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________________ jainadharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA svAmI satyabhakta satyAzrama, vardhA saMsAra meM dharma kA uddezya yaha hai ki manuSya ke vyaktigata aura sAmUhika sukha bar3he aura dukha kama hoN| pAralaukika sukha ke liye dharma nahIM hotaa| isakI kalpanA to isaliye kI jAtI hai ki isakI AzA se manuSya isI jIvana ko sukhI banAne ke liye Avazyaka kartavya karatA rhe| jainadharma kA yahI utkRSTa dhyeya hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra, prAcIna kAla meM saMsAra bhoga-bhUmi thA / dasa kalpavRkSa usake jIvana kI sArI AvazyakatAyeM kSaNamAtra meM pUrNa karate the / pati-patnI jIvana bhara Ananda se rahate the| usa samaya dAmpatya prema hI dharma thaa| brata, upavAsa, devapUjA, gurupUjA Adi dhArmika kriyAyeM nahIM thii| phira bhI, pratyeka dampati marakara devagati meM jAtA thaa| isa tathya se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki yadi kisI ko satAyA na jAve, saMgharSa na kiyA jAve, to premapUrNa AnandI jIvana bitAne se sadgati prApta hotI hai| isa sthiti meM dhArmika kriyAkANDa yA sAdhu-saMsthA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| jaba samAja meM saMgharSa aura dukha bar3hate haiM, taba ye Avazyaka ho jAte haiN| inheM dUra karane ke liye dharma hotA hai| isaliye dharma mukhyataH isI loka ke liye hai| paraloka to usakA AnuSaMgika phala hai| kisAna ko khetI karane para anna ke sAtha bhUsA bhI anivAryataH milatA hai| para usakA uddezya to anna hI hotA hai| phira bhI vaha bhUsA upayogI hotA hai aura use vaha chor3atA nahIM hai| isI prakAra dharma bhI isI janma kI samasyAyeM hala karatA hai| isase yadi paraloka kA phala bhI bhUse kI taraha AnuSaMgikata: mile, to use chor3anA kyoM cAhiye? dharma kI AvazyakatA karmabhUmi meM ho hotI hai, bhogabhUmi meM nhiiN| ... jainadharma kA avataraNa karma bhUmi kI aneka vyaktigata aura sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu huA thaa| mAnava kalyANa ke liye isakA yogadAna asAdhAraNa hai, gauravapUrNa hai| vartamAna yuga meM isakA gaurava tabhI akSuNNa banA raha sakatA hai jaba isameM samucita rUpAntaraNa evaM dhAraNAtmaka samanvayata kiyA jaave| yaha prakriyA hI isake svarNima bhaviSya kI AzA hai| jainadharma ke prAcIna gaurava kI gAthA mahAvIra ke yuga meM hiMsA, pazuvadha, yajJa aura kriyAkANDoM kA jora thaa| unake pUrvavartI yuga meM kRSi kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thA aura pazuoM kI bahulatA se kRSi kI rakSA bhI eka samasyA thii| mAnava ne sambhavataH apanI evaM kRSi kI rakSA ke liye pazuvadha evaM mAMsamakSaNa prArambha kiyA hogaa| isase pazuoM meM kamI hone lagI aura kRSi utpAdana bar3hane lgaa| phalata; mahAvIra ke yuga meM annotpAdana bar3hane se pazuvadha anAvazyaka ho gayA aura unheM ahiMsA ke sandeza ke liye anukUla sAmAjika paristhiti milii| mahAvIra ne isa paristhiti kA lAbha lekara ahiMsA kA itanI dRr3hatA, sUkSmatA evaM vyApakatA ke sAtha upadeza diyA ki vizva meM Aja taka unake samAna ahiMsA
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________________ 2] jainadharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA 7 kA udghoSaka nahIM huA hai / Aja ke yuga ko bar3hatI zAkAhAra pravRtti aura mAMsAhAra-nivRtti kI ruci mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI lokapriyatA evaM vaijJAnikatA kI pratIka hai| buddha kI ahiMsA mahAvIra se kApho poMche thii| loga mahAdeva ko pazupatinAtha kahate haiN| para sacce pazupati to mahAvIra hI hai, jinakI kRpA se hajAroM varSoM se karor3oM pazuoM ko abhaya milA huA hai / ahiMsA kA