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________________ jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM (a) bhArata kI AdhyAtmika virAsata svAmI prabhavAnaMda (anu0) ga0 karuNA jaina, bambaI jaina aura jainadharma zabda saMskRta kI 'ji' ( jItanA) dhAtu se vyutpanna hai / jaina vaha hai jo anaMtajJAna, anaMtasukha aura anaMtavIrya pradAna karane vAlI parama vizuddhatA kI prApti meM bAdhaka tatvoM ko jItane meM vizvAsa karatA hai / yahI to bhArata ke anya dharmoM kI zikSA hai / yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma vaidika dharma ke samAna hI prAcIna hai / isa yuga meM vardhamAna mahAvIra ( parama AdhyAtmika guru ) kA nAma jainadharma ke sAtha ekIkRta ho gayA hai| lekina ye jainoM ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko zreNI ke antima mahApuruSa the| mahAvIra aura buddha kI samakAlInatA tathA ahiMsA siddhAnta ke mahatva ke kAraNa prAraMbha meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki jainadharma buddhadharma kI zAkhA hai| lekina vAstava meM ye donoM dharma bhinna-bhinna hai tathA inakA vikAsa samAnAntara rUpa meM huA hai / mahAvIra isa dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM hai, ve ( vartamAna ) caubIsI meM aMtima the / unake do sau varSa tIrthaMkara pArvanAtha hue haiM / ye bhI aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| paraMparA ke anusAra, jainadharma anAdi hai| isake siddhAntoM kA kramika udghATana tIthaMkaroM ne kiyA thaa| isakA brahmAMDa vijJAna anya bhAratIya vicAradhArAoM ke samAnAntara hai kyoMki vaha pragati ( utsarpiNI ) aura avanati (avasarpiNI) ke brahmAMDI cakroM kI zreNI mAnatA hai| vartamAna yuga avasarpiNI cakra meM cala rahA hai| isa avasarpiNo cakra meM caubIsa tIrthakara samaya-samaya para avatarita hue hai / inameM bhagavAn RSabha prathama the aura mahAvIra aMtima the / phalataH isa avasarpiNIkAla meM RSabha jainadharma ke prathama udghATaka the / inakA nAma Rgveda meM AtA hai / inako kahAnI viSNu aura bhAgavata purANoM meM kahI gaI hai / ina granthoM meM inheM mahAsanta batAyA gayA hai / inake antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA janma IsApUrva chaThavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM ( Adhunika ) paTanA se 32 kimI0 dUra vaizAlI ke pAsa basAr3ha gA~va meM huA thaa| inake mAtA-pitA kSatriya the| unakA vivAha huA thA aura unako eka putrI thii| bacapana se hI ve jijJAsu aura vicAramagna rahate the| aTThAIsa varSa kI umra meM unhoMne saMsAra tyAga diyaa| bAraha varSa kaThora tapasyA aura dhyAna ke uparAnta unheM pUrNa jJAna (kevala) prApta huaa| unhoMne jaina siddhAntoM kA tIsa varSa taka pracAra kiyA aura anta meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| mahAvIra kI jIvanI buddha ke samAna hai| yaha kisI bhI dharma ke pracAra ke liye Avazyaka vyaktivAdI tatva jaina dharma ke lie bhI prastuta karatI hai| mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko lokapriya bnaayaa| isase jaina dharma ke pracAra meM bar3A yogadAna milaa| unhoMne samAja ko gRhastha aura sAdhuoM kI do zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA / anta meM unhoMne apane dharma ke dvAra, jAti yA liMga ke vicAra ke binA, sabhI logoM ke lie khola diye / ' svAmI prabhavAnanda, sthiricuala herITeja Ava iNDiyA, rAmakRSNa maTha, madrAsa-4, 1973 peja 155 /
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________________ 30 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa jaina dharma ke mukhya siddhAnta sabhI jaina sampradAyoM meM samAna haiN| IsavI sadI ke prArambha hote hote jaina digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM ba~Ta gye| isakA kAraNa sAdhuoM ke jIvana aura AcAra ke niyamoM se sambandhita kucha matabheda the| isameM mukhya yaha hai ki digambara zarIra kI cetanA se rahita hokara nirvastra yA nagna rahate the jaba ki zvetAmbara zveta vastra pahanate the / aMga, pUrva aura prakaraNa grantha inake pramukha dharma grantha haiN| uttaravartI kAla meM bhI saMskRta aura prAkRta meM aneka dharma grantha likhe gye| inameM jaina dharma aura darzana kI vyAkhyAyeM haiN| bhArata meM lagabhaga pandraha lAkha jaina hai / ve zAntipriya haiM / unakA hinduoM se koI TakarAva nahIM hai / phalataH sAmAnyajana unheM hindU hI mAnate haiM / jaina dharma kA lakSya jaina dharma vizva ke Adi kartA ko nahIM maantaa| yaha vizva ke Adi aura anta ko avicArita aura asaMgata mAnatA hai| vizva meM vidyamAna cetana aura acetana padArtha anAdi aura