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________________ jainadarzanameM saptatattva aura SaTdravya prAstAvika : akhaNDa mAnava-samaSTiko aneka vargoMmeM vibhakta kara denevAle jitane paMthabheda lokameM pAye jAte haiM una sabako yadyapi 'dharma' nAmase pukArA jAtA hai, parantu unheM 'dharma' nAma denA anucita mAlUma detA hai, kyoMki dharma eka ho sakatA hai, do nahIM, do se adhika bhI nahIM, dharmaM dharma meM yadi bheda dikhAI detA hai to unheM dharma samajhanA hI bhUla hai / apane antaHkaraNameM krodha, duSTavicAra, ahaMkAra, chala-kapaTapUrNa bhAvanA, dInatA aura lobhavRttiko sthAna na denA evaM saralatA, namratA aura Atmagaurava ke sAtha-sAtha prANimAtrake prati prema, dayA tathA sahAnubhUti Adi sadbhAvanAoM ko jAgrata karanA hI dharmakA antaraMga svarUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai aura mAnavatAke dharAtalapara svakIya vAcanika evaM kAyika pravRttiyoMmeM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha vRttikA yathAyogya saMvardhana karate hue samatA aura paropakArakI ora agrasara honA dharmakA bAhya svarUpa mAnanA cAhiye / pantha-bhedapara avalaMbita mAnavasamaSTike sabhI vargoMko dharmakI yaha paribhASA mAnya hogI, isaliye sabhI vargoM kI paraspara bhinna saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika mAnyatAoM - jinheM lokameM 'dharma' nAmase pukArA jAtA hai ke bIca dikhAI denevAle bhedako mahattva denA anucita jAna par3atA hai / merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki mAnava samaSTike hindU, jaina, bauddha, pArasI, sikha, musalamAna aura IsAI Adi vargoM meM eka dusare varga se vilakSaNa jo saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika mAnyatAyeM pAI jAtI haiM una mAnyatAoM ko 'dharma' na mAnakara dharma-prAptikI sAdhanasvarUpa 'saMskRti' mAnanA hI ucita hai / pratyeka mAnava, yadi usakA lakSya dharma-prAptikI ora haiM to lokameM pAI jAnevAlI ukta sabhI saMskRtiyoMmeMse kisI bhI saMskRtiko apanAkara ullikhita avivAdI dharmako prApta kara sakatA hai / saMskRtiko hI dharma mAna lenekI bhrAntipUrNa pracalita paripATIse hindU, jaina Adi sabhI vargoMkA ukta vAstavika dharmakI ora jhukAva hI nahIM raha gayA hai / isIliye ina vargoM meM vividha prakArake anarthakara vikAroM, pAkhaNDoM evaM rUr3hiyoMko adhika prazraya milA huA hai aura isa sabakA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki jahA~ ukta vAstavika dharma manuSya ke jIvanase sarvathA alaga hokara eka lokottara vastu mAtra raha gayA hai vahA~ mAnavatAse vihIna tathA anyAya aura atyAcArase paripUrNa ucchRGkhala jIvanapravRttiyoM ke sadbhAvameM bhI saMskRtikA chadmaveSa dhAraNa karane mAtrase pratyeka mAnava apaneko aura apane vargako kaTTara dharmAtmA samajha rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, apanI saMskRti se bhinna dUsarI sabhI saMskRtiyoMko adharma mAnakara unameM se kisI bhI saMskRti ke mAnanevAle vyakti tathA vargako dharmake ullikhita cihna maujUda rahanepara bhI vaha adharmAtmA hI mAnanA cAhatA hai aura mAnatA hai aura eka hI saMskRtikA upAsaka vaha vyakti bhI usakI dRSTimeM adharmAtmA hI hai jo usa saMskRtike niyamoMkI DhoMgapUrvaka hI sahI, AvRtti karanA jarUrI nahIM samajhatA hai, bhale hI vaha apane jIvanako dharmamaya banAnekA saccA prayatna kara rahA ho| isa taraha Aja pratyeka varga aura varga ke pratyeka mAnava mAnavatAko kalaMkita karanevAle paraspara vidveSa, ghRNA, IrSA aura kalahake dardanAka citra dikhAI de rahe haiM / yadi pratyeka mAnava aura pratyeka varga dharmakI ullikhita paribhASAko dhyAna meM rakhate hue use saMskRtikA sAdhya aura saMskRtiko usakA sAdhana mAna leM to unheM yaha bAta saralatAke sAtha samajhameM AjAyagI ki vahI saMskRti saccI aura upAdeya ho sakatI hai tathA usa saskRtiko hI lokameM jIvita rahane kA adhikAra prApta ho sakatA hai jo mAnava jagatko dharmakI ora agrasara karA sake aura aisA honepara pratyeka mAnava tathA pratyeka varga
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________________ 4/ darzana aura nyAya : 69 apane jIvanako dharmamaya banAneke liye apanI saMskRtiko vikAroM, pAkhaNDoM aura rUr3hiyoMse pariSkRta banAte hae adhika-se-adhika dharmake anukUla banAne ke prayatna meM laga jAyeMge tathA unameMse ahaMkAra, pakSapAta aura haThake sAthasAtha parasparake vidveSa, ghRNA, IrSA aura kalahakA khAtmA hokara sampUrNa mAnava-samaSTimeM vividha saMskRtiyoMke sadbhAvameM bhI ekatA aura premakA rasa pravAhita hone lgegaa| ___merA itanA likhanekA prayojana yaha hai ki jise lokameM 'jaina dharma, nAmase pukArA jAtA hai usameM dUsarI dUsarI jagaha pAye jAnevAle vizaddha dhArmika aMzako chor3akara saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika mAnyatAoMke rUpameM jitanA jainatvakA aMza pAyA jAtA hai use 'jaina saMskRti' nAma denA hI ucita hai, isaliye lekhake zIrSakameM maiMne 'jainadharma ke sthAnapara 'jainasaMskRti' zabdakA prayoga ucita samajhA hai aura lekhake andara bhI yathAsthAna dharmake sthAnapara saMskRti zabdakA hI prayoga kiyA jAyagA / viSayapraveza kisI bhI saMskRtike hameM do pahalU dekhaneko milate hai-eka saMskRtikA AcAra-saMbandhI pahalU aura dUsarA usakA siddhAnta-sambandhI pahalU / jisameM nizcita uddezyako pUrtike liye prANiyoMke karttavyamArgakA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai vaha saMskRtikA AcArasambandhI pahalU hai| jainasaMskRtimeM isakA vyavasthApaka caraNAnuyoga mAnA gayA hai aura Adhunika bhASAprayogakI zailImeM ise hama 'kartavyavAda' kaha sakate haiN| saMskRtike siddhAnta-sambandhI pahalUmeM usake (saMskRtike) tattvajJAna (padArthavyavasthA) kA samAveza hotA hai| jainasaMskRtimeM isake do vibhAga kara diye haiM-eka saptatattvamAnyatA aura dUsarI SaDadravyamAnyatA / saptatattvamAnyatAmeM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta padArthoMkA aura SaDdravyamAnyatAmeM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaha padArthoMkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| jainasaMskRtimeM pahalI mAnyatAkA vyavasthApaka karaNAnuyoga aura dUsarI mAnyatAkA vyavasthApaka dravyAnuyogako mAnA gayA hai / Adhunika bhASAprayogakI zailImeM karaNAnuyogako upayogitAvAda aura