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________________ jaina dharma, jaina-darzana tathA zramaNa saMskRti -DaoN. lakSmInArAyaNa dube jaina dharma kI gaNanA saMsAra ke pramukha, prabhAvapUrNa evaM pratiSThita dharmoM meM kI jAtI hai| jaina dharma aura jaina samAja ne eka svastha tathA praur3ha AcArasaMhitA kA nirmANa kiyA hai jise hama zramaNa-saMskRti ke nAma se abhihita karate haiN| isa saMskRti ke vizva kI saMskRti ko aneka maulika tathA abhinava pradeya haiM jo ki Aja kI mAnavatA ke lie atyanta upAdeya, mahanIya evaM tuSTidAyaka haiN| vAstava meM jaina dharma hindU dharma ke vyApakatva meM samAhita ho sakatA hai aura isa dharma evaM saMskRti kA nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNamUlyAMkana eka vizAla, vistIrNa evaM udAra mAnyatAoM se saMpRkta honA cAhie / jo mahAsAgara hai use mahAsAgara kI hI dRSTi se nirakhAparakhA jAnA cAhie aura use kisI bhI prakAra sarovara kI saMkIrNatA meM Abaddha athavA sImita nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| jaba koI dharma athavA saMskRti sampradAya yA sImAoM meM parimita hone lagatA hai to usake unmukta vikAsa evaM paripakva purogati meM avarodha utpanna hone lagatA hai aura vaha aneka prakAra kI viSamatAoM tathA vicAroM se galita hone lagatA hai| yahI dRSTi pragatizIlatA kI jananI hai| katipaya vidvAnoM kA aisA abhimata hai ki jaina dharma anAdi kAla se bhArata meM pracalita hai| vizva ke prAcIna dharmoM meM jaina dharma kA bhI sthAna hai| kucha paMDitoM kA mata hai ki saMsAra kA Adima mAnava jaina hI thA parantu isa dizA meM mata-matAntara milate haiN| jaina dharma ke Adima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva svAmI haiN| bhArata tathA Arya-saMskRti ke Adi evaM mUla grantha Rgveda tathA yajurveda meM RSabhadeva tathA neminAtha ke nAma Ate haiN| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki dravir3a jAti kI bhI koI prazAkhA jaina dharmAvalambinI rahI hai / jana-saMskRti ke itihAsavidoM kI yaha sammati hai ki sindhu sabhyatA ke prAcIna evaM mahAn dhvaMsAvazeSa mohanajodar3o tathA har3appA ke purAtatvIya utkhananoM se bhI jaina dharma kI purAtanatA pramANita hotI hai / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI ko jaina dharma ke antima tIrthakaroM ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI atyanta lokapriya tIrthakara hue aura bhAratIya itihAsa evaM saMskRti meM unako eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| bhAratIya itihAsa ne unako viziSTa rUpa meM apane kor3a meM suzobhita kiyA hai| unhoMne jaMna dharma ko lokadharma tathA zramaNa-saMskRti ko jaina-saMskRti ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA aura jaina-darzana ko katipaya navIna sUtra tathA tattva pradAna kie| jaina-darzana aura zramaNa saMskRti atIva garimA-maMDita, vaicArika evaM zreSTha saiddhAntika-vyAvahArika bhitti para sthita hai| jaina-saMskRti ko vaidika-saMskRti ke viruddha eka krAnti ke rUpa meM nirUpita, pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo cAra mahAn krAntiyAM huI, unameM jaina-bauddha dharma ke udbhava ko krAnti ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai| yaha dvitIya krAnti thii| vaidika dharma aura jaina dharma meM AdhArabhUta antara yaha hai ki jahAM vaidika saMskRti saMsAra ko sAdi tathA sAnta ke rUpa meM mAnatI hai vahAM jaina yA zramaNa saMskRti saMsAra ko anAdi tathA ananta ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| vastutaH jaina dharma, jaina darzana aura zramaNa saMskRti ke tIna pradhAna aura mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta athavA tattva haiM-ahiMsA, tapasyA aura anekAntavAda / ye tripurI haiM aura isI triveNI para zramaNa-saMskRti rUpI tIrtharAja prayAga basA huA hai| uparilikhita tIna siddhAntoM meM hI jaina darzana kA navInatama niSkarSa anusyUta hai| ina tIna tattvoM meM hI anya siddhAntoM ko parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA mUla maMtra hai ki prANImAtra ke prati samatA aura vizva ke samasta jIvoM ke prati dayA-samavedanA-sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA-kAmanA kA adhikAdhika prasaraNa-kriyAnvayana ho| bhAratIya saMskRti ke samAna zramaNa-saMskRti meM bhI bhautika tattva kI apekSA jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti . 105 -
