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________________ jainadharma-darzana kA sAratattva' jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa -- jina ke dvArA pravartitadharma jainadharma kahA jAtA hai aura jo apanI indriyoM, vAsanAoM aura icchAoM para vijaya pA letA hai, vaha jina hai| jainadharma kA eka prAcIna nAma nirgrantha dharma bhI hai| azoka Adi ke atiprAcIna zilAlekhoM meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha milatA hai| nirgrantha zabda kA artha hai jisake hRdaya meM chala-kapaTa, rAga-dveSa, ahaMkAra, lobha Adi kI koI gA~Tha nahIM hai aura jo Antarika aura bAhya parigraha se mukta hai, vahI nirgrantha hai| jainadharma ko Arhata dharma bhI kahate haiM / arhata zabda kA artha hai jisane rAga-dveSa para vijaya prApta kara lI hai aura jo apanI AdhyAtmika pavitratA ke kAraNa jagata kA vandanIya bana gayA, vaha arhat hai aura usakA upAsaka Arhata | jahA~ vaidikadharma meM yajJa-yAga aura karmakANDa para vizeSa bala diyA gayA vahI zramaNadharma, vizeSa rUpa se jainadharma meM tapa, tyAga va vairAgya para adhika bala diyA gyaa| ataH vaidikadharma ko pravRtti mUlaka aura zramaNadharma ko nivRtti mUlakadharma bhI kahate haiM / nivRtti mUlakadharma kA mukhya prayojana hotA hai, sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukti hetu saMnyAsa ke mArga kA anusaraNa krnaa| isa prakAra jainadharma saMnyAsa pradhAna yA vairAgya pradhAna dharma hai| hai mAnava vyaktitva meM do tattva pAye jAte haiM 1. vAsanA aura 2. viveka / manuSya meM vAsanAoM kI upasthiti use daihika AvazyakatAoM evaM icchAoM kI pUrti kI ora arthAt bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi kI ora prerita karatI hai| jabaki viveka yaha batAtA hai| ki icchAe~ ananta haiM, unakI pUrNa saMtuSTi kabhI bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie zAnti ke icchuka manuSya ko icchAoM kI saMtuSTi kI dizA meM na bhAgakara icchAoM kA saMyama karanA cAhie / icchAoM evaM vAsanAoM ke saMyama kI yahI bAta saMnyAsa mUlaka jainadharma kI utpatti kA AdhAra 1 - pro. sAgaramala jaina -- yaha prazna bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki jainadharma kA prArambha kaba se huaa| isake prathama pravaktA kauna haiM ? jaina paramparA ke anusAra isa kAla-cakra meM jainadharma kI sthApanA bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kii| RSabhadeva ke ullekha Rgveda evaM purANa sAhitya meM bhI hai| ataH jainadharma saMsAra kA eka ati prAcIna dharma hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra isa kAlacaka meM saMnyAsa mUlaka dharma kA prathama upadeza bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne diyA thaa| zrImadbhAgavat meM bhI RSabhadeva ko * AkAzavANI dehalI se maI-jUna 1993 meM prasArita vArtA
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana saMnyAsa dharma arthAt paramahaMsa mArga kA prarvataka kahA jAtA hai| RSabhadeva se pUrva mAnava samAja pUrNataH prakRti para Azrita thaa| kAla-krama meM jaba manuSyoM kI janasaMkhyA meM vRddhi aura prAkRtika saMsAdhana meM kamI hone se manuSyoM meM saMcaya vRtti kA vikAsa huA to striyoM, pazuoM aura khAdya padArthoM ko lekara eka-dUsare se chInA-jhapaTI hone lgii| aisI sthiti meM RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama samAja-vyavasthA evaM zAsana- vyavasthA kI nIMva DAlI tathA kRSi evaM zilpa ke dvArA apane hI zrama se apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanA sikhaayaa| kintu manuSya kI bar3hatI huI bhogAkAMkSA evaM saMcaya vRtti ke kAraNa vaiyaktika jIvana evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM jo azAMti evaM viSamatA AyI usakA samAdhAna nahI ho skaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki bhoga sAmagrI kI pracuratA bhI manuSya kI AkAMkSA va tRSNA ko samApta karane meM samartha nahIM hai| yadi vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti evaM samatA sthApita karanI hai, to manuSya ko tyAga evaM saMyama ke mArga kI zikSA denI hogii| unhoMne svayaM parivAra evaM rAjya kA tyAga karake vairAgya kA mArga apanAyA aura logoM ko tyAga evaM vairAgya kI zikSA denA prArambha kiyaa| basa yahI jainadharma kI utpatti kI kahAnI hai| Age calakara RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM kramazaH anya 23 tIrthakara hue| unameM 22ve ariSTanemi, 23veM pArzvanAtha evaM 24veM bhagavAna mahAvIra hue| 22veM tIrthakara ariSTanemi bhagavAna kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the aura unhoMne ahiMsA para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyaa| apane vivAha ke avasara para vaivAhika bhoja hetu ekatrita pazu-pakSiyoM kI cItkAra sunakara unhoMne na kevala unheM mukta karavAyA apitu vaivAhika jIvana se mukha mor3akara tapa-sAdhanA kA mArga apanAyA aura jJAna prApta kiyA tathA ahiMsA aura saMyama kA upadeza diyaa| unhoMne kahA -- "dhammo maMgalamukkiLaM ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM namasaMti je dhamme sayA mno||" arthAt ahiMsA, saMyama va tapa rUpI dharma hI sarvotkRSTa maMgala hai| jisakA mana sadaiva isa dharma meM lagA rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha vArANasI meM utpanna hue the, inhoMne tapa-sAdhanA meM jo AtmapIDana evaM parapIDana kI pravRtti vikasita ho rahI