dravyAnuyogako astitvavAda (vAstavikatAvAda) kahanA ucita jAna par3atA hai| yadyapi jaina saMskRtike zAstrIya vyavahArameM karaNAnuyogako AdhyAtmika paddhati aura dravyAnuyogako dArzanika paddhati isa prakAra donoMko alaga-alaga paddhatike rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| parantu maiM upayogitAvAda aura astitvavAda donoMko dArzanika paddhatise bAhya nahIM karanA cAhatA haiM kyoMki maiM samajhatA haiM ki bhAratavarSake sAMkhya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika Adi sabhI vaidika tathA jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka Adi sabhI avaidika darzanoMkA mUlataH vikAsa upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara hI huA hai, isaliye merI mAnyatAke anusAra karaNAnuyogako bhI dArzanika paddhatise bAhya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / jagata kyA aura kaisA hai ? jagatameM kitane padArthoMkA astitva hai ? una padArthoke kaise-kaise vipariNAma hote hai ? ityAdi praznoMke AdhArapara pramANoM dvArA padArthoke astitva aura nAstitvake viSayameM vicAra karanA athavA padArthoke astitva yA nAstitvako svIkAra karanA astitvavAda (vAstavikatAvAda) aura jagatke prANI duHkhI kyoM haiM ? ve sukhI kaise ho sakate haiM ? ityAdi praznoMke AdhArapara padArthoMkI lokakalyANopayogitAke AdhArapara pramANasiddha athavA pramANoM dvArA asiddha bhI padArthoMko padArtha vyavasthAmeM sthAna denA upayogitAvAda samajhanA cAhiye / saMkSepameM padArthoM ke astitvake bAremeM vicAra karanA astitvavAda aura padArthoMko upayogitAke bAremeM vicAra karanA upayogitAvAda kahA jA sakatA hai| astitvavAdake AdhArapara ve saba padArtha mAnyatAko koTimeM paha~cate haiM jinakA astitva mAtra pramANoM dvArA siddha hotA ho, bhale hI ve padArtha lokakalyANake liye
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________________ 70 : sarasvatI - varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha upayogI siddha hoM athavA unakA lokakalyANopayogitAse thor3A bhI sambandha na ho aura upayogitAvAda ke AdhAra para ve saba padArtha mAnyatAkI koTi meM sthAna pAte haiM, jo lokakalyANake liye upayogI siddha hote hoM, bhale hI unakA astitva pramANoM dvArA siddha ho sakatA ho athavA unake astitvakI siddhike liye koI pramANa upalabdha na bhI ho / darzanoM meM AdhyAtmikatA aura AdhibhautikatAkA bheda dikhalAne ke liye ukta upayogitAvAdako hI AdhyAtmikavAda aura ukta astitvavAdako hI AdhibhautikavAda kahanA cAhiye, kyoMki AtmakalyANako dhyAna meM rakhakara padArtha pratipAdana karanekA nAma AdhyAtmikavAda aura AtmakalyANakI ora lakSya na dete hue bhUta arthAt padArthoke astitvamAtrako svIkAra karanekA nAma AdhibhautikavAda mAna lenA mujhe adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai / jina vidvAnoMkA yaha mata hai ki samasta cetana-acetana jagatakI sRSTi athavA vikAsa AtmAse mAnanA AdhyAtmikavAda aura uparyukta jagatakI sRSTi athavA vikAsa acetana arthAt jar3a padArtha se mAnanA AdhibhautikavAda hai una vidvAnoMke sAtha merA spaSTa matabheda hai / isa matabhedase bhI merA tAtparya yaha hai ki AdhyAtmikavAda aura AdhibhautikavAdake unako mAnya artha ke anusAra unhoMne jo vedAntadarzanako AdhyAtmika darzana aura cArvAkadarzanako Adhibhautika darzana mAna liyA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai / merA yaha spaSTa mata hai aura jise maiM pahile likha cukA hU~ ki sAMkhya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika ye sabhI vaidika darzana tathA jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka ye sabhI avaidika darzana pUrvokta upayogitAvAdake adhArapara hI prAdurbhUta hue haiM / isaliye ye sabhI darzana AdhyAtmikavAda ke hI antargata mAne jAne cAhiye / ukta darzanoMmeMse kisI bhI darzanakA anuyAyI apane darzana ke bAremeM yaha AkSepa sahana karane ko taiyAra nahIM ho sakatA hai ki usake darzanakA vikAsa lokakalyANake liye nahIM huA hai aura isakA bhI sababa yaha hai ki bhAratavarSa sarvadA dharmapradhAna deza rahA hai / isaliye samasta bhAratIya darzanoMkA mUla AdhAra upayogitAvAda mAnanA hI saMgata hai / isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa nIce kiyA jA rahA hai 'lokakalyANa' zabda meM paThita lokazabda 'jagatkA prANisamUha' artha meM vyavahRta hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai, isaliye yahA~para lokakalyANazabdase 'jagatke prANisamUhakA kalyANa' artha grahaNa karanA cAhiye / koI-koI darzana prANiyoMke dRzya aura adRzya do bheda svIkAra karate haiM aura kinhIM - kinhIM darzanoMmeM sirpha dRzya prANiyoMke astitvako hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dRzya prANI bhI do taraha ke pAye jAte haiM - eka prakArake dRzya prANI ve haiM jinakA jIvana prAyaH samaSTi pradhAna rahatA hai / manuSya inhIM samaSTi-pradhAna jIvanavAle prANiyoM meM ginA gayA hai kyoMki manuSyoMke sabhI jIvana vyavahAra prAyaH eka-dusare manuSyakI sadbhAvanA, sahAnubhUti aura sahAyatApara hI nirbhara haiM, manuSyoMke atirikta zeSa sabhI dRzya prANI pazu-pakSI, sarpa-bicchU, kITa-pataMga vagairaha vyaSTipradhAna jIvanavAle prANI kahe jA sakate haiM kyoMki inake jIvana vyavahAroMmeM manuSyoM jaisI parasparakI sadbhAvanA, sahAnubhUti aura sahAyatAkI AvazyakatA prAyaH dekhane meM nahIM AtI hai / isa vyaSTipradhAna jIvanakI samAnatAke kAraNa hI ina pazu-pakSI Adi prANiyoMko jaina darzanameM 'tiyaMg' nAmase pukArA jAtA hai kAraNa ki 'tiryag' zabdakA samAnatA artha meM bhI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzanakAroMne apane-apane darzana ke vikAsa meM apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke anusAra yathAyogya jagatke ina dRzya aura adRzya prANiyoMke kalyANakA dhyAna avazya rakhA hai / cArvAkadarzanako chor3akara ullikhita sabhI bhAratIyadarzanoMmeM prANiyoMke janmAntararUpa paralokakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / isaliye ina darzanoMke AviSkartAoMkI lokakalyANabhAvanAke prati to saMdeha karanekI guMjAiza hI nahIM hai lekina upalabdha sAhityase jo thor3A bahuta cArvAkadarzanakA hameM digdarzana hotA hai usase usake ( cArvAkadarzanake) AviSkartAkI bhI lokakalyANabhAvanAkA patA hameM sahaja meM hI laga jAtA hai /
