Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM tattva-cintana 333 . SHA jainadarzana meM tattva-citana DaoN. sAdhvI dharmazIlA ema0 e0, pI-eca0DI0 [paramaviduSI sva0 mahAsatIjI zrI ujjvalakumArI jI kI suziSyA] bhAratIya darzana meM tattva ke sambandha meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tat zabda se bhAca artha meM 'tva' pratyaya lagakara tattva zabda banA hai| jisakA artha hai, usakA bhAva-"tasya bhAvaH ttvm"| vastu ke svarUpa ko tattva kahA gayA hai| ki tattvam ? tattva kyA hai ? jijJAsA kA yahI mUla haiM / darzana ke kSetra meM ciMtana-manana kA AraMbha tattva se hI hotA hai| cAhe Astika darzana ho, cAhe nAstika darzana ho-sabhI dArzanika cintakoM ne tattva zabda para vicAra kiyA hai / laukika dRSTi se tattva zabda ke artha haiM-vAstavika sthiti, yathArthatA, sAravastu, sArAMza / dArzanika ciMtakoM ne tattva zabda ke ukta artha ko mAnate hue paramArtha, dravyasvabhAva, para-apara, zuddha parama ke lie bhI tattva zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI tattva zabda ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| dArzanika aura vaijJAnika ciMtana kA mUla kendra tattva zabda dvArA abhidheya koI na koI vastu hai / tattva eka zabda hai aura pratyeka zabda kA prayoga niSprayojana nahIM hotA hai / usakA kucha na kucha artha hotA hai| yaha artha vastu meM vidyamAna kisI guNadharma yA kisI na kisI kriyA kA jJAna karAtA hai| isalie zabdazAstra kI dRSTi se tattva zabda kA artha hai 'tadbhAvastattvam', 'tasya bhAvaH tattvam' / arthAt jo padArtha jisa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai, usakA usa rUpa meM honA, yahI tattva zabda kA artha hai| zabdazAstra ke anusAra pratyeka sadbhUta vastu ko tattva zabda se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai / jainAcAryoM ne tattva zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki tattva kA lakSaNa sat hai athavA sat hI tattva hai| isaliye vaha svabhAva se siddha hai| vaidikadarzana ne paramAtmA tathA brahma ke lie tattva zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / sAMkhyadarzana ne jagat ke mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM tattva zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| bauddhadarzana meM skaMdha, Ayatana, dhAtu ina tInoM ko tattva mAnA hai| nyAyadarzana ne pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, Adi solaha tattvoM ko jJAnamukti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| cArvAkadarzana meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza ina pA~ca bhUtoM ko tattva kahA hai| vaizeSikadarzana meM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya ina chaha ko tattva mAnA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM puruSa, prakRti, mahattattva, ahaMkAra Adi paccIsa tattva mAne haiN| mImAMsAdarzana ne do tattva mAne haiN| sabhI darzanoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se tattva kA vivecana kiyA hai / sabhI kA mantavya hai ki jIvana meM tattva kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / jIvana aura tattva ye eka-dUsare se saMbaMdhita haiM / tattva se jIvana ko kabhI bhI pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| samasta bhAratIya darzana tattva ke AdhAra para hI khar3e haiN| hameM yahA~ para sirpha 'jainadarzana meM tattva-ciMtana' isa para hI vicAra karanA hai| jainadarzana meM loka-vyavasthA kA mUla AdhAra 'tattva' mAnA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne tattva
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 0 334 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa kA uparokta artha hI svIkAra kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki 'tatva kA lakSaNa sat hai / yaha sat svayaMsiddha hai / sat kI na Adi hai, na anta hai| vaha tInoM kAloM meM sthita rahatA hai / ' jainadarzana meM vibhinna sthaloM para sat, sattva, tattva, tasvArtha, artha, padArtha aura dravya ina zabdoM kA eka hI artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jo sat hai, vahI dravya hai, aura jo dravya hai, vahI sat hai / 3 svarUpa kI prApti hI jIva mAtra kA ekamAtra lakSya hai, ekamAtra sAdhya hai, isalie svarUpa sAdhanA kI dRSTi se sarvaprathama caitanya aura jar3a kA bhedavijJAna Avazyaka hai| isake sAtha hI caitanya aura jar3a ke saMyoga-viyoga kA parijJAna honA jarUrI hai / ataH sAdhaka ko AtmA kI zuddha evaM azuddha avasthA ke kAraNoM kA parijJAna honA Avazyaka hai / ve kAraNa, jo ki sAdhanA ke hetu haiM, tattva kahe jAte haiM / yahI dRSTi jaina tattvajJAna kI AdhArazilA hai / jIva anya hai aura pudgala anya hai / yaho vAstava meM tattvasaMgraha hai / jIvonyaH pudgalazcAnya ityasau tattvasaMgrahaH isa prakAra kA bhedavijJAna honA Avazyaka hai / tattva kA lakSaNa jJAta hone para yaha prazna hotA hai ki jainadarzana meM tattva kise kahA hai ? unakI saMkhyA kitanI hai ? isa prazna kA uttara AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika dRSTi se vibhinna graMthoM