ananta haiN| brahmANDa kI prakRti kI vyAkhyA ke lie daivavAda kA Azraya Avazyaka nahIM haiN| sraSTi kA bAhya astitva hI usakI svatantra sattA ke liye paryApta hai| Izvara-kartRtva samarthaka tarkoM meM jainoM ko anavasthA doSa dikhatA hai / jainoM ke lie sraSTikartRtva kI koI samasyA hI nahIM hai| isake adhyAtmavAda meM na hI Izvara kA sthAna hai aura na hI vizva ke AdimAna hone kI kalpanA hai / phira bhI, yaha pratyeka AtmA kI pUrNatA aura ananta zakti meM vizvAsa karatA hai / yaha pUrNa AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / isakI hama pUjA aura arcA karate hai| pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA hai| isa mAnyatA ke kAraNa hI jaina dharma anIzvaravAdI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha AtmA kI ananta zakti evaM usako prApta karane kI kSamatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| jainoM kA kathana hai ki rAga-dveSAdi kaSAyoM ko damita karane se karma-bandha TUTa jAtA hai| isase AtmA meM parama pavitratA AtI hai| isase usameM ananta jJAna, sukha aura vIrya prakaTa hote haiM aura vaha paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| isa kSamatA ke kAraNa bhUtakAla meM aneka paramAtmA ho gaye haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hote raheMge / eka zraddhAlu jaina kI prArthanA nimna rahatI hai: mokSamArgasya netAraM, mettAraM karmabhUbhRtAM / sAtAraM vizvatatvAnAM, vaMde tadguNalabdhaye // isa tathya se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jaina mAnavI Izvara meM vizvAsa karate haiN| yaha dhAraNA hinduoM ke avatAroM yA IsAiyoM ke Izvaraputra se kAphI bhinna hai / unakI pUjA kA mukhya uddezya paramAtmA bananA hai / . jainoM meM jIvoM kI aneka koTiyAM hotI haiN| jinhoMne ananta catuSTaya prApta kara nirvANa prApta kara liyA hai, ve uccatama koTi ke jIva haiN-siddhprmesstthii| isake bAda ahaMta Ate haiN| inhoMne kevala jJAna prApta kara liyA hai| ye mAnavatA kI sevA karanA cAhate haiM / dayAlu aura snehI hote haiN| ye nirvANa prApta karane taka dharmopadeza dete haiM / ye vibhinna yugoM meM mAnava ke hita ke liye avatarita hote hai / inake atirikta anya tIna koTiyoM meM (AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdha) zikSaka yA upadezaka hote haiN| inhoMne zarIra aura AtmA ke bheda jJAna kA kicit anubhava kara liyA hai| jIvoM kI ina pAMcoM hI zreNiyoM kA carama lakSya ananta catuSTaya ke vibhinna caraNa prApta karanA hai| jIvana kA sarvottama vikAsa siddha parameSThiyoM meM hotA hai| ve parama nirapekSa, nirvikAra, vItarAMga aura vItakarma hote haiN| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se, mokSa karmabaMdha tathA punarjanma se mukti pAne kI carama sthiti hai / anya bhAratIya vicAradhArAoM ke anusAra, jaina dharma bhI karmavAda aura punarjanma mAnatA hai| para jaina karma ko bhautika padArtha mAnate haiM jo
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________________ 2] jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 31 AtmA ke sAtha jur3a kara use sarAgI saMsAra meM bA~dha detA hai / yadyapi karma bhautika hai, para yaha itanA sUkSma hai ki indriyagrAhya nahIM hai| isI karma ke kAraNa jIva anAdi bhUta se vartamAna taka saMsAra meM banA huA hai / phalataH yadyapi karmabandha anAdi hai, para ise samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA to mukta aura zaktivAn hai| AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva prApta hote hI karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| vedAntI bhI avidyA yA ajJAna ko anAdi aura sAnta mAnate haiN| AtmA aura karma kA bandha kisI vAhya kAraNa se nahIM hotaa| yaha to kama se hI hotA hai| jaba AtmA vAhya jagata ke samparka meM AtA hai, usameM rAga-dveSa kI icchAoM ke samAna aneka manovaijJAnika Avega utpanna hote haiM / ye AtmA ke sahaja lakSaNoM ko DhaMka dete haiM aura kamaMpravAha ko prerita karate haiN| bAda meM yaha use pariveSThita kara letA hai / AtmA meM sUkSma karmoM ke pravAha ko Asrava kahate haiN| yaha janoM kA eka viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai / yaha karmabandha kA pahalA caraNa hai| isakA dUsarA caraNa karmabandha svataH hai, jise bandha kahate haiN| isameM karma ke aNu AtmA ke kArmANa zarIra kA nirmANa karate haiN| isase AtmA karma-pUrita ho jAtA hai| jIva kA bhautika zarIra mRtyu ke sAtha samApta ho jAtA hai, para kArmANa zarIra banA rahatA hai| yaha kArmANa zarIra hinduoM ke sUkSma zarIra kA samarUpa hai| yaha bhI nirvANa-prApti ke pUrva