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________________ 4 / darzana aura nyAya : 71 "zrutayo vibhinnAH smRtayo vibhinnA, naiko muniryasya vacaH pramANam / dharmasya tatvaM nihitaM guhAyAM mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH / / " isa padya meM hameM cArvAkadarzanakI AtmAkA spaSTa AbhAsa mila jAtA hai / isa padyakA Azaya yaha hai ki " dharma manuSyake karttavyamArgakA nAma hai aura vaha jaba lokakalyANa ke liye hai to use akhaNDa ekarUpa honA cAhiye, nAnArUpa nahIM, lekina dharmatattvakI pratipAdaka zrutiyA~ aura smRtiyA~ nAnA aura parasparavirodhI arthako kahane vAlI dekhI jAtI haiM / hamAre dharmapravartaka mahAtmAoMne bhI dharmatattvakA pratipAdana ekarUpase na karake bhinna-bhinna rUpase kiyA hai / isaliye inake (dharmapravartaka mahAtmAoMke ) vacanoM ko bhI sarvasammata pramANa mAnanA asaMbhava hai | aisI hAlata meM dharmatattva sAdhAraNa manuSyoMke liye gUr3ha pahelI bana gayA hai arthAt dharmatattvako samajhane meM hamAre liye zruti, smRti yA koI bhI dharmapravartaka sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / isaliye dharmatattvakI pahelI meM na ulajha karake hameM apane karttavyamArgakA nirNaya mahApuruSoMke karttavyamArgake AdhArapara hI karate rahanA cAhiye / tAtparya yaha hai ki mahApuruSoM kA pratyeka karttavya svaparakalyANake liye hI hotA hai / isaliye hamArA jo karttavya svaparakalyANavirodhI na ho use hI avivAdarUpase hamako dharma samajha lenA cAhiye / " mAlUma par3atA hai ki cArvAka darzanake AviSkartAkA antaHkaraNa avazya hI dharmake bAremeM paidA hue lokakalyANa ke liye khataranAka matabhedoMse Uba cukA thA / isaliye usane lokake samakSa isa bAtako rakhanekA prayatna kiyA thA ki janmAntararUpa paraloka, svarga aura naraka tathA muktikI carcA - jo ki vivAdake kAraNa janahitakI ghAtaka ho rahI hai--ko chor3akara hameM kevala aisA mArga cuna lenA cAhiye jo janahitakA sAdhaka ho sakatA hai aura aise karttavyamArga meM kisIko bhI vivAda karanekI kama guMjAiza raha sakatI hai / yaha jo cArvAka darzanakI una logoMkA cArvAkadarzanake bAremeM kara sakate the / " yAvajjIvaM sukhI jAvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH // " mAnyatA batalAI jAtI hai vaha kucha bhramamUlaka jAna par3atI hai arthAt yaha AkSepa hai jo sAMpradAyika vidveSake kAraNa cArvAkadarzanako sahana nahIM samasta darzanoMmeM bIjarUpase isa upayogitAvAdako svIkAra lene para ye sabhI darzana jo eka-dUsareke atyanta virodhI mAlUma par3a rahe haiM, aisA na hokara atyanta nikaTatama mitroMke samAna dikhane lageMge arthAt ukta prakArase cArvAka darzanameM chipe hue upayogitAvAdake rahasya ko samajha lenepara kauna kaha sakatA hai ki usakA ( cArvAkadarzanakA ) paralokAdike bAremeM dUsare darzanoMke sAtha jo matabheda hai vaha khataranAka hai kyoMki jahA~ dUsare darzana paralokAdiko AdhAra mAnakara hameM manuSyocita karttavyamArga para calanekI preraNA karate haiM vahA~ cArvAka darzana sirpha vartamAna jIvanako sukhI banAne ke uddezyase hI hameM mAnavocita kartavyamArgapara calane kI preraNA karatA hai / cArvAkadarzanakI isa mAnyatAkA dUsare darzanoMkI mAnyatAke sAtha samAnatAmeM hetu yaha hai ki paralokAdike astitvako svIkAra karaneke bAda bhI sabhI darzanakAroMko isa vaijJAnika siddhAnta para AnA par3atA hai ki "manuSya apane vartamAna jIvanameM acche kRtya karake hI paralokameM sukhI ho sakatA hai yA svarga pA sakatA hai / " isaliye cArvAka matakA anuyAyI yadi apane vartamAna jIvana meM acche kRtya karatA hai to paraloka yA svargake astitvako na mAnane mAtrase use paralokameM sukha yA svarga pAnese kauna roka sakatA hai ? anyathA isI taraha narakakA astitva na mAnaneke sababa pApa karanepara bhI usakA narakameM jAnA kaise saMbhava ho sakegA ? tAtparya yaha hai ki eka prANo narakake astitvako na mAnate hue bhI bure kRtya karake yadi naraka jA sakatA hai| to dUsarA prANI svarga ke astitvako na mAnate hue acche kRtya karake svarga bhI jA sakatA haiM / paraloka tathA
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________________ 72 : sarasvatI varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinabhvana-grantha svargAdike astitvako na mAnane vAlA vyakti acche kRtya kara hI nahIM sakatA hai, yaha bAta koI bhI vivekI vyakti mAnane ko taiyAra na hogA, kAraNaki hama pahale batalA Aye haiM ki manuSyakA jIvana parasparakI sadbhAvanA, sahAnubhUti aura sahAyatAke AdhArapara ho sukhI ho sakatA hai| yadi eka manuSyako apanA jIvana sukhI banAne ke liye sampUrNa sAdhana upalabdha haiM aura dUsarA usakA par3ausI manuSya cAra dinase bhUkhA par3A huA hai to aisI hAlata meM yA to pahile vyaktiko dUsare vyaktike bAremeM sahAyatAke rUpameM apanA koI na koI karttavya nizcita karanA hogA, anyathA niyamase dUsarA vyakti pahile vyaktike sukhI jIvanako Thesa pahu~cAnekA nimitta bana jAyegA | tAtparya yaha hai ki hameM paralokakI mAnyatAse acche kRtya karanekI jitanI preraNA mila sakatI hai usase bhI kahIM adhika preraNA vartamAna jIvanako sukhI banAnekI AkAMkSAse milatI hai, cArvAkadarzanakA abhiprAya itanA hI hai / bauddhoM kSaNikavAda aura IzvarakartRtvavAdiyoMke IzvarakartRtvavAdameM bhI yahI upayogitAvAdakA rahasya chipA huA hai / bauddhadarzanameM eka vAkya pAyA jAtA hai-- '' vastuni kSaNikatvaparikalpanA AtmabuddhinirAsArtham" arthAt padArthoMmeM jagatke prANiyoMke anucita rAga, dveSa aura mohako rokane ke liye hI bauddhoMne padArthoMkI asthiratAkA siddhAnta svIkAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra jagatkA kartA anAdi-nidhana eka Izvarako mAna lenese saMsAra ke bahujana samAjako apane jIvanake sudhArameM kAphI preraNA mila sakatI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki eka vyakti padArthoMkI kSaNabhaMguratA svIkAra karake unase virakta hokara yadi AtmakalyANakI khoja kara sakatA hai aura dUsarA vyakti Izvarako kartA-dhartA mAna karake usake bhayase yadi anarthoMse baca sakatA hai to isa taraha una donoM vyaktiyoMke liye kSaNikatvavAda aura IzvarakartRtvavAda donoMkI upayogitA svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai / isaliye ina donoM mAnyatAoMke aucityake bAremeM " padArtha kSaNika ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? jagatkA