meM vibhinna zailI se diyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se AtmA hI mukhya tattva hai / AtmA ke do bheda haiM- (1) saMsArI aura (2) mukta / ina do prakAroM ke atirikta anya saba jar3a padArtha haiN| saMkSepa aura vistAra kI dRSTi se tattva ke pratipAdana kI mukhyataH tIna haniyA~ - prathama zailI ke anusAra tattva do haiM(1) jIva, (2) ajIva / dvitIya zailI ke anusAra tattva sAta haiM (1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) Asrava, (4) baMdha, (5) saMvara, (6) nirjarA, (7) mokSa | tRtIya zailI ke anusAra tattva nI hai-- (1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) puNya, (4) pApa, (5) Asrava, (6) saMvara, (7) nirjarA, (8) baMdha, (6) mokSa | dArzanika granthoM meM prathama aura dvitIya zailI milatI hai / tRtIya zailI prAcIna Agama graMthoM ke anusAra hai / jIva se lekara mokSa taka nau tattva kahane kI zailI Agama granthoM meM isa prakAra hai / bhagavatIsUtra, prajJApanAsUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi meM tattvoM kI ginatI nau hai / puNya aura pApa tattvoM ko Asava yA baMdha tattva meM sAmAveza kara lene para sAta tattva kahalAte haiM aura puNya pApa ko Asrava aura baMdha se alaga karake kahane se nau padArtha kahalAte haiM / isalie Agama tathA tatsaMbaMdhI granthoM meM 'navatattva' yA nava padArtha ke nAma se tattva kI saMkhyA batalAyI hai aura unakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ukta jIvAdi sAta athavA nau tattvoM meM se jIva aura ajIva ye do tattva to dharmI haiM arthAt AsravAdi anya tattvoM ke AdhAra haiM aura zeSa AsravAdi unake dharma haiN| dUsare rUpa meM inakA vargIkaraNa kareM to jIva aura ajIva jJa eya (jAnane yogya) haiM, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa upAdeya ( grahaNa karane ke yogya) aura zeSa Asrava, baMdha, puNya, pApa heya ( tyAga karane yogya) haiM / ukta tattvoM kA saMkSepa meM svarUpa isa prakAra hai jIba:-nava tattvoM meM sabase pahalA tattva jIva hai / 'upayoga' yaha jIva kA lakSaNa hai / ' Agama meM upayoga ke do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) sAkAra upayoga (jJAna) aura (2) nirAkAra upayoga (drshn)| jisameM jJAna aura darzana rUpa upayoga pAyA jAtA hai, vaha 'jIva' hai| jJAna arthAt jAnanA aura darzana arthAt dekhanA / zuddha caitanya yaha jIva kA svabhAva hai / jIva ananta haiM / sAMkhya ke puruSa, vaiSNava aura vedAntiyoM kI AtmA aura lAibanItsa ke cidANuoM ke samAna jIvoM kI anantatA kevala saMkhyAtmaka hI hai, guNAtmaka nahIM / guNAtmaka dRSTi se bhoktA hai / jIva kisI pAralaukika zakti ke niyaMtraNa meM nahIM hai| kriyAoM ke kAraNa vaha baMdhana meM par3atA hai aura svayaM ke prayatnoM se hI saba jIva samAna haiN| jIva svayaM jJAtA, kartA aura apanI niyati kA nirmAtA vaha svayaM hai| svayaM kI mukta hotA hai / jIva kA zarIra ke sAtha tAdAtmya hai, kyoMki, vaha zarIra ke duHkhoM se duHkhI hotA hai, parantu vaha zarIra se bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki, zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha usakA nAza nahIM hotA hai| jIva na kUTastha kSaNika hI hai / kintu anya dravya kI bhA~ti pariNAmInitya hai / karmopAdhi se mukta ho jAne koI bheda-prabheda nahIM hai, kintu karma sahita hone se saMsArI jIvoM ke mukhya do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) nitya hai aura na ekAnta ke kAraNa mukta jIvoM ke sa aura (2) sthAvara /
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM tattva-cintana 335 . o0 trasa jIvoM ko unakI indriyoM ke AdhAra para cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-(1) beindriya (2) teindriya (4) caurindriya (4) paMcendriya / manuSya, deva tathA nAraka trasa mAne jAte haiN| isa prakAra saMsArI jIvoM ke 4 bheda haiM-(1) nAraka (2) tiryaca, (3) manuSya, (4) deva / ina saMsArI jIvoM meM sAmAnyataH deva saudharma vimAna se lekara sarvArthasiddha paryaMta Urdhvaloka meM, manuSya aura tiryaMca madhyaloka meM aura nAraka ratnaprabhAdi adholoka meM nivAsa karate haiM / devoM aura nArakoM ke unake nivAsa sthAna kI apekSA se aura bhI aneka bheda haiM, jinakA vistRta vivecana anya dUsare granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM se dvIndriya se paMcendriya taka ke jIva apane hita ke lie halanacalana kara sakate haiM, ataH unheM 'trasa' kahA jAtA hai / ekendriya jIva apane hitAhita ke lie halana-calana nahIM kara sakate, ' isalie unheM 'sthAvara' kahate haiM / ekendriya jIva meM bhI sajIvatA batAne ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnava zarIra ke sAtha vanaspati kI tulanA kI hai aura batAyA hai ki, manuSya kI taraha vanaspati bhI bAla, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthAoM kA upabhoga karatI hai| vRkSa bhI manuSya kI taraha sukha-duHkha ke anubhava karate haiM / manuSya kI taraha unheM bhI bhUkha pyAsa lagatI hai| ve bhI manuSya kI taraha bar3hate haiM aura sUkhate haiM / AyuSya pUrNa ho jAne para vRkSa bhI manuSya kI taraha marate haiM, isalie ve sajIva