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________________ jaina darzana meM vIra bhAva kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana ahiMsA pradhAna darzana hai| ahiMsA ko 'na mArane' taka sImita karake logoM ne use niSkriyatA aura kAyaratA samajhane kI bhrAmaka kalpanAeM kI hai| tathAkathita AlocakoM ne ahiMsA dharma ko parAdhInatA ke lie jimmedAra bhI tthhraayaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne vartamAna yuga meM ahiMsA kI tejasvitA ko prakaTa kara yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki ahiMsA vIroM kA dharma hai, kAyaroM kA nhiiN| isa saMdarbha meM socane para sacamuca lagatA hai ki ahiMsA dharma ke mUla meM vIratA kA bhAva hai| vIrabhAva kA svarUpa kAvyazAstriyoM ne navarasoM kI vivecanA karate hue unameM vIrarasa ko eka pramukha rasa mAnA hai| vIrarasa kA sthAyIbhAva uttama prAkRtika utsAha kahA gayA hai| kisI kArya ko sampanna karane hetu hamAre mAnasa meM eka vizeSa prakAra kI satvara kriyA sajaga rahatI hai, vahI utsAha hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne utsAha meM prayatna aura Ananda kI milI-julI vRtti ko mahatva diyA hai / unake zabdoM meM "sAhasapUrNa Ananda kI umaMga kA nAma utsAha hai|" manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vIrabhAva eka sthAyI bhAva ( Sentiment) hai, jo sneha, karuNA, dhairya, gauravAnubhUti, tapa, tyAga, rakSA, AtmavizvAsa, Akroza, prabhutA Adi saMvegoM (Emotions) ke sammilita prabhAva kA pratiphala hai| vyutpatti kI dRSTi se 'vIra' zabda meM mUla dhAtu 'vR' hai jisakA artha chA~TanA, cayana karanA, varaNa karanA hai arthAt jo varaNakartA hai, vaha vIra hai| isI artha meM vara kA artha 'dUlhA' hotA hai kyoMki vaha vadhU kA varaNa karatA hai, varaNa kara lene para hI vara vIra banatA hai| isameM zreSThatA kA bhAva bhI anusyUta hai / isa dRSTi se vIra bhAva eka Adarza bhAva hai jisameM zreSTha samajhe jAne vAle mAnavIya bhAvoM ko samuccaya rahatA hai / DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata vIrabhAva aura AtmasvAtantrya vIrabhAvanA ke mUla meM jisa utsAha kI sthiti hai vaha puruSArthaM pradhAna hai / puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA vyakti ko svatantra aura Atmanirbhara banAtI hai| vaha apane sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, nindAprazaMsA, jIvana-maraNa Adi meM kisI dUsare para nirbhara nahIM rhtaa| Atmakartavya kA yaha bhAva jaina darzana kA mUla AdhAra hai appA, kattA, trikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamitaM caM yupaya supao / ' arthAt AtmA hI sukha-duHkha karane vAlI tathA unakA nAza karane vAlI hai| sat pravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI mitra rUpa hai jabaki duSpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI zatru rUpa hai / isa vIra bhAvanA kA AtmasvAtantrya se gaharA sambandha hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jIva athavA AtmA svatantra astitva vAlA dravya hai / apane astitva ke lie na to yaha kisI dUsare dravya para Azrita hai aura na isa para Azrita koI anya dravya hai / isa dRSTi se jIva ko apanA svAmI svayaM kahA gayA hai| usakI svAdhInatA aura parAdhInatA usake svayaM ke karmoM ke adhIna hai| rAgadveSa ke kAraNa jaba usakI Atmika zaktiyAM AvRtta ho jAtI haiM taba vaha parAdhIna ho jAtI hai| apane samyak jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa dvArA jaba vaha jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya, aura antarAya karmoM kA nAza kara detA hai taba usakI AtmazaktiyA~ pUrNa rUpa se vikasita ho jAtI hai aura vaha jIvana-mumata arthAt arihaMta bana jAtA hai| apanI zaktiyoM ko prasphuTita karane meM kisI kI kRpA, yA dayA kAraNabhUta nahIM banatI / svayaM usakA 1. uttarAdhyayana 20 / 37 126 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ puruSArtha yA vIratva hI sahAyatA banatA hai / apane vIratva aura puruSArtha ke bala para sAdhaka apane karmaphala meM parivartana lA sakatA hai / karma parivartana ke nimnalikhita cAra siddhAnta isa dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiN| 1. udIraNA-niyata avadhi se pahale karma kA udaya meM aanaa| 2. udvartana-karma kI avadhi aura phala dene kI zakti meM abhivRddhi honaa| 3. apavartana--karma kI avadhi aura phala dene kI zakti meM kamI honaa| 4. saMkramaNa-eka karma prakRti kA dUsarI karma prakRti meM saMkramaNa honaa| ukta siddhAnta ke AdhAra para sAdhaka apane puruSArtha ke bala se baMdhe hue karmoM kI avadhi ko ghaTA-bar3hA sakatA hai aura karmaphala kI zakti manda athavA tIvra kara sakatA hai| yahI nahIM, niyata avadhi se pahale karma ko bhogA jA sakatA hai aura unakI prakRti ko badalA jA sakatA hai| vIratA ke prakAra vIra bhAvanA kA svAtantryabhAva se gaharA sambandha hai| bIra apane para kisI kA niyaMtraNa aura zAsana nahIM caahtaa| mAnava sabhyatA kA itihAta svatantra bhAvanA kI rakSA ke liye lar3e jAne vAle yuddhoM kA itihAsa hai| ina yuddhoM ke mUla meM sAmrAjya-vistAra, sattA-vistAra, yazolipsA, aura laukika samRddhi kI prApti hI mukhya kAraNa rahe haiN| ina bAharI bhautika padArthoM aura rAjyoM para vijaya prApta karane vAle vIroM ke lie hI kahA gayA hai--"vIrabhogyA vsundhraa|" ye vIra zArIrika aura sAmpattika bala meM advitIya hote haiN| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra cakravartI caudaha ratnoM ke dhAraka aura chaha khaNDa pRthvI ke svAmI hote haiM / vAsudeva bharata kSetra ke tIna khaNDoM aura sAta ratnoM ke svAmI hote haiM inakA atisaya batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki vAsudeva atula balI hote haiN| kue~ ke taTa para baiThe hue vAsudeva ko jaMjIra se bA~dha kara hAthI, ghoDe, ratha aura padAti rUpa caturaMgiNI senA sahita solaha hajAra rAjA bhI khIMcane lageM to ve use nahIM khIMca skte| kintu usI jaMjIra ko bAMye hAtha se pakar3akara vAsudeva apanI tarapha bar3I AsAnI se khIMca sakatA hai| vAsudeva kA jo bala batalAyA gayA hai usase dugunA bala cakravartI meM hotA hai| tIrthakara cakravartI se bhI adhika balazAlI hote haiN| upayukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki vIratA ke do prakAra haiM--eka bahirmukhI bIratA, aura dUsarI antarmukhI viirtaa| bahirmukhI vIratA kI apanI sImA hai| jaina darzana meM usake kIrtimAna mAne gaye haiM cakravartI jo bharata kSetra ke chaha khaNDoM para vijaya prApta karate haiN| laukika mahAkAvyoM meM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, pRthvIrAja rAso meM bahirmukhI vIroM ke atiraMjanApUrNa yazogAna bhare par3e haiN| jaina sAhitya meM bhI aise vIroM kA ullekha aura varNana milatA hai| para unakI yaha vIratA jIvana kA dhyeya yA Adarza nahIM mAnI gaI hai / jaina itihAsa meM aise saikar3oM vIra rAjA ho gaye haiM, para ve vandanIya-pUjanIya nahIM haiM / ve vandanIya-pUjanIya taba banate haiM jaba unakI bahirmukhI vIratA antarmukhI banatI hai| ina antarmukhI vIroM meM tIrthakara, kevalI, zramaNa, zramaNiyA~ Adi Ate haiN| bahirmukhI vIratA ke antarmukhI vIratA meM rUpAntarita hone kA Adarza udAharaNa bharata bAhubalI kA hai| bharata cakravartI bAhubalI para vijaya prApta karane ke lie virATa senA lekara kUca karate haiN| donoM senAoM meM paraspara yuddha hotA hai| antata: bhayaMkara jana-saMhAra se bacane ke liye donoM bhAI milakara nirNAyaka dvandva-yuddha ke liye sahamata hote haiN| donoM meM dRSTiyuddha, vAkayuddha, bAhuyuddha hotA hai aura ina sabameM bharata parAjita ho jAte haiN| taba bharata socate haiM kyA bAhubalI cakravartI hai jisase ki maiM kamajora par3a rahA hUM? isa