kartA Izvara hai yA nahIM ?" ityAdi praznoMke AdhArapara vicAra na karake "kSaNikatvavAda athavA IzvarakartRtvavAda lokakalyANake liye upayogI siddha ho sakate haiM yA nahIM ?" ityAdi praznoMke AdhArapara hI vicAra karanA cAhiye / sAMkhya aura vedAntadarzanoMkI padArtha mAnyatAmeM upayogitAvAdako spaSTa jhalaka dikhAI detI hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNa 'SadravyamAnyatAke' prakaraNameM kiyA jAyagA / mImAMsAdarzanakA bhI AdhAra manuSyoMko svarga prAptike uddezyase yAgAdi kAryoMmeM pravRtta karAne rUpa upayogitAvAda ho hai tathA jainadarzana meM to upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara saptatatvamAnyatA aura astitvavAdake AdhArapara SaD dravyamAnyatA isa prakAra padArthavyavasthAko hI alaga-alaga do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai / isa tarahase samasta bhAratIyadarzanoMmeM mUlarUpase upayogitAvAdake vidyamAna rahate hue bhI aphasosa hai ki dhIre-dhIre sabhI darzana upayogitAvAda ke mUlabhUta AdhArase nikala kara astitvavAda ke udarameM samA gaye arthAt pratyeka darzana meM apanI va dUsare darzanakI pratyeka mAnyatAke viSaya meM amuka mAnyatA lokakalyANake liye upayogI hai yA nahIM ?' isa dRSTise vicAra na hokara 'amuka mAnyatA saMbhava ho sakatI hai yA nahIM ?' isa dRSTise vicAra hone laga gayA aura isakA yaha pariNAma huA ki sabhI darzakAroMne apane-apane darzanoMke bhItara upayogitA aura anupayogitAkI ora dhyAna na dete hue apanI mAnyatAko saMbhava aura satya tathA dUsare darzanakAroMkI mAnyatAko asaMbhava aura asatya siddha karanekA durAgrahapUrNa evaM paraspara kalaha paidA karane vAlA hI prayAsa kiyA hai /
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________________ 4 / darzana aura nyAya : 73 3. saptatattva Upara batalAye gaye darzanoMmeM paraloka, svarga, naraka aura muktikI mAnyatAke viSayameM jo matabheda pAyA jAtA hai usake AdhArapara una darzanoMmeM lokakalyANakI sImA bhI yathAsaMbhava bhinna-bhinna prakArase nizcita kI gayI hai / cArvAkadarzanameM prANiyoMkA janmAntararUpa paraloka, puNyakA phala paralokameM sukhaprAptikA sthAna svarga, pApakA phala paralokameM duHkhaprAptikA sthAna naraka aura prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkhakI paramparArUpa saMsArakA sarvathA vicchedasvarUpa niHzreyasakA sthAna mukti ina tattvoMkI mAnyatA nahIM hai isaliye vahA~para lokakalyANakI sImA prANiyoMke aura vizeSakara mAnavasamAjake vartamAna jIvanakI sukha-zAntiko lakSya karake hI nirdhArita kI gayI hai aura isI lokakalyANako dhyAnameM rakhakarake hI vahA~ padArthoM kI vyavasthAko sthAna diyA gayA hai / mImAMsAdarzanameM yadyapi prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkhakI paraMparArUpa saMsArakA sarvathA viccheda svarUpa niHzreyasa aura usakA sthAna makti ina tattvoMkI mAnyatA nahIM hai| vahA~para svargasukhako hI niHzreyasa padakA aura svargako hI muktipadakA vAcya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI prANiyoMkA janmAntararUpa paraloka, puNyakA phala paralokameM sukhaprAptikA sthAna svarga aura pApakA phala paralokameM duHkhaprAptikA sthAna naraka ina tattvoMko vahA~ avazya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isaliye vahA~para lokakalyANakI sImA prANiyoMke vartamAna (aihika) jIvanake sAtha-sAtha paralokakI sukhazAntiko dhyAnameM rakhakara nirdhArita kI gaI hai aura isI lokakalyANako dhyAnameM rakhakarake hI vahA~ padArtha-vyavasthAko sthAna diyA gayA hai| cArvAka aura mImAMsA darzanoMke atirikta zeSa ullikhita vaidika aura avaidika sabhI darzanoMmeM ukta prakArake paraloka, svarga aura narakakI mAnyatAke sAtha-sAtha prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkhakI paraMparArUpa saMsArakA sarvathA vicchedasvarUpa niHzreyasa aura niHzreyasakA sthAna maktikI mAnyatAko bhI sthAna prApta hai| isaliye ina darzanoMmeM lokakalyANakI sImA prANiyoMke aihika aura pAralaukika sukha-zAntike sAtha-sAtha ukta niHzreyasa aura muktiko bhI dhyAnameM rakhate hue nirdhArita kI gayI hai aura isI lokakalyANake AdhArapara hI ina darzanoM meM padArthavyavasthAko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki cArvAka darzanako chor3akara paralokako mAnanevAle mImAMsAdarzanameM aura paralokake sAtha-sAtha muktiko bhI mAnanevAle sAMkhya, vedAnta, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, jaina aura bauddha darzanoMmeM jagatke ka prANIke zarIrameM svataMtra aura zarIrake sAtha ghala-mila karake rahanevAlA eka citazaktiviziSTa tattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi sarvasAdhAraNa manuSyoMke liye isakA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai aura na aisA koI viziSTa puruSa hI vartamAnameM maujUda hai jisako isakA pratyakSa ho rahA ho / parantu itanA avazya hai ki pratyeka prANImeM dUsare prANiyoMkI preraNAke binA hI jagatke padArthoM ke prati rAga, dveSa yA moha karanA athavA virakti arthAt samatAbhAva rakhanA, tathA harSa karanA, viSAda karanA dUsare prANiyoMkA apakAra karanA, pazcAttApa karanA, paropakAra karanA, haMsanA, ronA, socanA, samajhanA, sunanA, dekhanA, sUMghanA, khAnA, pInA, bolanA, baiThanA, calanA, kAma karanA, thaka jAnA, vikSAnti lenA, punaH kAmameM juTa jAnA, sonA, jAganA aura paidA hokara choTese bar3A honA ityAdi yathAsaMbhava jo viziSTa vyApAra pAye jAte haiM ve saba vyApAra prANivargako lakar3I, miTTI, patthara, makAna, kapar3A, bartana, kursI, Tebula, sonA cA~dI, lohA, pItala, ghaMTI, ghar3I, grAmophona, reDiyo, sinemAke citra, moTara, relagAr3I, TeMka, havAI jahAja aura ur3anabama Adi vyApArazUnya tathA prANiyoMkI preraNA pAkara vyApAra karanevAle padArthoMse pRthaka kara dete hai aura ina vyApAroMke AdhArapara hI ukta darzanoMmeM yaha svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai ki pratyeka prANIke zarIrameM zarIrase pRthak eka-eka aisA tattva bhI vidyamAna hai, jisakI preraNAse hI pratyeka prANImeM ullikhita viziSTa vyApAra huA karate haiM / isa tattvako samI darzana, cit 4-10