haiN| vanaspati kI taraha pRthvI Adi ekendriya jIvoM ke sambandha meM bhI vahI samajhanA caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hajAroM varSoM pUrva vanaspati meM jIva hai, isa tathya kA nirUpaNa kara diyA thaa| Aja ke vijJAna yuga meM vaijJAnika parIkSaNoM dvArA bhArata ke prasiddha vaijJAnika DaoN. jagadIzacandra basu ne ise siddha kara diyA hai / jIva jJAna, darzana, AnandAdi uttamottama guNoM kA dhAma hone se nava tattvoM meM sarvottama, sarvapradhAna mAnA gayA hai| vaha karma kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai, isalie use sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| ajIva-jIva tattva kA pratipakSI ajIva tattva hai| arthAt jIva ke viparIta ajIva hai / jisameM cetanA nahIM hai, jo sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti bhI nahIM kara sakatA hai, vaha ajIva hai / ajIva ko jar3a, acetana bhI kahate haiM / jagata ke samasta jar3a-padArtha ITa, cUnA, cA~dI, sonA Adi bhautika-mUrta tathA AkAza, kAla Adi jo amUrta-jar3a padArtha haiM, ve saba ajIva haiN| ajIva tattva ke bheda-ajIva ke pAMca bheda haiM-(1) pudgala, (2) dharma, (3) adharma, (4) AkAza aura (5) kAla / ukta pA~ca bhedoM meM se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla amUrta haiM aura pudgala mUrta hai / amUrta ke lie AgamoM meM 'arUpI' tathA mUrta ke lie 'rUpI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza na hoM, jo A~khoM se dikhAI na de, use 'arUpI' kahate haiM / jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza hai tathA jisake aneka AkAra-prakAra bana sakeM use 'rUpI' kahate haiN| dharma-yaha gati sahAyaka tattva hai / jisa prakAra machalI ko gamana karane meM pAnI sahakArI nimitta hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala dravya ko dharma dravya gamana karane meM sahakArI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|' adharma-yaha sthiti sahAyaka tattva hai / jIva aura pudgaloM ko ThaharAne meM usI prakAra sahAyaka hai jaise vRkSa kI zItala chAyA pathika ko ThaharAne meM sahAyaka hai| yaha dharma aura adharma dravya jIva pudgala dravyoM ko na to jabaradastI calAte haiM aura na ThaharAte haiM / kintu vibhinna rUpa se unake lie sahAyaka bana jAte haiN| AkAza-jo saba dravya ko avakAza detA hai, vaha AkAza hai| arthAt jIvAdi saba dravya AkAza meM Thahare hue haiM / AkAza ke do bheda haiM-(1) lokAkAza (2) alokAkAza / jitane kSetra meM jIvAdi dravya rahate haiM, vaha lokAkAza hai| zeSa saba alokAkAza hai| __ kAla-jo dravyoM kI navIna, purAtana Adi avasthA ko badalane meM nimitta rUpa se sahAyatA karatA hai, vaha kAla dravya hai / ghar3I, ghaMTA, minaTa, samaya Adi saba kAla kI paryAyeM haiN| pudgala-vijJAna ne jise (Matter) meTara, nyAya-vaizeSikadarzana ne jise bhautika tattva, bauddhadarzana ne jise AlayavijJAna-cetanA-saMtati, sAMkhyadarzana ne jise prakRti kahA hai, use hI jainadarzana ne pudgala kahA hai| jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa hoM, use 'pudgala' kahate haiN|"
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 336 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa 'pudgala' yaha 'pud' aura 'gala' ina do zabdoM se banA hai / pud kA artha hai, pUrA honA yA milanA aura gala kA artha hai, galanA yA miTanA / jo dravya pratikSaNa banatA tathA bigar3atA hai, use 'pudgala' kahate haiM / " ***** 'pudgala' ke usa sUkSma aMza ko 'paramANu' (parama + aNu) kahate haiM, jisakA dUsarA vibhAga na ho sakatA ho / 12 skandha, paramANu, andhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, zabda Adi sabhI pudgala kI avasthAe~ (paryAyeM ) haiM / arthAt ye saba pudgala ke rUpa haiM / jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhI abhedopacAra se pudgalayukta AtmA ko pudgala kahA hai / " jaina Agama sAhitya meM paramANuoM ke sambandha meM vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| Agama sAhitya kA bahumAga paramANu kI carcA se sambandhita hai| vijJAna ne bhI paramANu ke viSaya meM bahuta khoja kI hai / saMsArI dazA meM pudgala aura jIva kA sambandha avicchedya hai / puNya aura pApa tattva - jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai vaha puNya hai aura jo AtmA ko apavitra karatA hai vaha pApa hai yAne zubhakarma puNya hai aura azubha karma pApa hai / " dharma kI prApti, samyak zraddhA, sAmarthya, saMyama aura manuSyatA kA vikAsa bhI puNya se hI hotA hai| tIrthaMkara nAmakarma puNya kA hI phala hai| puNya mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke liye anukUla vAyu hai, jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIghratama pAra kara detI hai| Arogya, sampatti Adi sukhada padArthoM kI prApti puNya karma ke prabhAva se hI hotI hai / AtmA kI vRttiyA~ agaNita haiM, isalie puNya-pApa ke kAraNa bhI agaNita haiN| pratyeka pravRtti yadi zubha rUpa hai to puNya kA, azubha rUpa hai to pApa kA kAraNa banatI hai / phira bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se unameM se kucha eka kAraNoM kA