thI, usakA virodha kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki aisA tapa jisase dUsare prANiyoM ko kaSTa hotA ho aura apane tapasvI hone ke ahaMkAra kI puSTi ho aura jo laukika icchAoM kI pUrti ke liye kiyA jAtA ho, ucita nahIM hai, tapa kA prayojana to Atmazuddhi honA caahiye| ataH vivekapUrNa ahiMsaka tapa hI zreSTha hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI hue| mahAvIra ne indriya saMyama ke sAtha-sAtha unmacarya evaM aparigrana kI sAdhanA para adhika bala diyaa| unhoMne pAva ke cArtuvAma dharma meM brahamacarya ko jor3akara ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra svAmI kA vizeSa bala AcAra- zuddhi aura vyavahAra- zuddhi para thaa| unhoMne kahA ki -- AcAro prathamodharmaH arthAt AcAra hI prathama dharma hai| vyAvahArika jIvana hetu
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina unhoMne ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha para vizeSa bala diyaa| duHkha aura duHkha-vimukti mahAzramaNa mahAvIra ke cintana kA mUla srota jIvana kI duHkhamayatA kA bodha hI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ve kahate haiM -- jamma dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM rogA ya maraNANi y| aho dukkho hu saMsAro jatya kIsanti jntvo|| janma duHkhamaya hai, vRddhAvasthA bhI duHkhamaya hai, roga aura mRtyu bhI duHkhamaya hai, adhika kyA yaha sampUrNa sAMsArika astitva hI duHkha rupa hai| saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA ke isI bodha se duHkha ke kAraNa kI khoja evaM duHkha vimukti ( mokSa yA nirvANa) ke cintana kA vikAsa huA hai| jaina cintakoM ne yaha mAnA ki sAMsArikatA meM sukha nahI hai| jise hama sukha mAna lete haiM, vaha ThIka usI prakAra kA hai jisa prakAra khujalI kI bImArI se pIDita vyakti khAja ko khajAne meM sukha mAna letA hai, vastutaH vana sukha bhI duHkha spa hI hai| saMsAra meM dhanI-nirdhana, zAsita-zAsaka sabhI to duHkhI haiN| kahA hai -- dhana vinA nirdhana duHkhI, tRSNAvaza dhanavAna / kabahu na sukha yA saMsAra meM, saba jaga dekhyo chaan|| saMsAra ke ina duHkhoM ko hama do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| eka to bhautika dukha, jo prAkRtika vipadAoM aura bAhya tathyoM ke kAraNa hote haiM aura dUsare mAnasika duHkha jo manuSya kI AkAMkSAoM va tRSNAoM se janma lete haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM ina samasta bhautika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kA mUla vyakti kI bhogAsakti hI hai| manuSya apanI kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA ina duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA prayatna to karatA hai, kintu vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM karatA jisase duHkha prasphuTita hotA hai kyoMki vaha bAhara na hokara hamArI cittavRtti meM hotA hai| saMyama (brahmacarya) aura saMtoSa (aparigraha ) ke atirikta manuSya kI tRSNA ko samApta karane kA koI upAya nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki bAhya padArthoM se icchAoM kI pUrti kA prayAsa vaisA hI hai jaise ghRta DAlakara agni ko zAnta krnaa| vaha to usase zAnta na hokara adhika prajjvalita hI hotI hai| yaha to zAkhAoM ko kATakara jar3oM ko pAnI dene ke samAna hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki -- suvaNNa-ruyyarasa u pavvayA bhave siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci icchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA / / cAre gvarNa va rajata ke kailAza ke samAna asaMkhya parvata kyoM na khar3e kara diye jAya kinnu ve manuSya kI tRSNA ko pUrNa karane meM samartha nahIM haiM, kyoMki icchA to AkAza ke sAmAna ananta hai| samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa bhogAkAMkSA, tRSNA yA mamatva buddhi hI hai| kintu isa bhogAkAkSA kI samApti kA upAya icchAoM kI pUrti nahIM hai, apitu saMyama evaM nirAkAMkSatA hI hai| yadi hama ,
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana vyakti ko mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM tanAvoM se tathA mAnava jAti ko hiMsA evaM zoSaNa se mukta karanA cAhate haiM to hameM apane ko saMyama evaM saMtoSa kI dizA meM mor3anA hogaa| bhogavAdI sukhoM kI lAlasA meM daur3atA hai aura usakI upalabdhi hetu corI, zoSaNa evaM saMgraha jaisI sAmAjika burAiyoM ko janma detA hai| mahAvIra ke anusAra bhogavAdI jIvanadRSTi icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM ko janma dekara hamAre vaiyaktika jIvana meM tanAvoM evaM vikSobhoM ko utpanna karatI hai| jisase hamArA caitasika samatva bhaMga hotA hai| vaha sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgraha evaM zoSaNa kI vRtti ko janma dekara sAmAjika viSamatA kA kAraNa banatI hai| isIlie mahAvIra ne yaha nirdeza diyA ki padArthoM kI ora bhAgane kI apekSA Atmonmukha bano, kyoMki jo padArtha - apekSI yA parApekSI hotA hai vaha paratantra hotA hai, kintu jo AtmApekSI hotA hai vaha svatantra hotA hai / yadi tuma vastutaH tanAva mukta honA cAhate ho tathA vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM zAnti cAhate ho to, Atmakendrita bano, kyoMki jo parAzrita yA para kendrita hotA hai, vaha duHkhI hotA hai aura jo svAzrita yA svakendrita hotA hai, sukhI hotA hai| Atura pratyAkhyAna nAmaka jainagrantha meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta sAMsArika upalabdhiyA~ saMyogajanya hai / inheM apanA mAnane yA ina para mamatva rakhane se prANI duHkha paramparA ko prApta hotA hai| ataH ina sAMyogika upalabdhiyoM ke prati mamatva vRtti kA visarjana kara denA caahie| yahI duHkha vimukti kA eka mAtra upAya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~-jahA~ mamatva hai, vahA~ vahA~ duHkha hai| icchAoM kI pUrti se duHkha-vimuktikA prayAsa ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise chalanI ko jala se bharane kA pryaas| hama bAhya jagat meM rasa lene ke lie jaise hI usameM apanA AropaNa karate haiM, vaise hI eka prakAra kA dvaita prakaTa ho jAtA hai, jisameM hama apanepana kA AropaNa karate haiM, Asakti rakhate haiM, vaha hamAre lie 'sva' bana jAtA hai aura usase bhinna yA virodhI 'para' bana jAtA hai| AtmA kI samatva ke kendra se yaha cyuti hI use ina 'sva' aura 'para' ke do vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta detI hai| inheM hama kramazaH rAga aura dveSa kahate haiN| rAga AkarSaNa kA siddhAnta hai aura deza vikarpaNa kA apanA-parAyA, rAga-dveSa athavA AkarSaNa - vikarSaNa ke kAraNa hamArI cetanA meM sadaiva hI tanAva, saMgharSa athavA dvandva banA rahatA hai, yadyapi cetanA yA AtmA apanI svAbhAvika zakti ke dvArA sadaiva sAmyAvasthA yA saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa karatI rahatI hai| lekina rAga evaM dveSa kisI bhI sthAyI santulana kI avasthA ko sambhava nahIM hone dete| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana meM rAga-dveSa se Upara uThanA samyak jIvana kI anivArya zarta mAnI gaI hai| mamatva va rAga-dveSa kI upasthiti hI mAnavIya pIr3A kA mUla kAraNa hai| yadi manuSya ko mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti pAnA hai to isake lie nirmamatva yA anAsakti kI sAdhanA hI eka mAtra vikalpa hai| 4 AtmA kA bandhana aura mukti jainadharma ke anusAra yaha saMsAra duHkhamaya hai ataH ina sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukta honA hI vyakti kA mukhya prayojana honA caahie| manuSya meM upasthita rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hI usakA vAstavika bandhana hai aura yahI duHkha hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra manuSya jaba rAga-dveSa athavA krodha, mAna Adi kyAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara koI bhI zArIrika, vAcika yA mAnasika pravRtti karatA hai
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 5 to usake pariNAmasvarUpa karma paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai, jise ve Asava kahate haiN| jaba cittavRtti meM kodhAdi kaSAya vidyamAna ho tathA zarIra evaM indriyoM kI pravRtti asaMyamita ho to usake pariNAmasvarUpa karma kA bandha hotA hai yA karma saMskAra banate haiN| pratyeka karma saMskAra kAla - krama meM apanA vipAka yA phala detA hai aura isa prakAra karma aura vipAka kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai| isa tathya ko hama aise bhI samajhA sakate haiM ki jaba vyakti dveSa Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara krodha karatA hai to usameM krodha ke saMskAra banate haiN| samaya-samaya para krodha ke ina saMskAroM kI abhivyakti hone se krodha usakI jIvana zailI kA hI aMga bana jAtA hai aura yahI usakA bandhana hai| jainadharma ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA meM jo ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta zakti rahI huI hai, vaha ina karma saMskAroM ke kAraNa kuMThita ho jAtI hai| Atmika zakti kA kuMThita honA hI bandhana hai| karma kA yaha bandhana ATha prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai, 1. jo karma AtmA kI jJAnAtmaka zakti ko kuMThita karate haiM ve jJAnAvaraNa kahalAte haiM, 2. jinake dvArA AtmA kI anubhUti sAmarthya sImita hotI hai use darzanAvaraNa kahate haiM, 3. jisake dvArA sukha - duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, ve vedanIya karma hai, 4. jina karma saMskAroM ke kAraNa vyakti kA dRSTikoNa evaM cAritra dUSita ho use mohanIya karma kahA gayA hai| 5. jo karma hamAre vyaktitva yA caittasika evaM zArIrika saMracanA ke kAraNa hote haiM unheM nAmakarma kahate haiM, 6. jina karmoM ke kAraNa vyakti ko anukUla va pratikUla pariveza upalabdha hotI hai, vaha gotrakarma hai, 7. isI prakAra jo karma eka zarIra vizeSa meM hamArI Ayu maryAdA ko nizcita karatA hai, use AyuSyakarma kahate hai| 8. anta meM jisa karma dvArA hameM prApta hone vAlI upalabdhiyoM meM bAdhA ho vaha antarAyakarma hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ina karmoM ke vaza hokara prANI saMsAra meM janma-maraNa karatA hai aura sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti karatA hai / jainadharma kA prayojana AtmA ko isa karma-mala se mukta kara vizuddha banAnA hai| isake lie saMvara kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra jisa kamare kI khir3akiyA~ khulI hoM usameM dhUla ke Agamana ko nahIM rokA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra jaba AtmA kI indriyAM rUpI khir3akiyA~ khulI hoM usameM karma raja rUpI mala ke Agamana ko rokA nahI jA sakatA hai| ataH Atmavizuddhi ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ina indriyarUpI khir3akiyoM ko banda kareM arthAt indriyoM kA saMyama