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________________ 74 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-prantha zaktiviziSTa svIkAra karate haiM tathA apane-apane abhiprAyake anusAra sabhI darzana isako puruSa, AtmA, jIva, jIvAtmA, IzvarAMza yA parabrahmAMza Adi yathAyogya alaga nAmoMse ullekha karate haiN| pratyeka prANIke zarIrameM eka-eka citrazaktiviziSTa tattvake astitvakI samAna svIkRti rahate hue bhI ukta darzanoMmeMse koI-koI darzana to ina sabhI citzavitaviziSTa tattvoMko paraspara mUlataH hI pRthak-pRthak svIkAra karate haiM aura koI-koI Izvara yA parabrahmake eka-eka aMzake rUpameM inheM pRthak-pRthak svIkAra karate haiN| arthAt koI-koI darzana ukta citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMkI svataMtra anAdi sattA svIkAra karate hai aura koI darzana unakI nitya aura vyApaka Izvara yA parabrahmase utpatti svIkAra karake eka-eka citzaktiviziSTa tattvako ukta Izvara yA parabrahmakA eka-eka aMza mAnate hai, unheM mUlataH pRthak-pRthak nahIM mAnate haiN| sAMkhya, mImAMsA Adi kucha darzanoMke sAtha-sAtha jainadarzana bhI saMpUrNa citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMkI svataMtra anAdi sattA svIkAra karake unheM paraspara bhI pRthak-pRthak hI mAnatA hai / ukta prakArase citzaktiviziSTa tattvakI sattAko svIkAra karanevAle sAMkhya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, jaina aura bauddha ye sabhI darzana prANiyoMko samaya-samayapara honevAle sukha tathA duHkhakA bhoktA una prANiyoMke apane-apane zarIra meM rahanevAle citzaktiviziSTa tattvako hI svIkAra karate hai sabhI darzanoMkI isa samAna mUlamAnyatAke AdhArapara unameM (sabhI darzanoMmeM) samAnarUpase nimnalikhita cAra siddhAnta sthira ho jAte hai (1) pratyeka prANIke apane-apane zarIrameM maujUda tathA bhinna-bhinna darzanoMmeM puruSa, AtmA, jIva, jIvAtmA, IzvarAMza yA parabrahmAMza Adi yathAyogya bhinna-bhinna nAmoMse pakAre jAnevAle pratyeka citazaktiviziSTatatvakA apane-apane zarIrake sAtha Abaddha honekA koI-na-koI kAraNa avazya hai| (2) jaba ki prANiyoMke ullikhita viziSTa vyApAroMke prAdurbhAva aura sarvathA vicchedake AdhArapara pratyeka citzaktiviziSTa tattvakI apane-apane vartamAna zarIrake sAtha prApta haI baddhatAkA janma aura maraNake rUpameM Adi tathA anta dekhA jAtA hai to mAnanA par3atA hai ki ye sabhI citazaktiviziSTa tattva sImita kAla taka hI apane-apane vartamAna zarIrameM Abaddha rahate haiN| aisI hAlatameM yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki apane-apane vartamAna zarIrake sAtha Abaddha honese pahale ye citzaktiviziSTa tattva kisa rUpameM vidyamAna rahe hoMge? yadi kahA jAya ki apane-apane vartamAna zarIrake sAtha Abaddha honese pahale ve sabhI citzaktiviziSTa tattva zarIrake bandhanase rahita bilkula svataMtra the, to prazna uThatA hai ki inheM apane-apane vartamAna zarIrake sAtha Abaddha honekA kAraNa akasmAt kaise prApta ho gayA ? isa praznakA ucita samAdhAna na mila sakaneke kAraNa citzaktiviziSTa tattvakI sattAko svIkAra karanevAle ukta sabhI darzanoMmeM yaha bAta svIkAra kI gayI hai ki apane-apane vartamAna zarIrake sAtha Abaddha honese pUrva bhI ye sabhI citzaktiviziSTa tattva kisI dUsare apane-apane zarIrake sAtha Abaddha rahe hoMge aura usase bhI pUrva kisI dUsare-dUsare apane-apane zarIrake sAtha Abaddha rahe hoNge| isa prakAra sabhI citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAkI vaha pUrvaparaMparA inakI svataMtra anAdi sattA svIkAra karanevAle darzanoMkI apekSA anAdikAla taka aura Izvara yA paramabrahmase inakI utpatti svIkAra karanevAle darzanoMkI apekSA Izvara yA paramabrahmase jabase inakI utpatti svIkAra kI gayI hai taba taka mAnanI par3atI hai / (3) citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAkA kAraNa unakA svabhAva hai-yaha mAnanA asaMgata hai, kAraNa ki eka to svabhAva paratantratAkA kAraNa hI nahIM ho sakatA hai| dUsare, svabhAvase prApta huI paratantratAkI hAlatame unheM duHkhAnubhavana nahIM honA cAhiye, lekina duHkhAnubhavana hotA hai / isaliye sabhI citazaktivizi
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________________ 4/ darzana aura nyAya : 75 STatattvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAkA kAraNa svabhAvase bhinna kisI dUsarI cIjako hI mAnanA yuktiyukta jAna par3atA hai aura isIliye sAMkhyadarzanameM triguNAtmaka (satvarajastamoguNAtmaka) acit prakRtiko, vedAntadarzanameM asata kahI jAnevAlI avidyAko, mImAMsAdarzanameM citazaktiviziSTa tatvoMmeM vidyamAna azuddhi (doSa) ko, IzvarakartRtvavAdI yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoMmeM icchA, jJAna aura kRti zaktitrayaviziSTa Izvarako, jainadarzanameM acit karma (pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu Adi dravyoMkA sajAtIya paudgalika vastuvizeSa) ko aura bauddhadarzanameM viparItAbhinivezasvarUpa avidyAko usakA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| inameMse yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoMmeM mAnA gayA Izvara unakI mAnyatAke anusAra citzaktiviziSTatattvoMke sAtha asaMbaddha rahate hue bhI unake mana, vacana aura zarIra sambandhI puNya evaM pAparUpa kRtyoMke AdhArapara sukha tathA duHkhake bhogameM sahAyaka zarIrake sAtha unheM Abaddha karatA rahatA hai / zeSa sAMkhya Adi darzanoMmeM citzaktiviziSTatattvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAmeM mAne gaye prakRti Adi kAraNa una citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMke sAtha kisI-na-kisI rUpameM saMvaddha rahate hue hI unake mana, vacana aura zarIra sambandhI puNya evaM pAparUpa kRtyoMke AdhArapara sukha tathA duHkhake bhogameM sahAyaka zarIrake sAtha unheM Abaddha karate rahate haiN| isI prakAra citzaktiviziSTatattvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAkI jisa pUrvaparamparAkA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai usakI saMgatike liye yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoMmeM Izvarako zAzvata (anAdi aura anidhana) mAna liyA gayA hai tathA eka jainadarzanako chor3akara zeSa sAMkhya Adi sabhI darzanoMmeM citazaktiviziSTatatvoMke sAtha prakRti Adike sambandhako yathAyogya anAdi athavA Izvara yA paramabrahmase unakI (citzavitaviziSTatatvoMkI) utpatti honeke samayase svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jainadarzanameM citzaktiviziSTatatvoMko zarIrabaddhatAmeM