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________________ Atma-tattva kI mahattA tathA prAdhAnya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti nivRtti pradhAna hai aura jaina dharma tapapradhAna karma hai / zramaNasaMskRti meM Atma-zuddhi ko jIvana kA pradhAna lakSya mAnA gayA hai aura isI hetu isa dharma meM tapasyA ko bar3I mahimA evaM pramukhatA prApta hai| jaina dharma aura zramaNa-saMskRti kI nIMva AdhyAtmikatA, tapasyA, tyAga, satya evaM vizva-prema, vizva-maitrI ke sUtroM se nirmita hai| prAyaH ye samasta tattva bhAratIya saMskRti meM sahajopalabdha haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti ke pAMca pradhAna mahAvrata haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / ahiMsA kA jaina dharma meM bar3A sammAna tathA guNagAna milatA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti meM ahiMsA ko atIva vyApaka rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / yadi hama ahiMsA ko jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA prANa kaheM to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| kisI bhI jIva kI mana. vacana aura kAyA se hiMsA na karane kA nAma hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke vyApaka dAyare meM dayA, sahiSNutA Adi ke mahAn guNa samAhita haiM / jaina-muniyoM aura santoM kA jIvana va AcaraNa ahiMsA kA sarvotkRSTa nidarzana hai| samUcA jaina-samAja ahiMsA ko vyAvahArika rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| asteya kA zAbdika artha hotA hai-corI na karanA / parantu isa tattva kA gUDhArtha athavA mUla mantavya yaha hai ki jo vastu apanI nahIM usa para Adhipatya sthApita nahIM karanA caahie| Aja kI sabhyatA se utpanna kaluSatA, ApAdhApI, daur3a-dhUpa, mRgatRSNA ke nirAkaraNa kA sarvottama upAya yA vidhi aparigraha hai / saMsAra ke sukhoM kA apanI icchA se tyAga kara denA, tRSNA se virakti aura aneka vastuoM ke saMgraha kA moha-tyAga hI vAstava meM aparigraha hai / asaMcaya hI aparigraha hai| satya jIvana kA sAra hai / satya hI jIvana hai aura jIvana hI satya hai| brahmacarya se zaktiyoM kA Asecana hotA hai aura hamArA mana ekonmukha hotA hai| kyA gRhastha aura kyA saMnyAsI, sAdha, yati-sabake lie brahmacarya kI upAdeyatA agAdha, amogha evaM aparihArya mAnI gaI hai| brahmacarya niSThA, sAdhanA tathA dhyAna-anviti kI maMjaSA hai| brahmacarya tattva ko mahAvIra svAmI ne jaina dharma ko pradAna kiyaa| zramaNa-saMskRti kI ragoM meM tapa kA zuddha, pavitra, nirmala aura bahumUlya rakta pravahamAna hai / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki uparyata mahAvratoM ko kArya rUpa meM pariNata karane kA sampUrNa zreya tapazcaryA ko hai / tapa hI mAnava ko dharma kI ora sollAsa unmukha karatA hai| jaina dharma meM do prakAra ke tapa mAne gaye haiM : (ka) bAhya tapa, (kha) AbhyaMtarika tapa / bAhya tapa ke antargata anazana, avamodarikA, bhikSAcaryA, rasa-parityAga, kAyA-kleza, saMlInatA Adi Ate haiN| Abhyantara tapoM meM prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vyutsarga Adi kI gaNanA hotI hai / jahAM bAhya tapa zarIra ke dRzyamAna padArthoM ko zuddha karatA hai vahAM Abhyantara tapa zarIra ke Antarika padArthoM tathA tattvoM ko vimala banAkara, hamAre antaHkaraNa ko zuci karatA hai| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki jaina saMskRti ke uparilikhita mahAvratoM kI hindU-saMskRti meM bhI vizeSa mahattA hai / upaniSadoM meM yaha tathya bArambAra ubhara kara AyA hai