kreN| jainadharma meM indriya saMyama kA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki indriyoM kI pravRtti hI na hone dI jaaye| mahAvIrasvAmI ne kahA thA ki indriyoM evaM unake viSayoM kI upasthiti kI dazA meM indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka na ho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| saMyama kA tAtparya hai ina aindrika viSayoM kI anubhUti kI dazA meM hamArA citta rAga-dveSa kI vRtti se AkAnna na ho / satat abhyAsa dvArA jaba aindrika anubhUtiyoM meM citta anAsakta rahanA sIkha jAtA hai to saMyama kI sAdhanA saphala hotI hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina jaba taka citta meM purAne karma- mala upasthita hai taba taka AdhyAtmika vizuddhi sambhava gaa| isake lie jainadharma meM nirjarA kI bAta kahI gayI hai| nirjarA kA artha hai karma-mala ko alaga kara denA yA jhADa denaa| AtmA para lage karma- mala ko alaga karane kA prayatna hI nirjarA hai| jisa prakAra kamare kI saphAI ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki pahale to hama kamare kI khir3akiyoM banda kara deM tAki bAhara se dhUla na Aye, kintu pUrva kI upasthita dhUla yA mala kI saphAI ke lie kamare ko jhAr3anA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| usI prakAra AtmA meM jo gaMdagI hai use dUra karane ke lie nirjarA Avazyaka hai| jainadharma ke anusAra nirjarA ke dvArA hI AtmA ke pUrva saMcita karma- mala kA zodhana saMmbhava hai| nirjarA kA dUsarA nAma 'tapa-sAdhanA hai| kahA gayA hai ki tapa ke dvArA AtmA karor3oM bhavoM ke pUrva saMcita karmoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| jisa prakAra zuddha ghI ko prApta karane ke lie hameM makkhana ko kisI bartana meM rakhakara tapAnA / usI prakAra AtmA kI zuddhi ke liye use bhI zarIra rUpI bhAjana ke dvArA tapAnA hotA hai| jainadharma meM tapasyA kA matalaba zarIra ko kaSTa denA nahIM apitu zarIra ke prati rAgAtmakatA yA mamatva buddhi ko dUra karanA hai| isIliye AtmA kI dehArAkti ko tor3ane kA jo prayatna hai vahI tapasyA hai| yaha satya hai ki sabhI durAcaraNoM kA mUla kAraNa vyakti kI mamatA yA Asakti hai, isa Arakti meM bhI devAsakti sabase ghanIbhUta hotI hai| ise samApta karane ke lie hI jainadharma meM anazana Adi bAhya tapoM aura svAdhyAya Adi Antarika tapoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaba tapasyA dvArA AtmA kI Asakti aura karmamala samApta ho jAtA hai to AtmA kI ananta jJAna Adi kSamatAe~ prakaTa ho jAtI hai| Asakti aura karma- mala kA kSaya hokara AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA pUrNa prakaTana hI jainadharma meM mukti thA nirvANa hai| ise hI paramAtmadazA kI prApti bhI kahate haiN| jaba AtmA karma-mala se rahita hokara pUrNa nirmamatva aura nirAvaraNa avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai aura apane Atma svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai, to vahI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| AtmA ko paramAtmA kI avasthA taka pahu~cAnA hI jaina sAdhanA kA mUla prayojana hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA AtmA kI vibhAvadazA arthAt usakI viSaya-vAsanAoM meM Asakti yA rAgabhAva hI usakA bandhana hai, apane isa rAgabhAva, Asakti yA mamatA ko tor3ane kA jo prayAsa hai, vaha sAdhanA hai aura usa Asakti, mamatva yA rAgabhAva kA TUTa jAnA hI mukti hai, yahI AtmA kA paramAtmA bana jAnA hai| jaina sAdhakoM ne AtmA kI tIna avasthAeM mAnI haiM --- 1. bahirAtmA 2. antarAtmA aura 3. prmaatmaa| santa Anandaghana jI kahate haiM -- vividha sakala tanudhara gata AtamA, bahirAtama adha rUpa sujnyaanii| bIjo antara AtamA tIsaro paramAtama aviccheda sujnyaanii||
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 7 viSaya-bhogoM meM ulajhA huA AtmA bahirAtmA hai| saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM meM udAsIna sAdhaka antarAtmA hai aura jisane apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kara liyA hai, jo viSaya-vikAra se rahita ananta catuSTaya se yukta hokara jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM sthita hai, vaha paramAtmA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara kahA gayA hai- 'appA so paramappA' 1 AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| pratyeka prANI, pratyeka cetanasattA paramAtma svarUpa hai 1 moha aura mamatA ke kohare meM hamArA vaha paramAtma svarUpa chupa gayA hai| jaise bAdaloM ke AvaraNa meM sUrya kA prakAzapuMja chipa jAtA hai aura andhakAra ghira jAtA hai, usI prakAra moha-mamatA aura rAga-dve rUpI AvaraNa se AtmA kA ananta Ananda svarUpa tirohita ho jAtA hai aura jIva duHkha aura pIr3A se bhara jAtA hai t AtmA aura paramAtmA meM svarUpataH koI bheda nahIM hai| dhAna aura cAvala eka hI hai, antara mAtra itanA hai ki eka AvaraNa sahita hai aura dUsarA niraavrnn| isI prakAra AtmA aura paramAtmA eka hI hai, pharka kevala karma rUpa AvaraNa kA hai| jisa prakAra dhAna ke sumadhura bhAta kA AsvAdana tabhI prApta ho sakatA hai jaba usakA chilakA utAra diyA jAve, usI prakAra apane hI paramAtma svarUpa kI anubhUti tabhI sambhava hai, jaba hama apanI cetanA se moha-mamatA aura rAga-dveSa kI khola ko utAra phekeM / chilake sahita dhAna ke samAna moha-mamatA kI khola meM jakar3I huI cetanA baddhAtmA hai aura