kAraNabhUta dharmake sambandhako to sAdi strIkAra kiyA gayA hai parantu unakI usa zarIrabaddhatAko pUvoMkta avicchinna paramparAkI saMgatike liye vahAMpara (jainadarzanameM) zarIrasambandhakI avicchinna anAdi paramparAkI taraha usameM kAraNabhUta karmasambandhakI bhI avicchinna anAdi paramparAko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura isakA Azaya yaha hai ki yadi citzaktiviziSTatatvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAmeM kAraNabhUta ukta karmasambandha ko anAdi mAnA jAyagA to usa karmasambandhako kAraNa rahita svAbhAvika hI mAnanA hogA, lekina aisA mAnanA isaliye asaMgata hai ki isa tarahase prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkhakI paraMparAsvarUpa saMsArakA sarvathA vicchedake abhAvakA prasaMga prApta hogA, jo ki sAMkhya, vedAnta, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, jaina aura bauddha ina darzanoM meMse kisI bhI darzanako abhISTa nahIM hai| mImAMsAdarzanameM jo prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA suHkha-dukhakI paraMparArUpa saMsArakA sarvathA viccheda nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai usakA sababa yahI hai ki vaha citazaktiviziSTa tattvoMmeM vidyamAna azaddhi ke sambandhako anAdi honeke sababa kAraNarahita svAbhAvika svIkAra karatA hai / parantu jo darzana prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkhakI paramparAsvarUpa saMsArakA sarvathA viccheda svIkAra karate hai unheM citzaktiviziSTatattvoMkI zarIrabaddhatAmeM kAraNarUpase svIkRta padArthake sambandhako kAraNasahita-asvAbhAvika hI mAnanA hogA aura aisA tabhI mAnA jA sakatA hai jabaki usa sambandhako sAdi mAnA jaaygaa| yahI sababa hai ki jainadarzanameM mAnya prANiyoMke janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkhakI paramparAsvarUpa saMsArake sarvathA vicchedako saMgatike liye vahAMpara (jainadarzanameM) zarIrasambandhameM kAraNabhUta karmake sambandhako to sAdi mAnA gayA hai aura zarIrasambandhakI pUrvokta anAdi paramparAkI saMgatike liye usa karmasambandhako bhI avicchinna paramparAko anAdi svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isakI vyavasthA jainadarzanameM nimna prakAra batalAyI gayI hai jainadarzanameM kArmANavargaNA nAmakA citRzaktise rahita tathA rUpa, rasa gaMdha aura sparza guNoMse yukta honeke kAraNa pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu tattvoMkA sajAtIya eka paudgalika tattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha tattva bahuta hI sUkSma hai aura pRthvI Adi tattvoMkI hI taraha nAnA paramANupuMjoMmeM vibhakta hokara samasta
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________________ 76 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzodhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-pranya lokAkAzameM sarvadA avasthita rahatA hai / prANiyoMkI mana, vacana aura zarIrake jariye puNya evaM pAparUpa kAryo meM jo pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai usa pravRttise usa kArmANavargaNAke yathAyogya bahatase paramANuoMke puMja-ke-puMja una prANiyoMke zarIrameM rahane vAle citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMke sAtha cipaTa jAte haiM arthAt agnise tapA huA lohekA golA pAnIke bIcameM par3a jAnese jisa prakAra cAroM orase pAnIko khIMcatA hai usI prakAra apane mana, vacana aura zarIra sambandhI puNya evaM pAparUpa kRtyoM dvArA garama haA (prabhAvita) ukta citazaktiviziSTatattva samasta lokameM vyApta kANivargaNAke bIcameM par3ajAneke kAraNa cAroM orase usa kANivargaNAke yathAyogya paramANupaMjoMko khIMca letA hai aura isa tarahase kArmANavargaNAke jitane paramANapaMja javataka citazaktiviziSTatattvoMke sAtha cipaTe rahate haiM tabataka unheM jainadarzanameM 'karma' nAmase pukArA jAtA hai tathA isa karmase prabhAvita hokarake hI pratyeka prANI apane mana, vacana aura zarIra dvArA puNya evaM pAparUpa kRtya kiyA karatA hai arthAt prANiyoMkI ukta puNya evaM pAparUpa kAryoM meM pravRtti karAnevAle ye karma hI hai| prANiyoMkI puNya evaM pAparUpa kAryoM meM pravRtti karA deneke bAda ina karmoMkA prabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai aura ye usa hAlatameM citazaktiviziSTa tattvaM hokara apanA vahI purAnA kArmANavargaNAkA rUpa athavA pRthvI Adi svarUpa dUsarA aura koI paudgalika rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| yahAMpara yaha khAsataurase dhyAnameM rakhane lAyaka bAta hai ki ina karmoke prabhAvase prANiyoMkI jo ukta puNya evaM pAparUpa kAryoMmeM pravRtti huA karatI hai usa pravRttise una prANiyoMke apane-apane zarIrameM rahanevAle citazaktiviziSTatattva kANivargaNAke dusare yathAyogya paramANapujoMke sAtha sambandha sthApita kara lete haiM aura isa tarahase citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMkI pUrvokta zarIrasambandhaparamparAkI taraha usameM kAraNabhUta karmasambandhakA paramparA bhI anAdikAlase avicchinnarUpameM calI A rahI hai / arthAt jisa prakAra vRkSase bIja aura bIjase vRkSa kI utpatti hote hue bhI unakI yaha paramparA anAdikAlase avicchinna rUpameM calI A rahI hai usI prakAra karmasambandhase citazaktiviziSTa tattvoMkA zarIrake sAtha sambandha hotA hai| isa sambaddhazarIrakI sahAyatAse prANI puNya evaM pAparUpa kArya kiyA karate haiN| una kAryoMse unake sAtha punaH karmokA bandha ho jAtA hai aura karmoMkA yaha bandhana unheM dUsare zarIrake sAtha sambaddha karA detA hai| isa tarahase yaha karmasambandhaparamparA bhI anAdikAla se avicchinna rUpameM calatI rahatI hai| isa kathanase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zarIrake sAtha citazaktiviziSTa tattvoMke Abaddha honekA kAraNa sAMkhya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika jaina aura bauddha ina sabhI darzanoMmeM svarUpa tathA kAraNatAke prakArakI apekSA yadyapi yathAyogya bhinna-bhinna batalAyA gayA hai tathApi isa bAtameM ye sabhI darzana ekamata hai ki zarIrake sAtha citzaktiviziSTa tattvoMke Abaddha honekA kAraNa atirikta padArtha hai| (4) ullikhita tIna siddhAntoMke sAtha-sAtha eka cauthA jo siddhAnta ina darzanoM meM sthira hotA hai vaha yaha hai ki jaba citazaktiviziSTa tattvoMkA zarIrake sAtha saMbaddha honA unase atirikta kAraNake adhIna hai to isa zarIrasaMbaMdhaparaMparAkA ukta kAraNake sAtha-sAtha mUlataH viccheda bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu isa cauthe siddhAntako mImAMsAdarzanameM nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kyoMki pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai ki mImAMsAdarzanameM zarIrasambandhameM kAraNabhUta azuddhike sambandhako anAdi honeke sababa akAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isaliye usakI mAnyatAke anusAra isa sambandhakA sarvathA viccheda honA asaMbhava hai| ina siddhAntoMke phalita arthake rUpameM nimnalikhita pA~ca tatva kAyama kiye jA sakate hai-(1) nAnA citzaktiviziSTa tattva, (2) inakA zarIrasambandhaparaMparA athavA sukha-duHkhaparaMparArUpa saMsAra, (3) saMsArakA kAraNa, (4) saMsArakA sarvathA viccheda svarUpamukti aura (5) muktikA kAraNa /