jIvanavyApI upadeza mahAvIra ke asAdhAraNa sAhasa kA pariNAma mAnanA cAhiye / ahiMsA ke samAna anekAnta kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa bhI unakI eka asAdhAraNa dena hai| isase dvandvAtmakatA dUra kara bauddhika samanvaya dRSTi prApta huii| vastutaH vyavahAra meM to anekAnta Adima kAla se hI hai, para vyavahAra kI samajha kA upayoga dArzanika kSetra meM pracalita nahIM thA / mahAvIra ne yaha kamo dUra kara saMsAra kA ananta upakAra kiyA hai| mahAvIra ne zrama, sama aura svAvalambana ke tIna sakAroM kA upadeza dekara batAyA ki bhakti, doSasvIkRti yA kriyAkANDa se dukha dUra nahIM hotaa| apane kiye hue karmoM kA phala avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai| mahAvIra ne bhI apane tripRSThanArAyaNa ke bhava meM kiye gaye anyAya kA phala aneka bhavoM taka bhogaa| karmaphala kI yaha anivAryatA manuSya ko karmaparAyaNatA ke liye prerita karatI hai| bhakti Adi se karmaparAyaNatA zithila ho, yaha unheM bilakula pasanda nahIM thaa| isIliye ve nirIzvaravAdI bane, prakRtivAdI bane / jar3a prakRti bhakti Adi se kaise prasanna ho sakatI hai ? unakA karmabAda manovaijJAnika rUpa se jIvana ko samunnata karane ke liye AzakiraNa pramANita huA hai| yaha bhI bhAratIya saMskRti ko unakI asAdhAraNa dena hai / mahAvIra ke yuga meM AlaMkArika bhASA meM kahI bAtoM ko loga abhidheya artha meM mAnane the| hanumAna ko bandara, rAvaNa Adi ko pahAr3a ke samAna mAnyatAoM se jIvana kI saMgati nahIM baiThatI thii| mahAvIra ne isa asagati ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyaa| hanumAna ko vAnaravaMzI manuSya batAyA tathA rAvaNAdi ko rAkSasavaMzI nirUpita kiyaa| unake zarIrAdi avazya Aja ko tulanA meM vizAla the| mahAvIra kI tulanA meM bhI paryApta vizAla the| isa paurANika asaMgati ko unhoMne kAla kI avasarpiNI evaM utsarpiNI bheda ko mAnyatA se tarkasaMgata bnaayaa| unhoMne kAlacakra kI anAdianaMtatA prastuta kara AlaMkArika tatvoM ko bodhagamya banAne meM asAdhAraNa yogadAna kiyaa| mahAvIra mAnava-mAtra kI samatA ke pracAraka the| ve jAtibheda evaM U~canIca kA bheda nahIM mAnate the| isIliye harikezI cAMDAla aura kezizramaNa ke udAharaNa jaina zAstroM meM Ate haiN| unake anusAra, mAnava jAti eka hai, janmanA eka hai, karmaNA yA deza-kAlagata bheda vyAvahArika haiM / unake kAryoM meM utparivartana sadaiva saMbhava hai| mahilAoM kA gaurava baDhAne meM mahAvIra agraNI siddha hue| jaba buddha mahilAoM ko sAdhvI hI banAne ko taiyAra na the, taba mahAvIra ne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kara unako puruSoM ke samakakSa mahatva diyaa| zvetAMbara paramparA to unheM arhat pada para bhI pratiSThita karatI hai| sAdhviyoM ko vaMdanIyatA ke sambandha meM pracalita vicAradhArA buddhadharma se anuprANita lagatI hai| yaha mahAvIra ke upadezoM se mela nahIM khaataa| merA sujhAva hai ki jaina sAdhu-saMgha ko isa bhUla meM sudhAra kara lenA cAhiye / bhAratIya darzanoM meM mahAvIra yuga meM 363 matavAda pracalita the| inameM se anekoM meM sthAna pAne evaM avasthA parivartana ke liye AkAza evaM kAla dravyoM kI mAnyatA rahI hai| isa AdhAra para mahAvIra ke dhyAna meM AyA ki calanA aura sthira honA bhI padArthoM ke svabhAva haiN| ina kAryoM ke liye bhI pRthak dravya hone cAhiye / etadarya unhoMne dharma aura adharma dravya kI mAnyatA prastuta kii| yaha unakA anUThA, gahana dArzanika cintana thaa| yaha nyUTana ke yuga taka apUrva mAnA jAtA rhaa| vaijJAnika yuga meM inheM pahale jar3atA ke siddhAnta se sahasambandhita kiyA gayA, phira Ithara aura gurutvazakti