chilake - rahita zuddha zubhra cAvala ke rUpa meM nirAvaraNa zuddha cetanA paramAtmA hai| kahA hai. ---- siddhA jaiso jIva hai, jIva soya siddha hoya / karma maila kA AMtarA, bUjhe biralA koya / / moha-mamatA rUpI parade ko haTAkara usa pAra rahe hue apane hI paramAtma svarUpa kA darzana sambhava hai| hameM prayatna paramAtmA ko pAne kA nahIM, isa parade ko haTAne kA karanA hai, paramAtmA to upasthita hai hI / hamArI galatI yahI hai ki hama paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta karanA to cAhate haiM, kintu isa AvaraNa ko haTAne kA prayAsa nahIM krte| hamAre prayatnoM kI dizA yadi sahI ho to apane meM hI nihita paramAtmA kA darzana dUra nahIM hai| hamArA durbhAgya to yahI hai ki Aja svAmI hI dAsa banA huA hai| hameM apanI hastI kA ahasAsa hI nahIM hai| kisI urdU zAyara ne ThIka hI kahA hai - insA kI arait aMdAja se bAhara hai / kamabakhta khudA hokara baMdA najara AtA hai|| jainadharma meM paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA eka Adarza puruSa ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| paramAtmA
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana na to kisI ko mukti detA hai aura na daNDa hii| paramAtmA kI stuti kA prayojana mAtra apane zuddha svarUpa kA bodha karanA hai| jainadarzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue upAdhyAya devacandrajI likhate haiM : aja-kula-gata kezarI lahare, nija pada siMha nihaar| tima prabhu bhakti bhavI lahere, Atama zakti sNbhaar|| jisa prakAra aja kula meM pAlita siMhazAvaka vAstavika siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka paramAtmA ke guNakIrtana yA stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI zodha kara letA hai, svayaM meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko prakaTa kara letA hai| jaina sAdhanA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAna kI stuti prasupta antazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai aura hamAre sAmane sAdhanA ke Adarza kA eka jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha usa Adarza kI prApti ke lie preraNA bhI banatI hai| phira bhI jaina mAnyatA to yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayaM pApa se mukta hone kA prayatna na karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti kI prArthanA karanA jaina-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai| aisI vivekazUnya prArthanAoM ne mAnava jAti ko saba prakAra se hIna, dIna evaM parApakSI banAyA hai| jaba manuSya kisI aise uddhAraka meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai, jo usakI stuti se prasanna hokara use pApa se ubAra legA to aisI niSThA se sadAcAra kI mAnyatAoM ko gaharA dhakkA lagatA hai| jaina vicArakoM kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala paramAtmA kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki manuSya svayaM usake lie prayAsa na kre| mukti yA paramAtma dazA kI prApti ke liye sAdhanA apekSita hai| trividha sAdhanAmArga jainadarzana meM mokSa kI prApti ke lie trividha sAdhanAmArga batAyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM samyak-jJAna, samyak-darzana aura samyak-cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasatra meM samyak-jJAna, samyak-darzana, samyak-cAritra aura samyak-tapa aise caturvidha mokSamArga kA bhI vidhAna hai, kintu jaina AcAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAvacAritra meM karake isa trividha sAdhanA mArga ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| kucha bhAratIya vidyArakoM ne isa trividha sAdhanAmArga ke kisI eka hI pakSa ko mokSa kI prApti kA sAdhana mAna liyA hai| AcArya zaMkara mAtra jJAna se aura rAmAnuja mAtra bhakti se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate hai| lekina jaina dArzanika aisI kisI ekAntavAditA meM nahIM girate hai| unake anusAra to jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI samaveta sAdhanA hI mokSa kI prApti kA mArga hai| inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayanapatra ke anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotA hai aura samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM mukti bhI nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra mukti kI prApti ke lie tInoM hI aMgoM kA honA Avazyaka hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina samyak darzana jaina paramparA meM samyak darzana Atma-sAkSAtkAra, tattvazraddhA, antarbodha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA aura bhakti Adi aneka arthoM ko apane meM sameTe hue haiN| samyak darzana ko cAhe yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tattvArtha zraddhA, usameM vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se adhika antara nahIM hotA hai / antara hotA hai unakI upalabdhi kI vidhi meM eka vaijJAnika svataH prayoga ke AdhAra para kisI satya kA udghATana kara vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, kintu dUsarA vaijJAnikoM ke kathanoM para vizvAsa karake vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| yadyapi yahA~ donoM kA hI dRSTikoNa yathArtha hogA, phira bhI eka ne svAnubhUti se pAyA hai to dUsare ne use zraddhA ke mAdhyama se / zraddhA hI samyakdRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha antima nahIM hai, antima artha svAnubhUti hI hai aura yahI samyak darzana kA vAstavika artha hai| aisA samyagdarzana hotA hai nirvikAra, nirAkula cittavRti se / -- jainadharma meM samyak - darzana ke nimnaM pA~ca lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM 1. sama arthAt samabhAva, 2. saMvega arthAt AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhUti athavA satyAbhIpsA, 3. nirveda arthAt anAsakti yA vairAgya, 4. anukampA arthAt dUsare vyakti kI pIr3A ko Atmavat samajhanA aura usake prati karuNA kA bhAva rakhanA aura 5 Astikya arthAt puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karma - siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA / 9 ---- jisa prakAra bauddha-sAdhanA ke anusAra duHkha hai, duHkha kA kAraNa hai, duHkha se nivRtti ho sakatI hai aura duHkhanivRtti kA mArga hai ina cAra Arya satyoM kI svIkRti samyagdRSTi hai, usI prakAra jaina-sAdhanA ke anusAra paT sthAnakoM (chaha bAtoM) kI svIkRti samyagdarzana hai - ( 1 ) AtmA hai, ( 2 ) AtmA nitya hai, (3) AtmA apane karmoM kA karttA hai, (4) AtmA kRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai, (5) AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai aura ( 6 ) mukti kA upAya (mArga) hai| jaina tattva - vicAraNA ke anusAra ina SaTsthAnakoM para dRr3ha pratIti, samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai / dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhatA evaM sadAcAra donoM hI ina para nirbhara hai, ye SaTsthAnaka jaina-sAdhanA ke kendra bindu haiM / / -- 11 samyaka jJAna dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi para hI jJAna kI samyaktA nirbhara karatI hai| ataH jaina sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai samyak jJAna / samyak jJAna ko mukti kA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, lekina kauna sA jJAna mukti ke lie Avazyaka hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| jainadarzana meM samyak jJAna ke do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se samyak jJAna vastutattva kA usake ananta pahaluoM se yukta jJAna hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vicAra zuddhi kA mAdhyama hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ekAMgIjJAna mithyAtva hai kyoMki vaha satya ke ananta pakSoM kA apalApa karatA hai| jaba taka Agraha buddhi hai taba taka vItarAgatA sambhava hI nahIM hai aura jaba taka vItarAga dRSTi nahIM hai taba taka yathArtha jJAna bhI asambhava hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra satya ke ananta pahaluoM ko jAnane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi samyak jJAna kI anivArya zarta hai| ekAnta dRSTi yA vaicArika Agraha apane meM nihita rAga ke kAraNa satya ko raMgIna kara detA hai| ataH ekAnta aura Agraha satya ke
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana sAkSAtkAra meM bAdhaka haiN| jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vItarAgatA ko upalabdha karane ke lie vaicArika Agraha kA parityAga aura anAgrahI dRSTi kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai aura isake mAdhyama se prApta jJAna hI samyak jJAna hai| samyAjJAna kA artha hai vastu ko usake ananta pahaluoM se jaannaa| jainadharma meM samyaka-jJAna kA artha Atma-anAtma kA viveka bhI hai| yaha sahI hai ki Atmatattva ko jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, use jJAtA-jJeya ke dvaita ke AdhAra para nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha svayaM jJAna-svarUpa hai, jJAtA hai aura jJAtA kabhI jJeya nahIM bana sakatA, ataH AtmajJAna duruha hai| lekina anAtma tattva to aisA hai jise hama jJAtA aura zeya ke dvaita ke AdhAra para jAna sakate haiN| sAmAnya vyakti bhI apane sAdhAraNa jJAna ke dvArA itanA to jAna hI sakatA hai ki usake jJAna ke viSaya kyA hai ? aura isase vaha yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakatA hai ki jo usake jJAna ke viSaya hai, ve usake svasvarUpa nahIM haiM, ve anAtma hai| samyagjJAna Atma-jJAna hai, kintu AtmA ko anAtma ke mAdhyama se hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| anAtma ke svaspa ko jAnakara anAtma se Atma kA bheda karanA yahI bheda vijJAna hai aura yahI jainadarzana meM samyak jJAna kA mUla artha hai| jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM ise bheda- vijJAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya amRtacandra suri ke anusAra jo koI siddha hai ve isa Atma-anAtma ke viveka yA bheda-vijJAna se hI siddha hue hai aura jo bandhana meM haiM, ve isake abhAva ke kAraNa hI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM isa bheda vijJAna kA atyanta gahana vivecana kiyA hai| samyaka-cAritra -- jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA kA tIsarA caraNa samyaka-dhAritra hai| isake do rUpa mAne gae hai 1. vyavahAracAritra aura 2.nizcayacAritra / AcaraNa kA bAhya pakSa yA AcaraNa ke vidhi-vidhAna vyavahAracAritra kahe jAte haiN| jabaki AcaraNa kI antarAtmA nizcayaghAritra kahI jAtI hai| vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prazna hai, nizcayAtmakacAritra hI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai| lekina jahA~ taka sAmAjika jIvana kA prazna hai, cAritra kA bAhya pakSa hI pramukha hai| nizcaya