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________________ jaina dharma aura saMskRti DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina AdipurANakAra AcArya jinasena svAmI (jJAta tithi zAke 759-837 I.) ke anusAra,' 'iti iha AsIt'-yahA~ aisA ghaTita huA--isa prakAra kI ghaTanAvali evaM kathAnakoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA sAhitya 'itihAsa', 'itivRtta' yA 'aitihya kahalAtA hai, paramparAgata hone se vaha 'AmnAya', pramANa puruSoM dvArA kahA gayA yA nibaddha huA hone se 'ArSa', tattvArtha kA nirUpaka hone se 'sUkta' aura dharma (heyopAdeya viveka athavA puNya pravRttiyoM) kA pratipAdaka evaM poSaka hone ke kAraNa 'dharmazAstra' kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra isa paribhASA meM itihAsa kA tattva, prakRti, tathA usake rAjanaitika, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sabhI aMgoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| Aja itihAsa kA jo vizada vyApaka artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, ukta purAtana jainAcArya ko bhI vaha abhipreta thA / itihAsa, vizeSakara prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa kA Azaya bhAratIya saMskRti kA yathAsambhava sarvAMga itihAsa hai, jisake antargata vivakSita yuga meM deza meM pracalita vibhinna dharmoM, darzanoM, samudAyoM tathA tattada saMskRtiyoM, sAhitya-kalA, AcAra-vicAra, loka-jIvana Adi ke vikAsa kA itihAsa samAviSTa hotA hai| jaina saMskRti bhAratavarSa kI sudUra atIta se calI AI, pUrNatayA dezaja evaM paryApta mahattvapUrNa sAMskRtika dhArA hai| usake samyak jJAna ke binA bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa kA jJAna adhUrA-apUrNa rahatA hai| ___ 'jayatIti jinaH' vyutpatti ke anusAra sarva prakAra ke Atmika-mAnasika vikAroM para pUrNa vijaya prApta karake isI jIvana meM parama prAptavya ko prApta karane vAle 'paramAtmA', 'jina' yA 'jinendra' kahalAte haiN| vandanIya, pUjanIya evaM upAsanIya hone 1. itihAsa itISTaM tad itihAsIditi zruteH / itivRttamathaitihyamAmnAyaJcAmananti tat // 24 // RSipraNItamArSasyAt sUktaM sunRtazAsanAt / dharmAnuzAsanAccedaM dharmazAstramiti smRtam // 25 // --AdipurANa, sarga 1 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 8 jainadidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana ke kAraNa ve 'arhaM yA 'arahaMta', duHkhapUrNa saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karane ke hetu kalyANaprada dharma- tIrtha kA pravartana karane ke kAraNa 'tIrthaMkara', samasta antara evaM bAhya parigraha se mukta hone ke kAraNa 'nirgrantha' aura svapuruSArtha dvArA zramapUrvaka samatva kI sAdhanA evaM Atmazodhana karane ke kAraNa 'zramaNa' kahalAte haiM / unhIM RSabhAdi-mahAvIra paryanta caubIsa nirgratha zramaNa arhatu kevali-jina tIrthaMkaroM dvArA svayaM jAnI gaI, anubhava kI gaI, AcaraNa kI gaI aura vinA kisI bhedabhAva ke 'sarvasatvAnAM hitAya, sarvasatvAnAM sukhAya' upadezita evaM pracArita dharmavyavasthA kA hI nAma jainadharma hai unake anuyAyI jaina yA jainI, zramaNopAsaka athavA zrAvaka bhI kahalAte haiM / ina ahiMsA evaM nivRtti pradhAna paramparA dvArA pallavita poSita saMskRti hI jaina saMskRti hai / prAcInatA isa paramparA ke mUlasrota prAgaitihAsika pASANa evaM dhAtu-pASANa yugIna Adima mAnava sabhyatAoM kI jIvavAda ( enimijma) prabhRti mAnyatAoM meM khoje gae haiM / sindhu upatyakA meM jisa dhAtu-lauha