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________________ 8 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa se unakI samakakSatA mAnI gii| para sApekSatAvAda ne isa pakSa meM paryApta cintana dizA badala dI hai| phira bhI, tatkAlIna yuga meM mahAvIra kI yaha mAnyatA unakI maulika aura asAdhAraNa dena thii| jaina dharma meM sarvajJatA kI bar3I mAnyatA hai / maiMne pAyA hai ki isa zabda ke cAra artha diye gaye haiM : (1) 'je ega jANai, te sabbaM jANai' ke anusAra jo AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako jAnatA hai| AtmadarzI sarvajJa hotA hai| jaina zAstroM meM aisI kathAyeM haiM ki eka sAdhAraNa jJAnI bhI thor3e hI samaya meM ahaMta ho gayA / yahA~ arhata kI sarvajJatA AtmajJatA hI hai / vastutaH yahI vyApaka dRSTi hai / (2) somadeva ne 'lokavyavahArajJo hi sarvajJaH' kahA hai| isake anusAra, yuga kI mahatvapUrNa samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA spaSTa aura vyApaka jJAna hI sarvajJatA hai / yaha artha vAstavika, vyAvahArika evaM yuga-pracalita hai / indrabhUti Adi mahAvIra se vAdavivAda karate samaya inhIM zabdoM meM socate haiM ki hama sarvajJa haiM yA mahAvIra ? isa dRSTi se mahAvIra sacamuca sarvajJa the / (3) sarvajJatA kA eka anya artha hai / vizva kI kisI bhI vastu yA ghaTanA ke jJAna kI kSamatA / nyAya-vaizeSika aise jJAnI ko yuMjAna yogI kahate haiM / sarvajJatA kA yaha alaukika artha hai / adhikAMza paurANika ghaTanAoM meM yahI artha pracalita rahA hai| aise sarvajJa hone kA dAvA mahAvIra ko bhI kabhI-kabhI karanA par3atA thaa| paraloka aura pUrvajanma para vizvAsa karAne ke liye yaha Avazyaka thaa| eka bAra unase dIkSina sAdhU saMghastha ho apane nagara meM aayaa| mikSA kI anumati dete samaya mahAvIra ne usase kahA, "Aja tumheM apane mAM ke hAtha se bhikSA milegii|" para usakI mAM to use pahacAna taka na sakI, bhikSA kI to bAta hI kyA ? mArga meM eka gvAlana ne use mikSA dii| usakA vivaraNa sunakara aura apane Upara avizvAsa ke saMkaTa ko dekhate hue mahAvIra ne usase kahA, "gvAlina pUrvajanma meM tumhArI mAM hI thii|" jagat kalyANa ke liye kabhI kabhI mahAvIra ko aisA atathya-satya kahanA par3atA thaa| isase satya-vrata bhaMga nahIM hotA, kyoMki isameM asaMyama nahIM hai| satya mahAvratI to chaThe guNasthAna meM ho jAtA hai| para asatya manoyoga aura vacana yoga bArahaveM ( yA terahaveM ? ) guNasthAna taka rahate haiN| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki asatya vacana yoga se satya mahAvrata bhaMga nahIM hotaa| (4) sarvajJatA kI cauthI paribhASA sarvakAla evaM sarvaloka kI sabhI paryAyoM ke yugapat pratyakSa ke rUpa meM mAnI jAtI hai| yaha parama alaukika paribhASA hai aura mujhe asaMbhava lagatI hai| merA sujhAva hai ki vaijJAnika yuga ke dRSTikoNa se prArambha kI do paribhASAyeM tathyapUrNa, tarkasaMgata evaM satya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanI cAhiye / kucha jaina mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA jaina granthoM meM varNita vizva racanA Aja kI ATha hajAra mIla vyAsa kI gola pRthvI kI mAnyatA se asaMgata lagatI hai| isa pRthvI para lAkhoM karor3oM mIla ke dvIpa-samudra kI bAta hAsyAspada hai| jaina loga isa bAta kI carcA meM bagale jhAMkane lagate haiN| para isa asamaMjasa meM rahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| hameM nirbhayatA se sApha zabdoM meM kahanA cAhiye ki ye bhautika vivaraNa dharmazAstra ke aMga nahIM haiN| dharma to 'cArittaM khalu dhammo' hai| vizva racanA to kevala karmaphala jatAne ke liye udAharaNa hai| tatvArtha zraddhAna samyak darzana hai| jaba vizva racanA kA vivecana tatvarUpa nahIM hai, to vaha kyA saccA yA kyA jhUThA ? isa vivaraNa se dharma kA khaMDana nahIM