vicAra ke sAtha hI ve Aveza meM Akara bAhubalI ke siracchedana ke lie cakraratna se usa para vAra karate haiN| bAhabalI pratikriyA svarUpa kruddha ho cakra ko pakar3ane kA prayatna karate hue mUSTi uThAkara socate haiM-mUjhe dharma chor3akara bhrAtavadha kA daSTakarma nahIM karanA cAhiye / RSabha kI santAnoM kI paramparA hiMsA kI nahIM, apitu ahiMsA kI hai| prema hI merI kula-paramparA hai| kintu jamA haA hAtha khAlI kaise jAye? unhoMne viveka se kAma liyA, apane uThe hue hAtha ko apane hI sira para de mArA aura bAloM kA laMcana karake ve zramaNa bana gye| unhoMne RSabhadeva ke caraNoM meM vahIM se bhAvapUrvaka namana kiyA, kRta aparAdha ke liye kSamA-prArthanA kI aura ugra tapasyA kara ahaM kA visarjana kara, mukti rUpI vadhU kA varaNa kiyaa| bhagavAn RSabha, ariSTanemi Adi tIrthakara antarmukhI vIratA ke sarvopari Adarza haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM varNa-vyavasthA vikRta ho gayI thii| brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM kA Adarza atyanta saMkIrNa ho gayA thA / brAhmaNa yajJa ke nAma para pazu-bali ko mahattva de rahe the to kSatriya deza-rakSA ke nAma para yuddha-janita hiMsA aura sattA-lipsA ko bar3hAvA de rahe the| mahAvIra svayaM kSatriya kula meM paidA hue the| unhoMne kSatriyatva ke mUla Adarza rakSA bhAva ko pahacAnA aura vicAra kiyA ki rakSA ke nAma para kitanI hiMsA ho rahI hai, pIr3A-mukti ke nAma para kitanI pIr3A dI jA rahI hai| saccA kSatriyatva dUsare ko jItane meM nahIM, svayaM apane ko jItane meM hai, para-niyantraNa nahIM svaniyantraNa hI saccI vijaya hai| unhoMne sampUrNa rAjya-vaibhava aura zAsana-sattA kA parityAga kara Atmavijaya ke lie prayANa kiyaa| ve saMnyasta hokara kaThora dhyAna jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 127
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________________ sAdhanA aura ugra tapasyA meM lIna ho ge| sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka ve Antarika vikAroM-- zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie saMgharSa karate rahe / antataH ve AtmavijayI bane aura apane mahAvIra nAma ko sArthaka kiyaa| sacce kSatriyatva aura sacce vIra ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne kahA "esa vIre prasaMsie, je baddha paDimoyae / " arthAt vaha vIra prazaMsanIya hai jo svayaM bandhanamukta to hai hI, dUsaroM ko bhI bandhanamukta karatA hai / vIra hai vaha jo svayaM to pUrNataH svatantra hai hI dUsaroM ko bhI svatantra karatA hai, vIra vaha hai jo dUsaroM ko bhayabhIta nahIM karatA apanI sattA se, balki unako sattA ke bhaya se hI sadA ke lie mukta kara detA hai, cAhe vaha sattA kisI kI bhI ho, kaisI bhI ho| bIra kA vyavahAra aura mana sthiti vIratA ke svarUpa para hI vIra kA vyavahAra aura usakI manaHsthati nirbhara hai / bahirmukhI vIra kI vRtti AkrAmaka aura dUsaroM ko parAsta kara punaH apane adhIna banAne kI rahatI hai / dUsaroM para prabhutva kAyama karane aura laukika samRddhi prApta karane kI icchA kA koI anta nhiiN| kyoM-kyoM isa ora indriyAM aura mana pravRtta hote haiM tyoM-tyoM inakI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai, hiMsA hai; pratihiMsA meM badalatI hai, phodha ra kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai aura yuddha para yuddha hote calate haiM / yuddha aura sattA meM vizvAsa karane vAlA vIra pratikriyAzIla hotA hai, krUra aura bhayaMkara hotA hai| dUsaroM ko duHkha, pIr3A aura yantraNA dene meM use Ananda AtA hai| bAharI sAdhanoM senA, astra-zastra, rAjadarabAra, rAjakoSa Adi ko bar3hAne meM vaha apanI zauryavRtti kA pradarzana karatA hai| usakI vIratA kA mApadaNDa rahatA hai dUsaroM ko mAranA na ki bacAnA, dUsaroM ko gulAma banAnA na ki gulAmI se mukta karanA, dUsaroM ko dabAnA na ki