ki Izvara ne tapa ke bala se hI vizva kA nirmANa kiyA hai| upaniSadoM meM tapasyA para bar3A bala diyA gayA hai / jaina-saMskRti ke mUlabhUta darzana se gAMdhI-darzana sarvAdhika rUpa meM prabhAvita huaa| zramaNa-saMskRti meM samyaka darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ko mokSa ke tIna mArga ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / Adi kAla se hI zramaNa-saMskRti mAnava ko isa saccidAnanda mokSa kI ora bar3hane kI hI preraNA detI AI hai| ___anekAntavAda hI eka aisA upAdAna hai jo zramaNa-saMskRti kI maulikatA, pRthaktA tathA svayaMbhU sthiti ko siddha karane meM paryApta zakti rakhatA hai| anekAntavAda jaisA darzana-tattva anyatra sarvathA anupalabdha hai / ise jaina-darzana meM aneka nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| yathA-syAdvAda, apekSAvAda, saptabhaMgI Adi / anekAntavAda ko jainAgama ke jIva athavA bIja ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha jainadarzana kI mahAna vibhUti aura anirvacanIya upalabdhi hai| yaha vaicArika darzana satya kI amara-ajara zAzvata sthiti para saMsthita hai| yaha nizcaya vyavasthA kA sthApanakartA hai| samanvaya kI sthiti ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa ise aneka dharmAtmaka rUpa prApta haiN| syAt kA artha kadAcit hotA hai aura syAt donoM hI virodhI sthiti ko svIkAra karatA hai aura yaha mAnatA hai ki kadAcit yaha bhI ho sakatA hai, kadAcit yaha bhI ThIka hai aura kadAcit vaha bhI ho sakatA hai aura kadAcit vaha bhI ThIka hai / donoM hI sambhAvya sthitiyoM kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha bauddha darzana duHkhavAdI darzana hai / vaha saMsAra ko sadA kSaNika rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai| parantu sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra saMsAra sarvavA avinAzI aura nitya hai| bhAcAryaratna zrI vezabhUvana jo mahArAja mabhinandana anya
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________________ anekAntavAda saMdhi karAne vAlA aura sAmaMjasya karAne vAlA hai| vaha do vibhinna aura virodhI-vigAmI dRSTiyoM meM ekatA sthApita karatA hai| anekAntavAda do dRSTiyoM se tattva vyavasthA karatA hai| ve haiM(ka) dravya dRSTi-isake anusAra kisI bhI vastu kA nAza nahIM hotA aura vastu nitya hai| (kha) paryAya dRSTi-isake matAnusAra vastu anitya tathA parivartanazIla hai| ina donoM dRSTiyoM se Aja uparilikhita daSTAnta para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| paryAya-dRSTi se bauddha darzana sarvathA samucita hai| dravya kI dRSTi se sAMkhya darzana ThIka hai| paramANuoM kA nAza nahIM hotaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki pUrNa vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai / isa prakAra anekAntavAda kA darzana adbhuta zaktiyoM evaM parihAra-aMzoM se ApUrNa hai| Aja ke yuga aura saMsAra meM anekAntavAda kI mahatI upayogitA hai| saMsAra meM saMkIrNatA, sthAnIyatA, phirakAbAjI, kSetrIyatA, sAmpradAyikatA Adi kI pravRttiyAM panapa rahI haiN| una sabakI acaka davA anekAntavAda hai| vizva meM dharma ke nAma para hone vAle bhayAnaka raktapAtoM kI rAmabANa auSadhi anekAntavAda meM sarala rUpa meM khojI jA sakatI hai / anekAntavAda saMsAra ko zAnti tathA prema kA pavitra saMdeza detA hai| jainoM kA syAdvAda hI mahAn vaijJAnika AiMsTIna kA sApekSavAda hai| jainoM kA paramANuvAda Aja ke vijJAna dvArA sarvathA sampuSTa hai| isa prakAra jaina-darzana kI aneka mAnyatAeM Aja ke vijJAna dvArA samathita-pratipAdita ho rahI haiM jinase spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma, jaina darzana aura zramaNa saMskRti vaijJAnika, saMtulita aura yugAnukUla haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti kA sthAyI aura aitihAsika mahattva hai / isa saMskRti ne vaidika dharma aura saMskRti meM mAnya karmakANDa, yajJa-anuSThAnoM ke bAhulya, pazubali tathA ADambara kA virodha