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________________ 4/ darzana aura nyAya : 77 cArvAka darzanameM ina pAMcoM tattvoMko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki ye pAMcoM tattva paraloka tathA mukti kI mAnyatAse hI sambandha rakhate haiN| momAMsAdarzanameM inameMse Adike tIna tattva svIkRta kiye gaye haiM, kyoMki Adike tIna tattva paralokakI mAnyatAse sambandha rakhate hai aura mImAMsAdarzanameM paralokakI mAnyatAko sthAna prApta hai / parantu vahA~ para ( mImAMsAdarzanameM ) bhI muktikI mAnyatAko sthAna prApta na honeke kAraNa antake do tattvoMko nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zeSa sAMkhya, vedAnta, yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika tathA jaina aura vauddhadarzanameM ina pA~coM tattvoMko svIkAra gayA gayA hai, kyoMki ina darzanoMmeM paraloka aura mukti donoMkI mAnyatAko sthAna prApta hai| jaina saMskRtikI jIva, ajIva. Asrava. bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSasvarUpa saptatattvavAlI jisa padArthamAnyatAkA ullekha lekhameM kiyA gayA hai usameM ukta darzanoMko svIkRta ina pAMcoM tattvoMkA ho samAveza kiyA gayA hai arthAt saptatattvoMmeM svIkRta prathama jIvatattvase citzaktiviziSTa tattvakA artha liyA gayA hai, dvitIya ajIvatattvase ukta kArmANavargaNAMkA artha svIkAra karate hue ina donoM arthAt citzaktiviziSTatattva svarUpa jovatattva aura kANivargaNAsvarUpa ajIvatattvakI sambandhaparamparArUpa mUla saMsArako cauthe bandhatattvameM samAviSTa karake citazaktiviziSTatattvake zarIrasambandhaparaMparArUpa athavA sukha-duHkhaparaMparArUpa saMsArako isIkA vistAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tIsare Asravatattvase ukta jIva aura ajIva donoM tattvoMkI sambandhaparaMparArUpa mUla saMsArameM kAraNabhUta prANiyoMke mana, vacana aura zarIra sambandhI puNya evaM pAparUpa kAryoMkA bodha hotA hai| tattvavyavasthAmeM bandha tattvako cauthA aura Asravatattvako tIsarA sthAna denekA matalaba yaha hai ki bandharUpa saMsArakA kAraNa Asrava hai isaliye kAraNarUpa AsravakA ullekha kAryarUpa bandhake pahale karanA hI cAhiye aura cUMki isa tattvavyavasthAkA lakSya prANiyoMkA kalyANa hI mAnA gayA hai tathA prANiyoMkI hIna aura uttama avasthAoMkA hI isa tattvavyavasthAse hameM bodha hotA hai / isaliye tattvavyavasthAkA pradhAna AdhAra honeke kAraNa isa tattvavyavasthAmeM jIvatattvako pahalA sthAna diyA gayA hai| jIvatattvake bAda dUsarA sthAna ajIvatattvako denekA sababa yaha hai ki jIvatattvake sAtha isake (ajIvatattvake) saMyoga aura viyoga tathA saMyoga aura viyogake kAraNoMko hI zeSa pA~ca tattvoMmeM saMgRhIta kiyA gayA hai / sAtaveM mokSatattvase karmasambandhaparaMparAse lekara zarIrasambandhaparaMparA athavA sukha-duHkhaparaMparArUpa saMsArakA sarvathA viccheda artha liyA gayA hai aura cUMki prANiyoMkI yaha antima prApya aura avinAzI avasthA hai isaliye isako tattvavyavasthA antima sAtavAM sthAna diyA gayA hai| __ pA~caveM saMvaratattvakA artha saMsArake kAraNabhUta AsravakA rokanA aura chaThe nirjarAtattvakA artha saMbaddha karmoM arthAt saMsArako samUla naSTa karanekA prayatna karanA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba pUrvokta saMsArake Atyantika vinAzakA nAma mukti hai to isa prakArakI muktikI prAptike lie hameM saMsArake kAraNoMkA nAza karake saMsArake nAza karanekA prayatna karanA hogA, saMvara aura nirjarA ina donoM tattvoMkI mAnyatAkA prayojana yahI hai aura caMki ina donoM tattvoMko sAtaveM mokSatattvakI prAptimeM kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, isaliye tattvavyavasthAmeM mokSatattvake pahale hI ina donoM tatvoMko sthAna diyA gayA hai| saMvarako pA~cavA~ aura nirjarAko chaThA sthAna denekA matalaba yaha hai ki jisa prakAra pAnIse bharI huI nAvako DUbanese bacAneke liye nAvakA buddhimAna mAlika pahale to pAnI Ane meM kAraNabhUta nAvake chidrako baMda karatA hai aura taba bAdameM bhare hue pAnIko nAvase bAhara nikAlanekA prayatna karatA hai usI prakAra muktike icchuka prANIko pahale to
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________________ 78 - sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-pranya karmabandhameM kAraNabhata Asravako rokanA cAhiye jisase ki karmabandhakI AgAmI paraMparA ruka jAya aura taba bAdameM baddha karmoko naSTa karanekA prayatna karanA cAhiye / yahA~para itanA aura samajha lenA cAhie ki pUrNa saMvara hojAneke bAda hI nirjarAkA prArambha nahIM mAnA gayA hai balki jitane aMzoMmeM saMvara hotA jAtA hai utane aMzoMmeM nirjarAkA prArambha bhI hotA jAtA hai / isa taraha pAnI Aneke chidrako baMda karane aura bhare hue pAnIko dhIre-dhIre bAhara nikAlanese jisa prakAra nAva pAnI rahita ho jAtI hai usI prakAra karmabandhake kAraNoMko naSTa karane aura baddha karmoMkA dhIre-dhIre vinAza karanese antameM jIva bhI saMsAra (janma-maraNa athavA sukha-duHkha kI paraMparA ) se sarvathA nirlipta ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya Adi darzanoMko yadyapi pUrvokta pAMcoM tattva mAnya hai| parantu unakI padArthavyavasthAmeM jainadarzanake sAtha paraspara jo matabheda pAyA jAtA hai unakA kAraNa unakA bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa hI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki sArabhUta-makhya-mUlabhUta yA prayojanabhUta padArthoM ko