saMketa yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai| - puNya aura pApa tattva ke bheda- - zubha karmoM ko tathA udaya meM Aye hue zubha pudgaloM ko puNya kahate haiM / puNya ke kAraNa aneka haiM / saMkSepa meM dIna-dukhI para karuNA karanA, unakI sevA karanA, guNIjanoM para pramoda bhAva rakhanA, dAna denA, paropakAra karanA ityAdi aneka bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| puNyopArjana ke nau kAraNa AgamoM meM batAye haiM / ataH zAstrIya dRSTi se puNya ke nau bheda isa prakAra haiM (1) anna puNya, (2) pAna puNya, (3) layana (sthAna) puNya, (4) zayana (kSayyA) puSpa, (5) vastra puNya, (6) mana puNya, (7) vacana puSya, (8) kAya puNya (6) namaskAra puNya / arthAt anna, jala, auSadhi Adi kA dAna karanA, Thaharane ke lie sthAna Adi denA tathA mana se zubha bhAvanA rakhanA, vacana se nirdoSa zabda bolanA, zarIra se zubhakArya karanA evaM deva, guru, dharma ko namaskAra karanA / ye saba puNya ke kAraNa haiM / " azubha karma aura udaya meM Aye hue azubha karma pudgala ko pApa kahate haiM / pApa ke kAraNa bhI asaMkhya haiM, phira bhI saMkSepa meM pApa upArjana ke nimnalikhita aThAraha kAraNa mAne jAte haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM " (1) hiMsA, (2), (3) corI (4) abrahmacarya, (5) parigraha (1) krodha (7) mAna, (8) mAyA, (2) lobha, (10) rAga, (11) dveSa, (12) kalaha, (13) abhyAkhyAna (jhUThA Aropa lagAnA, doSAropaNa karanA), (14) pazuNya ( cugalI), 15) paranindA, (16) rati-arati (pApa meM ruci aura dharma meM aruci, " (17) mAyA - mRSAvAda (kapaTa sahita jhUTha bolanA ) aura (18) mithyAdarzana / adhyAtma kI dRSTi se puNya aura pApa donoM bandhana rUpa haiM / ataH mokSa -sAdhanA ke liye donoM heya mAne gaye haiM / puNya ko sone kI ber3I kahA gayA hai aura pApa ko lohe kI ber3I mAnA gayA hai| mokSa ke lie donoM hI tyAjya mAne gaye haiM / parantu pahale pApa chor3anA cAhie, bAda meM puNya / pUrNa mukta hone ke lie aura zuddha vItarAga bhAva prApta karane ke lie puNya aura pApa se mukta honA hogA / Alava- puNya-pApa, rUpa karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra 'Asrava' kahate haiN| Asrava dvArA hI AtmA karmoM ko grahaNa karatI hai / mana, vacana, kAyA ke kriyArUpa yoga Asrava hai / " jaise eka tAlAba hai, usameM nAlI se Akara jala bharatA hai / usI prakAra AtmArUpI tAlAba meM hiMsA, jhUTha Adi pApa kAryarUpa nAlI dvArA karmarUpa jala bharatA rahatA hai yAni ki AtmA meM karma ke Ane kA mArga Asrava hai / AtmA meM karma ke Ane ke dvAra rUpa Asrava ke pAMca bheda haiM (1) mithyAtva (2) avirati, (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya, (5) yoga / mithyAtva - viparIta zraddhA / adharma meM dharmabuddhi, atatva meM tattva-buddhi Adi mithyAtva hai / avirati-tyAga ke prati anutsAha aura bhoga meM utsAha avirati hai /
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pramAda - AtmakalyANa tathA satkarma meM utsAha na honA, Alasya karanA pramAda hai / kaSAya- krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kI vRtti / yoga - mana, vacana, kAyA kI zubhAzubha pravRtti / adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki Atma-vikAsa meM bAdhaka tattva ke svarUpa kA parijJAna karake usase mukta hone kA prayatna kre| Asrava jIva kA vibhAva meM ramaNa karane kA kAraNa hotA hai| isalie vibhAva aura svabhAva ko samajhakara svabhAva meM sthita honA hI Asrava evaM saMsAra se mukta honA hai| rokanA saMvara hai| saMvara Asrava kA virodhI tattva hai / Asrava karmarUpa jala ke nAlI ko rokakara karmarUpa jala ke Ane kA rAstA banda kara denA saMvara kA saMvara- karma Ane ke dvAra ko Ane kI nAlI ke samAna haiM aura usI kArya hai / janadarzana meM tattva- cintana saMvara Asravanirodha kI kriyA hai / " usase navIna karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotaa| saMvara ke dravyasaMvara aura bhAvasaMvara ye do bheda haiM / " inameM karma pudgala ke grahaNa kA chedana yA nirodha karanA dravyasaMvara hai aura saMsAra vRddhi meM kAraNabhUta kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA, AtmA kA zuddhopayoga arthAt samiti, gupti Adi bhAvataMbara hai| 337 saMvara tattva ke meda -saMvara kI siddhi gupti, samiti, dharma-anuprekSA, pariSaha jaya aura cAritra se hotI hai| saMvara ke mukhya pA~ca bheda haiM / samyaktva -- jIvAdi tattva kA yathArtha zraddhAna karanA aura viparIta mAnyatA se mukta honA / vrata- 18 prakAra ke pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA / apramAda - dharma ke prati utsAha honA / akaSAya- krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA kSaya yA upazama ho jAnA / yoga - mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti kA nirodha karanA / ye pA~ca Asrava ke virodhI bheda haiN| mukhyatayA saMvara ke samyaktva Adi pA~ca bheda tathA vistAra se bIsa bheda aura sattAvana bheda mAne gaye haiM / nirjarA - saMvara navIna Ane vAle karmoM kA nirodha hai, parantu akelA saMvara mukti ke liye paryApta nahIM / naukA meM chidroM