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________________ jaina darzana meM karmavAda kI mahattA sAdhvI priyadarzanAzrIjI, ema. e. kama-siddhAnta bhAratIya darzana kI eka anUThI vizeSatA hai| bhAratIya-darzana meM karma aura usake phala ke saMbaMdha meM bar3A vyApaka cintana kiyA gayA hai| kArya kyA hai ? jIva aura karma kA saMbaMdha kaise hotA hai? usakA phala kaise milatA hai? ityAdi ke saMdarbha meM bhAratIya RSi mahirSiyoM ne jitanA gahana vicAra prastuta kiyA hai utanA aura vaisA pAzcAtya-darzana meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAna e. bI. kItha ne bhI svIkAra kiyA haibhAratIyoM kA karma bandha kA siddhAnta nizcaya hI advitIya hai| __ "saMsAra kI samasta jAtiyoM se unheM yaha siddhAnta alaga kara detA hai| jo koI bhI bhAratIya dharma aura sAhitya ko jAnanA cAhatA hai, vaha ukta siddhAnta ko jAne binA agrasara nahIM ho sktaa|" / bhArata bhUmi darzanoM kI janmadAtrI hai| yahAM kI pAvana dharatI para atiprAcIna kAla se hI cintana manana kI, darzana kI vicAra dhArA bahatI calI A rahI hai| apane dArzanika cintana se bhAratIya saMskRti kI prANa pratiSThA hai, gaurava hai| pratyeka dharma darzana ke kucha apane maulika siddhAnta hote haiM * jo anya dharmoM, darzanoM se na kevala bhinnatA hI rakhate haiM balki vizeSatA bhii| agara sarasarI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to vizva ke sabhI dharmoM, darzanoM ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta sAmyatA lie hue dRSTigata hoNge| bhale hI unake vivecana, vizleSaNa, vyAkhyA viSayaka dRSTikoNa meM pRthaktA parilakSita hotI ho| dArzanika jagata meM jaina darzana kA pratinidhitva karane vAle aneka siddhAntoM meM se karmavAda kA apanA viziSTa siddhAnta hai| "vAda" zabda aMgrejI bhASA ke Ism (ijma) kA samAnArthaka hai| "vAda" (ijma) kA artha hotA hai vicAradhArA yA siddhAnta / karmavAda arthAt karmasaMbaMdhI vicaardhaaraa| to isa karmavAda ko binA samajhe bhAratIya tatvajJAna kA vizeSa taura se AtmavAda kA yathArtha parijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| jainAgamoM meM jise "karma" kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, anya darzanoM meM use vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika "karma" ko "dharmAdharma", "saMskAra" aura adRSTa kahate haiN| yogadarzana bhASya aura sAMkhyakArikA meM use "Azaya" aura "kleza' kahA gayA hai| mImAMsaka use "apUrva" kahatA hai| bauddha use "vAsanA" kahate haiN| kurAna zarIpha aura bAibala meM use "zaitAna" ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milI hai| ye sAre zabda "karma" ke samAnArthaka zabda hI haiN| ___ jaina darzana kA mUla navatatva hai kintu ina navatatvoM kI AdhAra bhI bhitti karmavAda hai isIliye karmavAda ko jaina darzana kA eka avibhAjya aMga mAnA gayA hai| karma kA jaisA sUkSma vizleSaNa, gahanavivecana jaina darzana ke sAhitya meM upalabdha hai utanA aura vaisA vizva ke dArzanika sAhitya meM anyatra dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| mAnava mastiSka meM yaha jijJAsA udbhUta honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki jIvana meM karmavAda kI kyA AvazyakatA hai, kyA upayogitA hai, Akhira use kyoM svIkAra kiyA jAya? isalie ki, karmavAda mAnava ko Atma-vikAsa ke mArga para agrasara hone ke lie utsAha aura preraNA