yugIna prAgaaitihAsika nAgarika sabhyatA ke avazeSa prApta hue haiM usake adhyayana se eka sambhAvita niSkarSa yaha nikAlA gayA hai ki usa kAla aura kSetra meM vRSabha-lAMchana digambara yogirAja RSabha kI pUjA-upAsanA pracalita thI / ukta sindhu sabhyatA ko prAgvaidika evaM anArya hI nahIM apitu prAgArtha bhI mAnya kiyA jAtA hai, aura isI kAraNa suvidhA ke lie use bahudhA drAvir3Iya saMskRti saMjJA dI jAtI hai / vaidika paramparA ke Adyagrantha svayaM Rgveda meM aneka sthaloM para RSabhadeva ke Adara pUrvaka pratyakSa tathA parokSa ullekha hue haiM / spaSTa nAmollekhoM ke atirikta, vaidika saMhitAoM ke arhatu kezI, vrAtya, vAtarazanA, muni Adi zabda RSabha ke lie hI prayukta hue pratIta hote haiM, Rtu, satya, ahiMsA, sadAcAra Adi zabda unakI viziSTa mAnyatAoM yA prasthApanAoM ke sUcaka haiM, aura zramaNa, muni, yati Adi zabda unake anusartAoM ke / vaidika ullekhoM evaM saMketoM kA vizadIkaraNa tathA spaSTIkaraNa purANa granthoM meM kiyA gayA mAnA jAtA hai, aura bhAgavat, viSNu, mArkaNDeya, brahmANDa Adi pramukha purANoM meM paramezvara ke aSTama avatAra ke rUpa meM jina nAbheya RSabhadeva kA varNana huA hai vaha RgvedAdi meM ullikhita RSabha hI haiM, isa viSaya meM prAyaH koI sandeha nahIM kiyA jAtA / ina varNanoM meM aura jaina paurANika anuzrutiyoM meM upalabdha prathama tIrthaMkara Adideva nAbhisuta RSabha ke varNanoM meM aisA adbhuta sAdRzya hai jo isa tathya ko asaMdigdha banA detA hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM meM abhipreta purANapuruSa parisaMvAda -4
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________________ jaina dharma aura saMskRti RSabha eka hI vyakti haiM, jo antara hai vaha itanA hI hai ki pratyeka paramparA ne unake vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko apane-apane raMga meM raMgane kA prayatna kiyA hai| aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi pASANakAlIna prakRtyAzrita asabhya yuga (bhogabhUmi) kA anta karake jJAnavijJAna saMyukta karmapradhAna mAnavI sabhyatA kA janaka ina Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko hI mAnA jAtA hai / unakA jyeSTha putra bharata hI isa deza kA sarvaprathama cakravartI samrATa thA aura isI ke nAma para yaha deza 'bhArata' yA 'bhAratavarSa' kahalAyA, yaha jaina paurANika anuzruti vaidika sAhitya evaM brAhmaNIya purANoM se samathita hai| RSabha ke uparAnta samaya-samaya para 23 anya tIrthaMkara hue jinhoMne unake sadAcAra-pradhAna yogadharma kA punaH pracAra kiyA aura jaina saMskRti kA poSaNa kiyaa| bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvRtanAtha ke tIrtha meM ayodhyApati rAmacandra hue jinhoMne zramaNa-brAhmaNa ubhaya saMskRtiyoM ke samanvaya kA bhAgIratha prayatna kiyA, etadartha ve donoM paramparAoM meM paramAtmarUpa meM upAsya hue| ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara nami videha ke janakoM ke pUrvaja mithilA nareza the jo usa adhyAtmika paramparA ke sambhavatayA Adya prastotA the, jisane janakoM ke prazraya meM aupaniSadika AtmavidyA ke rUpa meM vikAsa kiyA / ' bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha (ariSTanemi) nArAyaNa kRSNa ke tAUjAta bhAI the| donoM hI jaina paramparA ke zalAkApuruSa haiN| donoM hI bhAratayuddha ke samasAmayika aitihAsika narapuMgava haiN| ariSTanemi ne zramaNadharma punarutthAna kA netRtva kiyA to kRSNa ne ubhaya paramparAoM ke samanvaya kA