dvArA pAnI kA AnA 'Asrava' hai / chidra banda karake pAnI roka denA 'saMvara' samajhie / parantu jo pAnI A cukA hai, usakA kyA ho ? use to dhIre-dhIre ulIcanA hI pdd'egaa| basa, yahI 'nirjarA' hai / nirjarA kA artha hai-- jarjarita kara denA, jhAr3a denA, pUrvabaddha karmoM ko jhAr3a denA, pRthak kara denA 'nirjarA' tattva hai / nirjarA zuddhatA kI prApti ke mArga meM sIr3hiyoM ke samAna hai| sIr3hiyoM para krama-krama se kadama rakhane para maMjila para pahu~cA jAtA hai / vaise hI nirjarA bhI karmakSaya ke lie sahAyaka banatI hai| nirjarA tattva ke bheda - AtmA ke Upara jo karma kA AvaraNa hai, use tapa Adi ke dvArA kSaya kiyA jAtA hai / karmakSaya kA hetu hone se tapa ko bhI nirjarA kahate haiM / tapa ke bAraha bheda hone se nirjarA ke bAraha bheda nimna prakAra se hote haiN| (1) anazana, (2) kanodarI (3) bhikSAcarI, (4) rasaparityAga, (5) kAyakleza, (6) pratisaMtInA (7) prAyazcitta, (8) vinaya, (6) vaiyAvRtya, (10) svAdhyAya, (11) dhyAna, (12) vyutsrg| isameM pahale chaha tapa bAhya tapa haiM aura zeSa chaha tapa AbhyaMtara tapa haiM / bAhyatapa vyavahAra meM pratyakSa dikhAlAI detA hai / aura AbhyaMtara tapa male hI pratyakSa dikhAI na deM, kintu ina bAhya va AbhyaMtara tapoM kA karmakSaya aura Atmazuddhi kI dRSTi se bahuta adhika mahattva hai / 20 baMdha - AtmA ke sAtha, dUdha-pAnI kI bhA~ti karmoM kA mila jAnA bandha kahalAtA hai / bandha eka vastu kA nahIM hotA, do vastuoM kA sambandha hotA hai use bandha kahate hai| kaSAyika pariNAmoM se karma ke yogya pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha honA baMdha kahalAtA hai| jIva apane kaSAyika pariNAmoM se anantAnanta karmayogya pudgaloM kA baMdha karatA rahatA hai| AtmA aura karmoM kA yaha bandha dUdha aura pAnI, agni aura lohapiMDa jaisA hai / jaise dUdha aura pAnI, agni aura lohapiMDa alaga-alaga haiM, phira bhI eka dUsare ke saMyoga se ekameka disate hai| O
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ -O -O 338 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa baMdhatattva ke cAra bheda ( 1 ) prakRtibandha - karma ke svabhAva kA nizcita honA / (2) sthiti -- karmabandha kA kAla nizcita honA / (3) anubhAga - karma ke phala dene kI tIvratA yA maMdatA nizcita honA / (4) pradeza - karma pudgala zakti kA svabhAvAnusAra amuka-amuka pariNAma meM ba~Ta jAnA pradeza bandha hai / 2 bandha ke zubha aura azubha aise do prakAra bhI haiM / zubhabandha ko puNya aura azubhabandha ko pApa kahate haiM / prakRti bandha ke ATha bheda haiM +++++++++++++++ (1) jJAnAvaraNa, (2) darzanAvaraNa, (3) vedanIya, (4) mohanIya, (5) AyuSya, (6) nAma, (7) gotra, (5) antarAya / 22 inameM se jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra karma AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM ko AvRta karane se ghAti kahalAte haiM aura zeSa vedanIya, AyuH, nAma, gotra AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM ko AvRta na karake usako saMsAra meM TikAye rakhane ke kAraNa aghAti kahalAte haiM / karmoM ke phala dene se pUrva kI sthiti kA nAma bandha hai / karma kA anudaya kAla bandha hai / udayakAla puNya-pApa hai / mokSa hI jIvamAtra kA carama aura parama lakSya hai| mokSa saMpUrNa kSaya' 23 mokSa - navatattva meM antima tattva mokSatattva hai| kA sIdhA artha hai, samasta karmoM se mukti aura 'rAga dveSa kA bandha ke kAraNa aura saMcita karmoM kA pUrNarUpa se kSaya ho jAnA mokSa hai / karma bandhana se mukti milI ki janma-maraNa rUpa mahAn duHkhoM ke cakra kI gati ruka gii| sadAsarvadA ke lie sat cit Anandamaya svarUpa kI prApti ho gii| tAttvika dRSTi se kahA jAye to AtmA kA apane zuddha svarUpa meM sadA ke lie sthira ho jAnA hI mokSa yA mukti hai / jaba sAdhaka rAga-dveSa evaM para-padArthoM kI Asakti ko kSaya karake vItarAga bhAva ko zuddha-vizuddha paryAya ko prakaTa kara letA hai, taba vaha bandha se mukta ho jAtA hai / yathArtha meM rAga-dva eSa se mukta honA hI mukti hai / muktAtmA ananta guNoM se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai| mokSa yA mukti koI sthAna vizeSa nahIM hai, kintu AtmA ko zuddha, cinmaya svarUpa kI prApti hI mukti hai / mokSa kA sukha anirvacanIya hai, anupameya hai / AtmA kA AvaraNarahita nirlepa ho jAnA mokSa hai / mokSAvasthA meM AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / aura sacamuca dekhA jAya to AtmA hI paramAtmA hai"appA so paramappA" isa avasthA meM AtmA apane mUla svabhAva meM A jAtA hai, isalie usakA nAza nahIM hotA aura nAza nahIM hotA isalie AtmA kA punaH saMsAra meM AnA bhI nahIM hotA / mokSa prApti ke cAra upAya haiM- jJAna, darzana, cAritrya, tapa / jJAna se tatvoM kI jAnakArI aura darzana se tatvoM para zraddhA hotI hai / cAritrya se Ate hue karmoM ko rokA jAtA hai aura tapa dvArA AtmA se ba~dhe hue karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai / ina cAra upAyoM se koI bhI jIva mokSa pA sakatA hai| isakI sAdhanA ke lie jAti, kula, veza Adi koI bhI kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu jisane bhI karmabandhana ko tor3akara AtmaguNoM ko prakaTa kara liyA, vahI mokSa prApti kA adhikArI hai| jainadarzana meM guNoM kA mahatva hai, vyakti, jAti, liMga, kula, saMpradAya Adi kA nhiiN| mokSa ke mArga mokSa prApti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyavRjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI anivArya Ava zyakatA hai / saMsAra ke vividha tApoM se mukta hone ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ratnatraya kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| ye mokSa mArga haiM / tattva ke yathArtha viveka kI abhiruci yahI samyagdarzana hai / 24 naya aura pramANa se hone vAlA jIva Adi tattvoM kA yathArtha bodha samyagjJAna hai / samyagjJAnapUrvaka kASAyika bhAva arthAt rAga, dveSa aura yoga kI nivRtti hokara jo svarUpa-ramaNa hotA hai vahI samyakcAritra hai / AtmA meM prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura Astikya guNa prakaTa hone para samyagdarzana kA astitva siddha hotA hai / ratnatraya meM samyagdarzana kA atyanta mahatva hai / samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA mUla sampadarzana hI hai| samyagdarzana bIja hai| samyadarzana ke hone para hI sAdhanA rUpI vRkSa para jJAna kA phUla sugandhita aura cAritrya kA phala madhura bana sakatA hai /
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samyagdarzana yaha sAdhanA rUpI bhavya mahala kI nIMva hai| nIMva majabUta hogI to hI jJAna aura cAritra rUpI sAdhanA mahala Tika sakegA / umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM kahe to tattvarUpa padArtha kI zraddhA hI samyagdarzana hai / jainadarzana meM tattva- cintana 33e Atma-tattva kI pahacAna karanA yAne (Right Knowledge) samyagjJAna hai / samyagjJAna yAne AtmajJAna / AtmajJAna prApta karanA yahI saccA mokSa mArga hai| jJAna yaha AtmA kA nijaguNa hai| jo AtmA hai vaha vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai vaha AtmA hai / 25 saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ina tIna doSa se rahita, naya aura pramANa se hone vAle jIvAdi padArtha kA yathArtha bodha samyagjJAna hai / mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala ye pA~ca jJAna haiM / 26 Atma-svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA, jinezvara deva ke vacana para pUrNa zraddhA rakhanA aura vaisA hI AcaraNa karanA (Right Conduct) samyakcArita hai| AtmA ko zuddha rakhanA aura pApa se dUra rahanA yahI sampavAritra hai / cAritra ke do bheda haiM- (1) sarAga cAritra (2) vItarAga cAritra / hindU zAstra meM AtmA ko sat-cit-Anandamaya kahA hai to jainadharma meM AtmA ko darzana, jJAna, cAritramaya kahA hai| bAta eka hI hai, sirpha zabdAntara hai / samyak cAritra kA AcaraNa karane vAlA jIva zuddha aura jJAnI banakara nirvANa paMtha kI ora jAtA hai aura vaha dhIra-vIra puruSa akSaya, ananta, avyaya mokSa sukha ko prApta karatA hai / samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna, samyak cAritra ye tInoM sAdhana jaba paripUrNa rUpa meM prApta hote haiM, tabhI sampUrNa mokSa sambhava hai anyathA nahIM / eka bhI sAdhana jaba taka apUrNa rahegA taba taka paripUrNa mokSa prApta nahIM ho sakatA / cArvAkadarzana ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA mokSa ke viSaya meM eka mata hai / cArvAka kA mantavya hai ki zarIra kA anta honA hI mola hai| nyAyavaizeSikadarzana ne duHkhoM kI atyadhika nivRtti ko mokSa kahA hai| nyAyavArtikakAra ne sabhI duHkhoM ke Atyantika abhAva ko mokSa mAnA hai / ve mAnate haiM ki mokSa meM buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa, puNya-pApa tathA pUrvAnubhava ke saMskAra ina nau guNoM kA Atyantika uccheda ho jAtA hai|" bauddhadarzana ne mokSa ko nirvANa kahA hai| buddha ke nivRtti athavA nirvANa hai| nirvANa bauddha darzana kA mahatvapUrNa matAnusAra jIvana kA carama lakSya duHkha kI Atyantika zabda hai / sAmAnya rUpa se bhAratIya darzana ke sabhI sampradAya, karma, jJAna, bhakti aura pAtaMjali yoga ko kama-adhika parimANa meM mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / mImAMsakadarzana kevala karma ( yajJa - bhajanAdi) se hI mokSa prApti ho sakatI hai, aisA mAnate haiM / vaiSNava, vedAntI ke anusAra Izvara kI bhakti hI mokSa kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana hai / sAMkh yoga ke mantavyAnusAra kevalya prApti ke lie yogAbhyAsa hI anivArya hai| jainadarzana eka AdhyAtmika darzana hai / jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki mukta jIva azarIrI hote haiM / gati, zarIrasApekSa haiM, isalie ve gatizIla nahIM hote / mukta dazA meM AtmA kA kisI dUsarI zakti meM vilaya nahIM hotA / mukta ' jIvoM kI vikAsa kI sthiti meM meda nahIM hotA kintu unakI sattA svatantra hotI hai / sattA kA svAtantrya mokSa kI sthiti kA bAdhaka nahIM hai / avikAsa yA svarUpAvaraNa upAdhijanya hotA hai / isalie karma upAdhi miTate hI vaha miTa jAtA hai / saba mukta AtmAoM kA vikAsa aura svarUpa samakoTika ho jAtA hai| AtmA kI jo pRthak-pRthak