pradAna karatA hai| jIvana kI vividha ulajhanoM ko sulajhAtA hai| jIvana meM karmavAda kI sabase mahatI upayogitA yahI hai ki mAnava ko hatAza aura nirAza hone se bacAtA hai| vaha prANI ko dInatA, hInatA ke gahana garta se nikAla kara vikAsa kI carama sImA para pahuMcane ke lie anavarata prerita karatA rahatA hai| jaba yaha nirutsAha ho jAtA hai, apane Apako cAroM ora se pariveSThita pAtA hai, gantavyasthala kA paribodha lupta ho jAtA hai usa samaya usa vihvala AtmA ko karmavAda, zAMti, vI. ni. saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ sahiSNutA aura dhIratA pradAna karatA hai| vaha sAntvanA dilAtA hai ki mAnava yaha saba tUne svayaM ne kiyA hai aura jo kucha kiyA hai usakA phala bhI tujhe hI bhoganA hogA / aisA kabhI ho nahIM sakatA ki karma mAnava svayaM kare usakA phala aura koI bhoge| yaha bAta uttarAdhyayana meM kahI gaI hai| appAkattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| arthAt yaha AtmA sukha-duHkha kA kartA upabhoktA svayaM hI hai| karmavAda kA yaha spaSTa udghoSa hai ki jo bhI sukha duHkha prApta ho rahA hai usakA nirmAtA AtmA hI hai| jaisA AtmA karma karegA vaisA hI use phala milegaa| nyAya darzana kI taraha jaina darzana karma phala kA niyantA Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA hai| jaise gaNita kI saMkhyA batAne vAlI jar3a mazIna aMka ginane meM bhUla nahIM karatI vaise hI karma jar3a hone para bhI phala dene meM bhUla nahIM krtaa| usake lie Izvara ko niyantA mAnane kI kataI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| karma ke viparIta Izvara kucha phala dene meM samartha thor3e hI hogaa| vaidika darzana kI taraha hI jaina darzana karmaphala ke saMvibhAga meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| jo kucha isa AtmA ne pUrva meM kiyA hai vahI Aja use milA hai| isI krama meM AcArya amitagati kA kathana hai ki: svayaM vRttaM karma yadAtmanA purA phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubhaM pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTa svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tadA tAtparya yaha hai ki karmavAda ko samajha lene ke bAda jIvana meM Ane vAle sukha-duHkha ke jhaMjhAvAtoM se mAnava kA mana kaMpita nahIM hotaa| vaha batAtA hai ki hamArI vartamAna avasthA jaisI aura jo kucha bhI hai vaha kisI dUsare ke dvArA thopI huI nahIM hai balki mAnava svayaM usakA nirmAtA hai| mAnava jIvana meM jo kucha bhI sukha-duHkha avasthAeM AtI haiM, unakA banAne vAlA koI anya nahIM hai svayaM mAnava hI hai| ataeva jIvana meM jo utthAna-patana AtA hai, utkarSa-apakarSa hotA hai, tathA sukha-du.kha AtA hai- una sabakA uttaradAyitva usake jIvana para hI nirbhara hai vaha svayaM hI sukha-duHkha kA kendra hai, eka dArzanika kahatA hai| I AM MASTER OF MY FATE I AM THE CAPTAIN OF MY SOUL. arthAt maiM svayaM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA huuN| maiM svayaM apanI AtmA kA adhinAyaka haiN| maiM svayaM hI apanI zakti ke sahAre uThatA hai aura svayaM hI apanI zakti ke hrAsa se giratA huuN| jo kucha maiM apane jIvana meM prApta karatA hUM vaha saba kucha merI apanI boI huI khetI kA acchA yA burA phala hai| ata: jIvana meM udAsInatA, hatAzA, nirutsAhitA, dInatA aura hInatA lAne kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai yahI preraNA mAnava ko