ubaarnaa| aisA vIra AvegazIla hone ke kAraNa adhIra aura vyAkula hotA hai / vaha apane para kisI kriyA ke prabhAva ko jhela nahIM pAtA aura bhItara hI bhItara saMtapta aura trasta banA rahatA hai| manovijJAna kI dRSTi se aisA vIra sacamuca kAyara hotA hai, kAtara hotA hai; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI Aga meM nirantara dagdha banA rahatA hai| bAharI vaibhava aura vilAsa meM jIvita rahate hue bhI Antarika cetanA aura saMvedanA kI dRSTi se yaha mRtaprAya hotA hai usake citta ke saMskAra kuMThita aura saMvedanArahita bana jAte haiM / jaina darzana meM bahirmukhI vIra bhAva ko AtmA kA svabhAva na mAnakara mana kA vikAra aura vibhAva mAnA hai / antarmukhI vIra hI usakI dRSTi meM saccA vIra hai| yaha vIra bAharI uttejanAoM ke prati pratikriyAzIla nahIM hotaa| viSama paristhitiyoM ke bIca bhI vaha prasanna citta banA rahatA hai / vaha saMkaToM kA sAmanA dUsaroM ko dabAkara nahIM karatA / usakI dRSTi meM sukha-duHkha, sampatti vipatti kA kAraNa kahIM bAhara nahIM, usake bhItara hai| vaha zarIra se sambandhita upasargoM va parIkSAoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatA hai| usake mana meM kisI ke prati ghRNA, dveSa aura pratihiMsA kA bhAva nahIM hotA / vaha dUsaroM kA damana karane ke bajAya Atmadamana karane lagatA hai / yaha Atmadamana aura AtmasaMyama hI saccA vIratva hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai arthAt AtmA ke sAtha hI yuddha kara, bAharI duzmanoM ke sAtha yuddha karane se tujhe kyA lAbha? AtmA ko AtmA ke dvArA hI jItakara manuSya saccA sukha prApta kara sakatA hai / jina vIroM ne mAnavIya rakta bahAkara vijaya yAtrA Arambha kI, anta meM unheM milA kyA ? sikandara jaise mahAn yoddhA bhI khAlI hAtha cale gaye / vastutaH koI kisI kA svAmI yA nAtha nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 'mahAnirgranthIya' nAmaka 20veM adhyayana meM anAthI muni aura rAjA zreNika ke bIca hue vArtAlApa meM anAthatA kA preraka varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAjA zreNika muni se kahate haiM- mere pAsa hAthI, ghor3e, manuSya, nagara, antaHpura tathA paryApta dravyAdi samRddhi hai / saba prakAra ke kAma-bhogoM ko maiM bhogatA hUM aura saba para merI AjJA calatI hai, phira maiM anAtha kaise ? isa para muni uttara dete haiM---saba prakAra kI bhautika sAmagrI manuSya ko rogoM aura dukhoM se nahIM bacA sakatI / kSamAvAna aura indriyanigrahI vyakti hI duHkhoM aura rogoM se mukta ho sakatA hai| AtmajayI vyakti hI apanA aura dUsaroM kA nAtha hai 1. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 35 2. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 34 appANameva jujjhAhi, ki te jujjheNa bujjhavo / appANameva appA jattA mulamehae / ' jo puruSa durjaya saMgrAma meM dasa lAkha subhaToM para vijaya prApta karatA hai aura eka mahAtmA apanI AtmA jItatA hai| ina donoM meM usa mahAtmA kI vijaya hI zreSTha vijaya hai / 128 jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jiNe / egaM jiNejja appANaM, esa se paramo jao / ' AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ Adarza vIratA kA udAharaNa kSamA vIra hai / kSamA pRthvI ko bhI kahate haiM / jisa prakAra pRthvI bAharI halacala aura bhItarI udvega ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatI hai, usI prakAra saccA vIra zarIra aura AtmA ko alaga-alaga samajhatA huA saba prakAra ke duHkhoM aura kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatA hai| saca to yaha hai ki usakI cetanA kA stara itanA adhika unnata ho jAtA hai ki usake liye vastu, vyakti aura ghaTanA kA pratyakSIkaraNa hI badala jAtA hai / taba use duHkha duHkha nahIM lagatA, sukha sukha nahIM lgtaa| vaha sukha-dukha se pare akSaya, avyAbAdha, ananta Ananda meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai| vaha krodha ko kSamA se, mAna ko madutA se, mAyA ko saralatA se aura lobha ko saMtoSa se jIta letA hai uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jiNe / mAyamavajjavamAveNa, lobha saMtosaoM jiNe // ' yaha kaSAya-vijaya hI zreSTha vijaya hai| kSamAvIra nirbhIka aura ahiMsaka hotA hai| pratizodha lene kI kSamatA hote hae bhI vaha kisI se pratizodha nahIM letaa| kSamA dhAraNa karane se hI ahiMsA vIroM kA dharma banatI hai| uttarAdhyayana' sUtra ke 26veM 'samyakatva-parAkrama adhyayana meM gautama svAmI bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchate haiM-dhamAvaNayAeNaM bhante / jIve ki jaNayai ? he bhagavan ! apane aparAdha kI kSamA mAMgane se jIva ko kina guNoM kI prApti hotI hai ? uttara meM bhagavAn kahate haiM-khamAvaNayAeNaM palhAyaNa bhAva jaNayaI, palhAyaNa bhAvamuvagae ya savvapANamaya jIva sattesu mittIbhAvamuppAerda, mittI bhAvamuvagae yAvi jIva bhAvavisohi kAUNa gikSmae bhavaI // 17 // arthAt kSamA mAMgane se citta meM Aha lAda bhAva kA saMcAra hotA hai, arthAt mana prasanna hotA hai| prasanna citta vAlA jIva saba prANI, bhata, jIva aura satvoM ke sAtha maitrIbhAva sthApita karatA hai| samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha maitrI bhAva ko prApta huA jIva apane bhAvoM ko viruddha banAkara nirbhaya ho jAtA hai| nirbhIkatA kA yaha bhAva vIratA kI kasauTI hai / bAharI vIratA meM zatru se hamezA bhaya banA rahatA hai, usake prati zAsaka aura zAsita, jIta aura hAra, svAmI aura sevaka kA bhAva rahane se mana meM saMkalpa-vikalpa uThate rahate haiM / isa bAta kA bhaya aura AzaMkA barAbara banI rahatI hai ki kaba zAsita aura sevaka vidroha kara baittheN| jaba taka yaha bhaya banA rahatA hai taba taka mana becainI aura vyAkulatA se ghirA rahatA hai| para saccA vIra nirAkula aura nirveda hotA hai| use na kisI para vijaya prApta karanA dhyeya rahatA hai aura na usa para koI vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| vaha sadA samatAbhAva-vItarAgabhAva meM vicaraNa karatA hai| use apanI vIratA ko prakaTa karane ke liye kinhIM bAharI sAdhanoM kA Azraya nahIM lenA pdd'taa| apane tapa aura saMyama dvArA hI vaha vIratva kA varaNa karatA hai| jainadharma vIroM kA dharma jaina dharma ke liye Agama granthoM meM jo nAma Aye haiM, unameM mukhya haiM jina dharma, ahaMta dharma, nirgrantha dharma aura zramaNa dhrm| ye sabhI nAma bIra bhAvanA ke paricAyaka haiM / 'jina' vaha hai jisane apane Antarika vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai| jina' ke anuyAyI jaina kahalAte haiM / 'arhata' dharma pUrNa yogyatA ko prApta karane kA dharma hai| apanI yogyatA ko prakaTAne ke liye AtmA para lage hue karma pudgaloM ko jJAna, darzana, caritra aura tapa kI sAdhanA dvArA naSTa karanA par3atA hai / 'nirgrantha' dharma vaha dharma hai jisameM kaSAya bhAvoM se ba~dhI gA~ThoM ko kholane, naSTa karane ke liye AtmA ke kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, tyAga, saMyama, brahmacarya jaise guNoM ko jAgRta karanA hotA hai / 'zramaNa' dharma vaha dharma hai, jisameM apane hI puruSArtha ko jAgRta kara, viSama bhAvoM ko naSTa kara, citta kI kukRtiyoM ko upazAMta kara samatA bhAva meM AnA hotA hai| spaSTa hai ki ina sabhI sAdhanAoM kI prakriyA meM sAdhaka kA Antarika parAkrama hI mukhya AdhAra hai| AtmA se pare kisI anya parokSa zakti kI kRpA para yaha vijaya-Atmajaya AdhArita nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mahAvIratA bAharI yuddhoM kI vijaya para nahIM, apane Antarika vikAroM kI vijaya para hI nirbhara hai| ata: yaha vIratA yaddhavIra kI vIratA nahIM, kSamAvIra kI vIratA hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 34 2. dazavakAlika 836 maina sAhityAnuzIlana 126