svatantra sattA hai, vaha upAdhikRta nahIM haiM, vaha sahaja hai, isalie kisI bhI sthiti meM unakI svatantratA para koI A~ca nahIM AtI / AtmA apane Apa meM pUrNa avayavI hai, isalie use dUsaroM para Azrita rahane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / mukta dazA meM AtmA samasta vaibhAvika AdheyoM, aupAdhika vizeSatAoM se virahita ho jAtI hai / mukta hone para punarAvartana nahIM hotA / usa ( punarAvartana) kA hetu karma cakra hai| usake rahate hue mukti nahIM hotI / karma kA nirmUla nAza hone para phira usakA bandha nahIM hotA / karma kA lepa sakarma ke hotA hai / akarma karma se lipta nahIM hotA / jainadarzana kI nava tattva kI tAttvika vyavasthA mokSamArga paraka hai yAne jIva ko karmabandhana se mukta hone kA puruSArtha karane aura mokSa pApta karane ke lie prerita karatI hai / isa dRSTi se ina jIvAdi nau tattvoM meM se prathama jIva ajIva ye do tattva mUla dravya ke vAcaka haiM | Asrava, puNya, pApa aura baMdha ye cAra tattva saMsAra aura usake kAraNa rAgadveSAdi kA nirdeza kara mumukSu ko jAgRta karane ke lie hai tathA saMvara aura nirjarA ye do tattva saMsAra-mukti kI sAdhanA kA vivecana karate haiM / antima mokSa tattva sAdhanA ke phala-pariNAma kA saMketa karatA hai ki jIva svayaM apane svabhAva ko
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 340 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa C prakaTa kara aura usI meM ramaNa karate hue AtmA se paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| usa paramAtmA pada kI sAdhanA aura usakA svarUpa samajhane ke lie hI jaina vicArakoM ne tattvajJAna kA yaha vistAra kiyA hai / AtmA kA AtmA meM avasthita ho jAne ke bAda anya kucha bhI karanA zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| saMkSepa meM tattvajJAna kA uddezya hai-'bandhappamokkhoM karmabandhana se mukta honA / isa svarUpa ko samajhakara usa ora pravRtta honA isI meM tattvajJAna kI sArthakatA hai / yahI jainadarzanoM meM tattva ciMtana hai / 28 mA sandarbha-sthala :1 (ka) bRhadnayacakra--4 tattaM taha paramaTheM davva sahAvaM taheva prmprN| dhyeyaM suddhaM paramaM eyaTThA hu~ti abhihANA // tattva, paramArtha, dravyasvabhAva, para, apara, dhyeya, zuddha, parama ye sabhI zabda ekArthaka arthAt paryAyavAcI haiN| (kha) dekhie-jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa-lekhaka devendra muni shaastrii| 2 paMcAdhyAyI pUrvAddha zloka-8 tattvaM sallAkSaNikaM sanmAnaM vA yataH svataH siddham / 3 'sat davvaM vA'-bhagavatI dAha 4 navasamAva payatyA paNNate, taM jahA-jIvA ajIvA, puNNaM, pAvo, Asavo, saMvaro, NijjarA, baMdho, mokkho| -sthAnAMga / / 665 5 (ka) sthAnAMga 5-3-53-guNao uvaogaguNe / (kha) bhagavatI 13-4-480-uvaoga lakkhaNegA jIve / (ga) uttarAdhyayana 28-10-jIvo uvaogalakSaNo / (gha) tattvArtha02-8-upayogo lakSaNam / 6 sthAnAMga 2/1/57 7 utta0 28/7-dhammo adhammo AgAso kAlo puggala jaMtavo / esa logotti pannato jiNehi varadaMsihi // 8 utta0 28/8-gai lakkhaNe u dhammo adhammo ThANa lakSaNe / 8 (ka) tattvArtha sUtra 5/68-AkAzasyAvagAhaH (kha) utta0 28/6-bhAyaNaM savavavvANaM nahaM ogAhalakkhaNaM / 10 tatvArthasUtra 5/23 (ka) sparza rasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalA: (kha) harivaMza purANa 7/36-varNagandharasasparzaH-pUraNaM galanaM ca yat / kurvanti skandhavat tasmAt pudgalAH paramANavaH // 11 (ka) nyAyakoSa, pR0502-pUraNAd galanAd iti pudgalAH / (kha) tattvArthavRtti 5/1-pUraNAd galanAcca pudgalAH / (ga) zabdakalpadra makoSa-pUraNAt pud galayatIti galaH / (gha) tattvArtharAjavArtika-5/1/24-pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudglaaH| 12 sarvArthasiddhi TIkA-sUtra-5/25 antAdi antamajhaM antateNeva indiegejhaM / jaM davvaM avibhAgI taM paramANu vijAnAhi // bhagavatI 8/10/361-- jIveNaM ! poggalI poggale ? jIve poggalIvi, poggalevi / 'zubhaH puNyasya, azubhaH paapsy|' tattvArtha-6/34 00 14 'zubhaH puNya , u0-3. pANapuNNe vatthapuNe, le Navavihe puNNe paM0 20 annapuNNe, pANapuNNe vatthapuNe, leNapuNNe, sayanapuNNe, manapuNNe, vayapuNNe, kAyapuNNe nammokkArapaNe /
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ janadarzana meM tatva-cintana 341. 16 ThANAMga-1/48 17 (ka) yoga praNAlikayAtmAnaH karma AsravatItiyoga AsravaH / -sarvArthasiddhi 6/2 (kha) Asravati pravizati karma yena sa prANAtipAtAdirUpa: AsravaH karmopAdAnakAraNam / -sUtrakRtAMga zIlA0 vRtti-2|5-17, pR0 128 (ga) Avazyaka haribhadrIyAvRtti mala0 hema0 hi0 pR0 84 (gha) adhyaatmsaar-18|131 18 (ka) tattvArthasUtra-1-AsravanirodhaH sNvrH| (kha) yogazAstra-76, pR0 4 -sarveSAmAsravANAM tu nirodhaH saMvaraH smRtaH / 16 (ka) yogazAstra-76-80 "sa punabhidyate dvadhA dravya bhaavvibhedtH| yaH karma pudgalAdAnacchedaH sa dravyasaMvaraH / bhavahetukriyAtyAgaH sa punrbhaavsNvrH|" (kha) sthAnAMga 1 / 14 kI TIkA (ga) saptatattvaprakaraNa -hemacandra sUri 112 (gha) tattvArtha0 sarvArthasiddhi 1 (Da) dravyasaMgraha 2034 (ca) pNcaastikaay-2|142 amRtacandra vRtti (cha) pNcaastikaay--2|142 jayasena