taka rahatA hai| saMvara yA saMyama se karma se mukti hotI hai| saMyama ke abhyAsa se naye karmoM kA Asrava ruka jAtA hai| isase naitika tathA AdhyAtmika anuzAsana kI preraNA milatI hai| yaha pUrva karmoM ko nirjharita karatA hai| nirjarA ke samaya punarjanma samApta ho jAtA hai aura prAthamika mukti prApta hotI hai| pUrNa mukti ke liye do caraNa bahuta Avazyaka hai| prathama caraNa arhata pada kI prApti hai| isameM karma-mukta jJAnI jIva saMsAra meM banA rahatA hai, vaha vItarAgI hokara mAnavatA kI sakriya rUpa meM sevA karatA hai / yaha hinduoM kI jIvanmukta dazA kA pratirUpa hai / dvitIya caraNa meM jIva saMsAra chor3a detA hai / isa dazA meM yaha akarma rahatA hai, pUrNa rahatA hai / isa dazA ko siddha dazA kahate haiN| yaha ananta jJAna aura zAnti kA nilaya hai| mokSa-prApti ke upAya mokSa samyak darzana, samyak jJAna evaM sammak cAritra kI triratnI se prApta hotA hai / IsAiyoM kI vizvAsa, upadeza evaM pravRtti kI trayI isI kA eka rUpa hai| ye tInoM hI eka ikAI haiN| samyak darzana jainoM ke upadezoM meM dRr3ha vizvAsa kA pratIka hai| samyak jJAna jaina siddhAntoM kA samucita parijJAna hai| samyak cAritra jaina siddhAntoM ke anurUpa jIvana yApana kI vyAvahArika vidhi hai| inameM samyak darzana naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana mUlyoM kI AdhAra zilA hai| isake liye ajJAna, aMdhavizvAsa yA mUr3hatAoM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai / pavitra nadiyoM meM snAna karanA, kAlpanika devatAoM kI pUjA tathA aneka prakAra ke yajJa yAgAdi karanA Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| inake sAtha hI, samyak darzana ke liye nirabhimAnatA bhI Avazyaka hai / samyak darzana se samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra svataH sphUrta hote haiM / ___ samyak cAritra meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye pA~ca brata samAhita hote haiN| jaba ye sImArahita hote haiM, taba mahAbrata kahalAte haiN| inakA pAlana sAdhu karate haiN| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM sAdhu jana ke AcAra meM antara mAnA gayA hai| anya bhAratIya paddhatiyoM ke samAna hI, jaina dharma meM bhI manuSya janma ko Atma-pUrNatA kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| svarga ke deva aura deviyoM ko bhI, mokSa prApti ke liye, manuSya janma lenA anivArya hai / isIliye manuSya yoni meM janma lenA puNyAzIrvAda mAnA jAtA hai|| I0 DablU. hopakinsa ne Izvara virodha, mAnava pUjana aura jIva saMrakSaNa ke jaina siddhAntoM para apanI pustaka meM vyaMgya kiyA hai| isa prakAra to kisI bhI dharma ke viSaya meM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharma ne parAbrahmANDIya eva 9
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________________ 32 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sarvavyApI vyaktitva kA niSedha kiyA hai lekina yaha amara Atma ravaM paramAtmazakti ko mAnatA hai| yaha pUrNa divya puruSoM, santoM, mahApuruSoM ko mAnyatA detA hai| mahAtmA IsA bhI isI koTi ke santa haiM / jainoM kA ahiMsA siddhAnta sabhI jIvoM para lAgU hotA hai / yaha IsA ke daza upadezoM meM se eka hai / pazcima meM ise paryApta apUrNatA ke sAtha hI mAnA jAtA hai / sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM ke anusAra, jaina dharma bhI svayaM ko sarvocca dharma nahIM maantaa| isake anusAra, anya dharma vAle bhI mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| kisI bhI eka siddhAnta meM pUrNatA nahIM A sakatI, ataH hameM eka-dUsare ke matoM ke prati sahiSNu bananA caahiye| jaina tattva vidyA __ jainoM ke jIvana se sambandhita dRSTikoNa meM ho jaina tattva vidyA kA kaThina viSaya samAhita hotA hai| isake anusAra, saMsAra ke vastu tattva-dravya anAdi aura ananta hai, unameM utsAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya kI trayI yugapat hotI hai / rAna apanA sthAyitva evaM vyaktitva banAye rakhatA hai| guNa aura paryAyoM ke parivartana ke daurAna bhI usakI sattA amiTa rahatI hai| sone ke aneka AbhUSaNa banate rahate haiM, para sonA sonA hI banA rahatA hai / eka paryAya naSTa hotI hai, dUsarI utpanna hotI hai, para mUla tattva yathAvat banA rahatA hai| padArtha aura usake guNa eka dUsare se pRthak nahIM ho sakate / yadyapi dRSTA ke mana meM inake viSaya meM vibhedaka jJAna hai, phira bhI ye eka dUsare ke binA nahIM raha skte| ise hI bheda-abheda vAda kahate haiN| yaha nyAya-vaizeSika mata ke vipayasi meM hai / yaha inameM bheda mAnatA hai / jainoM ke anusAra, brahmAMDa kI saMracanA meM