karmavAda detA hai| puruSArtha mUlaka karmavAda mAnava ko utsAhavardhaka preraNA detA hai ki niyativAda, bhAgyavAda se bhayabhIta hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kyoMki isa bhAgya kA nirmANa usake atItakAla ke puruSArtha se hI to nirmita huA hai| jaina darzana ke karmavAda meM mAnava apane bhAgya kI evaM niyati cakra kI kaThaputalI mAtra nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para vaha apane puruSArtha evaM prayAsa se tathA apanI viveka zakti se apane bhAgya * ko, apane karma ko badala bhI sakatA hai| apane niyati-cakra ko vaha jaisA cAhe palaTane kI yogyatA aura kSamatA rakhatA hai| Atmabala ke dvArA karmAvaraNa ko dUra kara paramAtmasvarUpa prakaTa kara sakatA hai| karmavAda meM dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhanevAlA vyakti yaha bhalIbhAMti samajhatA hai ki sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, yaza-apayaza, jIvana-maraNa mere apane hI hAtha meM haiN| ve kisI ke dvArA die gae varadAna yA abhizApa kA phala nahIM haiN| apane zaurya se, puruSArtha se, saba kucha adhigata kara letA hai| na kabhI unmatta hotA hai aura na kabhI vihvala hotA hai, kaSTa meN| karmavAda ke isa svarNa siddhAnta ko agara apane jIvana meM sthAna deM to jIvana ke lie kitanA upayogI siddha hotA hai| hama apane dainika jIvana meM dekhate haiM, anubhava karate haiM ki kabhI jIvana meM sukha ke suhAvane bAdala chA jAte haiM aura kabhI duHkha kI dhanaghora kAlI ghaTAeM chA jAtI haiN| duHkha Ane para hama vihvala ho jAte haiM usa samaya lagatA hai ki yaha jIvana aneka saMkaToM, kaSToM aura klezoM se vyApta hai| eka ora bAhya pratikUla vivazatAeM behada parezAna karatI haiM mAnava ko aura dUsarI tarapha antarhRdaya meM vyAkulatA bar3ha jAtI hai| aisI viSama paristhitiyoM meM hama to kyA jJAnI puruSa bhI apane patha se bhaTaka jAte haiN| santulana kho jAtA hai| nirutsAha, hatotsAha ho jAte haiN| anya ko kosane lagate haiM jo mAtra bAharI nimitta hai| mUla upAdAna ko bhUlakara hamArI najareM bAhara daur3ane lagatI haiM aise prasaMgoM meM vastutaH karmavAda hI hameM zAMti pradAna karatA hai, hamAre gantavya mArga ko Alokita kara sakatA hai, vipathagAmI AtmA ko sattatha para lA sakatA hai| karmazAstra batalAtA hai ki sukha-duHkha kA mUla kAraNa merA apanA pUrvakRta karma hI hai| yaha eka zAzvata siddhAnta hai ki jaisA bIja hogA vaisA hI vRkSa hogaa| vRkSa kA mUla kAraNa jaise bIja hai vaise mAnava ke bhautika jIvana kA kAraNa karma hI hai| rAmacaritamAnasa meM bhI kahA gayA hai karma pradhAna vizva kari rAkhA, jo jasa karahiM so tasa phala caakhaa| sukha-duHkha ke isa kAryakAraNa bhAva ko samajhA kara karma-zAstra manuSya ko AkulatA-vyAkulatA, samatA-viSamatA kI gahana rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Interational Jain Education Intemational