stutya prastuta kiyaa| teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzva (777877 I0 pU0) kAzI ke uragavaMzI kSatriya rAjakumAra the aura zramaNa dharma punarutthAna Andolana ke sarvamahAn netA the, sambhavatayA isI kAraNa aneka Adhunika itihAsakAroM ne tIrthaMkara pArzva ko hI jainadharma kA pravartaka mAna liyaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki 2. dekhie-DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina-'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna', pR0 11-19; DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina- 'jainijma : dI olDesTa liviMga rilIjana', pR0 40-46; tathA 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi' (dvi0 saM0), pR0 21-29 / 3. vahI, pR0 24; svAmI karmAnanda-'bhArata kA Adi samrATa', tathA 'bharata aura bhArata' / 4. 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi', pR0 32 / 5. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, vahI, pR0 19-20 / 6. 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi'; pR0 33, 42-45 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 10 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana pArzva apane samaya ke sarvamAnya mahApuruSa the| unakA cAturyAma dharma prasiddha hai| antima tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra, bauddha sAhitya meM jinakA nigaMThanAtaputta (nirgrathajJAtRputra) ke nAma se ullekha huA hai; kA jIvana kAla 599-527 I. pUrva hai| buddha prabhRti mahAmAnavoM ke usa mahAyuga meM utpanna mahAmAnava mahAvIra kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva aitihAsika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / zramaNa punarutthAna Andolana pUrNatayA niSpanna huA, isakA adhikAMza zreya mahAvIra ko hai| saMgha kA punargaTana karake jainadharma ko jo rUpa unhoMne pradAna kiyA vahI gata ar3hAI sahasra varSoM ke jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa ke itihAsa kA mUlAdhAra hai| mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAnta unakI ziSya paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne unake sandeza ko deza ke kone-kone meM phuNcaayaa| unakI AThavIM pIr3hI meM zrutakevali bhadrabAhu ke samaya paryanta mahAvIra kA saMgha prAyaH avicchinna banA rahA, kintu dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa durbhikSa ke kAraNa ukta AcArya saMgha ke eka bar3e bhAga sahita dakSiNApatha ko vihAra kara gae jahA~ karNATaka Adi vibhinna pradezoM meM jainadharma ke aneka navIna kendra vikasita hue| bhadrabAhu ke AmnAyaziSya maurya samrATa candragupta ne bhI guru kA anugamana karake karNATaka dezastha kaTavapranAmaka parvata para antima jIvana eka jainamuni ke rUpa meM vyatIta kiyA / duSkAla kI avadhi meM jo sAdhu uttarApatha meM hI bane rahe, ve svabhAvataH zithilAcAra se apanI rakSA na kara sake / mAlavA, gujarAta prabhRti pazcimIya pradeza unake kendra bane / AcAra-vicAra kI dRSTi se ina dakSiNI aura pazcimI zAkhAoM ke bIca matabheda kI khAI bar3hatI gaI, jisane kAlAntara meM (prathama zatI I. ke aMtima pAda meM) digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAya bheda ko janma diyA / eka tIsarI zAkhA kA kendra zUrasena deza kI mahAnagarI mathurA rahI jo vibhinna dharmoM, saMskRtiyoM evaM jAtiyoM kA bhI cirakAla taka mahattvapUrNa saMgama-sthala banI rhii| mathurA ke jainasaMgha ne uparyukta donoM zAkhAoM ke bIca samanvaya karane