kiyaa| Ajakala vizva ke ubalate hue vAtAvaraNa meM zramaNa-saMskRti zItala suhAvanI jala-vRSTi ke samAna hai| usake aneka siddhAnta aura avayava samUcI mAnavatA ke lie varadAna ke sadaza haiN| eka prakAra se jaina-saMskRti aura jaina dharma mAnava saMskRti tathA mAnavadharma ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa Ate haiN| jaina-dharma aura zramaNa-saMskRti meM ve saba gaNa, viziSTatAeM aura mahAnatAeM haiM jo ki eka mAnava saMskRti meM honI cAhie / cAhe koI vyakti jaina ho athavA jaina na ho, parantu vaha Adarza dharmaniSTha aura naitika AcaraNazIla hone ke lie jainasiddhAntoM ko svayameva svIkAra kara legaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina na hone para bhI hama AcaraNa, kartavya tathA mAnyatAoM meM jana hI rahate haiM, isalie jaina dharma mAnava dharma ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa pratiSThita hai| jaina zabda 'jina' dhAtu se vyatpanna hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai indriyoM para saMyama rakhane vaalaa| isa dRSTikoNa se yadi hama mAnava-ciMtana kareM to hameM yaha vidita hotA hai ki jo bhI vyakti apanI indriyoM para saMyama-niyaMtraNa-niyamana rakhatA ho vaha jaina hai-yaha AvazyakatA nahIM ki use jaina honA hI caahie| isa daSTi se hI jaina saMskRti ko baDI mahattA tathA vyApaka gaurava prApta ho jAtA hai| isI dRSTi se jaina dharma ke AcAryoM aura jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko vicAra karanA cAhie aura samAja ke anya vyaktiyoM ke sAtha AcaraNavyavahAra karanA caahie| isase rASTrIya ekatA tathA bhAvanAtmaka samanvayIkaraNa kI abhIpsita-vAMchita bhAvanAe~ prabala, prabuddha tathA jAgrata ho sakeMgI aura hama sAmpradAyika sadbhAva kA Adarza rUpa upasthita karane meM samartha-sakSama ho skeNge| videzoM meM jana-dharma aura bauddha-dharma ke prati bar3A sammAna aura AkarSaNa bar3ha gayA hai| amerikA ke 'bITanika' Aja jainAcaraNa karata hue dikhAyI par3a rahe haiN| ahiMsA aura anekAntavAda pAzcAtya dezoM ke aneka vAtyAcakroM aura bhautika saMgharSoM kI sudhA siddha ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA kI vyApakatA jainadharma kI ahiMsA, ahiMsA kA carama rUpa hai / jainadharma ke anusAra manuSya, pazu, pakSI. kIr3e, makor3e, Adi ke atirikta pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, aura vanaspati meM bhI jIva haiN| miTTI ke Dhele meM kIr3e, Adi jIva to haiM hI, parantu miTTI kA DhelA svayaM pRthvI kAyika jIvoM ke zarIra kA piMDa hai| isI taraha jala bindu meM yantroM ke dvArA dikhane vAle aneka jIvoM ke atirikta vaha svayaM jala-kAyika jIvoM ke zarIra kA piMDa hai| eha bAta agnikAya, Adi ke viSayoM meM bhI samajhanI caahie| isa prakAra kA kucha vivecana pArasiyoM kI dharma pustaka 'AvestA' meM bhI milatA hai| jaise hamAre yahAM pratikramaNa kA rivAja hai usI taraha unake yahAM bhI pazcAtApa kI kriyA karane kA rivAja hai| usa kriyA meM jo maMtra bole jAte haiM unameM se kucha kA bhAvArtha isa taraha hai-"dhAtu upadhAtu ke sAtha jo maiMne durvyavahAra (aparAdha) kiyA ho usakA maiM pazcAttApa karatA hN|" "jamIna ke sAtha maiMne jo aparAdha kiyA ho usakA maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" "pAnI athavA pAnI ke anya bhedoM ke sAtha jo maine aparAdha kiyA ho usakA maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" "vRkSa aura vRkSa ke anya bhedoM ke sAtha jo maiMne aparAdha kiyA ho usakA meM pazcAtApa karatA huuN| mahatAba, AphatAba, jalatI agni, Adi ke sAtha jo maiMne aparAdha kiyA ho maiM usakA pazcAttApa karatA hai|" pArasiyoM kA vivecana jainadharma ke pratikramaNa-pATha se milatA julatA hai jo ki pArasI dharma ke upara jainadharma ke prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| svAmI rAmabhakta ke lekha 'jainadharma meM ahiMsA' se sAbhAra varNI- abhinandana-grantha pR0 saM0124-25 baina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 107