chaha anAdi aura ananta dravya haiM / jIva, ajIva, dharma (gati-mAdhyama), adharma (sthiti mAdhyama) aura AkAza nAmaka prathama pA~ca dravyoM ko astikAya kahate haiN| inake aneka pradeza (avagAhanA) hote hai| inameM eka-vimI kAla ko jor3ane para jainoM ke jar3a-cetana jagata meM chaha dravya mAne gaye haiN| ye dravya do koTiyoM meM Ate hai-jIva (cetana) aura ajIva (acetana) / inameM cetanA ke astitva va abhAva ke kAraNa bheda hotA hai / jIva jIvana aura cetanA se sambandhita hai| cetanA bhautika guNa nahIM hai, yaha to AtmA kA svalakSaNa hai / yaha padArtha-nirapekSa guNa hai| vastutaH AkAza ke usa pAra AtmA svatantrarUpa meM raha sakatA hai| AtmAyeM ananta hai, anAdi hai| saMsAra meM janma aura mRtyu AtmA ke guNa nahIM hai| ye karma-bandha kI dazA kI paryAyeM hai| isa jar3a-cetana jagata meM varma-bandha ke kAraNa hI jIva zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| isa zarIra kA mApa zarIradhArI ke anurUpa hotA hai| isa vizva meM cAra prakAra ke jIvAtmA hote hai-pahale svargoM meM rahanevAle deva hote hai| vikAsa ke krama meM ye mAnava se uccatara hote haiN| phira bhI, ye sa-zarIrI hote haiN| inakA bhI janma-maraNa hotA hai| svarga aise sthAna mAne gaye hai jahA~ manuSya janma lekara apane zubha karmoM ke phaloM kA Ananda lete haiN| devoM ko nirvANa prApti ke liye manuSya janma lenA hI par3atA hai| jIvoM kI dUsarI zreNI manuSyoM kI hai| isake bAda tiryacoM kI zreNI (pazu aura vanaspati) AtI hai / cauthI zreNI ke jIva nArakI kahalAte haiM / ye brahmAMDa ke nicale bhAga meM rahate haiM / hama naraka aura svarga kI nizcita sthiti nahIM batA sakate / lekina jaina aura hindU yaha mAnate haiM ki manuSya mRtyu ke bAda ina sthAnoM meM janma letA hai / zubha karmI manuSya devagati meM tathA azubha karmI naraka gati meM janma lete haiM / Ayu pUrNa hone para ve punaH martyaloka meM Ate haiM / cAroM zreNiyoM ke jIva apane vartamAna yA vigata jIvana meM kiye gaye karmoM ke anusAra sukhI yA duHkhI hote hai / ve apane sahaja svabhAva ke ajJAna se janma aura mRtyu ke cakra meM rahate hai|
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________________ 2] jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 33 karma bandha se mukta hone para manuSya mokSa pAtA hai / janma-maraNa ke cakra se chUTa jAtA hai| vaha vItarAgI hokara ananta catuSTaya se paripUrNa rahatA hai / mokSa prApta karanevAle zuddha jIva ko siddha kahate haiM / isake viparyAsa meM, anya sabhI jIva saMsArI aura sazarIrI hote haiN| ve karma-sahacarita hote haiN| inakA vargIkaraNa jJAnendriyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| nimnatama stara ke jIvoM meM kevala eka jJAnendriya hotI hai / ye jIva vRkSa, paudhe Adi vanaspatiyoM ke rUpa meM hote haiN| inameM sparzana indriya hotI hai| ye sUkSma koTi ke bhI hote haiM aura vanaspatiyoM se kucha uccatara zreNI ke hote hai| ye pRthvI, jala, agni evaM vAyu meM hote haiN| ina sUkSma jIvoM kI mAnyatA ke isa siddhAnta kI prAyaH sarvAtmavAda ke rUpa meM mithyA vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai / isake anusAra, pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu svayaM sajIva hote haiM / isa mithyA vyAkhyA ke liye koI vAstavika AdhAra nahIM hai / kRmi kula vanaspatiyoM se uccatara koTi kA hotA hai / inake sparza aura rasanaye do indriyA~ hotI haiN| cIMTI cauthI zreNI ko nirUpita karatI hai| isameM sparzana, rasana aura ghrANa-tIna indriyAM hotI hai / isI zreNI kI madhumakkhI meM cAra indriyA~ hotI haiN| uccatara jIvoM meM pA~ca indriyA~ hotI hai / jIvoM ko sarvocca zreNI para manuSya AtA hai jisameM pAMca indriyoM ke atirikta mastiSka yA mana bhI hotA hai / yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jIvoM kI indriyoM yA zarIra usake jIva-guNa nahIM haiN| jIvaguNa to kevala cetanA hai / nimna zreNI ke jIvoM meM yaha guNa suSupta rahatA hai / uccatara zreNiyoM ke jIvoM meM vikasita hote hue yaha zuddhAtmAoM meM pUrNa abhivyakti pAtA hai| yaha vizva jIva aura ajIvoM kA samudAya hai| ajIva akriya evaM acetana hotA hai / mUla ajIva bhI anAdi aura ananta hai| yaha pudgala, dharma (gati mAdhyama), adharma (sthiti mAdhyama), AkAza aura kAla ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA hai| inameM pudgala bhautika hai, kAla apradezI hai, anya sabhI amUrta hai / / pudgala yA padArthoM meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, zabda Adi indriya gocara guNa pAye jAte hai / yaha jJAtA jIva se svatantrarUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha vizva kA bhautika AdhAra hai| yaha paramANuoM se banA hotA hai / paramANu niravayavI, Adi-madhyAnta rahita, anAdi, ananta evaM carama hotA hai / yaha pudgala kA alpatama AdhAra hai, anAkAra hai| do yA adhika paramANuoM ke saMyoga ko skandha kahate hai / vizva ko mahAskandha kahate haiN| prAthamika paramANuoM meM koI bheda nahIM hotA, para aneka vividha saMyogoM se bhinna-bhinna padArtha banate haiN| isa AdhAra para jaina tatva vidyA ke paramANu nyAya-vaizeSikoM se bhinna hai / ye utane paramANu mAnate haiM jitane mUla tatva hote hai-pRthvo, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza / paramANuoM ke saMyoga, viyoga evaM kriyAyeM amUrta AkAza, dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke udAsIna kAraNa se hote haiN| AkAza ananta hai evaM vAstavika hai / yaha svayaM ko tathA anya dravyoM ko avagAhita karatA hai / dharma aura adharma dravya jaina darzana kI viziSTa mAnyatA hai / gati aura sthiti jIva aura pudgaloM meM hI pAI jAtI hai| ye donoM bhI, kSamatA hone para bhI, ina dravyoM ke kAraNa hI vizva meM vyApta rahate haiN| ye dravya udAsIna kAraNa hote hae bhI gati evaM sthiti ke liye anivArya hai| dharma ke liye jala meM machalI kI gati kA aura adharma ke liye pakSI kI sthiti kA udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| donoM hI dravya vizva ke vyavasthita saMghaTana ke liye Avazyaka mAne gaye haiN| kAla dravya bhI eka vAstavikatA hai| yaha apradezI haiN| yaha vikAsa aura pratyAvartana, utpAda aura lie anivArya hai / ye prakriyAyeM vizva-jIvana kI mUla haiN| kAla ke binA ina prakriyAoM ke viSaya meM socA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| jIva aura uparokta pAMca ajIva dravya milakara jaina tatva vidyA ke chaha dravya hote haiN| jaina tatvoM aura padArthoM ke vargIkaraNa kI samIkSA Avazyaka hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM sAta tatva, nau padArtha, chaha dravya aura dRSTikoNa tathA uddezya para AdhArita do anya tatvoM ( e0 cakravartI ) kA samAharaNa hai / isa jaTila viSaya ko sAraNI ke mAdhyama se samajhane meM saralatA hogii| |
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________________ - 34 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa tatva (carama) 2: jIva, ajIva dravya 6 : jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla (pAMca ajIva), inameM prathama pA~ca dravya astikAya kahe jAte haiM / kAla inape bhinna hai| tatva 7: jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa padArtha 9:jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, puNya, pApa janoM kA tarkazAsa evaM mAna kA simAnta jIva kI prakRti zuddha cetanarUpa hai, ataH usake anaMtajJAna bhI sahaja hai| lekina yaha jJAna kama-janita ajJAna se DhaMkA rahatA hai| karmoM ke prabhAva se jIvoM meM kevala sImita jJAna hotA hai| jaise-jaise karma-bandha kama hote jAte hai, anaMta jJAna rUpa sahaja svabhAva prakaTa hone lagatA hai| icchAyeM, rAga-dveSa, ahaMbhAva Adi jJAna ke bAdhaka hai / saMyama se samyaka jJAna prApta hotA hai| samyag jJAna kI prApti ke liye jJAna ke pAMca caraNa hote haiM, mati, zruti, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala / mati sAmAnya jJAna hai| isameM indriyajJAna, smRti va anumAna samAhita haiN| isameM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se jJAna hotA hai, ataH ise parokSa jJAna kahate hai| yaha pAribhASikatA pAzcAtya manovijJAna kI dhAraNA ke viparIta hai / isake anusAra, indriyoM (tathA mana) ke mAdhyama se prApta jJAna pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai| zruta jJAna zAstrajJAna hai| yaha bhI parokSa mAnA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna svayaM prApta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / avadhi jJAna atIndriya dRSTi evaM zravaNa ke manovaijJAnika sAmathyaM se prApta jJAna ko kahate hai / yaha jJAna indriyoM ke sAkSAt saMparka para nirbhara nahIM karatA, ataH ise pratyakSa jJAna kahate hai| manaHparyaya jJAna dUsaroM ke mana ko jAnane kI prakriyA hai| jaba manuSya ajJAna se pUrNataH mukta hokara zuddha caitanyamaya ho jAtA hai, taba jo pUrNajJAna hotA hai, use kevala jJAna kahate haiN| yaha jJAna pratyakSa aura tatkAla hotA hai| yaha indriya aura mana para nirbhara nahIM krtaa| yaha anubhavagamya hai| ise vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kevala jJAna upaniSadoM ke bhAvAtIta jJAna evaM bauddhoM ke nirvANa ke samakakSa hai| sAmAnya manuSya ko pAMca jJAnoM meM