ke stutya prayatna kiye, unhoMne usa mahAn sarasvatI AMdolana kA netRtva evaM pracAra kiyA jisake phalasvarUpa guru-ziSya paramparA meM maukhika dvAra se saMrakSita evaM pravAhita dvAdazAMgazruta rUpa jinAgama ke mahattvapUrNa 7. dekhie-jyo0 pra0 jaina, 'rivAivala Apha zramaNadharma ina leTara vaidika eja' ('jaina jarnala', 2971-72); 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi', pR0 45-50 / 8. vahI, pR0 50, 54-59 / 9. vahI, pR0 88-89 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jaina dharma aura saMskRti 11 aMzoM kA pustakIkaraNa tathA pustaka - sAhitya praNayana kA pravarttana huA |" tadantara digambara evaM zvetAmbara, ubhaya sampradAyoM kA svatantra vikAsa prArambha huA, saMghabheda hote rahe, naye-naye sampradAya upasampradAya banate rahe, AcAra-vicAra meM bhI dezakAlAnusAra parivartana hote rahe / jaina saMskRti kA sarvatomukhI saMvardhana hotA rahA / kabhI-kabhI aura kahIM-kahIM paryApta utthAna athavA patana bhI hue / pramukha rAjyAzraya evaM janasAmAnya kA samarthana prApta huA to sAmpradAyika vidveSa aura atyAcAra kA zikAra bhI honA par3A / prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI IsvI se lekara prAyaH aThArahavIM zatAbdI paryanta uttara bhArata kI apekSA dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma kA vizeSa utkarSa evaM prabhAva rahA / yoM, rAjasthAna ke vibhinna rAjya, madhya-bhArata, vidarbha, gujarAta aura karNATaka jaina saMskRti ke pramukha gar3ha rahe haiN| deza ke prAyaH pratyeka nagara, rAjadhAnI, zAsana kendra, vyAra evaM vyavasAya kendra meM isa dharma ke anuyAyI sadaiva alpAdhika saMkhyA meM pAe jAte rahe haiM | apanI zikSA-dIkSA evaM sAmAnya samRddhi ke kAraNa ve dharma, darzana, jJAna-vijJAna, sAhitya, kalA, AcAra-vicAra, prAyaH sabhI kSetroM meM apanI spRhaNIya sAMskRtika bapautI ke saphala saMrakSaka rahe haiM / saMpUrNa deza kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA ke saMpAdana meM, vartamAna yuga ke svAtantrya saMgrAma meM tathA svatantratA prApti ke bAda rASTra ke navanirmANa meM unakA yathocita evaM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / pramukha vizeSatAe~ jaina tattvajJAna yathArthavAdI hai / vaha vizva ke samasta indriyagocara athavA agocara padArthoM kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai aura unakA vizada evaM vaijJAnika vizleSaNa tathA nirUpaNa karatA hai / jaina karma siddhAnta niyativAda kA niSedha karatA hai-- bhAgya, daiva athavA Izvara ke Asare hAtha para hAtha rakhakara baiThe rahane ko mUrkhatA ghoSita karatA hai, puruSArthaM evaM AtmanirbharatA ke mahattva ko pradarzita karatA hai tathA sphUrtidAyaka AtmavizvAsa, icchAzakti evaM manobala ko puSTa karatA hai / suvikasita jaina nyAyazAstra se paripuSTa jaina darzana pUrvokta prayojanabhUta tattvoM kA tarkapUrNa akATya zailI meM pratipAdana karatA hai / jaina nyAyadarzana bhAratIya nyAya zAstra kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / isane jaina siddhAnta ko mAtra AjJA - pradhAna hone ke sthAna para parIkSA-pradhAna evaM buddhigamya banA diyA hai / 10. DaoN. jyo0 pra0 jaina - 'dI nA sorseja Apha dI hisTarI Apha enzenTa iMDiyA', pRSTha 100-119 / parisaMvAda - 4