vRtti (ja) devendra muni zAstrI jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 203 20 (ka) tattvArtha sUtra-6/16-20 anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyakleSA bAhya tapaH / prAyazcittaviniyavaiyAvRtyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / (kha) uttarAdhyayana-28/34, uttarAdhyayana-30/7 21 (k)-ttvaarth0-8|4-prkRtisthitynubhaagprveshaastdvidhyH / (kha)-SaDdarzanasamuccaya-pR0277 prakRtisthityanubhAgapradezamevAcca caturdhA / 22 yazovijaya TIkA-karma prakRti-pR02, gA0 1 jJAnAvaraNadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyu nAmagotrAnsarAyarUpam / 23 tatvArtha0 10||3-kRtsnkrmkssyo mokssH| 24 umAsvAti-tatvArthasUtra 112-tatvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / 25 AcArAMga-352166-je AyA se viNNAyA, je viSNAyA se aayaa| 26 tattvArtha sUtra-1/t 27 (ka) nyAya sUtra 1/1/2 para bhASya (kha) vaizeSika sUtra 5/2/18 (ga) tadbhAve saMyogAbhAvo' prAdurbhAvazca mokSaH / (gha) nyAyavArtika-Atyantiko duHkhAmAvaH mokSaH / (Ga) sabhASya nyAyasUtra-7/7/22-tavatyantavimokSo'pavargaH / 28 vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM-jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa-devendra munijI kA grantha / pa
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ********* ***************************** **** APAH : Divine and Purifying Substance Dr. J. R. Joshi, M. A., Ph. D. Deccan College, Poona. Four entire hymns of the RV (Rgveda) and many stray ;ks celebrate the divine character of Apah, but we can hardly speak of their possessing any mythological personality as such. The element, water, is nearly always plainly recognizable behind them. The waters are deified also in the Avesta and are invoked as Apo. In the Avesta, one also comes across the singular afs, which word means 'water' as well as 'a river'?. In the RV, the personification of Apah is very slight, perbaps being in no way greater than that of Prthivi (earth). . In the Naighantuka, the water is reckoned as terrestrial only. But, according to Keith, in some of the cases, at any rate, it is clear that the celestial waters are meant. There is also the view that the celestial waters were probably looked upon as an ether-like medium on which the luminaries made their fixed journeys along the Zodiac (rta), and that the blocking of them by Vstra was supposed to prevent the rise and movements of these luminaries, thus causing long darkness. It is further suggested that water is a subtle and complex concept, the basis and source of various facts of thoughts, ideas and notions of the Vedic culture and is closely associated with every problem in the Vedas. According to Barnett,' water to the ancient Hindu represented life, animal and vegetable, fertility, health, generative power. In several cosmogonic accounts, Apah, the waters, hold a promipent place as the female principle. It has been pointed out by Teape that the primeval waters, which are here represented are regarded by these ancient philosophers as the waters we now behold still with us and still connected, and thus yet one flood, although in the great masses of the clouds and the ocean and in the lesser volumes of lakes and in the runlets of the streams they are sub-divided, albeit momentarily; for these allocates were observed to be perpetually passing into and out of each other. For these philosophers, Teape further adds, with this unity of the waters ever in their mind, the waters came to be regarded as the standard image of the One. They were regarded as the primordial substance or substratum and in almost all later cosmogonic versions the 'starting point is either Prajapati desiring offspring and creating, or else the Primordial waters, on which floated Hiranyagarbha, the cosmic golden egg, whence is produced the spirit that desires and created the universe'. RV X.82.5-6 clearly shows that the waters were believed to have existed even before Visvakarmam. The TS also supports this view. The Vajasaneyi Samhita, 10 on the other hand, says that Soma was produced from the waters by Prajapati at the beginning of creation. Speaking about the cosmogonic speculations in the RV and referring to the verses mentioned above, the author of Vedic India 11 observes : "The waters, it is said the re, received the first germ containing all the gods...... ...who does not see how easily this germ could become the World-Egg... floating for ages un-numbered...... on the primeval waters of Chaos, until the Brahma...sprang out as Brahma...?" In this connection, it is also remarked!! : "The disturbances of the atoms of the etherial matter are responsible for transmitting heat and light which are indispensable for the existence of the worlds. RV X.72.6-7 says that the worlds and the Sun (who is source of heat, light and energy) that had remained unmanifest in the primeval ocean were produced when