dRSTi (Real view point) se cArina kA saccA artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi haiN| vastutaH cAritra kA yaha pakSa Atma-ramaNa kI sthiti hai| naizcayika cAritra kA prAdurbhAva kevala apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM hone vAle sabhI kArya zuddha hI mAne gae haiN| cetanA meM jaba rAga-dvepa, kaSAya aura vAsanAoM kI agni pUrI taraha zAnta ho jAtI hai tabhI sacce naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA udbhava hotA hai aura aisA hI sadAcAra mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| vyavahAracAritra kA sambandha AdhAra ke niyamoM ke paripAlana se hai| vyavahAracAritra ko sarvavratI aura dezavratIcAritra -- aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| dezavatIcAritra kA sambandha gRhastha upAsakoM se aura sarvavatIcAritra kA sambandha zramaNa varga se hai| jaina-paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra ke antargata aSTamUlaguNa, paTkarma, bAraha vrata aura gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana AtA hai| zramaNAcAra ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, rAtri bhojana-niSedha, paMcagamiti, tIna gupti, dasa yatidharma, bAraha anuprekSAe~, bAIsa parIpana, aTThAisa mUlaguNa, bAvana anAcAra Adi kA vivecana
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina upalabdha hai| kintu isa sabake mUla meM ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA hI mukhya hai / jainadharma ke kendrIya tattva : ahiMsA, anAgraha aura aparigraha jainadharma meM samyak cAritra kI dRSTi se ahiMsA aura anAsakti ye do kendrIya siddhAnta haiM / vaicArika kSetra meM ahiMsA aura anAsakti milakara anAgraha yA anekAntavAda ko janma dete hai / Agraha vaicArika Asakti hai aura ekAnta vaicArika hiMsA / anAsakti kA siddhAnta hI ahiMsA se samanvita ho sAmAjika jIvana meM aparigraha kA Adeza prastuta karatA hai / saMgraha vaiyaktika jIvana ke sandarbha meM Asakti aura sAmAjika jIvana ke sandarbha meM hiMsA hai / isa prakAra jainadarzana sAmAjika naitikatA ke tIna kendrIya siddhAnta prastuta karatA hai: - 1. ahiMsA, 2. anAgraha ( vaicArika sahiSNutA ) aura 3 aparigraha (asaMgraha ) | samyak AcaraNa eka prakAra se jIvana zuddhi kA prayAsa hai, ataH mAnasika karmoM kI zuddhi ke lie anAsakti ( aparigraha ), vAcika karmoM kI zuddhi ke lie anekAnta ( anAgraha ) aura kAyika karmoM kI zuddhi ke lie ahiMsA ke pAlana kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana kA sAra inhIM tIna siddhAntoM meM nihita hai| jainadharma kI paribhASA karane vAlA yaha zloka sarvAdhika pracalita hI hai- 11 syAdvAdo vartate'smin pakSapAto na vidyate / nAstyanyaM pIr3anaM kiMcita jainadharmaH sa ucyate / / saccA jaina vahI hai jo pakSapAta (samatva) se rahita hai, anAgrahI aura ahiMsaka hai| ahiMsA ahiMsA jaina AcAra-darzana kA prANa hai| ahiMsA vaha dhurI hai jisa para samagra jaina AcAra - vidhi ghUmatI hai| jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA ko bhagavatI kahA gayA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhayabhItoM ko jaise zaraNa, pakSiyoM ko jaise gagana, tRSitoM ko jaise jala, bhUkhoM ko jaise bhojana, samudra ke madhya jaise jahAja, rogiyoM ko jaise auSadha aura vana meM jaise sArthavAha kA sAtha AdhArabhUta hai, vaise hI ahiMsA prANiyoM ke lie AdhArabhUta hai| ahiMsA sabhI prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai| vaha zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA upadeza tIrthaMkara karate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke sabhI arhat yaha upadeza karate haiM ki kisI bhI prANa, pUta, jIva aura sattva ko kisI prakAra kA paritApa, udvega yA duHkha nahIM denA cAhie, na kisI kA hanana karanA caahie| yahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai / samasta loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara arhatoM ne isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke anusAra jJAnI hone kA sAra yaha hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kare / ahiMsA hI samagra dharma kA sAra hai, ise sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA caahie| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM ke hita sAdhana meM ahiMsA ke sarvazreSTha hone se mahAvIra ne isako prathama sthAna diyA hai| ahiMsA ke samAna dUsarA dharma nahIM hai| -- AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIvipA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai /
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| vastutaH ahiMsA jIvana ke prati sammAna, samatvabhAva evaM advaitabhAva hai| samatvabhAva se sahAnubhUti tathA advaitabhAva se AtmIyatA utpanna hotI hai aura inhIM se ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai| vastutaH prANiyoM ke jIvita rahane kA naitika adhikAra hI ahiMsA ke kartavya ko janma detA hai| jIvana ke adhikAra kA sammAna hI ahiMsA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samatva ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhaya aura vaira se mukta sAdhaka, jIvana kI icchA rakhane vAle sabhI prANiyoM ko sarvatra apanI AtmA ke samAna jAna kara unakI kabhI bhI hiMsA na kre| isa prakAra jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA AdhAra Atmavat dRSTi hI