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana jaina adhyAtma rahasyavAdAtmaka AdarzavAda para AdhArita hai| usameM zuddha Atmatattva kI upAdeyatA evaM usakI anubhUti ke lokottarIya paramAnanda kA atyanta sarasa evaM AkarSaka vyAkhyAna hai| usa alaukika brahmAnanda kA rasapAna karane ke lie vaha mumukSujanoM ko sahaja preraNA pradAna karatA hai / indriya evaM prANI saMyama para AdhArita ahiMsA-pradhAna jainAcAra vyakti aura samAja, donoM ke hI sarvAdhika kalyANa kA sarvottama mArga hai / vaha eka atyucca suvikasita mAnava saMskRti kA pratIka hai| vyakti ke lie vaha vivekapUrNa dRSTikoNa, ahiMsAtmaka AcAra-vicAra, AtmavizvAsa, vicAra-svAtantrya, zarIra-sAdhanA evaM AtmasaMyama para bala detA hai aura use dharmAcaraNa meM nirantara yathAzakti udyogI bane rahane kI preraNA detA hai| vyakti kA antarmukhI evaM vyavasthita jIvana hI samaSTi ke kalyANa aura sAmUhika zAnti kA amodha upAya hai| kRtrima upAyoM aura svArtha prasUta yojanAoM se zAnti sthApita nahIM hotI / ahiMsA aura aparigraha hI vizva zAnti ke janaka haiN| yaha dharma vargavizeSa kA na hokara prANImAtra kA samAnabhAva se kalyANakArI hai / AtmA satya hai, usI meM saundarya hai aura vaha saundarya hI vizva kA paricAyaka hai, ataH satya-ziva-sundaraM rUpa Atmatattva kI upalabdhi tathA anubhati meM hI vyakti aura samaSTi kA kalyANa nihita hai| arhanta Adi jo mahAn AtmAe~ isa prayAsa meM saphala hokara parameSThI pada ko prApta ho gaI haiM, Adarza bana gaI haiM, usa Adarza avasthA ko svayaM prApta karane ke lie hI una Adarza puruSoM kI pUjA, upAsanA, guNAnuvAda, dhyAna Adi kI vyavasthA jaina kriyAkANDa evaM dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM kI gayI hai| Atmazodhana ke artha svAdhyAya, sAmAyika, dAna, vrata, tapa (upavAsa Adi) kA yama-niyama rUpa se karane kA vidhAna hai| jana saMskRti kA sAdhya mokSa hone ke kAraNa usakI bAhya pravRttiyA~ bhI nivRttimUlaka hI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake sAhitya aura kalA meM bhI mukhyatayA zAntarasa hI pravAhita huA hai| jainadarzana kI sarvopari vizeSatA usakA syAdvAda siddhAnta hai / anekAnta athavA syAdvAda padArthoM para saba hI saMbhava dRSTi-vinduoM se vicAra karatA hai aura dUsaroM ke vicAroM kA Adara karanA tathA unake prati sahiSNutA sikhAtA hai| kaisA bhI virodhI ho usake vicAroM ke sAtha meM eka syAdvAdI zAntipUrvaka samanvaya evaM sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA prayatna karatA hai| sabhI ke mata meM kucha na kucha satya nihita hai, yadi use upayukta dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya / vivAda kI jar3a to yaha kadAgraha hai ki maiM hI sarvathA ThIka hU~, anya saba galata hai| yaha manovRtti hI ekAnta hai, aura anekAnta parisaMvAda 4
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________________ jaina dharma aura saMskRti usakA nirasana karatA hai| anekAntika manovRtti hI vizva meM zAnti, maitrI, sahayoga evaM sadbhAva sthApita karane meM samartha ho sakatI hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne jinameM bar3e bar3e zaktizAlI samrATa evaM nareza bhI hue haiM, aura kahIM-kahIM bahubhAga janasAdhAraNa bhI rahe haiM, kabhI bhI kisI anya dharma para atyAcAra nahIM kiyA, yadyapi use svayaM katipaya virodhiyoM ke nRzaMsa atyAcAroM kA kaI bAra zikAra honA par3A / vastutaH zAntipriyatA evaM sahiSNutA jainadharma kI mahAna vizeSatAe~ rahI haiM aura unakA mukhya kAraNa saptabhaMgI nyAyAzrita anekAntAtmaka syAdvAda hai| yaha siddhAnta cArvAka ke thothe yathArthavAda aura naiyAyikoM ke lacara AdarzavAda, donoM se hI bacakara