hotaa| satya bolanA to taba bhI dharma hai, jaba pRthvI capaTI hai aura taba bhI dharma hai, jaba pRthvI gola hai| dUsare, bhUgola-khagola sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko aitihAsika sandarbha meM lemA cAhiye, dhArmika sandarbha meM nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM Aja kI mAnyatAoM ke Aloka meM unakI samocInatA parakhI jA sakatI hai aura vaijJAnika pragati ko mUlyAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ ka seTha riSabhakumAra dvArA satanA meM paNDitajI kA svAgata, 1974 vIra nirvANa bhAratI puraskAra ke avasara para paNDitajI, sAhU (sva0) zAMti prasAdajI baiThe haiM paNDita kailAzacandra zAstrI abhinandaca samAroha ke avasara para paNDitajI, dillI, 1980
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________________ jaina zikSA saMsthA, kaTanI meM chAtroM ke bIca paNDitajo (1959) kAraMjA gurukula meM paNDitajI www.jairnelibrary.org
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________________ jainadharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA 9 ___ bhArata meM AryoM kA itihAsa lagabhaga chaH hajAra varSa kA hai| ataH lAkhoM-karor3oM varSoM kA varNana nirAdhAra pratIta hotA hai / caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA itihAsa bhI isa dRSTi se tathyapUrNa nahIM lgtaa| yaha varNana itihAsa-jJAna ke liye nahIM, jaina dharma kI upayogitA batAne ke liye thA / jainadharma ne mahAvIra ko dharmakara nahIM kahA, tIrthakara kahA kyoMki ahiMsA, satyAdi dharma koI nahIM sthApita karatA / eka varma meM eka hI tIrthaMkara hotA hai, anya arahaMta, jina, sarvajJa Adi hote haiM / phira bhI, janoM ko caubIsa tIrthakara mAnane par3e / isakA uddezya bhI aitihAsika na hokara upayogitA evaM mahatva pradarzana rahA hai| mahAvIra se eka zraddhAlu ne pUchA, "kyA Apake binA hamArA uddhAra na hogA?'' isa prazna ke donoM prakAra ke uttara parezAnI meM DAlane vAle pratIta hue| ataH unheM kahanA par3A, "hamAre dharma ke binA tumhArA uddhAra na hogaa| abhI taka jinakA uddhAra huA, vaha jaina dharma se hI huaa| maiM to antima tIrthakara hU~, mere pahile teIsa aura ho gaye haiN|" vastuta yaha tathya nahIM hai, upayogitAvAdI catura dRSTikoNa hai / amerikI lekhaka imarasana mAnatA hai ki pratyeka saMsthA usake saMsthApaka ke jIvana kI chAyA hotI hai| jaina dharma bhI mahAvIra ke jIvana kI chAyA hai, unhoMne jo kahA, use jIvana meM utArA / unakI prakRti sahiSNutA pradhAna thI, ve pratikAra kI upekSA karate the| vastutaH, rAjamArga yaha hai ki yathAzakya pratikAra kiyA jaave| phira bhI, jo raha jAve, use sahana kiyA jAve / jaina dharma meM pratikAra aura sahiSNutA ke bIca samanvaya nitAnta Avazyaka hai| Adhunika yuga ke liye jaina dharma kI AzAvAdI rUparekhA jaina dharma ke prati vizeSa anurAga hone se maiMne barasoM pUrva jaina mata ko vijJAna-samanvita banAne aura usake kAyAkalpa kI icchA se 'jaina dharma mImAMsA' nAmaka grantha likhA thaa| isakA uddezya thA ki jaina dharma isa yuga meM bhI mAnava ke liye adhikAdhika kalyANakArI bana sake aura usake akalyANakArI aMza dUra kiye jaaveN| jaina dharma meM navInatA ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hai, kyoMki vaha parIkSApradhAnI hai| isa dRSTi se maiM jaina dharma meM nimna dhAraNAoM ke samAharaNa kA sujhAva denA cAhatA hU~ : (a) dharma kA lakSya isI loka ko adhikAdhika sukhI banAne kI ora rahe, paraloka kA lakSya gauNa mAnA jAve / (ba) vizva racanA tathA dravyavarNana ko aitihAsika pariprekSya meM mAnakara unake prayoga evaM vijJAna sammata rUpa kA samAharaNa kiyA jaave| (sa) sarvajJatA kI vyAvahArika evaM vAstavika paribhASA