tattvanAmase pukArA jAtA hai| yahI sababa hai ki jaina darzanake dRSTikoNake mutAbika jagatmeM nAnA tarahake dusare-dUsare padArthoMkA astitva rahate hue bhI tattva zabdake isI abhiprAyako dhyAnameM rakhakara prANiyoMke Atyantika sukha (mukti) kI prAptimeM jinakA samajha lenA prayojanabhUta mAna liyA gayA hai una pUrvokta citzaktiviziSTatattva svarUpa jIva, kArmANavargaNAsvarUpa ajIva tathA ina donoMke saMyogarUpa bandha aura viyogarUpa mukti evaM saMyogake kAraNabhUta Asrava aura viyogake kAraNasvarUpa saMvara aura nirjarAko hI saptatattvamayapadArthavyavasthA sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzanake dRSTikoNake anusAra muktiprAptike liye citzaktiviziSTatatvasvarUpa puruSa tathA inakI zarIrasambandhaparaMparArUpa saMsArakI mUlakAraNa svarUpa prakRti aura ina donoMke saMyogase honevAle buddhi Adi paMcamahAbhata paryanta prakRtivikAroMko samajha lenA hI jarUrI yA paryApta mAna liyA gayA hai| isaliye sAMkhyadarzanameM nAnAcitzaktiviziSTa tattva, inakA zarIrasambandhaparaMparA athavA sukha-duHkhaparaMparArUpa saMsArakA kAraNa, saMsArakA sarvathA vicchedasvarUpa mukti aura muktikA kAraNa ina pA~coM tattvoMkI mAnyatA rahate hue bhI usako ( sAMkhyadarzanakI) padArthavyavasthAmeM sirpha puruSa, prakRti aura buddhi Adi teIsa prakRtivikAroMko hI sthAna diyA gayA hai| jainadarzanako saptatattvasvarUpa padArthavyavasthAke sAtha yadi sAMkhyadarzanakI paccIsa tattvasvarUpa padArthavyavasthAkA sthUla rUpase samanvaya kiyA jAya to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzanake jIvatatvake sthAnapara sAMkhyadarzanameM puruSatatvako aura jainadarzanake ajIvatattva ( kArmANavargaNA ) ke sthAnapara sAMkhyadarzanameM prakRtitatvako sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA jainadarzanake bandhatatvakA yadi vistAra kiyA jAya to sAMkhyadarzanakI buddhi Adi teIsa tatvoMkI mAnyatAkA usake sAtha samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / itanA samanvaya karaneke bAda ina donoM darzanoMkI mAnyatAoMmeM sirpha itanA bheda raha jAtA hai ki jahA~ sAMkhyadarzanameM buddhi Adi sabhI tatvoMko puruSasaMyukta prakRtikA vikAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahA~ jainadarzanameM kuchako to prakRtisaMyukta puruSakA vikAra aura kuchako puruSasaMyukta prakRtikA vikAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAMkhyadarzanake paccIsa tatvoMko jainadarzanake jIva, ajIva aura bandha ina tIna tattvoMmeM saMgrahIta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra sAMkhyadarzanameM paccIsa tatvoMke rUpameM nAnAcitzaktiviziSTa tattva aura inakA zarIrasambandhaparamparA athavA sukha-duHkha paramparArUpa saMsAra ye do tatva to kaMThokta svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| zeSa saMsArakA kAraNa, saMsArakA sarvathA viccheda svarUpa makti aura muktikA kAraNa ina tIna tatvoMkI mAnyatA rahate hae bhI inheM padArtha mAnyatAmeM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai|
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________________ 4/ darzana aura nyAya : 79 yogadarzanameM nAnA citazaktiviziSTatatva, unakA saMsAra, saMsArakA kAraNa, mukti aura muktikA kAraNa ina tatvoMkI mAnyatA rahate hue bhI usakI padArthavyavasthA karIba-karIba sAMkhyadarzana jaisI hI hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki yogadarzanameM puruSa aura prakRtike saMyoga tathA prakRtikI buddhi Adi teIsa tatvarUpa hone vAlI pariNatimeM sahAyaka eka zAzvata Izvaratatvako bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura muktike sAdhanoMkA vistRta vivecana bhI yogadarzanameM kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzanakI padArthavyavasthA yogadarzanakI taraha vedAntadarzanako bhI mAnya hai| lekina vedAntadarzanameM ukta padArthavyavasthAke mUlameM nitya, vyApaka aura eka parabrahma nAmaka tatvako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA saMsArako isI parabrahmakA vistAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra vedAntadarzanameM yadyapi eka parabrahmako hI tatvarUpase svIkAra kiyA hai parantu vahA~para ( vedAntadarzana meM ) bhI pratyeka prANIke zarIrameM pRthak-pRthak rahane vAle citazaktiviziSTatatvoMko usa parabrahmake aMzoMke rUpameM svIkAra karake unakA asat svarUpa avidyAke sAtha saMyoga, isa saMyogake AdhArapara una citazaktiviziSTatatvoMkA sukha-duHkha tathA zarIra-saMbandhakI paramparArUpa saMsAra, isa saMsArase chuTakArA svarUpa mukti aura muktikA kAraNa ye saba bAteM svIkAra kI gayI haiN| vedAntadarzanameM parabrahmako sat aura saMsArako asat mAnanekI jo dRSTi hai usakA sAmaJjasya jainadarzanakI karaNAnuyogadRSTi ( upayogitAvAda ) se hotA hai kyoMki jainadarzanameM bhI saMsAra athavA zarIrAdi jina padArthoMko dravyAnuyoga ( vAstavikatAvAda ) kI dRSTise sat svIkAra kiyA gayA hai unhIMko karaNAnuyogakI dRSTise asat svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jainadarzanameM bhI karaNAnuyogakI dRSTise eka citzaktiviziSTa Atmatatvako hI zAzvat honeke kAraNa sat svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura zeSa saMsArake sabhI tatvoMko azAzvata. AtmakalyANameM anupayogI athavA bAdhaka honeke kAraNa asat ( mithyA ) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra citazaktiviziSTa tatva, unakA pUrvokta saMsAra aura saMsArakA kAraNa ina tIna tatvoMko svIkAra karane vAle mImAMsAdarzanameM tathA inake sAtha-sAtha mukti aura muktike kAraNa ina do tatvoMko milAkara pA~ca tatvoMko svIkAra karane vAle nyAya, vaizeSika aura bauddha darzanoMmeM bhI inakA jainadarzanakI taraha jo tatvarUpa se vyavasthita vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai vaha ina darzanoMke bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNakA hI pariNAma hai / isa saMpUrNa kathanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jainadarzanakI saptatatvamaya padArthavyavasthA yadyapi ukta sabhI darzanoMko svIkArya hai parantu jahA~ jainadarzanameM upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara usakA sarvAGgINa aura vyavasthita DhaMgase vivecana kiyA gayA hai vahA~ dUsare darzanoMmeM usakA vivecana sarvAGgINa aura vyavasthita Dhagase nahIM kiyA gayA hai|