calA hai| pro. dhruva ke anusAra 'syAdvAda aisA kAlpanika siddhAnta mAtra nahIM hai jisakA praNayana kisI tattvika samasyA kA hala karane ke lie kiyA gayA ho, apitu usakA sambandha manuSya ke vaijJAnika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana se hai| syAdvAda meM to virodhI svaroM kA aisA sundara samanvaya huA hai ki usase eka pUrNa samanvita svaralaharI gUMja uThatI hai|" aura DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye kA kathana hai ki "syAdvAda kA lakSya Adhunika dArzanika cintana ke kSetra ke sarvathA anurUpa hai| syAdvAda kA lakSya vaiyaktika dRSTiyoM kA ekIkaraNa, samIkaraNa, samanvaya tathA saMzleSaNa karake unheM eka vyavahArika pUrNatA pradAna karanA hai| yaha dArzanika ko eka sAvabhaumika dRSTi pradAna karatA hai aura use yaha nizcaya karA detA hai ki satya ke Upara apanI-apanI paridhi meM sImita bhinna nAmadhArI mata-matAntaroM meM se kisI kA bhI ekAdhipatya nahIM hai| dharma mumukSu ko yaha eka aisI bauddhika sahiSNutA pradAna karatA hai jo usa ahiMsA siddhAnta ke sarvathA anurUpa hai jisakI puSTi jainadharma sahasroM varSoM se nirantara karatA calA A rahA hai| jahA~ taka bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM jaina darzana ke sthAna kA prazna hai, mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN. gaMgAnAtha jhA kA kahanA hai ki 'nisaMdeha katipaya siddhAntoM meM jaina darzana kA bauddha, vedAMta, sAMkhya-nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoM ke sAtha sAmya hai, kintu isa tathya se jaina darzana kA svatantra astitva, udaya aura vikAsa asiddha nahIM hote| yadi katipaya bhAratIya darzanoM ke sAtha usakA kucha sAdRzya bhI hai to sAtha hI usakI apanI bhI nirAlI vizeSatAe~ tathA una darzanoM se spaSTa maulika bheda bhI haiN|' pro. jI. satyanArAyaNa mUrti ke zabdoM meM 'jaina dharma ke kucha siddhAnta usake apane viziSTa tathA nirAle haiM aura ve usapara eka svatantra svAdhIna astitva kI chApa chor3ate haiN| cintAharaNa cakravartI kA kathana hai ki 'yadyapi apane vartamAna jJAna ke AdhAra para hamAre lie parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana jaina aura brAhmaNa dharmoM se sambadhita aneka bAtoM kI ApekSika prAcInatA ko nizcita karanA sambhava nahIM hai tathApi jainadharma ko yathArthavAditA evaM buddhivAditA eka sAmAnya dRSTA kA bhI dhyAna AkarSita karane se nahIM cUkatI? anta meM DaoN. harmana jekobI ke zabdoM meM 'maiM vizvAsa pUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ ki jina dharma anya saba dharmoM se sarvathA vilakSaNa evaM svatantra maulika dharma hai aura isI kAraNa prAcIna bhArata ke dArzanika cintana tathA dhArmika jIvana kA adhyayana karane ke lie usakA prabhUta mahattva hai|' isa prakAra, bhArata kI prAcIna zramaNa saMskRti tathA adhyAtma pradhAna mahAn mAgadha dharma ke sajIva, sateja pratinidhi ke rUpa meM jana-dharma jaina darzana aura jaina saMskRti kA bhAratIya dharmoM, darzanoM aura saMskRtiyoM meM hI nahIM, varan sampUrNa vizva ke dArzanika cintana, dhArmika itihAsa evaM sAMskRtika vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| dUsarI zatI IsvI ke AcArya samantabhadra ke zabdoM meM 'mahAvIra prabhRti zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita evaM pracArita yaha sarvodaya tIrtha, mAnavamAtra kA unnAyaka evaM kalyANakartA hai|' jyoti nikuMja, cArabAga lakhanaU, uttara pradeza / parisaMvAda-4