mAnya kI jAve, alaukikatA ko prerita karane vAlI paribhASA AlaMkArika hai| (da) mahAvIra ne digaMbaratva ko sAdhutA evaM AtmavikAsa kA uttama sopAna batAyA thaa| para ise anivArya nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / pIchI-kamaMDalu ke samAna sacelatA bhI sAdhutA meM bAdhaka nahIM mAnI jAnI cAhiye / (ya) jainoM ke tInoM sampradAyoM meM samanvaya evaM sudhAra honA cAhiye / digaMbaratva ko anivAryatA ne jaina dharma ko bahuta anudAra banA diyA hai| sAtvika azana-pAna, pochI-kamaMDalu, zAstra-parigraha evaM alpacelatA meM bhI sAdhutA raha sakatI hai / saMpradAya-vyAmoha kA tyAga honA cAhiye / zvetAMbara mandiroM kI mUrtiyAM mahAvIra ke dharma kI viDambanA haiM / unheM digambara-vezI rakhane meM hI garimA hai / sthAnakavAsI yA tAraNapaMtha muslima sattA ke prabhAva kI upaja hai| aba yuga badala gayA hai|
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________________ 10 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa mUrti pUjA ke liye nahIM, preraNA ke liye hotI hai| ataH mandiroM meM, sthAnakoM meM isa dRSTikoNa se mUrtiyAM rakhanA sAmayika mAMga kI pUrti hI hogii| (ra) sAdhvI ke apamAna yA avaMdanIyatA kA siddhAnta jaina dharma se mela nahIM khaataa| naranArI samabhAva ke AdhAra para saMgha meM anuzAsana rakhanA cAhiye / (la) jana-jana meM pracAra ko dRSTi se paidala vihAra kA mAdhyama sarvazreSTha hai, para Aja ke gatizIla yuga meM, viziSTa kAraNa aura avasaroM ( upasarga kI AzaMkA, dharma pracAra Adi) para zIghragAmI vAhanoM ke upayoga ko svIkRti milanI cAhiye / (va) mukti aura siddhazilA mAne yA na mAneM, para mokSa puruSArtha ko mAnyatA avazya rahanI cAhiye / mahAvIra kA jIvana isIliye mahatvapUrNa hai| duHkha kI paristhiti meM bhI sukha kA strota bhItara se bahAnA aura sukhAnubhUti hI vaha mokSa puruSArtha hai jisakA upadeza mahAvIra ne diyA hai| (za) jaMna dharma ko adhika prAcIna siddha karane kA prayatna nahIM karanA cAhiye / vartamAna tIrtha to mahAvIra ne pracalita kiyaa| usameM pArzva dharma kA bhI samanvaya kiyA gayA aura unheM bhI tIrthakara mAna liyA gyaa| phalataH aba pArzva ke dharma kA koI pRthak astitva nahIM rahA / vartamAna jaina dharma mahAvIra kI hI dena hai / (Sa) jana sampradAya jAtibheda nahIM maantaa| jinasenAcArya ke samaya se kucha digambara granthoM meM isakA samAharaNa huA hai| dakSiNa meM madhyayuga meM aneka jainetara saMskAra apanAne pdd'e| aba inako AvazyakatA nahIM hai| inheM aba prakSipta mAnanA cAhiye / (sa) jaina tIrthakara ko Izvara ke samAna guNavAlA mAnakara jainadharma kA mUla ho vikRta kara diyA gayA hai / unake kalyANakoM kI alaukikatA bhI prabhAvakatA kA poSaNamAtra hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se inakA kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| nirIzvaravAdI evaM prakRtivAdI jainadharma meM IzvaravAda kA parokSa rAjya vaijJAnika yuga meM usake gaurava ko hI kama karatA hai / aise vivaraNoM ko upekSaNIya mAna lenA cAhiye / (ha) jainoM kA mUla siddhAnta "yuktimat vacanaM yasya, tamya kAryaH parigrahaH" hai| isa AdhAra para jaina niSpakSa vicAraka hotA hai| usameM andhazraddhA kA honA eka kalaMka hai| ina dhAraNAoM ke samAharaNa evaM kriyAnvayana se jainoM ke mAnava-kalyANa kA kSetra vyApaka hogA aura eka naI udAra dRSTi prApta hogii| asatya jAnate hae bho purAnI bAtoM se cipake rahanA kamo svapara-kalyANaka uparokta naI dRSTi apanAne se janmanA jainadharma ke prati anurAga aura bddh'egaa| usakA pUrAnA vaibhava bhI prakAzita hotA rahegA aura naye yuga meM vaha sampradAya vihIna rUpa dhAraNa kara bhAratIya saMskRti kI ujjvalatA ko vizva meM prasArita kregaa|