se prathama do-mati aura zruta hote hai| saMyamI aura jJAniyoM ko cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiM / lekina kevalajJAna to paramavizuddha caitanyayukta jIva ke hI saMbhava hai / jIva aura ajIva-donoM vAstavika haiN| apane astitva ke liye ye eka dUsare para nirbhara nahIM hai| vAhya padArthoM kA astitva jIvAdhIna nahIM hai| isa prakAra jainadharma ko bahutvavAdI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha jIva aura ajIva-donoM ko anAdi, anaMta, svAdhIna aura bahasaMkhyaka mAnatA hai| jaina tatvavidyA kA vivaraNa jaina nyAya ke usa siddhAnta ke nirUpaNa ke vinA adhUrA ho kahA jAyagA jisako pAzcAtya bhautikI ke sApekSatA siddhAnta kA pUrvarUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai / isake anusAra, eka ho vastu ke viSaya meM sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka nirUpaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| ise asti-nAstivAda kaha sakate hai| ise saptabhaMgA kahate haiN| isa mata kI parIkSA karane para isako AbhAsI visaMgati meM tarkasaMgatatA ke saketa milate haiM / kisI vastu ke viSaya meM sakArAtmaka nirUpaNa ke liye cAra dazAyeM Avazyaka hai-svagata dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva (prinnmn)| isI prakAra usake nakArAtmaka nirUpaNa meM bhI cAra dazAyeM Avazyaka hai-paradravya, parakSetra, para-kAla, para-bhAva / ise hama eka dRSTAnta se samajheM / yadi hama sone ke bane AbhUSaNa kA varNana karanA cAheM, to use nimnarUpoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai: (i) dravya yaha AbhUSaNa sone kA banA hai| yaha AbhUSaNa kisI anya dhAtu kA banA nahIM hai|
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________________ 2] jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 35 (ii) kSetra yaha AbhUSaNa vaksa meM rakhA hai| yaha AbhUSaNa AlamArI meM nahIM rakhA hai / ( if ) kAla sthiti yaha AbhUSaNa Aja banA hai| yaha AbhUSaNa kala nahIM banA thaa| ( iv ) bhAva pariNamana yaha AbhUSaNa gola hai| yaha AbhUSaNa AyatAkAra nahIM hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka nirUpaNa kiye jA sakate haiM / hA~, eka hI dRSTikoNa se aisA karanA asaMgata hogA / yaha siddhAnta avAstavika vastu para lAgU nahIM hotaa| jainadharma ke anusAra, kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM nirapekSa nirUpaNa saMbhava nahIM hai / vAstavikatA ise svIkAra nahIM krtii| yaha utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyAtmaka hai| isalie jainadarzana anekAMtavAdI mAnA jAtA hai-vividhatA meM ekruuptaa| isI dhAraNA se bahuvAdI vizva kA sAmAnya siddhAnta vikasita huA hai / (ba) khuzavaMta siMha ke bhArata ke viSaya meM vicAra* DA0 ke0 jaina, misa, ma0pra0 bhArata meM jainoM aura bauddhoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai| jo hai bhI, unheM hindU hI mAnA jAtA hai| inakA kevala aitihAsika mahattva hai kyoMki ye brAhmaNavAdI hinduo ke virodha meM ghaTita AndolanoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| inhoMne uttaravartI hinduoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| jainadharma __ jaina zabda 'jina' dhAtu ( jItanA ) se vyutpanna huA hai, ataH jaina vaha hai jisane svayaM ( ke doSoM ) para vijaya pAI ho / jainoM kA vizvAsa hai ki unake dharma kA vikAsa caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ( nadI kA ghATa pAra karane vAle) ne kiyA hai| inameM RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha tathA ariSTanemi ne inake siddhAntoM ko vyavasthita kiyA hai / inake adhikAMza tIrthakara caritra paurANika hai| lekina inake teisaveM tIrthakara pAzvanAtha (872-772 I0pU0 ) aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (599-527 I0 pU0)ke viSaya meM vizvasanIya aitihAsika sAkSya pAye jAte haiM / yaha vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa hai ki jainadharma kA prAraMbhika vikAsa brAhmaNavAdI hindUdharma ke viruddha pratikriyA ke phalasvarUpa huA / jainoM ne anya dharmoM se bhI preraNA grahaNa kii| inameM pArasIdharma pramukha hai jo usI samaya IrAna meM vikasita ho rahA thA / jaina purANoM kA AvartI lakSaNa yaha hai ki ina sabhI meM pIDhI-dara-pIDhI bhalAI aura burAI ke bIca lagAtAra yuddha dikhAyA gayA hai| kAyana aura aibala (Cain and Abil) ke bIca bhrAtaghAtI sAmantaprathA kA dvandva dikhAyA gayA hai| prakAza aura aMdhakAra ke baloM ke bIca yuddha batAyA gayA hai| jarathusta ke upadezoM kA kendra bindu bhI ahura majdA aura aMgu menyu ke bIca yuddha hI rahA hai / pArasI pizAca ko kaMdhoM para bane hue sAMpa ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate haiM / yahI bAta jaina pratimAoM (pAzvanAtha ) meM bhI pAI jAtI hai / yadyapi jaina vidvAn vaidika yuga se hI jainadharma kI utpatti mAnate haiM, para adhikAMza sAmAnyajana mahAvIra ko ho isakA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM / * saMpAdaka rAhula siMha, Ai0 bI0 eca0 pabliziMga kaMpanI, bambaI, 1982 peja 56-57 /