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________________ kandharAoM se nikAlakara jIvana patha para Age bar3hane ke lie utprerita karatA hai, protsAhita karatA hai| isa prakAra karmavAda AtmA ko nirAzA se bacAtA hai| jaina darzana prarUpita karmavAda jIvana ke aneka rahasyoM ko udghATita kara hamAre sammukha prakaTa kara detA hai| isake atirikta duHkhakaSTa sahane kI kSamatA pradAna karatA hai| saMkaTAkIrNa samaya meM bhI dhruva kI bhAMti sthira rahane kA divya saMdeza detA hai / jIvana meM zAMti, samatA, udAratA, sahiSNatA Adi sadguNoM ko abhivyakta karane meM karmavAda bahata sahAyaka siddha hotA hai| karmavAda ko samajha lene para utAra-car3hAva kI sama-viSama paristhitiyAM vicalita nahIM kara sakatI haiN| sukha AtA hai to bhI svAgata hai aura kaSTa AtA hai to usakA bhI svAgata hai| karmavAda meM aTala AsthA, vizvAsa rakhane vAlA vyakti yaha socatA hai ki jIvana meM anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA nirmita karane vAlA maiM svayaM hI hUM, phalasvarUpa usakA phala bhI mujhe hI bhugatanA hai| aisI bhAvanA, aisI dRSTi mAnava jIvana ko svargamaya, santoSamaya aura Anandamaya banA detI hai| karmavAda kA jIvana meM yahI upayoga hai, yahI mahattA hai, yahI garimA hai aura yahI apUrva dena hai| isa taraha karmavAda kA bhAratIya darzana meM, vizeSa taura se jaina darzana meM viziSTa sthAna hai, usameM bhI jaina darzana ke karmavAda kA to apanA eka alaga hI mahatva hai jo vizva itihAsa kI advitIya dena hai| isa karmazAstra ne mAnava ko sama-viSama paristhiti meM sUrya ke prakAza kI bhAMti hI nahIM balki meru kI taraha acala, akampita rahane kI preraNA dI hai| karmavAda kI garimA ke gIta to pAzcAtya dArzanika meksamUlara ne bhI gAe haiM "yaha to nizcita hai ki karmamata kA asara manuSya jIvana para behada huA hai| yadi kisI manuSya ko yaha mAlUma par3e ki vartamAna aparAdha ke sivAya bhI mujhako jo kucha bhoganA par3atA hai, vaha mere pUrva janma ke karma kA hI phala hai, to vaha purAne karja ko cukAne vAle manuSya kI taraha zAnta bhAva se usa kaSTa ko sahana kara legA aura vaha manuSya itanA bhI jAnatA hai ki sahanazIlatA se purAnA karja cukAyA jA sakatA hai tathA usI se bhaviSya ke lie nIti kI samRddhi ikaTThI kI jA sakatI hai to usako bhalAI ke rAste para calane kI preraNA Apa hI Apa hogii| acchA yA burA koI bhI karma naSTa nahIM hotA; yaha to nIti zAstra kA mata aura padArtha zAstra kA bala-saMrakSaNa saMbaMdhI mata samAna hI hai| donoM matoM kA Azaya itanA hI hai ki kisI kA nAza nahIM hotaa| kisI bhI nIti zikSA ke astitva ke sambandha meM kitanI hI zaMkA kyoM na ho para yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki karmamata sabase adhika jagaha mAnA gayA hai| usase lAkhoM manuSyoM ke kaSTa kama hue haiM aura usI mata se manuSyoM ko vartamAna saMkaTa jhelane kI zakti paidA karane tathA bhaviSya jIvana ko sudhArane meM uttejana milA isase sApha jAhira hai ki bhAratIya darzana kA karmavAda kA siddhAnta apane Apa meM abAdhya, akATya aura bejor3a hai| Adhunika yuga ke isa vijJAna aura vinAzakAla meM bhI yaha siddhAnta mAnava jIvana ko sukha, santoSa, samatA aura sahiSNutA kI surabhi se suvAsita kara sakatA hai; nirAzA ke andhakAra meM bhI prakAza kI kiraNeM bikhera sakatA hai| jana-jIvana ke lie prakAza stambha kA kArya kara sakatA hai| yahI karmavAda kI jIvana meM sabase bar3I upayogitA hai| parigraha-saMcaya zAnti kA zatru hai, adhIratA kA mitra hai, ajJAna kA vizrAma-sthala hai, bure vicAroM kA krIDodyAna hai, ghabarAhaTa kA khajAnA hai, pramattatA kA mantrI hai aura lar3AI-daMgoM kA niketana hai, aneka pApa karmoM kA koSa hai aura vipattiyoM kA vizAla sthAna hai, ata: jo ise chor3akara santoSa dhAraNa kara letA hai, vaha saMsAra meM sarvatra-sadaiva sukhI rahatA hai| -rAjendra mUri vI. ni. saM. 2503