma kA vAstavika saMbaMdha khAna-pAna aura dakiyAnUsI vicAradhArA se jur3e rahanA nahIM, vaha to aisI vicAra krAMti se jur3A hai jisameM mAnavatA aura satya kA AcaraNa kUTa-kUTa kara bharA hai| ekAtmakatA aura sarvodaya kI pRSThabhUmi meM jIvana kA yahI rUpa palatA-pusatA Aja kI bhautikatApradhAna saMskRti meM jaina dharma sarvodayatIrtha kA kAma karatA hai| jainadharma vastutaH eka mAnava dharma hai usake anusAra vyakti yadi apanA jIvana-ratha calAye to vaha RSiyoM se bhI adhika pavitra bana sakatA hai| zrAvaka dharma kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki use nyAya-pUrvaka dhana-sampatti kA arjana karanA cAhie aura sadAcArapUrvaka apanA jIvana vyatIta karanA caahie| sarvodaya darzana meM parahita ke lie apanA tyAga Avazyaka ho jAtA hai jainadharma ne use aNuvrata kiMvA parimANavrata kI saMjJA dI hai isameM zrAvaka apanI AvazyakatAnusAra sampatti kA upabhoga karatA hai aura zeSa bhAga samAja ke lie bAMTa detA hai| sarvodaya aura vizva-baMdhutva ke svapna ko sAkAra karane meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAra niHsaMdeha pUrI taraha sakSama hai| unake siddhAMta lokahitakArI aura lokasaMgrAhaka haiN| samAjavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ke prasthApaka hai| unase samAja aura rASTra ke bIca pArasparika samanvaya bar3ha sakatA hai aura manamuTAva dUra ho sakatA hai| isaliye ye vizvazAMti ko prasthApita karane meM amUlya bana sakate haiN| mahAvIra isa dRSTi se sahI dRSTArtha aura sarvodayatIrtha ke sahI preNatA the| mAnava mUlyoM ko prasthApita karane meM unakI yaha viziSTa dena hai jo kabhI bhulAyI nahIM jA sktii| isa saMdarbha meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki Adhunika mAnasa dharma ko rAjanItika hathakaMDA na banAkara use mAnavatA ko prasthApita karane ke sAdhana kA eka kendrabiMdu maane| mAnavatA kA sahI sAdhaka vaha hai jisakI samUcI sAdhanA samatA aura mAnavatA para AdhArita ho aura mAnavatA ke kalyANa ke lie usakA mUlabhUta upayoga ho| etadartha khulA mastiSka, vizAla dRSTikoNa, sarvadharma samabhAva aura sahiSNutA apekSita hai| mahAvIra ke dharma kI mUla AtmA aise hI punIta mAnavIya guNoM se siMcita hai aura usakI ahiMsA vaMdanIya tathA vizvakalyANakArI hai| yahI unakA sarvodayatIrtha hai| nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura 440-001 * * * * * (126)