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________________ 36 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vardhamAna mahAvIra kA janma paTanA ke uttara meM sthita kuMDagrAma meM 599 I0 pU0 meM huA thaa| ve eka jAgoradAra ke dvitIyaputra the aura vilAsI vAtAvaraNa meM inakA lAlana-pAlana huaa| jaina parigaNana priya hote haiN| tadanusAra, mahAvIra kA pAlana pAMca sevikAyeM ( narseja ) karatI thI aura vaha pAMca prakAra ke sUkha bhogate the| yuvAvasthA meM unakA vivAha huA / ve eka putrI ke pitA bane / lekina putrI, patnI evaM rAjakAja meM unakA mana nahIM lagatA thaa| mAtA-pitA kI ( saMbhavataH AtmahatyA se ) mRtyu hone para usane apane bar3e bhAI se sanyAsa lene kI AjJA maaNgii| isa samaya unakI Ayu tIsa varSa kI thii| bAraha varSa taka unhoMne dhyAna kiyA, upavAsa kiye / dhyAna ke samaya ve aisA Asana lagAte the jisameM er3I jur3I raheM aura Upara rahe, mastiSka nIcA rahe aura sUrya ke sAmane rahe / pUrNa dhyAna kI avasthA meM unheM kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatA prApta huI / vaha nirgrantha ho gaye / / mahAvIra ne vastroM kA tyAga kiyaa| unhoMne nagna hokara tIsa varSa taka sthAna-sthAna para bihAra kiyaa| ve kisI se bolate nahIM the| kahIM bhI eka rAta se jyAdA nahIM Thaharate the| vaha kaccA (yA ubAlA) bhojana karate the aura chanA pAnI pIte the / ve kRmiyoM ko zarIra para rahane dete the| ve apane sAtha eka pIchI rakhate the jisase calate samaya mArga meM jIvoM ko hAni na pahuMce / janatA prAyaH una para vyaMgya kasatI thI aura unheM kaSTa detI thii| lekina ve kisI se kucha nahIM kahate the / unakA nirvANa 527 I0 pU0 meM huA / jainoM ke anusAra ve bahattara varSa kI umra meM janma, vRddhAvasthA evaM mRtyu ke baMdhanoM se mukta hue / apane pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna mahAvIra ne bhI jaina siddhAntoM kA vargIkaraNa aura parigaNana kiyA hai / isa vargIkaraNa kI kucha prAthamikatAyeM yahA~ dI jA rahI haiM / nau prakAra ke puNya kArya hote haiM, aThAraha prakAra kI pApakriyAyeM hotI hai, pApamaya kAryoM ke daNDa ke bayAsI prakAra haiM / jJAna mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA hai / isa siddhAnta ke vizleSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| unakA jIva-zakti siddhAnta dhArmika dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| mahAvIra ne batAyA ki sabhI sajIva evaM nirjIva padArthoM meM jIva hotA hai / pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni evaM vanaspati sabhI meM jIvana hotA hai| kisI kA jIvana lenA sarvAdhika ghRNita kArya hai| nirmama tarka ke AdhAra para eka jaina grantha meM kahA hai. "jo battI jalAtA hai. vaha jIvahatyA karatA hai| jo ise banAtA hai, vaha agni kI hatyA karatA hai|" jaina hAilojoijma kA yaha eka carama udAharaNa hai| - jainoM meM karma yA kriyA ke sattAvana bheda haiN| inakI prakRti kaNamaya hotI hai| ye jIva meM pravAhita hote haiM aura use bhArI banAte haiM / yaha ThIka usI prakAra mAnanA cAhiye jaise zarIra meM saMcita yUrika amla gaThiyA roga utpanna karatA hai aura bore meM bAlU bharane se vaha bhArI ho jAtA hai| AtmA yA jIva eka bulabule yA gubbAre ke samAna hai jisameM UrdhvagAmI vRtti hotI hai / karma ke kAraNa yaha bhArI ho jAtA hai| karma na kevala hamAre vartamAna sAMsArika astitva yA rUpa ko prabhAvita karatA hai, apitu yaha hameM janma, mRtyu aura punarjanma ke cakra meM bhI phaMsAye rakhatA hai / mAnava jIvana kA uddezya saMvara ke dvArA karmoM kA Asrava rokanA tathA tapa ke dvArA ekatra karmo kI nirjarA karanA hai| yaha nirjarA taba pUrI mAnI jAtI hai jaba karmabIja pUrNataH naSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ jaina niSkriya dharma nahIM hai| yaha aisI kriyAoM kI anuzaMsA karatA hai jinase mAnava ke bhUtakAlIna karma aura icchAyeM samApta ho jAveM / jaina granthoM meM likhA hai, "tuma apane hI mitra ho, tuma apane se bhinna kisI anya mitra ko kyoM khoja rahe ho ? jIva svaya kA nirmAtA hai| yaha sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai, apane bhale-bure kI dazAyeM nirmita karatA hai, yaha narka kI duHkha-nadI kA nirmANa karatA hai / " isa dRSTi ko hI kriyAvAda kA siddhAnta kahate haiN|