hai| Aja vizva zAnti kA eka mAtra vikalpa ahiMsA kI samaveta sAdhanA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA-- 'zastra eka se bar3ha kara eka ho sakate hai, kintu ahiMsA { azastra ) se bar3hakara kucha nahIM hai|' anAgraha -- anAgraha yA anekAnta kA siddhAnta vaicArika ahiMsA hai| anAgraha apane vicAroM kI taraha dUsare ke vicAroM kA sammAna karanA sikhAtA hai| vaha usa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai ki satya mere pAsa hai, dUsare ke pAsa nahIM ho sktaa| vaha hameM yaha batAtA hai ki satya hamAre pAsa bhI ho sakatA hai aura dUsare ke pAsa bhii| satyatA kA bodha hameM hI ho sakatA hai, kevala dUsaro ko satya kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA -- yaha kahane kA hameM adhikAra nahIM hai| satya kA sUrya na kevala hamAre ghara ko prakAzita karatA he varan dUsaroM ke gharoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| vastutaH vaha sarvatra prakAzita hai| jo bhI unmukta dRSTi se use dekha pAtA hai, vaha use pA jAtA hai| satya kevala satya hai, vaha na merA hai aura na dUsare kA hai| jisa prakAra ahiMsA kA siddhAnta kahatA hai ki jIvana jahA~ kahIM ho, usakA sammAna karanA cAhie, usI prakAra anAgraha kA siddhAnta kahatA hai ki satya jahA~ bhI ho, usakA sammAna karanA caahie| vastutaH pakSAgraha kI dhAraNA se vivAda kA janma hotA hai| vyakti jaba sva-mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI ninda karatA hai, to pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgharSa kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| vaicArika Agraha na kevala vaiyaktika vikAsa ko kuNThita karatA hai, varan sAmAjika jIvana meM vigraha, viSAda aura vaimanasya ke bIja bo detA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jo apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare mata kI nindA karane meM hI apanA pANDitya dikhAte haiM aura loka ko satya se bhaTakAte haiM, ve ekAntavAdI svayaM saMsAracakra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| vastutaH jahA~ bhI Agrahabuddhi hogI, vipakSa meM nihita satya kA darzana sambhava nahIM hogA aura jo vipakSa meM nihita satya nahIM dekhegA vaha sampUrNa satya kA draSTA nahIM hogaa| jainadharma ke anusAra satya kA prakaTana Agraha meM nahIM, anAgraha meM hotA hai| satya kA sAdhaka vItarAga aura anAgrahI hotA hai| jainadharma apane anekAnta ke siddhAnta ke dvArA eka anAgrahI evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTi prastuta karatA hai, tAki vaicArika evaM dhArmika asahiSNutA ko samApta kiyA jA ske| anAsakti -- vyakti ke andara nihita Asakti do rUpoM meM prakaTa hotI hai -- 1. saMgraha-bhAvanA aura 2. bhog-bhaavnaa| saMgraha-bhAvanA aura bhoga-bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 13 manuSya dUsaroM ke adhikAra kI vastuoM kA apaharaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra Asakti bAhayataH tIna rUpoM meM prakaTa hotI hai -- 1. apaharaNa (zoSaNa), 2. bhoga aura 3. saMgraha / Asakti ke tIna rUpoM kA nigraha karane ke lie jaina AcAradarzana meM asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai| saMgraha-vRtti kA aparigraha se, bhogavRtti kA brahmacarya se aura apaharaNavRtti kA asteya mahAvata se nigraha hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jisa aparigraha ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA, usake mUla meM yahI anAsakti kI jIvana dRSTi kArya kara rahI hai| yadyapi Asakti eka mAnasika tathya hai, mana kI hI eka vRtti hai, tathApi usakA prakaTana bAhya hai| vaha sAmAjika jIvana ko dUSita karatI hai| ataH Asakti ke prahANa ke lie vyAvahArika rUpa meM parigraha kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai| parigraha yA saMgrahavRtti sAmAjika hiMsA hai| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM samagra parigraha hiMsA se pratyutpanna hai| kyoMki binA hiMsA (zoSaNa ) ke saMgraha asambhava hai| vyakti saMgraha ke dvArA dUsaroM ke hitoM kA hanana karatA hai aura isa rUpa meM saMgraha yA parigraha hiMsA kA hI eka rUpa hai| anAsakti ko jIvana meM utArane ke lie jaina AcAryoM ne yaha Avazyaka mAnA ki manuSya bAya-parigraha kA bhI tyAga yA parisImana kre| parigraha-tyAga anAsakta dRSTi kA bAhya jIvana meM diyA gayA pramANa hai| eka ora vipula saMgraha aura dUsarI ora anAsakti, ina donoM meM koI mela nahIM hai| yadi mana meM anAsakti kI bhAvanA kA udaya hai to use bAhaya vyavahAra meM anivArya spa se prakaTa honA caahie| jainadarzana ke anusAra samavibhAga aura samavitaraNa sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai| isake binA AdhyAtmika upalabdhi bhI saMbhava nhiiN| ataH jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanA kI dRSTi se aparigraha ko anivArya eka tattva mAnA hai| isa prakAra vRtti meM anAsakti, vicAra meM anekAnta aura vyavahAra meM ahiMsA jaina sAdhanA kA sAra haiN| jaina sAdhaka sadaiva hI yaha prArthanA karatA hai -- satveSu maitrI, guNISu pramoda, kliSTesu jIveSu kRpAparatvaM / mAdhyasthamAvaM vIparItavRtau sadAmamAtmA viddhAtu dev|| he prabhu ! mere hRdaya meM prANi mAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva, guNIjanoM ke prati samAdarabhAva, duHkhiyoM ke prati karuNAbhAva aura virodhiyoM ke pratimadhyastha bhAva banA rhe| - pro. sAgaramala jaina