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________________ jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 37 mukti kA mArga triratnamayI hai : samyak darzana yA zraddhA, samyak jJAna evaM samyaka cAritra / samyak-zraddhA meM nimna pA~ca siddhAnta varNita hai-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / jaina jaba sAdhuvRtti grahaNa karatA hai, to nimna zapatha letA hai "maiM zramaNa banUMgA / maiM ghara, sampatti, putra, pazu Adi kucha nahIM rakhUgA / maiM vaha khAU~gA jo dUsare loga mujhe deMge / maiM pApa kArya nahIM kruuNgaa|" isa AdhAra para vartamAna aura bhAvI jIvana karma-bandha se mukta hotA hai / jIva paramAtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / yaha samudra meM osa vinduoM kA galana hai / jaina prayatnoM kA sarvocca dhyeya paramAtmA meM vilIna honA hai / jainoM kA svarga zAMta, surakSita tathA sukhI kSetra hai / vahA~ bur3hApA, dukha, roga va mRtyu nahIM hote / jaina mata meM Izvara ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| isake viparyAsa meM, jaina pUrNa vikasita manuSyoM meM vizvAsa karate haiN| unake anusAra nirvANa kevala mAnava yoni se hI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra, jaina jAti prathA tathA brAhmaNavAda ke poSaka vedoM ko bhI mAnyatA nahIM dete / jaina do vargoM meM vibhakta ho gaye haiM : digambara aura zvetAmbara / digambara nagna rahate haiM, AgamoM ko mAnyatA nahIM dete aura mahilAoM ko sAdhupada ke adhikArI nahIM mAnate / jalavAyu sambandhI pratyakSa kAraNoM se zvetAmbara uttara bhArata ke zIta kSetroM meM aura digambara dakSiNa bhArata ke uSNa kSetroM meM pAye dhAte haiN| inakA eka sampradAya ora haisthAnakavAsI / ye na mUrti pUjate haiM, na prArthanA karate haiM / inake anusAra, AtmA sabho jagaha maujUda rahatI hai| hama yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate ki vibhinna yugoM meM jainoM kI sthiti kyA thI ? lekina isa bAta ke paryApta pramANa haiM ki unhoMne aneka vicArakoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| uttara bhArata meM unheM candragupta maurya kA rAjyAzraya milA / dakSiNa bhArata meM unheM hoyasaloM kA saMrakSaNa milaa| ye sadaiva sApekSataH dhanI rahe aura inhoMne kalAoM ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| isa deza meM unake kucha mandira sabase sundara mAne jAte haiN| jana sthApatya kalA ke kucha sundara udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM bihAra meM pArasanAtha pahAr3I, giranAra, pAlotAnA meM zatrujaya, rANakapura aura AbU parvata para dilavAr3A mandira ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| jaina mUrtiyA~ hindU aura bauddha mUrtiyoM se bhinna hotI haiM / jainoM kA kahanA hai "bhakta ke lie mUrti darpaNa ke lie jaina pratimAeM vibhAvahIna aura zAnta hotI hai| jaina sAdhu kahate haiM," kisI sundara mahilA ke nagna zava para kAmuka, kuttA evaM saMta kI pratikriyAoM para vicAra kro| kAmuka usase bhoga karanA cAhegA, kuttA use khAnA cAhegA aura santa usako AtmA kI sadgati caahegaa| isalie tumheM isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki dhyAna karate samaya tuma jo bhI dekho, vaha dhyAna ke uddezyoM ke anurUpa honA cAhiye / " madhyayuga meM hinduoM ke punarjAgaraNa eva zaivoM dvArA anya matAvalambiyoM ko pIr3ita karane kI prakriyA kA jainoM para bahuta prabhAva par3A / isase jainoM ko bar3I hAni huI kyoMki ve hinduoM se sarvAdhika sambandhita the / inakA hinduoM meM ikataraphA vivAha bhI hotA thaa| svayaM ko saMgaThita kara astitva banAye rakhane ke jainoM ke prayatnoM ko bahuta saphalatA nahIM milI / 1893 meM akhila bhAratIya jaina sammelana kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| isake chaha varSa bAda 1899 meM jaina yuvA pariSad gaThita kI gaI jo 1910 meM bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala ke rUpa meM pariNata huI / isakA uddezya hai-maitrI bhAva se sabako jItA jA sakatA hai / bhArata meM jainoM kA prabhAva unakI sApekSa sampannatA ke kAraNa hai| DAlamiyA, sArAbhAI, bAlacanda, kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI, sAhU jaina Adi bhArata ke bar3e-bar3e audyogika gharAne jaina haiN| inakI sAkSaratA bhI ucca hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI jainoM ke ahiMsA siddhAnta se bar3e prabhAvita hue the| unhoMne inake naitika aura vyaktigata siddhAnta ko rASTrIya evaM rAjanItika rUpa dekara Age bddh'aayaa|